View source for MP/M

{{Primary sources|date=January 2009}}
{{Redirect|Network I/O System|the Network Basic Input/Output System|NetBIOS}}
{{short description|Discontinued family of computer operating systems}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
{{anchor|XIOS|XDOS|TMP|RSP}}<!-- Parked anchor here for later expansion. Linked to from redirects -->
{{Infobox OS
| name = MP/M
| screenshot =
| caption =
| developer = [[Digital Research|Digital Research, Inc.]] / [[Tom Rolander]],<ref name="itchc"/><ref name="IEEE_2014"/><ref name="Shustek_2016"/><ref name="Kildall_1993"/> [[Gary Kildall]], Frank Holsworth<!-- Francis R. Holsworth --><ref name="Wein_2002"/><ref name="Holsworth_2006"/>
| family = [[CP/M]]
| source_model = Originally [[closed source]], since [[Open-source software|open sourced]]
| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel]]
| supported_platforms = [[Intel 8080|8080]], [[Intel 8085|8085]], [[Zilog Z80|Z80]], [[Intel 8086|8086]], [[Intel 80286|80286]]
| working_state = Discontinued
| released = {{Start date and age|1979|||df=yes}}<ref name="mpm1"/><ref name="MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec"/>
| latest_release_version = 2.1
| latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|1982|||df=yes}}
| preceded_by = [[CP/M]], [[CP/M-86]] 
| succeeded_by = [[Concurrent CP/M]], [[Concurrent CP/M-86]]
| marketing_target = 
| language = [[English language|English]]
| ui = [[Command-line interface]]
| license = Originally [[proprietary software|proprietary]], now [[BSD licenses|BSD]]-like
| website = {{URL|http://www.cpm.z80.de/}}
}}
'''MP/M''' ('''Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program'''<ref name="MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec"/>) is a discontinued multi-user version of the [[CP/M]] [[operating system]], created by [[Digital Research]] developer [[Tom Rolander]] in 1979.<ref name="itchc"/><ref name="mpm1"/><ref name="MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec"/><ref name="Evans_2004"/><ref name="IEEE_2014"/><ref name="Shustek_2016"/><ref name="Kildall_1993"/> It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each using a separate [[computer terminal|terminal]].

MP/M was a fairly advanced operating system for its era, at least on [[microcomputer]]s. It included a priority-scheduled [[computer multitasking|multitasking]] [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]] (before such a name was used, the kernel was referred to as the ''nucleus'') with memory protection, concurrent [[input/output]] ('''XIOS''') and support for spooling and queueing. It also allowed for each user to run multiple programs, and switch between them.

==MP/M platforms==
==={{anchor|MP/M I|1.0|1.1|MP/M II|2.0|2.1}}MP/M-80===
<!-- This section may be linked to from inside or outside this article. Do not rename without keeping in sync. -->
The 8-bit system required a [[8080]] (or [[Z80]]) CPU and a minimum of 32&nbsp;[[Kilobyte|KB]] of [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] to run, but this left little memory for user applications. In order to support reasonable setups, MP/M allowed for memory to be switched in and out of the machine's "real memory" area. So for instance a program might be loaded into a "bank" of RAM that was not addressable by the [[Central processing unit|CPU]], and when it was time for the program to run that bank of RAM would be "switched" to appear in low memory (typically the lower 32 or 48&nbsp;KB) and thus become visible to the OS. This technique, known as [[bank switching]] was subsequently added to the single user version of CP/M with version 3.0.

One of the primary uses of MP/M, perhaps to the surprise of DRI, was as a "power user" version of CP/M for a single user. The ability to run several programs at the same time and address large amounts of memory made the system worth the extra price.

'''MP/M II 2.0''' added file sharing capabilities in 1981,<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982"/><ref name="MP/M_II_1981_UG"/><ref name="MP/M_II_1981_PG"/> '''MP/M II 2.1''' came with extended file locking in January 1982.<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982"/>

Versions:
* MP/M 1.0 (1979)<ref name="MP/M_1981"/>
* MP/M 1.1<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982"/> (January 1980)
* MP/M II 2.0 (July 1981,<ref name="MP/M_II_1981_UG"/><ref name="MP/M_II_1981_PG"/> added: file sharing)<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982"/>
* MP/M II 2.1 (January 1982, added: extended file locking)<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982"/>

==={{anchor|CCP/M|CCP/M-86}}MP/M-86===
<!-- This section may be linked to from inside or outside this article. Do not rename without keeping in sync. -->
Like CP/M, MP/M was eventually ported to the 16-bit [[Intel 8086]], and appeared as '''MP/M-86 2.0''' in September 1981.<ref name="DRI_1981_MP/M-86"/><ref name="MP/M_1981_UG"/><ref name="MP/M-86_1981_PG"/> Main developers of the system include Francis "Frank" R. Holsworth<!-- born 19??-09-04 https://amaus.net/static/S100/software/DRI/Digital%20Dialogue/03x04%20198408%20Digital%20Dialogue.pdf (using [[siglum]] FRH -->,<ref name="Wein_2002"/><ref name="Holsworth_2006"/> later a director of marketing at Digital Research. Known revisions of MP/M-86 2.0 were dated 25 September 1981 and 5 October 1981. There also was an '''MP/M-86 2.1''' dated 20 July 1982.<ref name="MP/M-86_2.1"/>

MP/M-86 2.1 absorbed some of the technology of [[CP/M-86 1.1]] (BDOS 2.2) to become '''Concurrent CP/M-86''' 3.0<ref group="nb" name="NB_CCPM"/> (BDOS 3.0) in late 1982,<ref name="Kildall_1982_8-bit"/> which also added support for "virtual screens".<ref name="Kildall_1982_8-bit"/> [[Kathryn Strutynski]], the project manager for CP/M-86, continued as project manager for Concurrent CP/M-86. In December 1983,<ref name="DRI_1984_PCMODE"/> a DOS emulator named [[PC-MODE]] became available as an optional module for Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1), shipping on 21 February 1984,<ref name="DRI_1984_CCPM31"/><!-- TBD. To be verified that this actually refers to CCP/M-86 3.1, not CCP/M-80 3.1. --> and the system was further developed into the [[MS-DOS]] compatible [[Concurrent DOS]] (BDOS 3.1 and higher).<ref name="DRI_1984_CDOS31"/> This in turn continued to evolve into [[FlexOS]] and [[Multiuser DOS]] and as such is still in use in some industrial applications.

Concurrent CP/M is often abbreviated '''CCP/M'''.<ref>
[https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102762505 "CCP/M articles in the press"].
</ref>

{{See also|Multiuser DOS#Concurrent CP/M-86{{!}}Concurrent CP/M-86|Concurrent DOS}}

===MP/M 8-16===
<!-- This section may be linked to from inside or outside this article. Do not rename without keeping in sync. -->
'''MP/M 8-16''' (sometimes also referred to as ''MP/M-8/16''<ref name="Kildall_1982_8-bit"/>) was [[CompuPro]]'s name for a combination of the multi-user 16-bit MP/M-86 to perform single-user, single-stream CP/M functions, along with multi-user, multi-tasking 8-bit MP/M operations<ref name="Kildall_1982_8-bit"/> running on the [[multi-processor]] {{ill|CompuPro System 816|sr|Compupro System 816}}.<ref name="Compupro816"/> Later on, this system was also able to run [[Concurrent DOS 3.1]].
{{SeeAlso|CP/M 8-16|CP/M-86/80|Concurrent CP/M-86/80}}

===MP/M-286===
<!-- This section may be linked to from inside or outside this article. Do not rename without keeping in sync. -->
In 1982, Digital Research announced plans to develop '''MP/M-286''' to take advantage of the 16-bit [[Intel 80286]]'s new memory management and protection features to run existing MP/M-86 and CP/M-86 applications.<ref name="Swaine_1982_MPM286"/> This was apparently never published "as is", but was further developed into [[Concurrent CP/M-286]],<ref name="Bidmead_1985_CCPM286"/> which seems to have formed the basis for the later [[Concurrent DOS 286]] in 1985<ref name="Bidmead_1985_CCPM286"/> and [[FlexOS 286]] in 1986.
{{SeeAlso|Concurrent CP/M-286|Concurrent DOS 286}}

==Commands==
The following list of [[command (computing)|commands]] are supported by the MP/M II Console Command Processor CCP:<ref name="MP/M_II_1982_UG"/>

{{div col|colwidth=9em}}
* ABORT
* ATTACH
* [[Assembler (computing)|ASM]]
* CONSOLE
* [[DDT (CP/M command)|DDT]]
* [[DIR (CP/M command)|DIR]]
* DSKRESET
* DUMP
* ED
* ERA
* ERAQ
* GENHEX
* GENMOD
* GENSYS
* LIB
* LINK
* LOAD
* MPMLDR
* MPMSTAT
* [[PIP (CP/M command)|PIP]]
* PRINTER
* PRLCOM
* RDT
* [[REN (CP/M command)|REN]]
* RMAC
* SCHED
* SDIR
* SET
* SHOW
* SPOOL
* STAT
* STOPSPL
* SUBMIT
* TOD
* [[TYPE (CP/M command)|TYPE]]
* USER
* XREF
{{div col end}}

=={{anchor|CP/NET|CP/NOS|MP/NET|MP/NOS|NIOS|SNIOS|NDOS}}CP/NET, CP/NOS, MP/NET and MP/NOS ==
In the early 1980s Digital Research also developed networking software named CP/NET used to connect an MP/M server with multiple CP/NET clients (named requesters) running CP/M.<ref name="Kildall_1981_CP/M"/> It was originally developed by Tom Rolander.<ref name="IEEE_2014"/>

MP/NET was an MP/M system with networking allowing the MP/M system to function as both requester and server with CP/M requesters.<ref name="Kildall_1981_CP/M"/>

The CP/NET clients could also be run in a diskless configuration with the system stored in ROM, then named CP/NOS (with NOS for Network Operating System). Similar, MP/NOS contained MP/M without local disk facilities. Like CP/NOS, MP/NOS performed the disk functions through the network.<ref name="Kildall_1981_CP/M"/>

The system allowed to share files and printers and send electronic messages.

* NIOS – Network I/O System<ref name="CP/NET_1982"/>
* SNIOS – Slave Network I/O System<ref name="CP/NET_1982"/>
* NDOS – Network Disk Operating System<ref name="CP/NET_1982"/>

CP/NET existed in versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 in versions for 8080 and Z80 processors. CP/NET-86 for 8086 was available as well.

Later incarnations were [[DR Net]] and [[FlexNet (Novell)|FlexNet]].

==Legacy==
[[Caldera (company)|Caldera]] permitted the redistribution and modification of all original Digital Research files, including source code, related to the CP/M and MP/M families through [[Tim Olmstead (CP/M)|Tim Olmstead]]'s "The Unofficial CP/M Web site" since 1997.<ref name="Olmstead_1997_1"/><ref name="Olmstead_1997_2"/><ref name="Caldera_1997_CP/M"/> After Olmstead's death on 12 September 2001,<ref name="Olmstead_2001_Death"/> the free distribution license was refreshed and expanded by [[Lineo]], who had meanwhile become the owner of those Digital Research assets, on 19 October 2001.<ref name="Sparks_2001_CP/M"/><ref name="Chaudry_2001_CP/M"/><ref name="Gasperson_2001_Collection"/><ref name="Swaine_2004_CP/M"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="nb"|refs=
<ref group="nb" name="NB_CCPM">Since there was apparently no 8-bit version of Concurrent CP/M, the 16-bit version Concurrent CP/M-86 was also referred to simply as Concurrent CP/M.{{clarify|date=January 2020|reason=This still needs better proof.|}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|40em|refs=
<ref name="MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec">{{cite web |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |type=internal specification |title=MP/M 1.0 - A Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program for Microcomputer System Development - FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION |date=1979-08-09 |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_I/MPM_1.0_Specification_Aug79.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104212946/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_I/MPM_1.0_Specification_Aug79.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Shustek_2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/ |title=In His Own Words: Gary Kildall |author-first=Len |author-last=Shustek |date=2016-08-02 |work=Remarkable People |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Kildall_1993">{{cite book |orig-year=1993 |date=2016-08-02 |title=Computer Connections: People, Places, and Events in the Evolution of the Personal Computer Industry |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Kildall |editor-first1=Scott |editor-last1=Kildall |editor-link=Scott Kildall |editor-first2=Kristin |editor-last2=Kildall |publisher=Kildall Family |type=Manuscript, part 1 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/computer-history-museum-license-agreement-for-the-kildall-manuscript/ |access-date=2016-11-17 <!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161117231531/http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/computer-history-museum-license-agreement-for-the-kildall-manuscript/ http://s3data.computerhistory.org/kildall-p.1-78-publishable-lowres.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117232745/http://s3data.computerhistory.org/kildall-p.1-78-publishable-lowres.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=2016-11-17 -->}}</ref>
<ref name="itchc">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=events&id=1816 |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |series=Information Technology Corporate Histories Collection |title=Catalog Search &#124; Computer History Museum }}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1981_MP/M-86">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M-86 Operating System - System Guide |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |orig-year=September 1981 |date=October 1981 |edition=corrected 1st |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm86sg.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104172741/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04<!--http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf -->}}</ref>
<ref name="Evans_2004">{{cite book |author-first1=Harold |author-last1=Evans |author-link1=Harold Evans |author-first2=Gail |author-last2=Buckland |author-first3=David |author-last3=Lefer |author-link3=David Lefer |date=2004 |title=They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Co.]] |isbn=978-0-316-27766-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/theymadeamericaf00evan }}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M_1981_UG">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M-86 Operating System - User's Guide |date=1981-09-25 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM-86_Users_Guide_Sep81.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104172228/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM-86_Users_Guide_Sep81.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2017 }}</ref>
<ref name="mpm1">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M - Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program - User's Guide |date=July 1981 |orig-year=1979 |edition=4 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm1ug01.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104231702/http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm1ug01.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2017 }}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M-86_1981_PG">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M-86 Operating System - Programmer's Guide |date=September 1981 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM86_pgmr_Sep81.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104211018/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM86_pgmr_Sep81.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M_II_1981_UG">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M II Operating System - User's Guide |date=August 1981 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_User_Guide_1981.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104230718/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_User_Guide_1981.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M_II_1982_UG">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M II Operating System - User's Guide |date=August 1982 |edition=2 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm2ug.pdf |access-date=2020-01-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020124021/http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm2ug.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M_II_1981_PG">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M II Operating System - Programmer's Guide |date=1981 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_Programmers_Guide_1981.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104230836/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_Programmers_Guide_1981.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="MP/M-86_2.1">{{cite web |title=MP/M-86 2.1 disk contents |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/mpm86-21.zip |access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_PCMODE">{{cite journal |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |date=1984 |title=PC-Mode bridges CP/M and PC&nbsp;DOS |journal=Digital Dialogue - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc. |volume=3 |number=1 |page=3 |url=http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008 |access-date=2017-01-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104174356/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf<!-- http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf --> |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_CCPM31">{{cite journal |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |date=1984 |title=Concurrent CP/M ships early in response to team effort |journal=Digital Dialogue - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc. |volume=3 |number=1 |page=1 |url=http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008 |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104183231/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf<!-- http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf --> |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_CDOS31">{{cite journal |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=Concurrent DOS bridges PC&nbsp;DOS, CP/M |journal=Digital Research News - for Digital Research Users Everywhere |volume=4 |number=2 |page=3 |date=May 1984 |quote=[…] "Concurrent DOS Release 3.1 is rapidly gaining momentum and support from a wide range of microcomputer manufacturers," Wandryk said. "Some 60 hardware companies have licensed the product since it was released in early March." […]}}</ref>
<ref name="CP/NET_1982">{{cite book |title=CP/NET - Network Operating System - Reference Manual |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |edition=5 |date=November 1982 |orig-year=1980 |url=http://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/z80pack/cpnet/cpnet.htm |access-date=2016-11-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124221147/http://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/z80pack/cpnet/cpnet.htm |archive-date=2016-11-24}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982">{{citation |title=MP/M II Operating System Release 2.1 Release Notes |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |location=Pacific Grove, CA, USA |date=January 1982 |url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_digitalReseleaseNotes1982_1174682 |access-date=2017-01-04 }} [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPMII_2.1_RelNotes.pdf<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20170104232551/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPMII_2.1_RelNotes.pdf -->] [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_2.1_Release_Notes_1982.pdf<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20170104232556/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_2.1_Release_Notes_1982.pdf -->]</ref>
<ref name="MP/M_1981">{{cite book |author=Digital Research |author-link=Digital Research |title=MP/M - Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program - User's Guide |date=March 1981 |edition=3 |orig-year=1979 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_Users_Guide_Mar81.pdf |access-date=2017-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104225713/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_Users_Guide_Mar81.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Kildall_1981_CP/M">{{cite journal |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Arlen Kildall |title=CP/M: A Family of 8-and 16-Bit Operating Systems |journal=[[BYTE]] |date=June 1981 |url=http://www.digitalresearch.biz/GARY&CPM.HTM |access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
<ref name="Olmstead_1997_1">{{cite newsgroup |author-first=Tim |author-last=Olmstead |author-link=Tim Olmstead (CP/M) |title=CP/M Web site needs a host |date=1997-08-10 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901022510/http://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html |archive-date=2017-09-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Olmstead_1997_2">{{cite newsgroup |author-first=Tim |author-last=Olmstead |author-link=Tim Olmstead (CP/M) |title=ANNOUNCE: Caldera CP/M site is now up |date=1997-08-29 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901150920/http://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm |archive-date=2017-09-01}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20011006110826/http://cdl.uta.edu/cpm]</ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1997_CP/M">{{cite web |title=License Agreement |publisher=[[Caldera, Inc.]] |date=1997-08-28 |url=http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908191417/http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html |archive-date=8 September 2018 |access-date=9 September 2018 }} [ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/README.license.txt]{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="Olmstead_2001_Death">{{cite newsgroup |title=Tim Olmstead |author=Allison |date=2001-09-12 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.cpm/jESCg1Nt6GQ/MiR-UcFqhecJ}}</ref>
<ref name="Sparks_2001_CP/M">{{cite web |title=License agreement for the CP/M material presented on this site |author-first=Bryan Wayne |author-last=Sparks |author-link=Bryan Wayne Sparks |editor-first=Gabriele "Gaby" |editor-last=Chaudry |date=2001-10-19 |publisher=[[Lineo, Inc.]] |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908185132/http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html |archive-date=8 September 2018 |quote=[…] Let this email represent a right to use, distribute, modify, enhance and otherwise make available in a nonexclusive manner the CP/M technology as part of the "Unofficial CP/M Web Site" with its maintainers, developers and community. I further state that as Chairman and CEO of [[Lineo, Inc.]] that I have the right to do offer such a license. […] [[Bryan Wayne Sparks|Bryan Sparks]] […] |access-date=9 September 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="Chaudry_2001_CP/M">{{cite web |title=The Unofficial CP/M Web Site |editor-first=Gabriele "Gaby" |editor-last=Chaudry |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184144/http://www.cpm.z80.de/ |archive-date=2016-02-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Gasperson_2001_Collection">{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/ |title=CP/M collection is back online with an Open Source licence - Walk down memory lane |author-first=Tina |author-last=Gasperson |work=[[The Register]] |date=2001-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901000720/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/ |archive-date=2017-09-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Swaine_2004_CP/M">{{cite journal |title=CP/M and DRM |author-first=Michael |author-last=Swaine |author-link=Michael Swaine (technical author) |date=2004-06-01 |journal=[[Dr. Dobb's Journal]] |volume=29 |issue=6 |id=<!-- |number= -->#361 |publisher=[[CMP Media LLC]] |pages=71–73 |url=http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699 |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035748/http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699 |archive-date=2018-09-09}} [https://epdf.pub/dr-dobbs-journal-june.html]</ref>
<ref name="Wein_2002">{{cite web |title=Gary Kildall in England |author-first=Josef "Joe" |author-last=Wein |date=2002 |url=https://joewein.de/gary.html |access-date=2019-04-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010811/https://joewein.de/gary.html |archive-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Holsworth_2006">{{cite web |title=Video: Frank Holsworth, developer |author-first=Francis "Frank" R. |author-last=Holsworth |date=2006-02-01 |id={{CHMID|102770341}}. ITCHP 44403c1a3fd53. Lot Number X7847.2017 |type=interview |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |series=Information Technology Corporate Histories Collection |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/02/102770341-02-01-acc.wmv |access-date=2019-04-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403232808/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/02/102770341-02-01-acc.wmv |archive-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>
<ref name="IEEE_2014">{{cite web |title=IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing - CP/M - Microcomputer Operating System, 1974 |date=2014-04-25 |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |url=http://lazowska.cs.washington.edu/CPM_Program.pdf |access-date=2019-04-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403013355/http://lazowska.cs.washington.edu/CPM_Program.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Kildall_1982_8-bit">{{cite journal |title=Running 8-bit software on dual-processor computers |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Arlen Kildall |journal=[[Electronic Design]] |date=1982-09-16 |page=157 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2017-08-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819183737/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name="Compupro816">{{cite web |url=http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=651&st=1 |website=oldcomputers.com |title=Compupro 8/16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103062455/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=651 |archive-date=2016-01-03 |access-date=2011-07-13}}</ref>
<ref name="Swaine_1982_MPM286">{{cite journal |title=Homebrew Computer Club views Intel's superchip |author-first=Michael |author-last=Swaine |author-link=Michael Swaine (technical author) |date=1982-04-05 |journal=[[InfoWorld]] |volume=4 |number=13 |location=Palo Alto, CA, USA |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4 |access-date=2020-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223947/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |quote=[…] [[Digital Research]] is producing an operating system for the [[Intel 80286|286]]. MP/M-286 will take advantage of the processor's memory management and protection and virtual memory support. Digital Research is promising "complete" compatibility with its MP/M-86 and [[CP/M-86]] for the [[Intel 8086|8086]] processor. [[Intel]] is supplying Digital Research with the hardware to develop and test MP/M-286. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Bidmead_1985_CCPM286">{{cite journal |title=Surviving Big Blue |author-first=Christopher H. |author-last=Bidmead |author-link=Christopher H. Bidmead |date=2006-05-09 |orig-year=1985-03-25 |series=Which Computer? |journal=[[Doctor Who (magazine)|Doctor Who]] |url=http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223658/http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html |archive-date=2020-01-07 |quote=[…] Paul Bailey of [[Digital Research]] keenly promotes this approach; it is his company that is supplying [[International Computers Limited|ICL]] and others with [[Concurrent DOS 286|Concurrent Dos-286]]. This chameleon operating system allows ICL and other [[Intel 80286|80286]] manufacturers to build machines that will be able to cope with all the existing body of IBM-PC software -- and at the same time promise multi-tasking, windowing and true concurrency, three features that together allow a single micro to do several things at once. […] Although no firm announcements have been made, it seems certain that by the end of the year [[Applied Computer Techniques|ACT]] will be offering a [[Concurrent CP/M-286|Concurrent CP/M 286]] machine to fuel its drive into the corporate market. But by this time it will have to contend with [[IBM]]'s own 80286 office micro, the PC/AT. […] IBM also have a software product in the offing that could pull the rug out from under the Concurrent contenders. Some 180K in size, [[TopView]] is a program for IBM PC's and AT's that beefs up the operating system to provide windowing facilities for existing 'well behaved' standard packages. […]}}</ref>
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{{Digital Research}}
{{Disk operating systems}}

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