View source for Maizuru

{{For|the Japanese train name|Maizuru (train)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maizuru
| official_name = 
| native_name = {{nobold|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|舞鶴市}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| other_name = 
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow      = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = Maizuru red brick warehouses08s3200.jpg|px200{{!}}
| image2 = Maizuru city Tanabe Castle ac (1).jpg{{!}}
| image3 = JMSDF MaizuruBase KitasuiQuay.jpg{{!}}
| image4 = Maizuru Port ToreTore Center01.JPG{{!}}
| image5 = Yashima market, Higashi-Maizuru.JPG{{!}}
| image6 = Goro Sky tower.jpg{{!}}
| image7 = Maizuru Crane Bridge 01.jpg{{!}}
}}
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = <table style="width:280px; margin:2px auto; border-collapse:collapse">
<tr><td style="width:100%" colspan="2">Maizuru red brick warehouses</tr>
<tr><td style="width:50%">Maizuru Castle<td style="width:50%">JMSDF Maizuru</tr>
<tr><td style="width:50%">Maizuru Port ToreTore Center<td style="width:50%">Yashima market, Higashi-Maizuru</tr>
<tr><td style="width:50%">Goro Sky tower<td style="width:50%">Maizuru Crane Bridge</tr>
</table>
| image_flag = Flag of Maizuru, Kyoto.svg
| image_seal = Emblem of Maizuru, Kyoto.svg
| seal_type =
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map = Maizuru in Kyoto Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location of Maizuru in Kyoto Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35|28|N|135|23|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Japan
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 =
<!-- established -->
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date = 
| extinct_title = Now part of
| extinct_date = 
| founder = 
| named_for = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party = 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Ryozo Tatami
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 = 
<!-- display settings -->
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref = Metric
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2 = 342.13
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_note = 
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m = 
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes =  <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 78,644
| population_as_of = February 28, 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est = 
| pop_est_as_of = 
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code = 
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = 1044 Kitasui, Maizuru-shi, Kyōto-fu 625-8555
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2        = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2        = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{Official website|1=http://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/}}
| footnotes = <ref>[https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/stat-search/files?page=1&toukei=00200521&tstat=000001080615 2015 Population Census] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
 | tree = [[Zelkova serrata|Japanese zelkova]]
 | flower = [[Azalea]]
 | bird = 
 | flowering_tree = 
 | butterfly = 
 | fish = 
 | other_symbols = 
}}
}}
[[File:Maizuru city-office.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Maizuru City Hall]]
[[File:Maizuru bay.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Maizuru Bay]]
{{nihongo|'''Maizuru'''|舞鶴市|Maizuru-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in [[Kyoto Prefecture]], [[Japan]].  {{As of|2022|02|28}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 78,644 in 34,817 households and a [[population density]] of 230 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Maizuru-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/shisei/0000002271.html|title= Maizuru city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|342.13|sqkm|sqmi}}.

==Geography==
Maizuru is located in northern Kyoto Prefecture, facing scenic [[Maizuru Bay]] on the [[Sea of Japan]] to the north and Fukui Prefecture to the east.

===Neighboring municipalities===
Fukui Prefecture
*[[Takahama, Fukui|Takahama]]
Kyoto Prefecture
* [[Ayabe, Kyoto|Ayabe]]
*[[Fukuchiyama, Kyoto|Fukuchiyama]]
*[[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]]

===Climate===
Like [[Toyooka, Hyōgo|Toyooka]] in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], Maizuru has a climate resembling the [[Hokuriku region]] rather than the rest of Kansai, though it is less wet than other Hokuriku towns during the late autumn and winter because its location on a deep inlet means the northerly winds driven by the [[Siberian High]] and [[Aleutian Low]] do not produce as much rain and/or snow. In the summer, however, Maizuru can be extremely oppressive as the intense radiation creates extreme humidity around the bay: on August 13, 1994 the town recorded a ''minimum'' temperature of {{convert|29|C|F|1}}.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/kyoto-prefecture/maizuru-4778/ Maizuru climate data]</ref>

{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|location = Maizuru (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1947−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.4
|Feb record high C = 22.9
|Mar record high C = 26.0
|Apr record high C = 32.6
|May record high C = 34.6
|Jun record high C = 37.1
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 39.0
|Sep record high C = 38.3
|Oct record high C = 31.4
|Nov record high C = 26.3
|Dec record high C = 22.9
|Jan high C = 7.6
|Feb high C = 8.5
|Mar high C = 12.7
|Apr high C = 18.6
|May high C = 23.6
|Jun high C = 26.6
|Jul high C = 30.7
|Aug high C = 32.4
|Sep high C = 27.6
|Oct high C = 22.0
|Nov high C = 16.2
|Dec high C = 10.4
|Jan mean C = 3.7
|Feb mean C = 4.1
|Mar mean C = 7.4
|Apr mean C = 12.7
|May mean C = 17.8
|Jun mean C = 21.6
|Jul mean C = 25.9
|Aug mean C = 27.1
|Sep mean C = 22.9
|Oct mean C = 17.0
|Nov mean C = 11.3
|Dec mean C = 6.2
|Jan low C = 0.7
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 2.8
|Apr low C = 7.4
|May low C = 12.7
|Jun low C = 17.7
|Jul low C = 22.4
|Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep low C = 19.3
|Oct low C = 13.2
|Nov low C = 7.5
|Dec low C = 2.8
|Jan record low C = -8.0
|Feb record low C = -8.8
|Mar record low C = -6.2
|Apr record low C = -3.2
|May record low C = 0.9
|Jun record low C = 7.0
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 14.4
|Sep record low C = 7.9
|Oct record low C = 2.5
|Nov record low C = -1.7
|Dec record low C = -6.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 183.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 146.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 140.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 116.6
|May precipitation mm = 142.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 154.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 192.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 149.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 238.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 179.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 132.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 163.6
|year precipitation mm = 1941.2
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 18.7
|Feb precipitation days = 15.9
|Mar precipitation days = 15.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 10.0
|Jun precipitation days = 10.7
|Jul precipitation days = 12.2
|Aug precipitation days = 9.3
|Sep precipitation days = 12.0
|Oct precipitation days = 11.4
|Nov precipitation days = 12.7
|Dec precipitation days = 16.7
|Jan snow cm = 54
|Feb snow cm = 49
|Mar snow cm = 9
|Apr snow cm = 0
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 0
|Dec snow cm = 24
|year snow cm = 135
|unit snow days = 1 cm
|Jan snow days = 8.9
|Feb snow days = 7.9
|Mar snow days = 2.0
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0
|Dec snow days = 3.6
|humidity colour= green
|Jan humidity = 82
|Feb humidity = 79
|Mar humidity = 74
|Apr humidity = 71
|May humidity = 71
|Jun humidity = 77
|Jul humidity = 78
|Aug humidity = 76
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 82
|Jan sun = 72.1
|Feb sun = 82.5
|Mar sun = 123.0
|Apr sun = 165.3
|May sun = 182.9
|Jun sun = 136.0
|Jul sun = 151.2
|Aug sun = 194.7
|Sep sun = 134.5
|Oct sun = 128.6
|Nov sun = 101.3
|Dec sun = 80.4
|year sun = 1552.4
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=61&block_no=47750
| title = 平年値（年・月ごとの値） | access-date = November 27, 2011| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=61&block_no=47750 
| title = 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）| access-date = November 27, 2011 | publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
}}</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref name=zensus/> the population of Maizuru has declined gradually over the past 30 years.
{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 78,925
| 1925 | 72,026
| 1930 | 73,180
| 1935 | 77,632
| 1940 | 95,362
| 1945 | 102,350
| 1950 | 102,158
| 1955 | 102,588
| 1960 | 99,615
| 1965 | 96,641
| 1970 | 95,895
| 1975 | 97,780
| 1980 | 97,578
| 1985 | 98,775
| 1990 | 96,333
| 1995 | 94,784
| 2000 | 94,050
| 2005 | 91,733
| 2010 | 88,669
| 2015 | 83,990
| 2020 | 80,336
|align       = none
|cols        = 2
| footnote = Maizuru population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/kyoto/ Maizuru population statistics]</ref>
}}

== History ==
The area of Maizuru has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and numerous traces of [[Jomon period|Jomon]] and [[Yayoi period]] settlements have been discovered by archaeologists. The Yura River valley in particular was densely populated, and many ''[[kofun]]'' burial mounds have been found. The area became part of [[Tango Province]] in the [[Nara period]]. During the [[Muromachi period]], the [[Isshiki clan]] ruled as ''[[shugo]]'' of the province, but were replaced in the [[Sengoku period]] with the [[Hosokawa clan]], who constructed [[Tanabe Castle (Tango)|Tanabe Castle]], whose nickname "Maizuru Castle" was later adopted as the name of the city. Following the [[Battle of Sekigahara]], [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] awarded the entire province of Tango to [[Kyōgoku Takatomo]], who established [[Miyazu Domain]]. To ensure the succession of his line, Kyōgoku Takatomo gave 35,000 ''koku'' of his holdings to his third son, Kyōgoku Takamitsu, and established a cadet branch of the clan at [[Tango-Tanabe Domain]], based at Maizuru Castle. The Kyōgoku were replaced by a cadet branch of the [[Makino clan]], who ruled until the [[Meiji restoration]] in 1871. The town of Maizuru was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The same year, the [[Maizuru Naval District]] was created and the associated [[Maizuru Naval Arsenal]] for ship basing, construction, and repair was created in 1901. In the [[Russo-Japanese War]], many warships were based there, due to its proximity to the [[Sea of Japan]]. Maizuru was raised to city status on August 1, 1938.

After the Second World War, Maizuru was a key port for returning Japanese servicemen and detainees from continental Asia for over 13 years.<ref>"Return to Maizuru Port—Documents Related to the Internment and Repatriation Experiences of Japanese (1945-1956)". [[Memory of the World Register]].</ref> Today, [[JMSDF Maizuru Naval Base]] is a key district headquarters for the [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]].

==Government==
Maizuru has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 26 members. Maizuru contributes two members to the [[Kyoto Prefectural Assembly]]. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kyoto 5th district of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
{{Further|Economy of Japan}}
Maizuru has a mixed economy, with commerce, agriculture, forestry, [[Tourism in Japan|tourism]] and commercial fishing all playing major roles. Industry, centered on wood processing and [[shipbuilding]], have declined severely due to overseas competition, but [[Japan Marine United]], a large shipbuilding corporation, has one of its main shipyards in Maizuru.

==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
* [[Kyoto University]] - Maizuru Fisheries Research Station 
* [[Japan Coast Guard#Organization|Japan Coast Guard School]]
* National Institute of Technology, Maizuru campus

===Primary and secondary education===
Maizuru has 20 public elementary schools and seven public middle schools operated by the town government and two public high schools operated by the Kyoto Prefectural Department of Education. There is also one private high school.

The community previously had a [[Chosen gakko|North Korean school]], Maizuru Korean Elementary and Junior High School ([[:ja:舞鶴朝鮮初中級学校|舞鶴朝鮮初中級学校]]).<ref name=Formerschools>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20051106010302/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html ウリハッキョ一覧]" (). [[Chongryon]]. November 6, 2005. Retrieved on October 15, 2015.</ref>

==Transportation==
===Railways===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] – [[Maizuru Line]]
* {{STN|Magura|x}} - {{STN|Nishi-Maizuru|x}} - {{STN|Higashi-Maizuru|x}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] – [[Obama Line]]
* {{STN|Matsunoodera|x}} - {{STN|Higashi-Maizuru|x}}
[[File:Kyoto Tango Railway Logo 02.svg|40px]] [[Kyoto Tango Railway]] – [[Miyazu Line]]
*  {{STN|Nishi-Maizuru|x}} - {{STN|Shisho|x}} - {{STN|Shinonome|x|Kyoto}} - {{STN|Tango-Kanzaki|x}}

===Highways===
*[[File:JP Expressway E27.svg|25px|link=|alt=E27]] [[Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway]]
*[[File:JP Expressway E9.svg|25px|link=|alt=E9]] [[Kyoto Jūkan Expressway]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|27}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|175}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|177}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|178}}

==International town twinnings and exchange partnership==
*{{flagicon|Russia}} - [[Nakhodka]], [[Primorsky Krai]],  [[Russia]] in June 1961, the first Russian - Japanese sister towns in history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/modules/cityinfo/index.php?content_id=22#translate-en |title=Sister City and Friendly City |access-date=2016-03-28 |archive-date=2016-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422103646/http://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/modules/cityinfo/index.php?content_id=22#translate-en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|China}} - [[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]], [[China]] since 1982
*{{flagicon|UK}} - [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]], [[England]] since 1998.
*{{flagicon|UZB}} - [[Rishtan]], [[Fergana region]], [[Uzbekistan]] since 2019.

== Local attractions ==
Maizuru is dotted with sightseeing spots. There is Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum, a commemorative hall which documents the [[Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union|return of half a million servicemen and detainees from Soviet internment]], and an observatory which overlooks the [[Ria]]s seashore of the Maizuru Bay.

==Notable people from Maizuru==

* [[Arisa Inoue]], Japanese [[volleyball player]] ([[Hisamitsu Springs]] and [[Japan women's national volleyball team]])
* [[Tatsuya Ishihara]], Japanese [[Television director|television]] and [[film director]] ([[Kyoto Animation]]) 
* [[Kazuki Maehara]], former [[actor]], known for his role as '''Ryoma''' in [[Seijuu Sentai Gingaman]]
* [[Kengo Mashimo]], Japanese [[Puroresu|professional wrestler]] ([[Active Advance Pro Wrestling]])
* [[Hatsuho Matsuzawa]], Japanese [[swimmer]]
* [[Mamoru Nagano]], Japanese [[manga artist]], [[anime|animator]], and [[Giant robot|mecha]] and character designer
* [[Mai Ohara]], [[Politics of Japan|Japanese politician]] who served in the [[House of Representatives of Japan]]
* [[JO1|Shosei Ohira]], Japanese singer and dancer, member of [[JO1]]
* [[Jin Ueda]], Japanese [[table tennis]] player
* [[Yuki Yamaguchi]], former Japanese sprinter who specialised in the [[400 metres]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Maizuru}}
* [http://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/ Maizuru City] — official website {{in lang|ja}} – some English can be accessed.
* [https://m-hikiage-museum.jp/english-education/index.html Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum] — official website {{in lang|en}}

{{Kyoto}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Maizuru]]