View source for Luo Ronghuan

{{Short description|Chinese military officer (1902–1963)}}
{{expand Chinese|date=March 2023|topic=bio}}
{{Family name hatnote|[[Luo (surname)|Luó {{noitalic|(罗/羅)}}]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Yuanshuai]] 
| name = Luo Ronghuan
| native_name = 罗荣桓
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|11|26}}
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1963|12|16|1902|11|26}}
| birth_place  = [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan Province]], [[Qing dynasty]]
| death_place  = [[Beijing]], China
| image        = Luo Ronghuan.jpg
| caption      = Luo in 1955
| office       = [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
| term_start   = 27 September 1954
| term_end     = 16 December 1963
| 1blankname   = Chairman
| 1namedata    = [[Liu Shaoqi]]<br />[[Zhu De]]
| office1      = Director of the [[General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army]]
| term_start1  = January 1961
| term_end1    = December 1963
| successor1   = [[Tan Zheng]]
| predecessor1 = [[Xiao Hua (general)|Xiao Hua]]
| term_start2  = September 1954
| term_end2    = December 1956
| successor2   = ''Office established''
| predecessor2 = Tan Zheng
| office3      = [[Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission|Vice Chairman of the National Defense Council]]{{efn|Office was known as the "Vice Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission" before 29 September 1954.}}
| term_start3  = 19 June 1954
| term_end3    = 4 January 1965
| 1blankname3  = Chairman
| 1namedata3   = [[Mao Zedong]]


| office4      = Secretary of the [[Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission]]
| term_start4  = March 1961
| term_end4    = December 1963 
| predecessor4 = ''Office established'' 
| successor4   = [[Tan Zheng]]
| term_start5  = 17 September 1955
| term_end5    = 27 September 1954 
| predecessor5 = Tan Zheng 
| successor5   = [[Xiao Hua (general)|Xiao Hua]]
| office6      = [[Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]] 
| term_start6  = 1 October 1949
| term_end6    = 27 September 1954
| predecessor6 = ''Office established'' 
| successor6   = [[Zhang Dingcheng]]
| allegiance   = {{Flagicon|PRC}} [[People's Republic of China]]
| nickname     = 102 ([[military call sign]])
| serviceyears = 1927–1963 
| rank         = [[Yuanshuai]] 
| commands     = [[Political Commissar]] of the Northeast Field Army, PLA
| branch       = [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]]
| battles      = * [[Northern Expedition]]
* [[Chinese Civil War]]
** [[Long March]]
* [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]
** [[Hundred Regiments Offensive]]
| mawards           = 
[[File:中国人民解放军一级八一勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Bayi]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级独立自由勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Independence and Freedom]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级解放勋章的略章.PNG|35px]] [[Order of Liberation (China)]] (First Class Medal)
|occupation = General, politician, writer
}}
'''Luo Ronghuan''' ({{zh |s = 罗荣桓 |t = 羅榮桓 |p = Luó Rónghuán |w = Lo Jung-huan }}; November 26, 1902 &ndash; December 16, 1963) was a [[Marshal of the People's Republic of China|Marshal]] of the [[People's Republic of China]]. He served as a [[Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress|Vice Chair]] of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]].

==Biography==
Luo was born in a village in [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan]] Province. In 1919, at the age of 17, he enrolled in Xiejun Middle School in [[Changsha]]. Five years later, he began attending [[Shandong University]] (then [[Qingdao]] Private College), completing a preparatory course in Industry in Commerce in 1926. He joined the Chinese [[Communist Youth League]] in April 1927 and the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] later that year. He was the only one of the later ten Marshals to have followed Mao in the [[Autumn Harvest Uprising]]. During the [[Long March]] he served as the security chief for the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese Red Army]].

During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] he served as political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region]] anti-troskyites campaign extended to  other base areas, including Shandong, leading to a frenzied campaign of mass execution of party cadres. This was put to a halt thanks to Luo's intervention in November 1939. This incident reached Yan'an in early 1940, which lead to a reexamination of the anti-trotskyite campaign in Shandong on a meeting convened by [[Chen Yun]]. Here, the campaign was criticized as too extremist, although it was maintained that it was correct, which was not enough to stop the deadly campaign, despite Luo's efforts, which saved more than 100 lives, the campaign did not fully end until April 1942, after an inspection by [[Liu Shaoqi]].<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose">Gao Hua, ''How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945'', Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. 2018</ref>{{rp|480–481}}

After [[Zhu Rui]] dismissal as political commissar of the Eighth Route Army in Shandong in 1942, he held unified leadership over the government, Party and military in the Shandong area during the war against Japan. He chaired the General Study Committee, where he tried to oppose the [[Yan'an Rectification Movement|Rectification Campaign]] excesses in Shandong.<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose" />{{rp|617–620}} During his leadership of Shandong the communist forces and territory grew, at the time of China's victory on the war against Japan the CCP controlled most of Shandong strongholds and communication lines, which were vital for communist victory during the Chinese civil war.<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose" />{{rp|625}}

After World War II, Luo served as the [[political commissar]] of [[Lin Biao]] in [[Northeast China]] during the Chinese civil war.

After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 he became Chief of Staff of the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA). He was made a marshal in 1955.

Luo was the member of the [[7th CPC Central Committee]] and [[8th CPC Politburo]]. He died in 1963, and the funeral was attended by Mao and Lin Biao; the only other funeral attended by Lin Biao was for [[People's Liberation Army Air Force|PLA Air Force]] General [[Liu Yalou]].

== See also ==
* [[List of generals of the People's Republic of China]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{in lang|zh}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106230346/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/17/content_694230.htm Biography of Luo Ronghuan], [[Xinhuanet]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
|before = none
|title = [[Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
|years = 1949–1954
|after = [[Zhang Dingcheng]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ten Marshals}}
{{8th Politburo of the Communist Party of China}}
{{NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luo, Ronghuan}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Marshals of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:People from Hengshan County]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hengyang]]
[[Category:Members of the 7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Vice chairpersons of the National People's Congress]]
[[Category:Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
[[Category:National Wuhan University alumni]]