View source for Mörön

{{Short description|Provincial capital of Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia}}
{{Other uses|Moron (disambiguation){{!}}Moron|Murun (disambiguation){{!}}Murun}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name               = Mörön
| native_name        = Мөрөн<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ}}}}
| native_name_lang   = mn
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[Districts of Mongolia|District]]
| official_name      = {{raise|0.1em|Mörön District}}<br>Мөрөн сум<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠤᠮᠤ}}}}
| motto              = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline      = Moron2008.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Mörön from south, July 2008
| image_flag         = Mörön City Flag.png
| flag_size          = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| pushpin_map        = Mongolia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mongolia
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_mapsize    = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.svg|25px]] [[Mongolia]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of Mongolia|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Khövsgöl Province|Khövsgöl]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 1809
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2  = <!-- Area    --------------------->
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 102.9
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_urban_km2     = 16.04
| area_metro_km2     = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2017
| population_footnotes = 
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 39404
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 
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| population_urban   = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = <!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone           = UTC+8
| utc_offset         = 
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|49|38|08|N|100|09|20|E|region:MN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 1710
| elevation_ft       = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 210 xxx
| area_code          = +976 (0)138
| blank_name         = License plate
| blank_info         = ХӨ (_ variable)
| blank1_name        = 
| blank1_info        = 
| website            = 
| footnotes          = 
}}
 
'''Mörön''' ({{langx|mn|Мөрөн {{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ}}}} {{IPA|mn|mɵ́rʉɴ|}}}}; {{lit|River}}) is the administrative center of [[Khövsgöl Province|Khövsgöl]], [[Mongolia]]. Before 1933, [[Khatgal, Khövsgöl|Khatgal]] had been the [[aimag]] capital.

It has 12,286 families and a population of 46,918, and is considered a major city such as [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Darkhan (city)|Darhan]], [[Erdenet]] and [[Choibalsan (city)|Choibalsan]]. In terms of administrative units, it is divided into 14 [[khoroo]] and covers approximately 102.9&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Demographics are split as 51.58% females to 48.42% males. 41.25% of the population is aged between 15 and 39.

Although a poorly developed town, Mörön has a hospital, a museum, a theatre, a post office, nine schools and fifteen kindergartens. It was connected to the Mongolian central power grid in 2004. The town has had a paved road connecting it to Mongolia's capital city Ulaanbaatar since December 2014, as a part of a government effort to extend paved roads from Ulaanbaatar to all Aimag capitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magnificentmongolia.com/mongolia/news/1-latest-news/210-ulaanbaatar-murun-paved-road-complete.html/|title=Ulaanbaatar Murun Paved Road Complete|access-date=2014-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312111621/http://magnificentmongolia.com/mongolia/news/1-latest-news/210-ulaanbaatar-murun-paved-road-complete.html|archive-date=2016-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
The settlement stems from the Möröngiin Khuree monastery, which had been founded in 1809/11 on the banks of the [[Delger mörön]] river. By the beginning of the 20th century, the monastery had grown to a population of about 1300 lamas but was destroyed in 1937. A small new monastery (Danzadarjaa Khiid) was erected on the western edge of the town in the 1990s.

== Population ==
[[Image:MoronHashaa.jpg|right|thumb|In the western part of Mörön]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+Mörön population<ref name="new">[http://www.nso.mn/mdg/eng_index.htm National Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607183346/http://www.nso.mn/mdg/eng_index.htm |date=2007-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="old">National Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic (1921 - 1981), Ulaanbaatar 1981</ref><ref name="GeoHive">[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/mongolia.aspx GeoHive: Global Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730051608/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/mongolia.aspx |date=2013-07-30 }}</ref><ref name="historical">{{Cite web |url=http://www.populstat.info/ |title=Population Statistics: historical demography |access-date=2007-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223080259/http://www.populstat.info/ |archive-date=2015-02-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>M. Nyamaa, ''Khövsgöl aimgiin lavlakh toli'', Ulaanbaatar 2001, passim</ref><ref>Rural Poverty Reduction Programme: [http://www.rprpmongolia.mn/eng/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1146914460&archive=&start_from=&ucat=33&do=english_huvsgul ''official site''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928015741/http://www.rprpmongolia.mn/eng/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1146914460&archive=&start_from=&ucat=33&do=english_huvsgul |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref><ref name="Khövsgöl Yearbook 2007">[http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cxls0x45.xls Khövsgöl Aimag Statistical Yearbook 2007]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
! width="50" | 1959 <br> est.
! width="50" | 1969 <br> census
! width="50" | 1979 <br> census
! width="50" | 1989 <br> census
! width="50" | 1994 <br> est.
! width="50" | 2000 <br> census
! width="50" | 2005 <br> est.
! width="50" | 2007 <br> est.
! width="50" | 2010 <br> census
|-
| 9,000|| 11,200|| 16,500|| 21,300||27,230|| 28,147||35,872||36,082||35,789 
|-
|}

Most of the inhabitants live in [[ger district]]s.

== Education ==
Mörön has 27 organizations that are working as educational institutions. There are eight national, one private high schools, thirteen national, four private kindergartens, one vocational training center, and the university. As of 2020, there were a total of 14,865 students in the city. The first school of the local was established in 1923 under the name "Suhiin tenhim". In 2000  it was renamed "Delgermurun" and remains in use until now. 
The two main institutions are the "Delgermurun" and "Erdmiin Dalai". "Erdmiin Dalai" that is one of the top 10 national school in Mongolia was founded in 1962 with the name "Erdem".

== Airport ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2020}}
Since 1957, the [[Mörön Airport]] ([[ICAO airport code|ICAO]]: ZMMN, [[IATA]]: MXV) has two runways, one paved 2,400m long by 42m wide, and one gravel 2,000m long. It is served by regular flights from and to [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Some flights to the western Aimags may stop over. It is a first class capacity of 150 passengers per hour.

==Climate==
Mörön experienced a [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|continental semi-arid]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification system|Köppen]] ''BSk'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''BSbc'') with a [[Humid continental climate|humid continental]] temperature regime (''Dwb'') (formerly [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] (''Dwc'') based upon the 1991 to 2020 reference period resulting in long, very dry, frigid winters and short, warm summers.

{{Weather box
|location = Mörön, elevation {{convert|1283|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 4.5
|Feb record high C = 10.7
|Mar record high C = 18.7
|Apr record high C = 28.9
|May record high C = 32.5
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jul record high C = 37.4
|Aug record high C = 36.9
|Sep record high C = 31.8
|Oct record high C = 23.6
|Nov record high C = 13.4
|Dec record high C = 9.6
|Jan high C = -14.7
|Feb high C = -7.6
|Mar high C = 2.9
|Apr high C = 11.9
|May high C = 18.3
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 25.9
|Aug high C = 23.7
|Sep high C = 17.8
|Oct high C = 9.0
|Nov high C = -3.4
|Dec high C = -11.6
| year high C = 
|Jan mean C = -22.1
|Feb mean C = -16.1
|Mar mean C = -5.6
|Apr mean C = 3.9
|May mean C = 10.9
|Jun mean C = 16.7
|Jul mean C = 18.7
|Aug mean C = 16.2
|Sep mean C = 9.5
|Oct mean C = 0.7
|Nov mean C = -9.9
|Dec mean C = -18.5
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -27.3
|Feb low C = -22.3
|Mar low C = -12.2
|Apr low C = -3.2
|May low C = 2.8
|Jun low C = 10.1
|Jul low C = 12.7
|Aug low C = 10.2
|Sep low C = 2.5
|Oct low C = -5.6
|Nov low C = -15.4
|Dec low C = -23.2
| year low C = 
|Jan record low C = −47.2
|Feb record low C = -44.3
|Mar record low C = −36.1
|Apr record low C = -22.3
|May record low C = -15.0
|Jun record low C = -5.9
|Jul record low C = 1.4
|Aug record low C = -3.0
|Sep record low C = -12.7
|Oct record low C = -27.3
|Nov record low C = −37.9
|Dec record low C = −45.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 1.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 1.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 8.0
|May precipitation mm = 17.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 43.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 75.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 58.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 20.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 7.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 2.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.3
|year precipitation mm = 241.1
|Jan sun = 155.4
|Feb sun = 191.7
|Mar sun = 261.9
|Apr sun = 267.3
|May sun = 307.8
|Jun sun = 300.1
|Jul sun = 291.5
|Aug sun = 281.0
|Sep sun = 256.3
|Oct sun = 228.6
|Nov sun = 157.9
|Dec sun = 129.9
|year sun = 2829.6
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.4
|Feb precipitation days = 1.2
|Mar precipitation days = 1.2
|Apr precipitation days = 2.3
|May precipitation days = 3.1
|Jun precipitation days = 7.4
|Jul precipitation days = 10.4
|Aug precipitation days = 8.6
|Sep precipitation days = 3.9
|Oct precipitation days = 2.1
|Nov precipitation days = 1.9
|Dec precipitation days = 1.5
|year precipitation days = 45.1
|Jan humidity = 73.5
|Feb humidity = 69.3
|Mar humidity = 61.6
|Apr humidity = 47.5
|May humidity = 46.3
|Jun humidity = 55.9
|Jul humidity = 60.1
|Aug humidity = 58.0
|Sep humidity = 53.9
|Oct humidity = 55.0
|Nov humidity = 64.5
|Dec humidity = 71.1
|year humidity = 59.7
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Mongolia/CSV/Muren_44231.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 20, 2024}}</ref>Starlings Roost Weather<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/worldclimate/graphs.php?climate=9120&code=44231
|title= MUREN Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date= 3 January 2025}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1780-1941-2023.php
| title = Station Mörön
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 10 October 2018}}</ref>
|date=August 2014}}

== Notable buildings ==
* There were 60 temples and monasteries in Mörön at the end of the 19th century. Möröngiin Chüree Khiid Monastery in which about 2,500 monks were living was the most important one. It was famous for its ''Tsam'' dances. In 1937, however, the monasteries and temples of Mörön were all destroyed by order of the then president [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]], like everywhere in Mongolia. Danzadardscha Khiid, a small new monastery, was built in a traditional style in the western part of Mörön in June 1990, and 40 monks are living there.<ref>Michael Kohn: ''Mongolia'', p. 150. London 2008.</ref> Several [[stupa]]s and a tall Buddha statue were also built around it.
* The municipal theatre and the post office are on the southern and southwestern edges of the large Central Square. Opposite, the Town Hall which was built in a typical socialist style, is worth a look as well. In the middle of the square, an equestrian statue was erected as a monument for [[Chingunjav]], the leader of a local rebellion against the [[Qing dynasty]], in 2010. This statue replaced an older monument for Davaadorj (see below).
* The monument for Davaadorj, a Mongolian border guard from Khövsgöl who was killed in a skirmish on the Khovd/Xinjiang border in 1948, has been moved to the compound of the border troops, around 300 m northeast of the Central Square.
* Another sightworthy memorial was erected in front of the airport: Khainzangiin [[Gelenkhüü]] (''Хайнзангийн Гэлэнхүү''; 1870–1938), a Buddhist monk who tried to fly with wings made of sheep leather near the town of [[Jargalant, Khövsgöl|Jargalant]] in the 1930s.<ref>Michael Kohn: ''Mongolia'', p. 163. London 2008.</ref>
* The Aimag Museum, founded in 1949, is halfway between Central Square and the Wrestlers' Stadium. It shows about 4000 objects, e.g., are traditional clothes and other items of minorities living in Khövsgöl Aimag.<ref>Marion Wisotzki: ''Mongolei'', p. 232. Berlin 2010.</ref>
* The Wrestlers' Stadium is an interesting modern building in the eastern part of the town. In front of it, a memorial was erected to honour three famous wrestlers stemming from Mörön. A special park for children was laid out opposite the stadium.

<gallery>
 File:Mörön AIrport.jpg|Airport
 File:Gelenhuu.jpg|Gelenkhüü Memorial in front of the airport
 File:MörönHauptplatz.jpg|Central Square with [[Chingunjav]] Memorial
 File:MörönMuseum.jpg|Museum
 File:MörönTownHall.jpg|Town Hall
 File:MörönPostOffice.jpg|Post Office
 File:MörönMonastery.jpg|Danzadardscha Khiid Monastery
 File:MörönStatue.jpg|Buddha statue at the monastery
 File:MörönStadium.jpg|Wrestlers' Stadium
 File:MörönMemorial.jpg|Wrestlers' Memorial
</gallery>

== Museum ==
[[File:Mörön Public Library and Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Museum of Khövsgöl Province]]]]
The first department to explore the local area was established in 1949 in order to have historical and ethnographic exhibits. As a result of the collection of antique books and geological samples, the first building foundations were laid to explore the local area. In 1967, it eventually became the [[Museum of Khövsgöl Province]] to research the local area and grew the collection to include approximately 1000 exhibits and artifacts. In 1987, a zoo was constructed and opened its doors next to the museum. The zoo showed people wild animals, birds, and local breeds of livestock. In 2010, the museum was reorganized and currently [[Khövsgöl province]]'s local history museum operates with 13 employees, 3 halls, consisting of 3693 exhibits and artifacts from 1860 locations. In the museum, rare and valuable exhibits are included. For instance, 108 tomes of Ganjuur (also known as Kanjur) scripture, mammoth tusks, a meteor that weighs about 52.5 kilograms, as well as a flint gun and sword of [[Chingunjav]] who was the [[Khalkha]] prince ruler of the [[Khotogoid]] among other historical and ethnographic artifacts.

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Mörön}}
{{Commons category-inline|Mörön}}

{{Districts of Khövsgöl}}
{{Provincial capitals of Mongolia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moron}}
[[Category:Mörön, Khövsgöl| ]]