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{{short description|Scriptural hymn of Mary in the Christian tradition}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Domenico ghirlandaio, visitazione, 1491, da cappella di lorenzo tornabuoni in s.m. maddalena de' pazzi a fi, 02.JPG|thumb|''[[Visitation (Ghirlandaio)|Visitation]]'', by [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] (1491), depicts Mary visiting her elderly cousin [[Elizabeth (biblical figure)|Elizabeth]].]]
{{Mariology}}
{{Catholic Mariology sidebar|expanded=Prayers}}
The '''Magnificat''' ([[Latin]] for "[My soul] magnifies [the Lord]") is a [[canticle]], also known as the '''Song of Mary''' or '''Canticle of Mary''', and in the [[Byzantine Rite]] as the '''Ode of the Theotokos''' ({{Langx|el|Ἡ ᾨδὴ τῆς Θεοτόκου}}). Its Western name derives from the [[incipit]] of its Latin text. This most popular of all canticles is used within the [[Christian liturgy|liturgies]] of the [[Catholic Church]], the Eastern Orthodox Church, the [[Lutheran Church]] and the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref name="Britannica"/>

The text of the canticle is taken from the [[Gospel of Luke]] ({{bibleverse|Luke|1:46–55|4=1:46–55}}) where it is spoken by [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] upon the occasion of her [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] to her cousin [[Elizabeth (biblical figure)|Elizabeth]].{{sfn|Breed|2009|p=17}} In the narrative, after Mary greets Elizabeth, who is pregnant with [[John the Baptist]], the latter moves within Elizabeth's womb. Elizabeth praises Mary for her [[Faith in Christianity|faith]] (using words partially reflected in the [[Hail Mary]]), and Mary responds with what is now known as the Magnificat. Some ancient authorities have Elizabeth, rather than Mary, speaking the Magnificat.{{sfn|National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America|2021|loc=Footnote to Luke 1:46}}{{sfn|Kloha|2014|pp=200-219}}

The Magnificat is one of the eight most ancient Christian [[hymn]]s and perhaps the earliest [[Hymns to Mary|Marian hymn]].{{sfn|Breed|2009|p=17}}{{sfn|Reeves|2006|pp=3-5}}  Within the whole of Christianity, the canticle is most frequently recited within the [[Liturgy of the Hours]]. In [[Western Christianity]], the Magnificat is most often sung or recited during the main evening prayer service: [[Vespers]]<ref name="Britannica"/> in the Catholic and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches, and [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evening Prayer]] (or Evensong) in [[Anglicanism]]. The traditional form is found the ''[[Book of Common Prayer (1662)]]'' and in ''[[Common Worship]]'',<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 2000|title= Common Worship: Services and Prayers for the Church of England|url= |location= London|publisher= Church House Publishing|page= 76|isbn= 0-7151-2000-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/common-material/canticles-main-3#na|title= Magnificat|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= churchofengland.org|publisher= |access-date= December 17, 2023|quote=}}</ref> as well as the ''[[Book of Common Prayer (1928, United States)|Book of Common Prayer (1928)]]'' and ''[[Book of Common Prayer (1979)]]'' of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)]].<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 1928|title= Book of Common Prayer|url= |location= New York|publisher= The Church Pension Fund|page= 26|isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 1979|title= The Book of Common Prayer According to the use of The Episcopal Church|url= |location= New York|publisher= Church Hymnal Corp.|page= 50 (Morning Prayer), 65 (Evening Prayer)|isbn= 0-89869-080-3}}</ref> In [[Eastern Christianity]], the Magnificat is always sung at [[Matins]]. The Magnificat may also be sung during worship services, especially in the [[Advent]] season during which these verses are traditionally read.

==Context==
Mary's Magnificat, recorded only in Luke's Gospel, is one of four hymns, distilled from a collection of early Jewish-Christian canticles, which complement the promise-fulfillment theme of Luke's [[Nativity of Jesus|infancy narrative]]. These songs are Mary's Magnificat; Zechariah's [[Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)|Benedictus]] (1:67–79); the angels' [[Gloria in excelsis Deo|''Gloria in Excelsis Deo'']] (2:13–14); and Simeon's {{lang|la|[[Nunc dimittis]]|italic=no}} (2:28–32). In form and content, these four canticles are patterned on the "hymns of praise" in Israel's [[Psalter]]. In structure, these songs reflect the compositions of pre-Christian contemporary Jewish hymnology. The first stanza displays graphically a characteristic feature of Hebrew poetry—synonymous parallelism—in ascribing praise to God: "my soul" mirrors "my spirit"; "proclaims the greatness" with "has found gladness"; "of the Lord" with "in God my Savior". The balance of the opening two lines bursts out into a dual ''Magnificat'' of declaring the greatness of and finding delight in God. The third stanza again demonstrates parallelism, but in this instance, three contrasting parallels: the proud are reversed by the low estate, the mighty by those of low degree, and the rich by the hungry.<ref name=casey />

Although there is some scholarly discussion of whether the historical Mary herself actually proclaimed this canticle, Luke portrays her as the singer of this song of reversals and the interpreter of the contemporary events taking place. Mary symbolizes both [[Israelites|ancient Israel]] and the Lucan faith-community as the author/singer of the ''Magnificat''.<ref name=casey /> [[Adolf von Harnack]] argued in 1900 that Luke 1:46 should be read as "And Elizabeth said ..." in accordance with several ancient readings. Jeffrey Kloha notes that "few commentaries and no editions of the Greek New Testament produced in the last half-century concur with his judgment", although he maintains there is a case for accepting the attribution to Elizabeth.{{sfn|Kloha|2014|pp=200-219}}

The canticle echoes several biblical passages, but the most pronounced allusions are to the [[Song of Hannah]], from the [[Books of Samuel]] ({{bibleverse|1 Samuel|2:1–10}}). Scriptural echoes from the [[Torah]], the [[Nevi'im|Prophets]], and the [[Ketuvim|Writings]] complement the main allusions to Hannah's "magnificat of rejoicing".<ref name=casey /> Along with the ''[[Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)|Benedictus]]'', as well as several Old Testament canticles, the ''Magnificat'' is included in the [[Book of Odes (Bible)|Book of Odes]], an ancient liturgical collection found in some manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

As with other canticles and psalms, Western liturgical tradition usually adds the doxology known as [[Gloria Patri]] to the end of the Magnificat. This is not found in the original text.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Structure==
In a style reminiscent of [[Old Testament]] [[poetry]] and [[song]], Mary praises the Lord in alignment with this structure:

#Mary rejoices that she has the privilege of giving birth to the promised Messiah ({{bibleverse|Luke|1:46–48}}).
#She glorifies God for His power, holiness, and mercy ({{bibleverse|Luke|1:49–50}}).
#Mary looks forward to God transforming the world through the Messiah. The proud will be brought low, and the humble will be lifted up; the hungry will be fed, and the rich will go without ({{bibleverse|Luke|1:51–53}}).
#Mary exalts God because He has been faithful to His promise to Abraham ({{bibleverse|Luke|1:54–55}}; see God's promise to Abraham in {{bibleverse|Gen|12:1-3}}).<ref name=Lexham />

==Text==

===Latin and Anglican translation===
{| class=wikitable
![[Vulgate]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke+1%3A46-55&version=VULGATE | title=Luke 1:46-55 VULGATE - - Bible Gateway }}</ref>
!''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' (1662)
|-
|
: Magnificat anima mea Dominum;
: et exsultavit spiritus meus in Deo salutari meo,
: quia respexit humilitatem ancillae suae;
: Ecce enim ex hoc beatam me dicent omnes generationes.

: quia fecit mihi magna, qui potens est, et sanctum nomen eius,
: Et misericordia eius a progenie in progenies timentibus eum.
: Fecit potentiam in brachio suo;
: dispersit superbos mente cordis sui;

: deposuit potentes de sede, et exaltavit humiles;
: esurientes implevit bonis
: et divites dimisit inanes.
: Suscepit Israel puerum suum, recordatus misericordiae suae, 
: sicut locutus est ad patres nostros,
: Abraham et semini eius in saecula.
<small>''The [[Gloria Patri]] is appended to the canticle but is not part of Luke's Gospel.''</small>
: Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,
: sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper: et in Saecula saeculorum. Amen.<ref name=vatican1 />
|
: My soul doth magnify the Lord.
: And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour.
: For he hath regarded: the lowliness of his handmaiden: For behold, from henceforth: all generations shall call me blessed.

: For he that is mighty hath magnified me: and holy is his Name.
: And his mercy is on them that fear him: throughout all generations.
: He hath shewed strength with his arm: he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

: He hath put down the mighty from their seat: and hath exalted the humble and meek.
: He hath filled the hungry with good things: and the rich he hath sent empty away.
: He remembering his mercy hath holpen his servant Israel:
: As he promised to our forefathers, Abraham and his seed for ever.
<small>''The [[Gloria Patri]] is appended to the canticle, but is not part of Luke's Gospel.''</small>
: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son: and to the Holy Ghost;
: As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be: world without end. Amen.
|}

[[File:Church of the Visitation IMG 0651.JPG|right|upright|thumb|Translations of the ''Magnificat'' into various languages at the Church of the Visitation in [[Ein Karem]]]]

===Catholic translation===
'''Traditional'''
: My soul doth magnify the Lord,
: And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour
: Because He hath regarded the humility of his handmaid: for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.
: Because He that is mighty hath done great things to me, and holy is His name.
: And His mercy is from generation unto generations to them that fear Him.
: He hath shewed might in His arm: He hath scattered the proud in the conceit of their heart.
: He hath put down the mighty from their seat, and hath exalted the humble.
: He hath filled the hungry with good things, and the rich He hath sent empty away.
: He hath received Israel His servant, being mindful of His mercy.
: As He spoke to our fathers; to Abraham and his seed forever.

: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
: As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.<ref name= divinumofficium />

'''Modern'''
: My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord,
: my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,
: for He has looked with favor on His humble servant.

: From this day all generations will call me blessed,
: the Almighty has done great things for me,
: and holy is His Name.

: He has mercy on those who fear Him
: in every generation.

: He has shown the strength of his arm,
: He has scattered the proud in their conceit.

: He has cast down the mighty from their thrones,
: and has lifted up the humble.

: He has filled the hungry with good things,
: and the rich He has sent away empty.

: He has come to the help of His servant Israel
: for He has remembered his promise of mercy,
: the promise He made to our fathers,
: to Abraham and his children for ever.

: Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
: as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be for ever.
: Amen, Alleluia.<ref name=hours />

===Greek===

The oldest (likely original) version of the ''Magnificat'' was written in [[Koine Greek]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|1:46-55|SBLGNT}}</ref>

: Μεγαλύνει ἡ ψυχή μου τὸν Κύριον καὶ ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ τῷ σωτῆρί μου,
: ὅτι ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης αὐτοῦ. ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν μακαριοῦσίν με πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί,
: ὅτι ἐποίησέν μοι μεγάλα ὁ δυνατός, καὶ ἅγιον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεὰς τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν.
: Ἐποίησεν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ, διεσκόρπισεν ὑπερηφάνους διανοίᾳ καρδίας αὐτῶν·
: καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρόνων καὶ ὕψωσεν ταπεινούς, πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν καὶ πλουτοῦντας ἐξαπέστειλεν κενούς.
: ἀντελάβετο Ἰσραὴλ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ, μνησθῆναι ἐλέους, καθὼς ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν τῷ Αβραὰμ καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.

In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] worship, the ''Ode of the Theotokos'' is accompanied by the following refrain sung between the verses (a [[sticheron]]) and a [[megalynarion]], which is the second part of the ''[[Axion Estin]]'' hymn:
:Τὴν τιμιωτέραν τῶν Χερουβὶμ καὶ ἐνδοξοτέραν ἀσυγκρίτως τῶν Σεραφίμ, τὴν ἀδιαφθόρως Θεὸν Λόγον τεκοῦσαν, τὴν ὄντως Θεοτόκον, σὲ μεγαλύνομεν.
:('You who are more to be honoured than the Cherubim and incomparably more glorious than the Seraphim, you who, uncorrupted, gave birth to God the Word, in reality the God-bearer, we exalt you.')
'''Amharic'''

In the Oriental Orthodox Church Scripture of Ethiopia according to the ''Ye' Luqas Wongel,'' Gospel of Luqas (Luke):

46፤ ማርያምም እንዲህ አለች።

47፤ ነፍሴ ጌታን ታከብረዋለች፥ መንፈሴም በአምላኬ በመድኃኒቴ ሐሴት ታደርጋለች፤

48፤ የባሪያይቱን ውርደት ተመልክቶአልና። እነሆም፥ ከዛሬ ጀምሮ ትውልድ ሁሉ ብፅዕት ይሉኛል፤

49፤ ብርቱ የሆነ እርሱ በእኔ ታላቅ ሥራ አድርጎአልና፤ ስሙም ቅዱስ ነው።

50፤ ምሕረቱም ለሚፈሩት እስከ ትውልድና ትውልድ ይኖራል።

51፤ በክንዱ ኃይል አድርጎአል፤ ትዕቢተኞችን በልባቸው አሳብ በትኖአል፤

52፤ ገዥዎችን ከዙፋናቸው አዋርዶአል፤ ትሑታንንም ከፍ አድርጎአል፤

53፤ የተራቡትን በበጎ ነገር አጥግቦአል፤ ባለ ጠጎችንም ባዶአቸውን ሰዶአቸዋል።

54-55፤ ለአባቶቻችን እንደ ተናገረ፥ ለአብርሃምና ለዘሩ ለዘላለም ምሕረቱ ትዝ እያለው እስራኤልን ብላቴናውን ረድቶአል።

===Slavonic===
The translation of the hymn into [[Church Slavonic]] is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Church-Slavonic translation |url=https://www.obohu.cz/bible/index.php?slav_ru=ano&k=L&styl=SLAV&kap=1 |website=O Bohu}}</ref>

[[File:Song_of_Theotokos_in_Church_Slavic.png]]

In modern Cyrillic (Russian) :

: величит душа Моя Господа,
: и возрадовася дух Мой о Бозе Спасе Моем:
: яко призре на смирение Рабы Своея: се бо, отныне ублажат Мя вси роди:
: яко сотвори Мне величие Сильный, и свято имя Его:
: и милость Его в роды родов боящымся Его:
: сотвори державу мышцею Своею: расточи гордыя мыслию сердца их:
: Низложи сильныя со престол, и вознесе смиренныя:
: алчущыя исполни благ и богатящыяся отпусти тщы:
: восприят Израиля отрока Своего, помянути милости,
: якоже глагола ко отцем нашым, Аврааму и семени его до века.

==Liturgical use==
[[File:Folio 59v - The Visitation.jpg|thumb|The Visitation in the [[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry|Book of Hours of the Duc de Berry]]; the ''Magnificat'' in Latin]]

The text forms a part of the [[Canonical hours|daily office]] in the Catholic [[Vespers]] service, the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[Vespers in Lutheranism|Vespers]] service, and the [[Anglican]] services of [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evening Prayer]], according to both the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' and ''[[Common Worship]]''. In the ''Book of Common Prayer'' Evening Prayer service, it is usually paired with the {{lang|la|Nunc dimittis|italic=no}}. The ''Book of Common Prayer'' allows for an alternative to the ''Magnificat''—the [[Psalm 98|''Cantate Domino'', Psalm 98]]—and some Anglican rubrics allow for a wider selection of canticles, but the ''Magnificat'' and {{lang|la|Nunc dimittis|italic=no}} remain the most popular. In Anglican, Lutheran, and Catholic services, the ''Magnificat'' is generally followed by the ''[[Gloria Patri]]''. It is also commonly used among Lutherans at the [[Visitation (Christianity)|Feast of the Visitation]] (July 2).

In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] liturgical practice, the ''Magnificat'' is always sung during the [[Matins]] service before the ''[[Irmos]]'' of the ninth ode of the [[Canon (hymnography)|canon]] (except on greater feasts of the Lord or the Theotokos, where the magnificat is excluded completely). After each biblical verse, i.e. as a [[sticheron]], the following [[megalynarion]] or [[troparion]] is sung:

<blockquote>More honourable than the [[Cherub]]im, and more glorious beyond compare than the [[Seraph]]im, without corruption thou gavest birth to God the [[Logos#Christianity|Word]]: true [[Theotokos]], we magnify thee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oca.org/orthodoxy/prayers/hymn-to-the-theotokos#:~:text=It%20is%20truly%20meet%20to,True%20Theotokos%20we%20magnify%20you!|title=Hymn to the Theotokos|access-date=November 17, 2023}}</ref></blockquote>

As a canticle, the ''Magnificat'' has frequently been set to music. Most compositions were originally intended for liturgical use, especially for Vesper services and celebrations of the Visitation, but some are also performed in [[concert]].

==Indulgence==
In the Catholic Church, the ''[[Enchiridion Indulgentiarum]]'' of 2004 provides for partial [[indulgence]].<ref>''[[Enchiridion Indulgentiarum]]'', ''[https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/tribunals/apost_penit/documents/rc_trib_appen_doc_20020826_enchiridion-indulgentiarum_lt.html Concessiones]'', n°. 17 $2, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 4th edition, 2004, p. 62. {{ISBN|88-209-2785-3}}.</ref>

==Musical settings==
{{See also|List of Magnificat composers}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}

As the Magnificat is part of the sung Vespers, many composers, beginning in the [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]], set the words to music, for example [[Claudio Monteverdi]] in his ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' (1610). [[Henri Dumont|Henry Dumont]], [[André Campra]] (1713), [[Esprit Antoine Blanchard|Antoine-Esprit Blanchard]] (1741),  [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], 10 settings (H.72, H.73, H.74, H.75, H.76, H.77, H.78, H.79, H.80, H.81), [[François Giroust]] (12 settings), [[Antonio Vivaldi|Vivaldi]] composed [[Magnificat (Vivaldi)|a setting]] of the Latin text for soloists, choir, and orchestra, as did [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] in his Magnificat (1723, rev. 1733). Other notable examples include C.P.E. Bach's [[Magnificat (C. P. E. Bach)|Magnificat]] and two extant settings by [[Jan Dismas Zelenka]] (ZWV 106 is missing).

[[Anton Bruckner]] composed a [[Magnificat (Bruckner)|Magnificat]] for soloists, choir, orchestra, and organ. [[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]] and, more recently, John Rutter also composed [[Magnificat (Rutter)|a setting]], inserting additions into the text.

[[Dieter Schnebel]] wrote a Magnificat in 1996/97 for small choir (schola), percussion and additional instruments ad libitum. [[Arvo Pärt]] composed [[Magnificat (Pärt)|a setting]] for choir [[a cappella]]. [[Kim André Arnesen]]'s Magnificat for choir, strings, piano, and organ premiered in 2010.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} The [[Taizé Community]] have also composed an ostinato setting of the text.

Together with the {{lang|la|Nunc dimittis|italic=no}}, the Magnificat is a regular part of the Anglican [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evensong]]. The "Mag and Nunc" has been set by many composers – such as [[Thomas Tallis]], [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], [[Herbert Sumsion]], [[Charles Wood (composer)|Charles Wood]] and [[John Tavener]] – of [[Anglican church music]], often for choir a cappella or choir and organ. Since the canticles are sung every day at some [[cathedral]]s, [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] wrote a Magnificat in every major key, and [[Herbert Howells]] published 18 settings over his career, including the ''[[Collegium Regale]]'' setting and the ''[[Magnificat and Nunc dimittis for St Paul's Cathedral|Magnificat and Nunc dimittis]]'' for [[St Paul's Cathedral]].

An [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] setting of the Magnificat (text in Latin and English) is to be found in the 2011 ''All-night Vigil'' (Section 11) by the English composer Clive Strutt.

[[Maria Luise Thurmair]] wrote in 1954 the lyrics for a popular German [[Ecumenism|ecumenical]] hymn based on the Magnificat, "[[Den Herren will ich loben]]", set to a 1613 melody by [[Melchior Teschner]] (that of [[Valet will ich dir geben]]). [[Timothy Dudley-Smith]] wrote "[[Tell Out, My Soul]]", a popular paraphrase of the Magnificat, in 1962. [[Krzysztof Penderecki]] composed an extended [[Magnificat (Penderecki)|Magnificat]] for the 1200th anniversary of the [[Salzburg Cathedral]] in 1974, for bass soloist, men's and boys' voices, two mixed choirs and orchestra.

The oratorio ''[[Laudato si' (oratorio)|Laudato si']]'' composed in 2016 by [[Peter Reulein]] on a [[libretto]] by [[Helmut Schlegel]] includes the full Latin text of the Magnificat, expanded by writings of [[Clare of Assisi]], [[Francis of Assisi]] and [[Pope Francis]].<ref name="LS-score">{{cite book | last1 = Reulein | first1 = Peter | author-link = Peter Reulein | last2 = Schlegel | first2 = Helmut | author-link2 = Helmut Schlegel | title = Laudato si' / Ein franziskanisches Magnificat | publisher = [[Patrick Dehm|Dehm Verlag]] | location = [[Limburg an der Lahn]] | year = 2016 | isbn = 978-3-943302-34-9 | pages = 230 | ismn = 979-0-50226-047-7}}</ref>

==Society and politics==
In [[Nicaragua]], the ''Magnificat'' is a favorite prayer among many peasants and is often carried as a [[Sacramentals|sacramental]]. During the [[Somoza family|Somoza]] years, [[Peasant|''campesinos'']] were required to carry proof of having voted for Somoza; this document was mockingly referred to as a ''Magnificat''.{{sfn|Cardenal|1978|p=25}}

During the [[British Raj]], Anglican Archbishop [[William Temple (bishop)|William Temple]] joked to evangelist [[Jack Copley Winslow|Jack Winslow]], who was sympathetic to Indian independence, that singing the Magnificat would make him look even more like a revolutionary than wearing [[Khadi|home-spun Indian clothing]] already did.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Winslow |first1=Jack C |authorlink=J. C. Winslow |title=The Eyelids of the Dawn |date=1954 |publisher=[[Hodder and Stoughton]] |location=[[London]] |pages=108–109 |quote=One outward sign which made clear our sympathy with Indian nationalism was our wearing of ''[[khaddar]]'', the home-spun and home-woven cloth of the country. We did not wear it for political purposes but because we preferred Indian to foreign goods. Khaddar, however, was in fact the badge of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and his followers, and we could not wear it without conclusions being drawn as to where our political sympathies lay. Such conclusions were drawn, not only by our Indian friends, but by officials of the British Government as well. They regarded us, I fear, with not a little suspicion, specially during the days of the Civil Disobedience Movement. On occasion members of the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|C.I.D.]] would be sent to mingle among our guests. Sometimes they would attend our evening worship, perhaps expecting some address with political bearings such as Gandhi often gave at his Prayer Meetings. I mentioned this once to [[William Temple (bishop)|William Temple]]. 'Be careful,' he said, with his characteristic laugh, 'not to sing the Magnificat. It's a most revolutionary canticle!'}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[4Q521]], one of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]

==References==
===Citations===
<references>
<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magnificat|title=Magnificat|website=britannica.com|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=casey>{{cite web|last=Casey|first=Daniel|title=Mary's Magnificat|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/SFS/an1200.asp|work=Scripture from Scratch|publisher=American Catholic|access-date=18 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220121803/http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/SFS/an1200.asp|archive-date=20 December 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=Lexham>{{cite book |title=Lexham Bible Dictionary |date=2016 |publisher=Lexham Press |location=Bellingham WA |edition=Digital |url=https://www.lexhampress.com/products/36564/lexham-bible-dictionary |access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=vatican1>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_evang-lucam_lt.html#1|title=EVANGELIUM SECUNDUM LUCAM - Nova Vulgata, Novum Testamentum|website=www.vatican.va|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=divinumofficium>{{cite web|url=http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl|title=Divinum Officium|website=www.divinumofficium.com|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=hours>The Liturgy of the Hours.</ref>
</references>

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|title=The History and Use of Hymns and Hymn-Tunes|first= David R.|last=Breed |date=2009|isbn=978-1-110-47186-7}} 
*{{cite book|title=The Gospel in Solentiname|first=Ernesto |last=Cardenal |location=Maryknoll|publisher= Orbis |date= 1978}}
* {{cite CE1913|first=Hugh Thomas |last=Henry|wstitle=Magnificat|volume=9}}
*{{cite journal|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Kloha|date=2014|title=Elizabeth's Magnificat (Luke 1:46)|journal=Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott|pages=200–219|doi=10.1163/9789004273931_011|isbn=9789004273931 }}
*{{cite book|title=New Revised Standard Version, Updated Edition|date=2021|author=National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America}}
*{{cite book|title=Favourite Hymns|first=Marjorie|last= Reeves|date= 2006|publisher=A&C Black |isbn=0-8264-8097-7}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Magnificat}}
* [https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/m/magnificat-reflection.php "The 'Merciless' Magnificat"]: A Magnificat reflection by Father Johann Roten, S.M., University of Dayton's Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute. The Marian Library/IMRI is the world's largest repository of books, artwork and artifacts devoted to Mary and a pontifical center of research and scholarship.
* [http://www.legionofmarytidewater.com/prayers/mag.htm ''The Magnificat'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218061147/http://www.wlsessays.net/files/JahnLuke.pdf Exegesis and Sermon Study of Luke 1:46–55: ''The Magnificat'', by Curtis A. Jahn]
* [http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnificat ChoralWiki: ''Magnificat'']
* [http://www.medievalist.net/hourstxt/deadves.htm Officium pro defunctis], following the unrevised [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lucas+1&version=VULGATE Vulgate text]

{{Catholic Prayers}}
{{Gospel of Luke}}
{{Marian hymns}}
{{Virgin Mary}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Canticles]]
[[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
[[Category:Christian prayer]]
[[Category:Gospel of Luke]]
[[Category:Christian hymns in Latin]]
[[Category:Marian devotions]]
[[Category:Marian hymns]]
[[Category:Vulgate Latin words and phrases]]