View source for Malang

{{Short description|City in East Java, Indonesia}}
{{About|the city|the regency|Malang Regency|other uses}}
{{use American English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Malang
| other_name         = Tumapel
| official_name      = City of Malang<br />{{nobold|{{lang|id|Kota Malang}}}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|City]]
| translit_lang1     = Local
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Javanese language|Javanese]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{resize|10pt|''Malang''}} {{font|size=60%|([[Javanese orthography|Gêdrig]])}}<br />{{lang|jv-arab|{{Script|Arab|{{resize|11pt|مالاڠ}}}}}} {{font|size=60%|([[Pegon script|Pégon]])}}<br />{{lang|jv|{{Script|Java|{{resize|10pt|ꦩꦭꦁ}}}}}} {{font|size=60%|([[Javanese script|Hånåcåråkå]])}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width              = 300
  | border                   = infobox
  | perrow                   = 1/2/2
  | caption_align            = center
  | image1                   = Tugu_Malang.jpg
  | alt1                     = 
  | caption1                 = Malang City Hall and Tugu Monument
  | image2                   = Karangkates Dam, Malang.jpg
  | alt2                     = 
  | caption2                 = Karangkates Dam
  | image3                   = Candi Badut.JPG
  | alt3                     = 
  | caption3                 = [[Badut]] Temple
  | image4                   = Stasiun Malang Timur.jpg
  | alt4                     = 
  | caption4                 = [[Malang railway station|Malang Station]]
  | image5                   = Gajayana Stadium.jpg
  | alt5                     = 
  | caption5                 = [[Gajayana Stadium]]
}}
| image_shield       = Seal of Malang City (Logo Kota Malang).svg
| seal_size          = 100px
| nicknames           = ''[[Paris]] of Java''<br />''Kota Bunga'' (Flower City)<br /> ''Kota Industri Jasa dan Ekonomi Kreatif'' (City of Service Industry and Creative Economy)<br />''Small [[Luxembourg]]''<br />''The [[Switzerland]] of Java''
| motto              = {{native phrase|kaw|Malang Kuçeçwara|paren=omit}} ([[Old Javanese]])<br /> (God shattering the wrong, uphold the correct){{force singular}}
| image_map          = Locator kota malang.png
| map_caption        = Location within [[East Java]]
| pushpin_map        = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia#Asia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Java]] and [[Indonesia]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|7|58|48|S|112|37|12|E|region:ID-JI|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{INA}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Java]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{Flag|East Java}}
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 760
| established_title1 = 
| established_date1  = 
| established_title2 = Incorporated (City)
| established_date2  = {{Birth date and age|1914|4|1}}
| government_type = [[Mayor-council]]
| governing_body = Malang City 
Government 
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = {{Ill|Wahyu Hidayat|lt=Wahyu Hidayat|id}} ([[Gerindra Party|Gerindra]])
| leader_title1      = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = {{Ill|Ali Muthohirin|lt=Ali Muthohirin|id}}
| leader_title2 = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name2 = [[Malang City Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
| area_total_km2     = 111.077
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 1132.7
| area_metro_km2     = 2156.6
| elevation_m        = 506
| population_total   = 889359
| population_as_of   = mid 2024 estimate
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 3061970
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Malangan, Arema<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artikata.simomot.com/arti/gaul/arema|title=Arti kata Arema – Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|website=artikata.simomot.com|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022727/https://artikata.simomot.com/arti/gaul/arema|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
| population_note    = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3573)</ref>
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Indonesia|Postal Code]]
| postal_code        = 6511x–6514x
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]]
| area_code          = (+62) 341
| registration_plate = N
| website            = {{URL|malangkota.go.id}}
| timezone           = [[Time in Indonesia|IWST]]
| utc_offset         = +7
| blank_name         = Nominal [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2024|author=Badan Pusat Statistik|author-link=Statistics Indonesia|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2024|location=Surabaya|url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/publication/2024/02/28/53a51c3ca566561a72d10bde/provinsi-jawa-timur-dalam-angka-2024.html}}</ref>
| blank_info         = 2023
| blank1_name        = &nbsp;- Total
| blank1_info        = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 93.053 trillion ([[List of Indonesian cities by GDP|16th]])<br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 6.105 billion <br />{{increase}}[[Int$]] 19.552 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank2_name        = &nbsp;- Per capita
| blank2_info        = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 107,542 thousand<br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 7,056<br />{{increase}}[[Int$]] 22,596 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank3_name        = &nbsp;- Metro
| blank3_info        = {{Increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 241.950 trillion<br>{{Increase}}[[USD|US$]] 15.873 billion<br>{{Increase}}[[Int$]] 50.837 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank4_name        = &nbsp;- Growth
| blank4_info        = {{increase}} 6.1%
| blank5_name        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024)
| blank5_info        = {{increase}} 0.840 ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index#List of large and medium-sized cities of Indonesia with very high HDI (2023)|11th]]) {{fontcolor|#007B00|very high}}
}}

'''Malang''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɒ|ˈ|l|ɒ|ŋ}}; {{Langx|jv|ꦏꦸꦛꦩꦭꦁ|translit=Kutha Malang}}, {{langx|id|Kota Malang}}), historically known as '''Tumapel''', is an inland [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|city]] in the [[Indonesia]]n [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[East Java]]. It has a history dating back to the age of the [[Singhasari|Singhasari Kingdom]]. It is the second most populous city in the province, with a population of 820,043 at the 2010 Census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 843,810 at the 2020 Census;<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 889,359 (comprising 442,076 males and 447,283 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3573)</ref> The Malang Metropolitan area ([[Greater Malang]]) was home to 3,061,970 inhabitants in 2024, spread across two cities (Malang itself and [[Batu, East Java|Batu]]) and 22 districts (21 in [[Malang Regency]] and one in [[Pasuruan Regency]]). Malang is the [[List of Indonesian cities by GDP|third largest city by economy]] in East Java, after [[Surabaya]] and [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], with an estimated 2016 GDP at [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]]. 44.30 trillion.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia 2012–2016|author=Badan Pusat Statistik|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2017|location=Jakarta|author-link=Statistics Indonesia}}</ref>

The city is well known for its mild climate. During [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonization]], it was a popular destination for European residents. Even now, Malang still holds its position as a popular destination for international tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/malang|title=Malang – Lonely Planet|last=Planet|first=Lonely|website=Lonely Planet|language=en|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> Malang keeps various historical relics. This city keeps relics of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan period until the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch period]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oia.unmer.ac.id/campus-access/exploring-malang/historical-buildings/|title=Historical Buildings {{!}} OIA|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111121645/http://oia.unmer.ac.id/campus-access/exploring-malang/historical-buildings/|archive-date=11 January 2019|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> The existence of Dutch heritage in general is in the form of ancient buildings such as the Kayutangan church and [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Malang|Ijen Cathedral]] which employ [[Gothic architecture]]. Malang also holds various events to preserve its cultural heritage, one of which is Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. There is also a lot of historical heritage which has become a landmark like Tugu Malang (''Alun-alun Bundar''). Additionally, Malang is well-known because of its label as an educational city. Two of the best universities in Indonesia are in Malang, namely [[Brawijaya University]] and [[Malang State University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marketing.co.id/kota-malang-singkirkan-yogyakarta-sebagai-kota-pendidikan/|title=Kota Malang Singkirkan Yogyakarta Sebagai Kota Pendidikan|last=Burhanudin|first=Tony|date=25 September 2016|website=Portal Lengkap Dunia Marketing|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224090315/https://marketing.co.id/kota-malang-singkirkan-yogyakarta-sebagai-kota-pendidikan/|archive-date=24 December 2016|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>

Malang has various ethnic groups and cultures from all over Indonesia and the world. The population of Malang comprised 889,359 people in mid-2024, with a majority of [[Javanese people|Javanese]], followed by the [[Madurese people|Madurese]], and [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]] or ''[[Peranakan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ngalam.co/2017/01/25/sejarah-kawasan-pecinan-di-kota-malang/|title=Sejarah Kawasan Pecinan Di Kota Malang|last=Ishaq|first=Hasan|date=25 January 2017|website=Ngalam.co|language=id-ID|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218154746/https://ngalam.co/2017/01/25/sejarah-kawasan-pecinan-di-kota-malang/|archive-date=18 February 2019|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> Malang extended urban area, notable known as ''Malang Raya'', is the second largest in East Java after [[Gerbangkertosusila]] (Surabaya Metropolitan Area). From the perspective of Javanese culture, the majority of Malang people belong to Arekan Javanese culture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/21/00594333/kuali.peleburan.di.tlatah.jawa.timur|title=Kuali Peleburan di Tlatah Jawa Timur|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|date=20 July 2008 |language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216220002/http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/21/00594333/kuali.peleburan.di.tlatah.jawa.timur|archive-date=16 February 2018|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>

Malang was spared many of the effects of the [[Asian financial crisis]], and since that time, it has been marked by steady economic and population growth.<ref>Duncan Graham, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/17/malang-not-unfortunate-city.html Malang: Not an unfortunate city'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 17 February 2013.</ref>

==Etymology==
The etymology of the name Malang is uncertain. One of the theories said that the name Malang is derived from the words Malangkuçeçwara, which means  "God has destroyed the false and enforced the right". The words were taken from an ancient term which mentions a legendary temple called ''Malangkuçeçwara'', supposedly located near the city Malang. The word ''Malangkuçeçwara'' was applied as the motto of the city of Malang. The name "Malang" first appeared on the Pamotoh / Ukirnegara Inscription (1120 Saka / 1198 AD) which was discovered on 11 January 1975 by a Bantaran plantation administrator in Wlingi, [[Blitar Regency]]. In the copper inscription, one part is written (with the following translation) as follows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngalam.id/read/2515/prasasti-ukir-negara-iii-munculnya-nama-malang/|title=Prasasti Pamotoh (Ukir Negara III): Munculnya Nama Malang|last=nGalamediaLABS|website=ngalam.id|language=id|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> {{Verse translation|...taning sakrid Malang-akalihan
 wacid lawan macu pasabhanira 
dyah Limpa Makanagran I...|... in the east where hunting around Malang
with ''wacid'' and the ''mancu'',
Dyah Limpa rice fields namely ...|lang=jv}}
Malang here refers to an eastern of [[Mount Kawi]]. Although it is known that the use of Malang has at least been going on since the 12th century, it cannot be ascertained the etymology of its territory.

The first hypothesis refers to the name of a holy building called Malangkuçeçwara ({{IPA|id|malaŋkuʃeʃworo|pron}}). The sacred building is referred to in two Balitung King inscriptions from [[Medang Kingdom|Ancient Mataram]], namely the Mantyasih Inscription in 907 AD and the Inscription of 908 AD.<ref name=":1">M. A. Mihaballo, H. Susanto, & Sriyana (2013). ''The Miracle of Language'', Jakarta: Elex Media Computindo. pp. 201–202</ref> Experts still have not obtained an agreement on where the building is located. On the one hand, there are a number of experts who say that the Malangkuçeçwara building is located in the Mount Buring area, a mountain that stretches east of Malang, where one of its peaks named "Malang".<ref name=":1" /> Others, on the other hand, suspect that the actual location of the sacred building is in the Tumpang area, Malang Regency. In the area, there is a village called Malangsuka, which, according to historians, comes from the word Malangkuça ({{IPA|id|malankuʃoː|pron}}) which is pronounced upside down. This opinion is reinforced by the existence of ancient relics around Tumpang, such as Jago Temple and Kidal Temple, which are in the territory of the [[Singhasari|Kingdom of Singhasari]].<ref name=":1" />

The Malangkuçeçwara name consists of 3 words, namely mala, which means falsehood, cheating, falsehood, and evil, angkuça ({{IPA|id|aŋkuʃo|pron}} which means to destroy or destroy, and içwara ({{IPA|id|iʃworo|pron}}) which means God. Therefore, Malangkuçeçwara means "God has destroyed the vanity".<ref name=":0">Makna Lambang – Pemerintah Kota Malang,' ''Pemerintah Kota Malang'' (daring), https://malangkota.go.id/sekilas-malang/makna-lambang/ diakses pada 21 September 2017</ref>

The second hypothesis refers to the story of the assault of the [[Mataram Sultanate]] forces in Malang in 1614, led by Tumenggung Alap-Alap.<ref>A. P. Rianto (2016), ''Perancangan Konsep Art Game Bergenre Fantasi Malangkucecwara The Ruins of War''. Skripsi. Tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Institut Seni Indonesia. P. 50</ref> According to folklore, there was a conversation between Tumenggung Alap-Alap and one of his assistants regarding the condition of Malang before the attack began. The assistant from Tumenggung Alap-Alap mentioned residents and soldiers from the area as residents who "blocked the halangi" ("Malang" in Javanese) from the arrival of Mataram troops. After the conquest, the Mataram forces named the area of the conquest as Malang.<ref>W. Siswanto & S. Noersya (2008). ''Cerita Rakyat dari Malang (Jawa Timur)''. Jakarta: Grasindo. pp. 1–8</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
[[File:Miniatur Dataran Tinggi Malang.jpg|left|thumb|283x283px|Miniature of Malang Highlands]]
The Malang area in the [[Pleistocene|Pleistocene era]] was still a [[Oceanic basin|deep basin]] flanked by [[Volcano|volcanic activity]] from mountains such as the Karst Mountains in the south, [[Mount Kawi|Kawi]], [[Mount Butak|Butak]], and [[Kelud]] in the west, Anjasmoro and [[Arjuno-Welirang]] complex in the northeast and north, and the [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park|Tengger Mountains Complex]] in the east.<ref>R. W. van Bemmelen (1949). ''The Geology of Indonesia Vol. I''. Den Haag: Martinus-Nijhoff</ref> The basin has not been inhabited by humans because the condition is still in the form of lava and [[Lava|hot lava flows]] from the surrounding mountains.<ref>S. Santosa & T. Suwarti (1992). ''Peta Geologi Lembar Malang, Jawa Timur, skala 1:100.000''. Bandung: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi</ref> Towards the rainy season, the [[Malang Plain|Malang basin]] is filled with water flowing through the mountain slopes, leading to a number of rivers and forming an ancient [[swamp]]. The swamps spread to create [[ancient lake]]s.

When the ancient lake had not dried up, [[Civilization|early human civilization]] was still in the early to advanced stages of [[Hunting]] and [[Collecting|Collecting Food]]. The settlements are still on the slopes of mountains and mountains that surround Malang in the form of natural caves. Therefore, it is understandable that the discovery of artifacts in the [[Paleolithic]] and [[Mesolithic]] period is found in mountainous areas, such as on the slopes of Mount Kawi, Arjuno-Welirang, Tengger, [[Semeru]] and the Southern Karst Mountains.<ref name=":2">Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Malang (2013). ''Wanwacarita, Kesejarahan Desa-Desa Kuno di Kota Malang''. Malang : Penerbit Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Malang. pp. 34–36</ref>

Malang ancient lake gradually dried up in the [[Holocene calendar|Holocene era]] and caused the Malang region to become a plateau in Malang. When it began to enter the [[Agriculture|Planting Period]], early humans began to descend from the mountains and make a number of settlements and agricultural areas. The discovery of a number of artifacts in the form of two square pickaxes, chalcedony stone tools and hand-held andesite axes on the east side of Mount Kawi in the Kacuk area around the Metro and [[Brantas River|Brantas]] streams reinforced this assumption. [8] In addition, the study estimates that the forms of occupancy in the transitional period were in the form of a [[stilt house]], where the body of the house was supported by the legs of the house and was several meters above the ground. This is reinforced by the discovery of artifacts in the form of "Watu Gong" or "Watu Kenong" in Dinoyo, Lowokwaru, Malang, whose forms are similar to traditional musical instruments, namely [[gong]], which are actually swear or foundation of a stilt house.<ref name=":2" /> The growth of settlements around the river flowing in Malang became the forerunner of the ancient civilizations of the [[Homo sapiens]].<ref>Pemerintah Kotamadya Malang (1964). ''Kotapradja Malang 50 Tahun''. Malang : Seksi penerbitan 50 Tahun Kotapradja Malang.</ref>

===Hindu and Islamic Kingdoms===
====Kanjuruhan Kingdom====
The history of [[Malang Regency]] could be revealed through the Dinoyo inscription at year of 760 as the primary official document to support the birth of Malang before a new inscription was discovered in 1986, which is yet to be deciphered. According to the inscription, it was concluded that the 8th century was the beginning of the existence of Malang Regency's government due to the birth of King Gajayana's ruling of his [[Greater India|Indianized]] [[Hindu]] kingdom in Malang. From the Dinoyo inscription, it is noted that the inscription used the "''Candra Sengkala''" or Cronogram Calendar, and stated that the birth date of Malang Regency was on [[Javanese calendar|Jum'at Legi]] (sweet Friday) of 28 November 760.<ref>L. Damaes: "Studed' Epigraphy d'Indonesia IV. 1952"</ref>

====Mataram Kingdom====
Kanjuruhan Kingdom power is estimated to not last long. The kingdom was finally under the rule of ''Mataram'' ([[Mataram Kingdom|Ancient Mataram Kingdom]]) during the leadership of [[Balitung|King Dyah Balitung]] (899–911 AD). In the Balingawan Inscription (813 Saka / 891 AD), it is mentioned Pu Huntu as ''Rakryan Kanuruhan'' (ruler of Kanuruhan character) in the reign of King Mpu Daksa (911–919 AD).<ref>J. L. A. Brandes (1913). ''Oud-Javaansche Oorkonden: Nagelaten transcripties van willen Dr. JLA Brandes Uitgegeven door Dr. NJ Krom''. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff</ref> The area that used to be an autonomous kingdom has dropped one level to a ''watak'' (region) that is on a level with the [[duchy]] or [[district]] (one level under the authority of the [[king]]). ''Watak Kanuruhan'' which covers the center of Malang today is an entity that stands side by side with ''Watak Hujung'' (in Ngujung, Toyomarto Village, [[Singosari|District Singosari]], [[Malang Regency]]) and ''Watak Tugaran'' (in Tegaron, Lesanpuro, Kedungkandang, Malang Regency) which each oversees several ''wanua'' ([[Village|village level]]).<ref>I. Lutfi (2003). Desa-Desa Kuno di Malang Periode Abad ke-9-10 Masehi: Tinjauan Singkat Berbasis Data Tekstual Prasasti dan Toponimi. ''Sejarah, 9(1)''. 28–40</ref>

When the capital Mataram was moved to the Tamwlang and Watugaluh ([[Jombang Regency|Jombang]]) areas during the reign of [[Mpu Sindok|King Mpu Sindok]] (929–948 AD), several inscriptions such as Sangguran, Turyyan, Gulung-Gulung, Linggasutan, Jeru-Jeru, Tija, Kanuruhan, Muncang, and Wurandungan describes a number of tax liability policies for ''sima'' (civil villages) in Malang and a number of land grant processes to build [[Hindu temple|temples]].<ref>'Daftar Tahun Sejarah Malang I,' ''Ngalam.id'' (daring), 21 Januari 2014, http://ngalam.id/read/122/daftar-tahun-sejarah-malang-i/, diakses pada 8 Januari 2019</ref>

====Kahuripan, Janggala, and Kediri Kingdom====
[[File:Kediri Kingdom id.svg|thumb|Division of the [[Kediri Kingdom]] (dark orange) and [[Janggala|Jenggala Kingdom]] (bright orange) before 1135. The boundaries of the two regions are [[Mount Kawi]].]]
There is no record that explains in detail the status and role of the area around Malang during [[Airlangga|King Airlangga's]] leadership in addition to the fact that Malang entered the territory of the [[Kahuripan|Kingdom of Kahuripan]]. Because the Malang area is no longer the center of government of the Kingdom which is centered around [[Mount Penanggungan]] and [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]] with its capital Kahuripan. Even when Raja Airlangga divided Kahuripan into [[Kediri Kingdom|Panjalu]] which was centered in Daha ([[Kediri (city)|Kadiri]]) and Jenggala which remained centered in Kahuripan, the Malang region was included as a peripheral of the powers of both kingdoms. However, it can be ascertained that the Malang region entered the Jenggala region at the time of this division. The division of Kahuripan shows that [[Mount Kawi]] was used as the boundary of the two new kingdoms with the eastern side obtained by Jenggala.

Malang again became an important area in the history of Panjalu or [[Janggala|Jenggala]] when King Jayabhaya of Panjalu conquered [[Janggala|Jenggala]]. In the Hantang Inscription (1057 Saka / 1135 AD), it is written Panjalu Jayati ("''Panjalu Menang''"), signifying Panjalu's victory over Jenggala. The inscription also included the granting of special privileges to several villages in Hantang (Ngantang, [[Malang Regency]]) and its surroundings for their services in favor of Panjalu during the war.<ref>'Prasasti Hantang, Hadiah Raja Jayabhaya untuk Warga Ngantang,' ''Ngalam.co'' (daring), 16 April 2017, https://ngalam.co/2017/04/16/prasasti-hantang-hadiah-raja-jayabhaya-warga-ngantang/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155651/https://ngalam.co/2017/04/16/prasasti-hantang-hadiah-raja-jayabhaya-warga-ngantang/ |date=3 August 2020 }}, diakses pada 9 Januari 2019</ref> This inscription also shows that the Malang region is under the authority of Panjalu.

The Kamulan Inscription (1116 Saka / 1194 AD) records the events of the attack of an area from the east of Daha (Kadiri) against King Kertajaya (in the [[Pararaton]] called Dandang Gendhis) who resided in the Katang-Katang Kedaton.<ref>'Prasasti Kamulan Kabupaten Trenggalek,' ''Situs Budaya'' (daring), https://situsbudaya.id/prasasti-kamulan-trengalek/, diakses pada 9 Januari 2019</ref> There is no further research on whether the attack was a rebellion or attempted conquest. However, the existence of the Kamulan Inscription shows that there was a new political force that emerged to oppose Panjalu's power. This argument is reinforced by the existence of the Sukun Inscription (1083 Saka / 1161 AD) which mentions a king named Jayamerta who gave special rights to Sukun Village (allegedly in Sukun Sub-District, District Sukun, Malang) for fighting enemies.<ref>Suwardono, S. Rosmiayah, dan Maskur (1997), ''Monografi Sejarah Kota Malang'', Malang: Sigma Media</ref> Jayamerta has never been stated explicitly or implicitly in various records that refer to information regarding both the list of rulers of [[Kediri Kingdom|Kadiri]] and [[Janggala|Jenggala]]. Some historians such as Agus Sunyoto mention that the area of origin of the resistance was named Purwa or Purwwa. This was supported by Sunyoto's argument when referring to all [[Majapahit]] rulers as descendants of [[Ken Arok]] who "[...] drained his seed into the world through teja which emanated from" secrets "Ken Dedes, naraiswari [...] Purwa Kingdom."<ref>A. Sunyoto (2004), ''Sang Pembaharu: Perjuangan dan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar''. Yogyakarta: LKIS Pelangi Aksara. p. 32</ref> "Naraiswari (or nareswari / Ardanareswari) himself in [[Sanskrit]] means "the main woman" and [[Ken Dedes]] himself is the daughter of Mpu Purwa, a [[Brahmin|brahmana]] from Panawijyan (Kelurahan Polowijen, Kecamatan Blimbing, Malang). In the end the resistance effort from the area which was said to be named Purwa / Purwwa was successfully crushed by [[Kediri Kingdom|Panjalu]].

Some historians attribute the series of events of resistance and crackdown to the socio-political context of the two conflicts involving King Kertajaya and the Brahmin class. The first is the policy of King Kertajaya who tried to reduce a number of rights from the Brahmana class. Some folklore shows that King Kertajaya wanted to be "worshiped" by the Brahmins so that it was contrary to the religious teachings of the Brahmins. The second is the kidnapping of Ken Dedes by Tunggul Ametung, akuwu (equivalent to sub-district head) for the Tumapel region.<ref>'Kerajaan Purwwa,' ''Ngalam.id'' (daring), 29 Oktober 2012, http://ngalam.id/read/98/kerajaan-purwwa/, diakses pada 9 Januari 2019</ref> According to Blasius Suprapto, the location of Tumapel itself was in an area formerly called Kutobedah (now called Kotalama, Kedungkandang, Malang).<ref>B. Suprapta (2015), ''Makna Gubahan Ruang Situs-Situs Hindhu-Buddha Masa Sinhasari Abad XII Sampain XIII Masehi di Saujana Dataran Tinggi Malang dan Sekitarnya''. Disertasi. Tidak Dipublikasikan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada</ref> The implication of the two conflicts was the withdrawal of political support from the Brahmana class against Raja Kertajaya.

====Singhasari Empire====
The collapse of Panjalu / Kadiri and the birth of the Tumapel Kingdom in Malang originated from the [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] class from Panjalu who tried to save himself from political persecution by King Kertajaya. They fled eastward and joined the political forces in Tumapel, led by [[Ken Arok|Ken Angrok or Ken Arok]]. He then rebelled against Akuwu Tunggul Ametung and took control of Tumapel. Ken Arok's victory was at the same time a statement of war to separate himself from Panjalu/Kadiri. The power struggle between Kertajaya and Ken Arok towards the Malang region and its surroundings led to the Battle of Ganter in Ngantang (now a sub-district in [[Malang Regency]]) (1144 Saka / 1222 AD) which was won by Ken Arok. He also ordained himself as the first king of the Kingdom of Tumapel with the title Rajasa Sang Amurwabhumi. The capital itself remained in Tumapel but changed its name to Kutaraja.
[[File:Candi Jago C.JPG|thumb|[[Jago Temple]], a place of worship for King Wisnuwardhana, in Tumpang, Malang Regency]]
During the period of the transfer of the royal capital during the reign of King Wisnuwardhana from Kutaraja to Singhasari (Singosari District, Malang Regency) in 1176 Saka / 1254 AD, there was no comprehensive record of the strategic status of the Malang region in the Tumapel era. There was no explanation for the reasons for the move but starting in this era Singhasari became the name of this kingdom. The remaining data only shows a number of historical places in Malang such as the Gunung Katu area in Genengan (Prangargo, Wagir, Malang Regency) which according to historian Dwi Cahyono is a dharma site,<ref>R. H. Putri, 'Persembahan Terakhir bagi Rajasa,' ''Historia'' (daring), 14 Oktober 2017, https://historia.id/kuno/articles/persembahan-terakhir-bagi-rajasa-PKNGQ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705063910/https://historia.id/kuno/articles/persembahan-terakhir-bagi-rajasa-PKNGQ |date=5 July 2023 }}, diakses pada 11 Januari 2019</ref> Kidjo Rejo area (Kidal Village, District Tumpang, Malang Regency), where Raja Anusapati was worshiped in Candi Kidal, and the Tumpang area where Raja Wisnuwardhana was dharma in [[Jago Temple]]. Another legacy is the spring of Watugede in Watugede Village, Singosari District, Malang Regency. According to Agus Irianto, the bathing staff of Watugede, Pararaton wrote that this place was often used by Ken Dedes and other prospective women to clean the body. The village elders also believe that in this place Ken Arok also saw the light emanating from the body of Ken Dedes as a sign that he was a nareswari.<ref name=":3">D. A. Pitaloka, 'Jejak Singosari dan Majapahit di Malang.' ''Historia'' (daring), 23 Maret 2016 https://historia.id/kuno/articles/jejak-singosari-dan-majapahit-di-malang-vxGOL diakses pada 22 Januari 2019</ref>

During the leadership of Raja Kertanegara, the Kingdom of Singhasari faced a rebellion by Jayakatwang from the bracelet area (around [[Madiun]]).<ref>A. C. Irapta & C. D. Duka (2005). ''Introduction to Asia: History, Culture, and Civilization''. Quezon: Rex Bookstore, Inc.</ref> [[Jayakatwang]] himself is the great-grandson of Raja Kertajaya according to [[Nagarakretagama|Negarakertagama]] and nephew of Raja Wisnuwardhana (from the lineage of women) according to the Mula Malurung Inscription.<ref>S. Muljana (1979). ''Negarakertagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya''. Jakarta: Bhratara</ref> The rebellion killed Raja Kertanegara, the last king of Singhasari, due to his territory having no defense when most of his military was sent for the [[Pamalayu|Pamalayu Expedition]].<ref>M. Rossabi (1989). ''Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times''. Berkeley: University of California Press.</ref> Jayakatwang easily occupied the capital, took power and moved the center of government to his ancestral land, [[Kediri Kingdom|Kadiri]].<ref>G. Coedès (1968). ''The Indianized states of Southeast Asia''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 199</ref>

====Majapahit Empire====
[[File:Majapahit Core and Provinces.svg|thumb|[[Majapahit]] territory in Java, Malang was capital of ''mancanegara'' ([[province]]) Tumapel.]]
Malang was not the center of the power struggle between [[Jayakatwang]], [[Raden Wijaya]], and [[Kublai Khan|Kublai Khan's]] army from [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]]. After winning the succession of power, Raden Wijaya, who held the title of ''Kertarajasa Jayawardhana'' moved the center of power to the area he had built in the ''Tarik'' Forest (now around [[Mojokerto]] and District Tarik, [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]]). However, the Malang region witnessed history from the fate of Jayakatwang who was exiled to another spring in Polaman (now Kalirejo Village, Lawang District, [[Malang Regency]]). According to Pararaton and Kidung Harsyawijaya, this was where Jayakatwang was inspired to write Wukir Polaman, his last literary work before being executed by Raden Wijaya.<ref name=":3" />

In the [[Majapahit]] government structure according to the Waringin Pitu Inscription (AD 1447), the Malang region is included in the ''Bhumi'' or the [[Capital city|capital]] of empire. He is a ''nagara'' (provincial equivalent) named Tumapel which is led by a ''rajya'' (governor) or ''natha'' (master) or ''bhre'' (nobleman / prince) —such as [[duke]]s.<ref>F. F. Wasitaatmadja (2018). ''Spiritualisme Pancasila''. Jakarta: Prenada Media. pp. 44–45</ref>

Negarakertagama also recorded [[Hayam Wuruk|King Hayam Wuruk's]] visit to several places in the Malang region in 1359 AD.<ref>H. Sidomulyo (2007). ''Napak Tilas Perjalanan Mpu Prapanca''. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra.</ref> According to Yudi Anugrah Nugroho, the tour was part of a series of trips by King Hayam Wuruk to review the development around [[Lumajang Regency|Lumajang]]. This visit is usually done when the harvest period is over.<ref>Y. A. Nugraha, 'Perjalanan Ziarah Raja Majapahit,' ''Historia'' (daring). 4 Juli 2014, https://historia.id/kuno/articles/perjalanan-ziarah-raja-majapahit-Pe59P, diakses pada 22 Januari 2019</ref> There are at least two contexts of the tour, namely recreation and pilgrimage.<ref>T. G. T. Pigeaud (1963). ''Java in the 14th Century : A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kertāgama by Rakawi, Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D. Vol V: Glossary, general index''. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff. Meskipun argumen Pigeaud hanya berfokus pada aspek rekreatif dari lawatan tersebut, tidak dipungkiri bahwa terdapat pula aspek rekreatif.</ref> For the recreational context, the first place was Kasuranggan Park in the Sumberawan area (Toyomarto Village, District Singosari, [[Malang Regency]]). It was here that King Hayam Wuruk built a stupa as a place of worship for [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] so that it became the Sumberawan Temple as it is now.<ref>A. J. B. Kempers (1959). ''Ancient Indonesian Art''. Cambridge, MA.: [[Harvard University Press]].</ref> The second is Kedung Biru. Some historians connect Kedung Biru with the location now called ''Dusun Biru'', Gunungrejo Village, [[Singosari|District Singosari]], [[Malang Regency]]. It is called ''kedung'' (meaning: ravine) because it is on the edge of a cliff near the Klampok River. In addition to the recreational place of Raja Hayam Wuruk, it is said that this place is a sanctuary for kris made by [[Mpu Gandring]] and other [[Weapon|royal weapons]]. The third is the Bureng area identified as the [[Wendit]] natural bath in Mangliawan Village, District Pakis, Malang Regency.

For the context of [[pilgrimage]], King Hayam Wuruk visited several heritage temples of the Singhasari Kingdom which aimed to dharma the ancestors ([[Rajasa dynasty|Wangsa Rajasa]]). Some of the temples visited include Kidal Temple (in honor of [[Anusapati|King Anusapati]]), Jago Temple (in honor of King Wisnuwardhana), and Candi Singasari (in honor of Raja Kertanegara). Especially for Singasari Temple, there is debate about whether it was built during the reign of Singhasari or Majapahit Kingdom. Because, according to the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, Singosari Temple was built around 1300 AD (the reign of King Raden Wijaya) as a temple of respect, if not dharma, Raja Kertanegara along with Jawi Temple.<ref name=":5">Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, 'Candi Singosari,' ''Kepustakaan Candi'' (daring), http://candi.perpusnas.go.id/temples/deskripsi-jawa_timur-candi_singasari {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530014701/https://candi.perpusnas.go.id/temples/deskripsi-jawa_timur-candi_singasari |date=30 May 2023 }}, diakses pada 22 Januari 2019</ref> However, there is an argument which states that this temple was being built during the reign of King Kertanegara itself as a public worship temple. The consequence of this last argument is that the construction of the temple was not completed due to the occupation of Singhasari by Jayakatwang.<ref name=":5" />

The Malang region (Tumapel) became one of the objects of political conflict when the [[Regreg war]] erupted (1404–1406). This area is claimed by Aji Rajanata, Bhre Wirabhumi II (Blambangan, Banyuwangi). However, the claim was opposed by Manggalawardhana, Bhre Tumapel II, who was still the son of King Hayam Wuruk. Therefore, this area is considered as the frontline of the battle involving Majapahit (West) and Blambangan ('East Majapahit). However, because Regreg war was won by [[Wikramawardhana|King Wikramawardhana]], [[Tumapel]] returned to Majapahit power.<ref name=":5" />

When the Majapahit Kingdom arrived [[Zheng He|Admiral Cheng Ho]] from China ([[Ming dynasty]]) in 1421 AD, he agreed with King [[Wikramawardhana]] (1389–1429 AD) to place Ma Hong Fu and Ma Yung Long as ambassadors of the Ming dynasty at Tumapel.<ref name=":6">D. Mashad (2014). ''Muslim Bali: Mencari Kembali Harmoni yang Hilang''. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar</ref> This can be attributed to Admiral Cheng Ho's diplomatic efforts to ensure the security of ethnic Chinese in the Majapahit region. During the [[Paregreg war|War of Regreg]] (1406), around 170 delegates from the Ming dynasty were sent by Admiral Cheng Ho to re-establish diplomatic relations between [[Mongols in China|China]] and Majapahit after the [[Mongol invasion of Java|conflict of the Jayakatwang-Raden Wijaya-Kublai Khan]] in the era of transition from [[Singhasari]] to [[Majapahit]]. However, all the envoys were massacred by King Wikramawardhana who could not distinguish their arrival status as an enemy or not. The role of Admiral Cheng Ho was also significant for the Malang region (Tumapel) in 1432 when he was with his subordinates, Gan Eng Cu and (Duke (''Bhre'') of Arya Teja I of Tuban) and his younger brother, Gan Eng Wan, helped Ratu Maharani Sri Suhita (1429–1447 AD ) to unite Daha (Kadiri) and Tumapel after internal conflict.<ref name=":6" /> For his services, Bro Eng Wan was given the title Raden Arya Suganda was appointed as an official at Tumapel.

====Sengguruh Kingdom====
Sengguruh is the last [[Greater India|Hindu kingdom]] and the rest of the heritage of [[Majapahit]] sympathizers in Malang. He was an independent kingdom after the fall of Majapahit.<ref>A. Van Schaik (1996). ''Malang: Beeld van een Stad''. Purmerend: Asia Major</ref> [[H. J. de Graaf|Hermanus Johannes de Graff]] argued that the son of the [[Girindrawardhana|Brawijaya VII]], Raden Pramana fled to the remote mountain region in the south<ref>T. B. T. Pigeaud (1976). ''Islamic States in Java 1500–1700: Eight Dutch Books and Articles by Dr H.J. de Graaf''. Leiden: KITLV</ref> due to the occupation of Daha (Kadiri) (capital of Majapahit since [[Girindrawardhana|Girindrawardhana – Brawijaya VI]]) by Sultan Trenggana from [[Demak Sultanate|Demak]] in 1527. The leader of this region is Arya Terung with the title Adipati Sengguruh. The name Sengguruh is said to be related to the existence of an education center and the residence of the knights or banner (commonly called Kepanjian or Kepanjen area). The banners who want to study in Kepanjen are said to be saying "Let's go to the Teacher" which refers to the place where they study. These words gradually became Sengguruh.<ref>'Kerajaan Sengguruh, Penerus Tahta Majapahit di Malang,' ''Ngalam.co'' (daring), 3 Mei 2017, https://ngalam.co/2017/05/03/kerajaan-sengguruh-penerus-tahta-majapahit-malang/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320115956/https://ngalam.co/2017/05/03/kerajaan-sengguruh-penerus-tahta-majapahit-malang/ |date=20 March 2023 }}, diakses pada 23 Januari 2019</ref>

According to ''Babad ing Gresik'' (Chronicles of Gresik), the kingdom had tried to attack the [[Lamongan Regency|Lamongan]] and [[Gresik Regency|Giri (Gresik)]] areas in 1535. However, the efforts of Arya Terung were unsuccessful, if not failed to maintain their occupation of the two regions.<ref name=":7">'Kerajaan Sengguruh,' ''Ngalam.id'' (daring), 20 November 2012, http://ngalam.id/read/152/kerajaan-sengguruh/ diakses pada 23 Januari 2019</ref> In fact, according to the records in Tedhak Dermayudan, after the failure of the conquest, Arya Terung adopted [[Islam]] and spread [[Islamic studies|Islamic teachings]] throughout Sengguruh.<ref name=":7" /> As a result, the Majapahit sympathizers led by Raden Pramana rebelled and made the Arya Terung flee north around the lower reaches of the [[Brantas River]]. With the help of Sultan Trenggana who had conquered the former capital of the [[Singhasari|Singhasari Empire]] in 1545. Sengguruh succeeded in quelling the rebellion. Raden Pramana fled towards [[Blambangan Kingdom|Blambangan]]. In Serat Kanda, Sultan Trenggana once again appointed Arya Terung as Duke of Sengguruh which was under the Demak Sultanate. In addition, the Malang area after the conquest of Sultan Trenggana changed to Kutho Bedah ("The Destructed City").<ref>Amiany (2005). ''Perkembangan Struktur Ruang Kota Malang Tahun 1767–2001''. Skripsi. Tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada</ref> Sengguruh Kingdom remains in the form of ruins in Sumedang Hamlet, Jenggala Village (on the west side of Sengguruh Village), District Kepanjen, [[Malang Regency]].<ref name=":7" />

===Dutch East Indies===
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk van het Heilig Hart te Malang. TMnr 60005904.jpg|thumb|Kayutangan Cathedral is one of the [[Colonial architecture of Indonesia|Dutch architecture heritages]] in Downtown Malang]]
[[File:Coat of Arms of Malang (1921).svg|thumb|left|200px|Coat of Arms of Malang during Dutch colonial era, this version granted in 1921.]]
The city was capital city of [[Singhasari]] in 1222, then transferred to [[Netherlands|Dutch]] colony. Malang was modernized under the Dutch; its mild climate which results from its elevation, along with its proximity to the major port of [[Surabaya]], made it a popular destination for the Dutch and other Europeans. Malang began to grow and develop rapidly and various economic sectors of the community were increasing, especially the need for space to carry out various activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediacenter.malangkota.go.id/2011/04/serba-serbi-kota-malang/#axzz4ylkOU0aR|title=SERBA-SERBI KOTA MALANG {{!}} {{!}} Media Center Kendedes – Info Publik Kota Malang|website=mediacenter.malangkota.go.id|language=id-ID|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> As a result, there was a change in land use which was marked by a built up area that appeared uncontrollably. Changes in land functions undergo rapid changes, such as from functioning land agriculture becomes a functioning land of housing and industry. [[History of rail transport in Indonesia|In 1879, Malang was connected to Java's railroad network]], further increasing development and leading to increased industrialization. On 1 April 1914, Malang was designated ''gemeente'' (city).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/menelusuri-langkah-awal-103-tahun-berdirinya-kota-malang-1703315.html|title=Menelusuri langkah awal 103 tahun berdirinya kota Malang|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

===Japanese occupation===
[[File:Malang._(Reproductie_van_een_foto,_genomen_onder_de_Japanse_bezetting.)_De_Japan,_Bestanddeelnr_344-5-4.jpg|thumb|[[Ching Nan Shrine]] in Malang was one of 11 Shinto shrines built in Indonesia during the Japanese occupation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=中島 |first1=三千男 |last2=津田 |first2=良樹 |last3=稲宮 |first3=康人 |date=2019-03-20 |title=旧オランダ領東印度（現インドネシア共和国）に建てられた神社について |url=https://kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/12706 |journal=非文字資料研究センター News Letter |language=ja |issue=41 |pages=17–23 |issn=2432-549X}}</ref>]]
During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation in Indonesia]], Malang was also occupied by Japan. [[Imperial Japanese Army]] began occupying Malang on 7 March 1942. Malang, which was then led by Raden Adipati Ario Sam (R.A.A. Sam), surrendered to the Japanese who were then in power in Malang. Taking over the Government in principle continues the old system (Gemeente), only the designations in positions are replaced with [[Japanese language|Japanese]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-26 |title=Sejarah Malang Pra Kemerdekaan dan Kemerdekaan (Bagian 5) |url=https://www.jurnalmalang.com/2013/10/sejarah-malang-pra-kemerdekaan-bagian-5.html |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=id}}</ref> During the Japanese occupation there was a shift in the function of local buildings. The houses where the Dutch lived were transferred to Japanese use. The Dutch building on Jalan Semeru (which was used as an office or the headquarters of the Dutch troops,) was converted into a Kempetai building and a [[Ching Nan Shrine|Shinto shrine]] was also built in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ngalam.co/2017/07/10/pernah-ada-kuil-shinto-di-kota-malang/|title=Pernah Ada Kuil Shinto di Kota Malang|last=Akaibara|date=10 July 2017|website=Ngalam.co|language=id-ID|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220074856/https://ngalam.co/2017/07/10/pernah-ada-kuil-shinto-di-kota-malang/|archive-date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref> The Kentapetai building became one of the historical buildings in Malang, which is now a private vocational school building and witnesses the disarmament of the Japanese by the [[People's Security Agency]] (BKR) in order to strengthen the defence of Malang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bayu |first=Safril |date=13 November 2014 |title=Jejak Masa Kolonial dan Pendudukan Jepang di Kota Malang |url=http://www.geschool.net/cysers/blog/jejak-masa-kolonial-dan-pendudukan-jepang-di-kota-malang |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022141954/http://www.geschool.net/cysers/blog/jejak-masa-kolonial-dan-pendudukan-jepang-di-kota-malang |archive-date=2017-10-22 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Geschool |via=[[Archive.org]]}}</ref>

Chinese businessman, investor, and philanthropist [[Tan Kah Kee]]  who's based in Singapore before the war. He was responsible for gathering much financial support from the community to aid China in the war. I fled to Malang and went hidden until the war is over. In 1943, while he was in Java, Tan began writing his memoirs, The Memoirs of an Overseas Chinese of the Southern Ocean (南僑回憶錄; 南侨回忆录; Nánqiáo Huíyìlù), which later became an important document of the history of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.

===Independence of Indonesia===
After [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Independence of Indonesia]] in 1945, Malang became part of the Republic of Indonesia on 21 September 1945 and re-entered on 2 March 1947 after being re-occupied by the [[Dutch East Indies]]. The government was changed to Malang City Government on 1 January 2001 based on second amendments of [[Constitution of Indonesia|Indonesia's Constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malangkota.go.id/sekilas-malang/sejarah-malang/|title=Sejarah Malang|website=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population's needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of [[shanty towns]] along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into "better" housing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/02/10/ol4fs9284-kota-malang-masih-hadapi-permukiman-kumuh|title=Kota Malang Masih Hadapi Permukiman Kumuh|date=10 February 2017|website=Republika Online|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316175230/https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/02/10/ol4fs9284-kota-malang-masih-hadapi-permukiman-kumuh|archive-date=16 March 2018|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Mount Arjuna.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Arjuno]] viewed from [[Singosari]], [[Malang Regency]].]]
Malang is located in the middle of Malang Regency and south side of Java Island. The city has an area of {{convert|111.08|sqkm|sqmi}}.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/profil-daerah/kabupaten/id/35/name/jawa-timur/detail/3573/kota-malang|title=Kabupaten – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia|publisher=[[Kemendagri]]|language=id-ID|access-date=21 October 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118221207/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/profil-daerah/kabupaten/id/35/name/jawa-timur/detail/3573/kota-malang|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is bordered by [[Singosari]] and [[:id:Karangploso, Malang|Karangploso]] Districts on the north side; Pakis and Tumpang Districts on the east side; Tajinan and Pakisaji Districts on the south side; and Wagir and Dau Districts on the west side<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://malangkota.go.id/sekilas-malang/geografis/|title=Geografis – Pemerintah Kota Malang|publisher=[[Pemerintah Kota Malang]]|language=id-ID|access-date=21 September 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921144854/http://malangkota.go.id/sekilas-malang/geografis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> which are all districts of [[Malang Regency]].

The parts of Malang have their own characteristics so that they are well-suited for various activities. The southern part of Malang is a large enough plateau that is suitable for [[Industrial sector|industry]], the northern part is a fertile highland that is suitable for [[agriculture]], the eastern part is a plateau with less fertile soil, and the western part is a vast plateau and is now an educational area.<ref name=":4" />

Malang City is passed by one of the longest rivers in Indonesia and the second longest in [[Java]] after [[Solo River|Bengawan Solo]], the [[Brantas River]] whose source is located on the slopes of [[Mount Arjuno]] in the northwest of the city. The second longest river in Malang is the Metro River through Malang in Karangbesuki village, Sukun subdistrict.

The city of Malang is located at a [[plateau]]. The city lies at an altitude between 440 and 667 metres above sea level. The city's highest point is in CitraGarden City Malang, a real estate development,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.propertynbank.com/ciputra-group-kembangkan-kota-mandiri-100-ha-di-malang/|title=Ciputra Group Kembangkan Kota Mandiri 100 ha Di Malang|newspaper=Property & Bank|language=id-ID|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> while the lowest area of Malang is in the Dieng area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2016/02/23/inilah-langkah-dinas-pu-kota-malang-atasi-banjir-di-dieng|title=Inilah Langkah Dinas PU Kota Malang Atasi Banjir di Dieng – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref>

The city of Malang, together with the surrounding districts of [[Malang Regency]], is surrounded by mountains and [[mountain range]]s. The city is surrounded by [[Arjuno-Welirang|Mount Arjuno]] in the north; [[Mount Semeru]] to the east; [[Mount Kawi]] and [[Mount Butak]] in the west; [[Mount Kelud]] in the south.<ref name=":4" /> The popular active volcano [[Mount Bromo]] is about 25&nbsp;km (16 miles) east of the city, and in November 2010, the airport was closed for nearly a week due to airborne ash from an eruption.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/208717/indonesia-closes-airport-as-volcano-rumbles | title =Volcano closes Indonesia airport| work =Bangkok Post| date = 29 November 2010}}</ref>

=== Cityscapes ===
{{Wide image|View of Malang from The 1o1 Hotel 2019-01-24 (cropped).jpg|1560px|Panorama view of Malang city with [[Arjuno-Welirang]] and [[Mount Kawi|Kawi]] [[Mount Butak|Butak]] mountains covered by [[Cumulonimbus cloud]] in January 2019.|dir=rtl}}

{{wide image|Skyline Malang Barat.jpg|1000px|The view of West Malang from State University of Malang tower. University of Brawijaya's rectorate and main library building can be seen as a tower on the left side of the picture.}}

=== Climate ===
The Climate in Malang city features [[tropical monsoon climate]] (''Am'') as the climate precipitation throughout the year is greatly influenced by the monsoon, bordering with [[subtropical highland climate]] (''Cwb''). The driest month is August with precipitation total 26&nbsp;mm, while the wettest month is January with precipitation total 400&nbsp;mm. The temperature is moderated by the altitude, as the city is located at 506 m above sea level. The hottest month is October with average 24.8&nbsp;°C, while the coolest month is July with average 22.6&nbsp;°C.
{{Weather box
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = 
|location = Malang, elevation {{convert|590|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = 27.1
|Feb high C = 27.3
|Mar high C = 27.5
|Apr high C = 27.7
|May high C = 27.9
|Jun high C = 27.5
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 29.2
|Oct high C = 29.5
|Nov high C = 28.3
|Dec high C = 27.2

|Jan mean C = 23.6
|Feb mean C = 23.7
|Mar mean C = 23.8
|Apr mean C = 23.9
|May mean C = 23.8
|Jun mean C = 23.1
|Jul mean C = 22.6
|Aug mean C = 22.7
|Sep mean C = 23.7
|Oct mean C = 24.5
|Nov mean C = 24.2
|Dec mean C = 23.6

|Jan low C = 21.5
|Feb low C = 21.5
|Mar low C = 21.5
|Apr low C = 21.4
|May low C = 20.8
|Jun low C = 19.8
|Jul low C = 18.9
|Aug low C = 18.7
|Sep low C = 19.7
|Oct low C = 20.9
|Nov low C = 21.5
|Dec low C = 21.5

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 350
|Feb precipitation mm = 335
|Mar precipitation mm = 335
|Apr precipitation mm = 255
|May precipitation mm = 107
|Jun precipitation mm = 65
|Jul precipitation mm = 27
|Aug precipitation mm = 15
|Sep precipitation mm = 32
|Oct precipitation mm = 106
|Nov precipitation mm = 285
|Dec precipitation mm = 362

|Jan rain days = 21
|Feb rain days = 20
|Mar rain days = 19
|Apr rain days = 17
|May rain days = 10
|Jun rain days = 6
|Jul rain days = 2
|Aug rain days = 1
|Sep rain days = 3
|Oct rain days = 9
|Nov rain days = 18
|Dec rain days = 21

|Jan humidity = 89
|Feb humidity = 89
|Mar humidity = 89
|Apr humidity = 88
|May humidity = 85
|Jun humidity = 84
|Jul humidity = 81
|Aug humidity = 78
|Sep humidity = 76
|Oct humidity = 77
|Nov humidity = 84
|Dec humidity = 89

|Jand sun = 6
|Febd sun = 7
|Mard sun = 7
|Aprd sun = 8
|Mayd sun = 8
|Jund sun = 9
|Juld sun = 9
|Augd sun = 10
|Sepd sun = 10
|Octd sun = 9
|Novd sun = 7
|Decd sun = 6
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-5-WMO-Normals-9120/Indonesia/CSV/StasiunKlimatologiMalang_96943.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 19 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Administration==
The city of Malang was previously led by Mayor [[Sutiaji]] from 2018 until 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4226113/resmi-12-kepala-daerah-di-jawa-timur-dilantik |title=Resmi, 12 Kepala Daerah di Jawa Timur Dilantik |date=24 September 2018 |first=Hilda Meilisa |last=Rinanda |website=[[Detik News]] |language=id |trans-title=Official, 12 Regional Heads in [[East Java]] Inaugurated |access-date=27 April 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924110031/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4226113/resmi-12-kepala-daerah-di-jawa-timur-dilantik |archive-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> The city's legislative body, the [[Malang City Regional People's Representative Council|DPRD Kota Malang]] has 45 seats, in which dominated by [[PDI-P]] (11 seats), [[National Awakening Party|PKB]] (6 seats), and [[Golkar Party]] (5 seats). The members are elected every five years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wartamalang.com/2014/10/sah-dilantik-ketua-dprd-dan-wakil-kota-malang-tancap-gas/ |title=Sah Dilantik, Ketua dan Wakil DPRD Kota Malang Tancap Gas |last=Rizky |first=Doddy |date=16 October 2014 |website=Warta Malang |access-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619215647/http://wartamalang.com/2014/10/sah-dilantik-ketua-dprd-dan-wakil-kota-malang-tancap-gas/ |archive-date=19 June 2015 |url-status=dead |language=id |trans-title=Legally Inaugurated, Chairman and Deputy of [[Malang City Regional People's Representative Council]] Step on the Gas}}</ref>

Malang is divided into five [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]] (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 Census.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">{{cite book |date=26 February 2021 |title=Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2021 |language=id |trans-title=[[Malang City]] In Numbers 2021 |url=https://malangkota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/4ccb213f9a2a7ba007bff7c4/kota-malang-dalam-angka-2021.html |location=Malang |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia|BPS Kota Malang]]}}</ref> The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of [[administrative village]]s or subdistricts (urban ''kelurahan'') in each district, and their postal codes.

<div style="float: left;margin:0 2em 0 0;">{{Malang City labelled map}}</div>

{| cellspacing="2px"
|
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:84%;"
|-
! Adm.<br>no.
! [[Districts of Indonesia|District]]
! Adm.<br>center
! Area<br>in<br>km<sup>2</sup>
! Pop'n.<br>Census<br>2020
! Pop'n <br> in mid <br>2024 <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3573)</ref>
! No.<br>of<br>[[Village (Indonesia)|Villages]]
! Postal<br>codes
|-
| 35.73.01 || [[Blimbing, Malang|Blimbing]] ||Arjosari|| align="right" |17.731|| align="right" |182,331|| align="right" | 191,907|| align="center" | 11||65121 – 65126{{ref|Blimbing|[a]}}
|-
| 35.73.02 || [[Klojen]] ||Gadingkasri|| align="right" |8.829|| align="right" |94,112|| align="right" | 100,818|| align="center" | 11||65111 – 65119
|-
| 35.73.03 || [[Kedungkandang]] ||Buring|| align="right" |39.852|| align="right" |207,428|| align="right" | 217,877|| align="center" | 12||65132 – 65139
|-
| 35.73.04 || [[Sukun, Malang|Sukun]] ||Bandungrejosari|| align="right" |20.864|| align="right" |196,300|| align="right" | 206,910|| align="center" | 11||65146 – 65149
|-
| 35.73.05 || [[Lowokwaru]] ||Tulusrejo|| align="right" |23.801|| align="right" |163,639|| align="right" | 171,847|| align="center" | 12||65141 – 65145
|-
| '''35.73''' || '''Malang''' || '''[[Klojen]]''' || align="right" | '''111.077''' || align="right" | '''843,810''' || align="right" | '''889,359'''|| align="center" | '''57'''|| '''65111 – 65149'''
|}
|}
;Note: 
:a.{{note|Blimbing||Except for ''kelurahan'' of Jodipan (which has a postal code 65137).}}
{{clear}}

The names of the ''kelurahan'' are as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://malangkota.go.id/pemerintahan/kecamatan-dan-kelurahan |title=Kecamatan dan Kelurahan |website=Pemerintah [[Malang City|Kota Malang]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929023849/https://malangkota.go.id/pemerintahan/kecamatan-dan-kelurahan/ |archive-date=29 September 2023 |url-status=live |language=id |trans-title=[[District (Indonesia)|District]]s and [[Village (Indonesia)|Village]]s}}</ref>
* [[Blimbing, Malang|Blimbing]]:
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
# Arjosari
# Balearjosari
# Blimbing
# Bunulrejo
# Jodipan
# Kesatrian
# Pandanwangi
# Polehan
# Polowijen
# Purwantoro
# Purwodadi
}}

* [[Klojen]]:
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
# Bareng
# Gadingasri
# Kasin
# Kauman
# Kiduldalem
# Klojen
# Oro-Oro Dowo
# Penanggungan
# Rampal Celaket
# Samaan
# Sukoharjo
}}

* [[Kedungkandang]]: 
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
# Arjowinangun
# Bumiayu
# Buring
# Cemorokandang
# Kedungkandang
# Kotalama
# Lesanpuro
# Madyopuro
# Mergosono
# Sawojajar
# Tlogowaru
# Wonokoyo
}}

* [[Sukun, Malang|Sukun]]: 
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
# Bakalankrajan
# Bandulan
# Bandungrejosari
# Ciptomulyo
# Gadang
# Karangbesuki
# Kebonsari
# Mulyorejo
# Pisangcandi
# Sukun
# Tanjungrejo
}}

* [[Lowokwaru]]: 
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
# Dinoyo
# Jatimulyo
# Ketawanggede
# Lowokwaru
# Merjosari
# Mojolangu
# Sumbersari
# Tasikmadu
# Tlogomas
# Tulusrejo
# Tunggulwulung
# Tunjungsekar
}}

== Demographics ==
Malang municipality had a population of 843,810 at the 2020 Census,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malangkota.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/441|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=malangkota.bps.go.id|language=en|access-date=17 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> with over 3 million clustering in the [[List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia|Malang Valley]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malangkab.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/501|title=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Malang|website=malangkab.bps.go.id|language=en|access-date=17 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> making it the province's second most populous city. However, the population growth is low, at about 0.12 percent a year, and the mid-2022 official estimate was just 846,126.

=== Ethnic backgrounds ===
The racial makeup of the city is mainly [[Javanese people|Javanese]],<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.surabaya.bpk.go.id/?page_id=8179|title=BPK Perwakilan Provinsi Jawa Timur » Kota Malang|website=www.surabaya.bpk.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan|BPK]] Surabaya|language=id-ID|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> with small percentages of [[Madurese people|Madurese]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediacenter.malangkota.go.id/2013/08/said-sambangi-warga-madura/#axzz4ylkOU0aR|title=Said Sambangi Warga Madura {{!}} {{!}} Media Center Kendedes – Info Publik Kota Malang|website=mediacenter.malangkota.go.id|language=id-ID|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]] and [[Arab Indonesians|Arab]] descent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/hikayat-pendakwah-di-kampung-arab/|title=Hikayat Pendakwah di Kampung Arab – Radar Malang Online|date=15 June 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=en-US|access-date=18 November 2017|archive-date=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126210051/http://www.radarmalang.id/hikayat-pendakwah-di-kampung-arab/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Compared with other Javanese people, the Javanese people of Malang have a hard and egalitarian character.<ref name=":20"/>

=== Religion ===
{{Bar box
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|90.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestantism]]|Blue|5.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Catholicism]]|Purple|3.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Yellow|0.43}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|Orange|0.14}}
{{bar percent|Others{{efn|Including [[Confucianism]] and [[Indigenous religion]].}}|Red|0.02}} |float=right|left1=Religion|right1=Percentage|title=Religion in Malang (2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://malangkota.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/02/28/a2f2a9dec4e415a79da3d6d6/kota-malang-dalam-angka-2025.html |title=Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2025 |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia|Badan Pusat Statistik]] Kota Malang |date=28 February 2025 |access-date=14 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414084231/https://malangkota.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/02/28/a2f2a9dec4e415a79da3d6d6/kota-malang-dalam-angka-2025.html |archive-date=14 April 2025 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd}}

Up until the 14th century, Malang was part of an [[Greater India|Indianized]] majority [[Hindu]]-[[Buddhist]] kingdom like most of Java. Now a majority of Malang residents are Muslims. There are minorities of Protestants, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucians.

Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, the [[Great Mosque of Malang|City of Malang Grand Mosque]] (''Masjid Agung Jami Kota Malang'' —  مسجد ملانغ الكبير) in Malang City Square (''Alun-alun Kota Malang''); the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (''Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus'') in Kayutangan; [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Malang|Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral]] (''Gereja Ijen'' or ''Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel'') on Jalan Ijen, which is the seat for the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang]]; the Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong Confucian Temple (''Klenteng Eng An Kiong'' —  永安宮廟) in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang.

Malang is famous for being a center of religious education. This is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (madrasahs and ''pesantren'') and Christian bible seminaries. Malang has several convents and monasteries: Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several others.
<gallery>
File:Masjid Jamek Malang, 2019.jpg|Masjid Agung Jami Malang
File:Candi Badut.JPG|Candi Badut
File:Vihara Dharma Mitra Malang.jpg|[[Buddhist]] [[Vihara]] Dharma Mitra
File:Klenteng Tridharma Eng An Kiong Malang.jpg|Eng An Kiong [[Chinese temple architecture|Chinese Temple]] 
File:Kayutangan Street with Kayutangan Cathedral in the background, 2020.jpg|Kayutangan Parish seen from Kayutangan Street
</gallery>

=== Language ===
The [[Arekan dialect]] of the [[Javanese language]] is the day-to-day language used in Malang. Like those of Surabaya, citizens of Malang adopt an egalitarian form of Javanese. As becomes a center of educational, there are many languages from outside Java spoken in Malang.

Many native Malang youths adopt a dialect that is called "''[[Boso Walikan]]''".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Espree-Conaway |first=DeAndre |date=2024 |title=Bahasa Walikan Malang: Linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic data |url=https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FFQGMZ |journal=Harvard Dataverse |volume=V6|doi=10.7910/DVN/FFQGMZ }}</ref> This is a form of [[language game]] that consists of reversing the pronunciation of the words, e.g. "Malang" becomes "Ngalam".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hanggoro|first=Wahyu Puji|date=1 January 2016|title=BAHASA WALIKAN SEBAGAI IDENTITAS AREK MALANG|url=http://jurnal.fib.uns.ac.id/index.php/etnografi/article/view/218|journal=Etnografi|language=id|volume=16|issue=1|pages=23–30|issn=1411-7258|archive-date=26 October 2018|access-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026200718/http://jurnal.fib.uns.ac.id/index.php/etnografi/article/view/218|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Non-residents ===
Temporary residents in Malang are mostly there for educational reasons. They come from other islands, mainly in East and Central Indonesia, which includes [[Bali]], [[Madura Island|Madura]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Lesser Sunda Islands|Nusa Tenggara]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], and [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]]. There are also a large number of students originating from [[Jakarta]], [[West Java]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]].

== Economy ==
[[File:Seorang Pemotor Melintasi Jembatan Suhat, Kota Malang. April 2021.jpg|thumb|332x332px|A motorist passing by the "Suhat Bridge" with a highrise apartment building visible in the background.]]
Malang has a developed and diverse economy and is also an economic area highlighted by the East Java Provincial Government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/159960/20171012/174731/pemprov-jatim-klaim-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-lebih-cepat/|title=Pemprov Jatim Klaim Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Lebih Cepat {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> The [[gross regional domestic product]] (GRDP) of Malang reached 57,171.60 billion [[rupiah]]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malangkota.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Produk-Domestik-Regional-Bruto-Kota-Malang-Menurut-Pengeluaran-2012-2016.pdf|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kota Malang Menurut Pengeluaran 2012–2016|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik|BPS]] Kota Malang|access-date=20 November 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> with economic contribution of 3.06% to the GRDP of East Java; Malang became the city with the third largest GRDP in East Java and second-level region (''daerah tingkat II'', includes regencies and cities) with the tenth largest GRDP in East Java.<ref name=":9">{{cite web|url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/4dm!n/pdf_publikasi/Produk-Domestik-Regional-Bruto-Provinsi-Jawa-Timur-Kabupaten-Kota-Menurut-Lapangan-Usaha-2012---2016.pdf|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Jawa Timur Kabupaten/Kota Menurut Lapangan Usaha 2012 – 2016|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035353/https://jatim.bps.go.id/4dm!n/pdf_publikasi/Produk-Domestik-Regional-Bruto-Provinsi-Jawa-Timur-Kabupaten-Kota-Menurut-Lapangan-Usaha-2012---2016.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> GRDP per capita of Malang City, which is 66,758,1 hundred thousand rupiahs is the sixth largest in East Java, after [[Pasuruan Regency]].<ref name=":9" /> Malang has about 6,000 unemployed people<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://regional.liputan6.com/read/2909542/angka-pengangguran-di-kota-malang-turun-kok-bisa|title=Angka Pengangguran di Kota Malang Turun, Kok Bisa?|last=Liputan6.com|newspaper=liputan6.com|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> with an open unemployment rate of 7.28%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nusantara.news/tingkat-disnaker-harus-sigap-pengangguran-kota-malang-lebih-tinggi-dari-jatim/|title=Tingkat Disnaker Harus Sigap, Pengangguran Kota Malang Lebih Tinggi dari Jatim {{!}} Nusantara.news|last=Aditya|first=Sinergy|website=nusantara.news|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> The economy of Malang is supported by various sectors, including industry, services, trade, and tourism. Trade contributed the most, with 29.53% of the total GRDP of Malang City.<ref name="BPS Kota Malang">{{cite web|url=https://malangkota.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Produk-Domestik-Regional-Bruto-Kota-Malang-Menurut-Lapangan-Usaha-2012-2016.pdf|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kota Malang Menurut Lapangan Usaha 2012–2016|publisher=BPS Kota Malang|access-date=2 November 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Malang is also the home of one of the famous tobacco companies, namely [[Bentoel Group|Bentoel]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/foto/pariwisata/wisata-menengok-sudut-ruangan-museum-bentoel-malang-160408h/wisata-menengok-sudut-ruangan-museum-bentoel-malang-160408h-002.html|title=Wisata: Menengok sudut ruangan Museum Bentoel Malang|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

Malang implements a system of creative economy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/758565/kota-malang-menuju-lumbung-sdm-ekonomi-kreatif|title=Kota Malang Menuju Lumbung SDM Ekonomi Kreatif|last=Tempo.co|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> This can be proved by the high role of [[Small and medium-sized enterprises|micro, small and medium-sized enterprises]] (MSMEs) in the economy. The city government continues to encourage the development of MSMEs, among them by holding various [[Trade fair|expos]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/ppk-sampoerna-expo-2017-sukses-digelar|title=Wali Kota Malang: PPK Sampoerna Expo 2017 Sukses Digelar|last=JPNN.com|newspaper=jpnn.com|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> and [[festival]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2016/11/03/205426826/pacu.perkembangan.ekonomi.kreatif.kota.malang.gelar.festival.mbois|title=Pacu Perkembangan Ekonomi Kreatif, Kota Malang Gelar Festival Mbois - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> In addition to MSMEs, applications and digital games were made subsectors of the application of creative economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bekraf.go.id/berita/page/8/kota-malang-menetapkan-aplikasi-games-sebagai-subsektor-unggulan-ekonomi-kreatif|title=Kota Malang Menetapkan Aplikasi & Games sebagai Subsektor Unggulan Ekonomi Kreatif|last=BEKRAF|first=Badan Ekonomi Kreatif Indonesia -|website=www.bekraf.go.id|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043859/http://www.bekraf.go.id/berita/page/8/kota-malang-menetapkan-aplikasi-games-sebagai-subsektor-unggulan-ekonomi-kreatif|url-status=dead}}</ref> Indirectly, this creative economy also increases the human development of Malang City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1222182/97/ekonomi-kreatif-dorong-ipm-kota-malang-capai-8046-1500468005|title=Ekonomi Kreatif Dorong IPM Kota Malang Capai 80,46%|newspaper=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

In 2016, the economy of Malang grew by 5.61%.<ref name="BPS Kota Malang" /> This rapid economic growth is being boosted by tourism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/10/02/ox69e2438-wawali-kota-malang-pariwisata-berperan-dongkrak-ekonomi|title=Wawali Kota Malang: Pariwisata Berperan Dongkrak Ekonomi {{!}} Republika Online|newspaper=Republika Online|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/kabar-malang/sektor-pariwisata-berperan-penting-mendongkrak-sektor-ekonomi-171002f.html|title=Sektor pariwisata berperan penting mendongkrak sektor ekonomi|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bisniswisata.co.id/2017-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-di-malang-dipacu-pariwisata/|title=2017, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Malang Dipacu Pariwisata {{!}} Portal Berita Bisnis Wisata|last=Poerwanto|first=Endy|website=bisniswisata.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041240/http://bisniswisata.co.id/2017-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-di-malang-dipacu-pariwisata/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, rapid economic growth was contributed by MSMEs,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/04/27/umkm-jadi-kontributor-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-kota-malang|title=UMKM Jadi Kontributor Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota Malang – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> industry and trade.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malangvoice.com/sektor-industri-dan-perdagangan-sumbang-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-kota-malang/|title=Sektor Industri dan Perdagangan Sumbang Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota Malang – MalangVoice|date=27 April 2017|newspaper=MalangVoice|language=id-ID|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

[[Inflation]] in Malang is very low. In September 2017, [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] (BPS) noted that inflation in Malang was 0.05%.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-3702404/september-2017-inflasi-kota-malang-lebih-rendah-dari-surabaya|title=September 2017, Inflasi Kota Malang Lebih Rendah dari Surabaya|last=Aminudin|first=Muhammad|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> The underlying cause of inflation is the rise in the general [[consumer price index]].<ref name=":11" /> Although low, Malang's inflation rate was once the highest in East Java, that is in July 2017 with inflation of 0.30%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/inflasi-kota-malang-tertinggi-se-jatim/|title=Inflasi Kota Malang Tertinggi Se-Jatim – Radar Malang Online|date=4 August 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id-ID|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035927/http://www.radarmalang.id/inflasi-kota-malang-tertinggi-se-jatim/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Transport==

===Road===
There are 2,960 roads in Malang with a total length of {{convert|1027|km|mi}}.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/03/31/ternyata-pemicu-kemacetan-di-kota-malang-tak-hanya-meningkatnya-kendaraan-ini-penyebab-lainnya|title=Ternyata, Pemicu Kemacetan di Kota Malang Tak Hanya Meningkatnya Kendaraan, Ini Penyebab Lainnya – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/kota-malang-makin-macet-waspadai-7-jalan-titik-kemacetan-ini/|title=Kota Malang Makin Macet, Waspadai 7 Jalan Titik Kemacetan Ini! – Radar Malang Online|date=7 August 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032624/http://www.radarmalang.id/kota-malang-makin-macet-waspadai-7-jalan-titik-kemacetan-ini/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This count does not include provincial and state roads.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /> In addition to being located at [[Indonesian National Route 23]], which connects it to [[Gempol, East Java|Gempol]] and [[Kepanjen]], Malang is also connected to provincial roads<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dpupr.malangkota.go.id/katagori-jalan-kota-malang/|title=Katagori Jalan Di Kota Malang – DPUPR Kota Malang|date=17 October 2016|newspaper=DPUPR Kota Malang|language=en-US|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> linking regencies and cities in East Java. To increase connectivity in East Java, [[toll road]]s are being built, one of them is the [[Pandaan-Malang Toll Road]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bappeda.jatimprov.go.id/2017/04/12/14587/|title=Bappeda Provinsi Jawa Timur – Musrenbang Jatim Mengungkit Sejahtera Rakyat|website=bappeda.jatimprov.go.id|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> This toll road will end in [[Madyopuro]], [[Kedungkandang]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/10/26/fakta-pembangunan-tol-malang-pandaan-ternyata-ada-warga-yang-ambil-uang-ganti-rugi?page=2|title=Fakta Pembangunan Tol Malang Pandaan, Ternyata Ada Warga yang Ambil Uang Ganti Rugi – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> Now the toll has entered the construction phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/bisnis/2017/10/14/pembebasan-lahan-pembangunan-jalan-tol-pandaan-malang-sudah-mencapai-78-persen|title=Pembebasan Lahan Pembangunan Jalan Tol Pandaan-Malang Sudah Mencapai 78 Persen - Tribunnews.com|newspaper=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Idjen Street, Malang, 2019.jpg|thumb|298x298px|The Famous Idjen Street]]

On 28 May 2006, [[Sidoarjo mud flow|a blow-out]] occurred during drilling for an exploration of [[natural gas]] in [[Porong]], [[Sidoarjo Regency]]. The blow-out initially produced {{cvt|5000|m3}} of mud flow per day. 18 months after the incident, the mudflow is estimated to be {{cvt|80,000 to 100000|m3}} per day. This ongoing mudflow has forced the closure of the [[Porong]]-[[Gempol]] toll road in East Java, which effectively cut off the transport line from [[Surabaya]] to Malang.<ref name="Inside_Indonesia">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.insideindonesia.org/weekly-articles/un-natural-disaster
| author = Jim Schiller
| title = Un-natural disaster
| publisher = Inside Indonesia
}}</ref> In mid-2015, a new highway — [[Gempol-Pandaan Toll Road]] — opened for the public to ease transport from Malang to Surabaya and [[Pasuruan]] to Surabaya, vice versa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/06/13/gempol-pandaan-toll-road-ease-freight-traffic-east-java.html|title=Gempol-Pandaan toll road to ease freight traffic in East Java|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=22 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>

The primary public transportation is [[microvan]]s (most of them are [[Suzuki Carry]]), painted blue for legal public use. Those microvans are called [[Share taxi#Indonesia|''Angkot'']] both officially and casually (from '''''Ang'''kutan'' = transportation and '''''Kot'''a'' = city) but some locals prefer to call it by the name ''Mikrolet''. They are operated privately and cheap, around IDR 4,000 each boarding, but the angkots are usually cramped. The Department of Transportation of Malang operates angkots and [[school bus]]es. Both services serve both the city centre and the suburbs. There are now 25 ''angkot'' routes in the city.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://mediacenter.malangkota.go.id/info-kota/transportasi/jalur-angkutan-kota-malang/#axzz4zGh4IbPI|title=Jalur Angkutan Kota Malang {{!}} Media Center Kendedes – Info Publik Kota Malang| website=mediacenter.malangkota.go.id|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> The school buses began operating on 29 December 2014<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/227243/pemkot_malang_launching_bus_sekolah_dan_pariwisata.html | title=Pemkot Malang Launching Bus Sekolah dan Pariwisata | website=www.beritajatim.com | access-date=14 April 2018 | archive-date=19 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019205714/http://www.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/227243/pemkot_malang_launching_bus_sekolah_dan_pariwisata.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> and there are now six school buses with six routes.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://mediacenter.malangkota.go.id/info-kota/transportasi/rute-bus-sekolah-kota-malang/ |title=Rute Bus Sekolah Kota Malang |website=mediacenter.malangkota.go.id |language=id-ID}}</ref> Malang has a large intercity bus terminal, Arjosari, located in Blimbing, North Malang. [[Gojek]] and [[Grab (company)|Grab]] operate in Malang. A protest was held by angkot and taxi drivers opposing these companies on 20 February 2017, leading [[Gojek]] to close its office in Malang temporarily.<ref>{{cite news| last1=Christiyaningsih |title=Buntut Protes Sopir Angkot, Kantor Gojek Malang Tutup Sementara| trans-title=After a protest by public transportation drivers, the Malang Gojek office is temporarily closed | url=https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/02/20/olo8bb361-buntut-protes-sopir-angkot-kantor-gojek-malang-tutup-sementara|work=[[Republika (Indonesian newspaper)|Republika]] | date=20 February 2017| language=id}}</ref>

According to [[INRIX]], Malang is one of the most congested cities in the world with total time spent in a year in congestion of 39.3 hours (20% of total time).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://inrix.com/scorecard/#|title=INRIX Global Traffic Scorecard|last=INRIX|website=INRIX – INRIX|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> According to a [[Brawijaya University]] survey, 46.2% of city residents consider congestion in the city to be severe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://surabaya.bisnis.com/read/20170517/4/96107/kemacetan-lalu-lintas-di-malang-dinilai-parah-ini-hasil-survei|title=Kemacetan Lalu Lintas di Malang Dinilai Parah, Ini Hasil Survei|website=surabaya.bisnis.com|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035617/http://surabaya.bisnis.com/read/20170517/4/96107/kemacetan-lalu-lintas-di-malang-dinilai-parah-ini-hasil-survei|url-status=dead}}</ref> This congestion also eliminates the convenience of the tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antarajatim.com/lihat/berita/101144/kemacetan-kota-malang-hilangkan-kenyamanan-wisatawan|title=Kemacetan Kota Malang Hilangkan Kenyamanan Wisatawan|website=www.antarajatim.com|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044328/http://www.antarajatim.com/lihat/berita/101144/kemacetan-kota-malang-hilangkan-kenyamanan-wisatawan|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city government has tried to overcome it by planning the development of monorail<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2017/01/14/kota-malang-akan-segera-miliki-monorel|title=Kota Malang Akan Segera Miliki Monorel - Tribunnews.com|newspaper=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/15/04/24/nnacwv-gondola-dinilai-tak-cocok-jadi-alat-transportasi-di-malang|title=Gondola Dinilai tak Cocok Jadi Alat Transportasi di Malang {{!}} Republika Online|newspaper=Republika Online|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> and underpasses. However, after conducting several comparative studies, the government stated that Malang is unable to build monorails and underpasses because it is very expensive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/04/22/jangan-mimpi-dulu-kota-malang-punya-monorel-dan-underpass-simak-penjelasan-pemkot-malang|title=Jangan Mimpi Dulu Kota Malang Punya Monorel dan Underpass, Simak Penjelasan Pemkot Malang – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

===Railway===
The [[Malang railway station|Malang Station]], located in the centre of Malang,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/07/28/060400027/7-penginapan-murah-meriah-di-dekat-stasiun-malang|title=7 Penginapan Murah Meriah di Dekat Stasiun Malang - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> is the main railway station of the city and serves 832,181 passengers<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-3539766/daops-8-jumlah-penumpang-ka-meningkat-5-persen|title=Daops 8: Jumlah Penumpang KA Meningkat 5 Persen|last=Aminudin|first=Muhammad|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> with the number reaching 5 thousand people per day<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/154817/20170624/213723/masa-mudik-lebaran-jumlah-penumpang-kereta-ke-kota-malang-capai-5-ribu-orang-perhari/|title=Masa Mudik Lebaran, Jumlah Penumpang Kereta ke Kota Malang Capai 5 Ribu Orang Perhari {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> on the [[mudik]] of 2017. The station is the largest railway station in Malang<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/tag/stasiun-kota-malang|title=Stasiun Kota Malang – Surya Malang|website=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> and connects Malang with other major cities in Indonesia such as [[Surabaya]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/jawa-barat/2017/11/23/jalur-kereta-api-selatan-kembali-normal-malam-ini-414398|title=Jalur Kereta Api Selatan Kembali Normal Malam Ini|date=23 November 2017|newspaper=Pikiran Rakyat|language=id|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> [[Bandung]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2016/09/25/dari-malang-ke-bandung-bisa-naik-kereta-api-ini-rute-baru-yang-tersedia-di-stasiun-malang-kota-baru|title=Dari Malang ke Bandung Bisa Naik Kereta Api, Ini Rute Baru yang Tersedia di Stasiun Malang Kota Baru – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> and [[Jakarta]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/537816/ka-jayabaya-jakarta-malang-jadi-12-jam|title=KA Jayabaya Jakarta-Malang jadi 12 jam – ANTARA News|last=antaranews.com|newspaper=Antara News|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> It is near Malang City Hall and some other governmental and primary public services. The station is frequently called as the Malang Kotabaru Station to distinguish it from Malang Kotalama Station which is located in Sukun, South Malang. There is also a small train station, Blimbing located in Blimbing, North Malang which is strategically located near five and four-star hotels and the city's business and commercial district.

To ease commuters from [[Yogyakarta]] to Malang vice versa, on 20 May 2012 Malioboro Express (Moleks) has been operated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/05/18/199404615/Malioboro-Ekspres-Layani-Yogya-Malang-Mulai-Minggu |title=Malioboro Ekspres Layani Yogya-Malang Mulai Minggu |access-date=27 June 2012|date=18 May 2012 }}</ref>

Previously, there was a tram system in Malang, but now it is defunct.

===Air===
[[File:Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport]]|alt=|233x233px]]
Malang is served by 2 airports in the region. [[Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/891306/rakernas-apeksi-di-malang-garuda-tambah-jadwal-penerbangan|title=Rakernas Apeksi di Malang, Garuda Tambah Jadwal Penerbangan|last=tnr|first=Ali Akhmad Noor Hidayat|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> is located closer to the city center.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesindonesia.co.id/read/128703/20160715/184908/bandara-abdul-rachman-saleh-kembali-ditutup/|title=Bandara Abdul Rachman Saleh Kembali Ditutup {{!}} TIMES Indonesia|newspaper=TIMES Indonesia|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> This airport connects the city to domestic cities including Jakarta<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.antvklik.com/news/bandara-abdulrachman-saleh|title=cuaca buruk bandara abdulrachman saleh malang ditutup|date=15 November 2017|newspaper=ANTV|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> and Denpasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/08/21/20562321/dua-pesawat-milik-grup-lion-air-di-malang-batal-terbang-penumpang-terlantar|title=Dua Pesawat Milik Grup Lion Air di Malang Batal Terbang, Penumpang Terlantar - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> The other airport is [[Juanda International Airport]] in [[Sidoarjo Regency]] which is located 96&nbsp;km from the city center and serves both International and Domestic flights. Both airports can be accessed by bus, taxis and travel cabs.

== Education ==
[[File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|thumb|[[University of Brawijaya]] rectorate campus]]
[[File:Muhammadiyah_University_of_Malang,_2019.jpg|thumb|General Education building at the Muhammadiyah [[State University of Malang]]]]
Malang has a strong reputation throughout Indonesia as a center for higher education and learning.<ref>Rough Guide to Indonesia, p.258</ref> The following higher education institutions are located in the city:

'''Public institutions:'''
* [[University of Brawijaya]] (UB)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Banyak Diincar Calon Mahasiswa, Ini Kampus Terbaik di Klaster 1 dan 2 Jawa Timur – Tugujatim.id|url=https://tugujatim.id/banyak-diincar-calon-mahasiswa-ini-kampus-terbaik-di-klaster-1-dan-2-jawa-timur/|access-date=2021-03-28|language=id-ID}}</ref>
* [[State University of Malang]] (UM)
* State Polytechnic of Malang (POLINEMA)
* Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (UIN MALIKI)
'''Private institutions:'''
* Muhammadiyah University of Malang (UMM)
* [[Ma Chung University]]
* Bina Nusantara University of Malang (BINUS Malang)
* Islamic University of Malang (UNISMA)
* Catholic University of Widya Karya Malang (UKWK)
* South East Asia Bible Seminary – SAAT
* STIE Malangkucecwara
* Widyagama University of Malang (UWG)
* Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang (ITN)
* Merdeka University (UNMER)
* Vocational and Educational Development Center Malang (VEDC Malang)
* IKIP Budi Utomo Malang
* Gajayana University of Malang (UNIGA)
* Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang (UNIKAMA)
* [[:id:Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis ASIA Malang|Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis ASIA Malang (ITB Asia)]]

Malang also has two elementary schools, high schools and two international schools, Wesley International School and Bina Bangsa School Malang.

== Healthcare ==
[[File:RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar.jpg|thumb|324x324px|Saiful Anwar Hospital]]
Health services in the city are quite adequate. This is supported by the focus of the city budget carried out by the municipal government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/291913/walikota_malang_ingatkan_pentingnya_pelayanan_kesehatan.html|title=Walikota Malang Ingatkan Pentingnya Pelayanan Kesehatan - beritajatim.com|website=m.beritajatim.com|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182401/http://m.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/291913/walikota_malang_ingatkan_pentingnya_pelayanan_kesehatan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Malang, there are hundreds of hospitals, clinics, ''[[Puskesmas]]'' (community health centres), ''[[Posyandu]]'' (integrated health posts), and other health services. Provincial and municipal governments have hospitals in this city. The provincial government has a hospital of type A, the Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malang-post.com/berita/kota-malang/parkir-bertingkat-rssa-mulai-dikerjakan|title=Parkir Bertingkat RSSA Mulai Dikerjakan|last=Sariglok|website=www.malang-post.com|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201161446/https://www.malang-post.com/berita/kota-malang/parkir-bertingkat-rssa-mulai-dikerjakan|url-status=dead}}</ref> while the city government has a smaller hospital, the Malang Regional General Hospital.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/01/17/ternyata-rsud-kota-malang-belum-punya-izin-pembuangan-limbah-cair|title=Ternyata, RSUD Kota Malang Belum Punya Izin Pembuangan Limbah Cair – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital is the largest hospital in the city. The hospital is a referral hospital in southern [[East Java]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/104008/rumah-sakit-saiful-anwar-bertipe-a|title=Rumah Sakit Saiful Anwar Bertipe A|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> Other public hospitals are the Malang City Hospital, Panti Nirmala Hospital, Lavalette Hospital, Hermina Tangkubanprahu Hospital, RSI Malang, and Persada Hospital.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://malangkota.go.id/layanan-publik/kesehatan/data-rumah-sakit-umum/|title=Data Rumah Sakit Umum – Pemerintah Kota Malang|newspaper=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

Malang has many teaching hospitals. Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital and University of Brawijaya Hospital accommodate by Faculty of Medicine of [[University of Brawijaya]] students.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2016/12/19/rs-universitas-brawijaya-bisa-jadi-tempat-koas|title=RS Universitas Brawijaya Bisa Jadi Tempat Koas – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/602207/universitas-brawijaya-resmi-miliki-rs-tipe-c|title=Universitas Brawijaya resmi miliki RS tipe C – ANTARA News|last=antaranews.com|newspaper=Antara News|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/pendidikan/dunia-kampus/16/12/18/oidm8n335-universitas-brawijaya-miliki-rs-tipe-c|title=Universitas Brawijaya Miliki RS Tipe C {{!}} Republika Online|date=18 December 2016|newspaper=Republika Online|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> The University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital which accommodates Faculty of Medicine's students of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://malangkota.go.id/2011/12/25/wagub-jatim-resmikan-gedung-rawat-inap-rsp-umm/|title=Wagub Jatim Resmikan Gedung Rawat Inap RSP UMM – Pemerintah Kota Malang|date=25 December 2011|newspaper=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Hall of topeng malang.jpg|left|thumb|Topeng Malang Hall|275x275px]]
As a center of tourism, Malang has various places of interest which can be classified into local, regional, national and international standards, including traditional dance performances such as ''[[Topeng|Tari Topeng]]'' (Mask Dance), ''[https://javafinetrip.my.id/beyond-dance-understanding-the-symbolism-of-jaranan-pegon/ Jaranan Pegon]'' (Divine Horse Dance), ''Tari Beskalan'' (Beskalan Dance), ''Tari Bedayan Malang'' (Welcome Guests Dance), and ''Tari Grebeg Wiratama'' (Soldier's Fame Dance). There is also '''Topeng''<nowiki/>' or mask handicraft in the villages of Jabung and Kedungmonggo, which have become a familiar landmark in Malang Regency.

Football is considered a second religion in Malang. The city is home to [[Arema FC]], a popular football club in Indonesia which is also known in [[Asian Football Confederation|the AFC]] for its internationally acclaimed achievements.

Malang is also home to a thriving [[transgender]] (''waria'') community headed by Miss Waria Indonesia 2006, Merlyn Sopjan. Many warias work in entertainment industry, [[beauty salon]]s or become [[prostitute]]s. However, they still face prejudice and they can't get many employment options.<ref name="Transgendered in Malang">{{cite news
| url = http://www.insideindonesia.org/content/view/606/47/
| last = Heriot-Darragh
| first = Kim
| title = Transgendered in Malang
| date = October–December 2007
| work = Inside Indonesia
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091218082251/http://www.insideindonesia.org/content/view/606/47
| archive-date = 18 December 2009
}}</ref>

=== Historic landmarks ===
Because it has been inhabited since [[Prehistory|prehistoric]], various prehistoric objects have been found in Malang. In Bakalankrajan, the people found mortar and dolmen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2013/04/18/14052538/Peninggalan.Prasejarah.Ditemukan.di.Malang|title=Peninggalan Prasejarah Ditemukan di Malang - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> They also found mortar and scratch stones in Tlogomas which are stored in the Mpu Purwa Museum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/219379/batu-zaman-prasejarah-ditemukan-di-malang|title=Batu Zaman Prasejarah Ditemukan di Malang|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/jawatimur/1279113/batu-gores--batu-lumpang-zaman-prasejarah-diekskavasi|title=Batu Gores & Batu Lumpang Zaman Prasejarah Diekskavasi|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/169874/batu-prasejarah-ditemukan-dekat-sungai-purba|title=Batu Prasejarah Ditemukan Dekat Sungai Purba – ANTARA News|last=antaranews.com|newspaper=Antara News|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> In addition, the relics of the [[History of Southeast Asia|Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom]] did not lose. There has been found a [[Shiva|Shiva sect]] of Hindu worship in the days of [[Singhasari]] or [[Majapahit]] in the place near McDonald's restaurant in Dinoyo named the Ketawanggede Site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/iptek/2013/05/06/peninggalan-purbakala-ditemukan-di-parkiran-mcdonald-malang|title=Peninggalan Purbakala Ditemukan di Parkiran McDonald Malang - Tribunnews.com|newspaper=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sains.kompas.com/read/2012/10/10/18444080/Inilah.Situs.Bersejarah.di.Parkiran.McDonalds.Malang|title=Inilah Situs Bersejarah di Parkiran McDonald's Malang - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>

The most famous historical landmark is the relics of the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch era]]. There are historical objects such as ceramic paintings at Hotel Pelangi,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/11/09/060200227/melihat-koleksi-lukisan-keramik-dari-masa-penjajahan-belanda|title=Melihat Koleksi Lukisan Keramik dari Masa Penjajahan Belanda - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Dutch heritage buildings on Jalan Ijen,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/travel/2015/02/26/banyak-bangunan-warisan-belanda-kawasan-jalan-ijen-malang-jadi-wisata-sejarah|title=Banyak Bangunan Warisan Belanda, Kawasan Jalan Ijen Malang Jadi Wisata Sejarah - Tribunnews.com|newspaper=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> and ancient buildings with colonial architecture style.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/begini-cara-unik-jaga-kelestarian-bangunan-kuno-peninggalan-belanda-1605276.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Begini cara unik jaga kelestarian bangunan kuno peninggalan Belanda|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> The Jalan Ijen area is one of the legacies of architect [[Thomas Karsten|Herman Thomas Karsten]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/profil/thomas-karsten-sosok-dibalik-eloknya-arsitektur-belanda-di-malang-170116t.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Thomas Karsten, sosok di balik eloknya arsitektur Belanda di Malang|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-3608066/bukan-ijen-di-banyuwangi-ini-ijen-di-malang|title=Bukan Ijen di Banyuwangi, Ini Ijen di Malang|last=Aminudin|first=Muhammad|newspaper=detikTravel|language=en|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> The Dutch inherited utilities such as drainage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/149078/20161129/184432/ternyata-di-dalam-jalan-amblas-ada-drainase-peninggalan-belanda/|title=Ternyata di Dalam Jalan Amblas Ada Drainase Peninggalan Belanda {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Small objects such as ancient Dutch guldier money were exhibited in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/784121/23/suka-benda-kuno-di-malang-ada-pameran-barang-antik-1379407183|title=Suka benda kuno? Di Malang ada pameran barang antik|newspaper=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>

=== Monuments ===
[[File:Monumen_pesawat_Mig-17_Fresco_di_Malang.jpg|thumb|Mig-17 monument|281x281px]]
As the main city in Indonesia, Malang is involved in various historical events that took place in Indonesia. To mark the event, various monuments and memorials were built that symbolized important historical events. Historic events, especially the struggle for independence which has the most monuments. These monuments include the Tugu Monument which signifies independence from the [[Dutch Empire]];<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/-tugu-kemerdekaan-kota-malang-bukan-hanya-sebatas-monumen-170427y.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Tugu Kemerdekaan Kota Malang, bukan hanya sebatas monumen|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> The TGP Monument (Army Genie Student) was built to commemorate the struggle of the TGP; Monument to the Heroes of the Army of the Republic of Indonesia Student (TRIP), monument to the triumph of the heroes of the TRIP;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/gaya/sejarah-yang-terlupakan-di-balik-monumen-pahlawan-trip-malang.html|title=Sejarah yang terlupakan di balik Monumen Pahlawan TRIP Malang {{!}} merdeka.com|last=Setyorini|first=Tantri|newspaper=merdeka.com|language=id-ID|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref> The Fighting Monument '45 which signifies the collapse of occupation; The Monument of Hamid Rusdi in memory of Hamid Rusdi; General Sudirman Monument that commemorates the struggle of Commander Sudirman; KNIP Malang Monument, the historical monument of the [[Central Indonesian National Committee]] (KNIP); and the Melati Monument (Suropati Cadet Monument), a monument to the awarding of emergency schools at the beginning of the formation of the [[People's Security Army]] (TKR).

Malang symbolizes various things through its monuments. One of them is the historic heritage of Indonesia, namely the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG-17 Aircraft]] Monument with the NATO code "Fresco"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/659229/monumen-jet-tempur-mig-17-hadir-di-kota-batu|title=Monumen Jet Tempur MiG-17 Hadir di Kota Batu|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> located on Jalan Soekarno-Hatta. This monument is a symbol of the strength of the Air Force. This aircraft was used during the [[Operation Trikora|Trikora]] and Confrontation Operations. There is also the Statue of Ken Dedes Monument located at the entrance to the northern side of Malang. In Malang there is also a national poet monument, [[Chairil Anwar]], located on Jalan Basuki Rahmat. To symbolize Malang's contemporary history and identity, various monuments were built. Adipura Monument which is located on Jalan Semeru which signifies Adipura achievement by Malang. As ''Bhumi Arema'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antarajatim.com/berita/192379/wali-kota-malang-bhumi-arema-miniatur-indonesia|title=Wali Kota Malang: Bhumi Arema Miniatur Indonesia|website=www.antarajatim.com|language=id|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> there is the Singo Edan Monument located in Taman Bentoel Trunojoyo<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2014/12/28/patung-singo-edan-seukuran-rumah-didirikan-di-malang|title=Patung Singo Edan Seukuran Rumah Didirikan di Malang – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> and the Arema Monument which is located on Jalan Lembang to symbolize the pride of Malang people to their football club, [[Arema F.C.|Arema FC]].

=== Museums ===
[[File:Museum Brawijaya Malang with Statue of Sudirman.jpg|thumb|Brawijaya Museum with Statue of Sudirman|281x281px]]
Malang, which is a center of settlements since ancient times, has many historical relics ranging from prehistoric relics to the relics of the 1990s. In this city, the museums already exists to the sub-district level.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jawapos.com/radarjember/read/2017/08/25/9778/benda-benda-purbakala-masih-banyak-terabaikan|title=Benda-Benda Purbakala Masih Banyak Terabaikan|last=JawaPos.com|access-date=26 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030811/https://www.jawapos.com/radarjember/read/2017/08/25/9778/benda-benda-purbakala-masih-banyak-terabaikan|url-status=dead}}</ref> Museums that store these relics include the Mpu Purwa Museum, a museum containing [[History of Southeast Asia|Hindu-Buddhist relics]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/01/27/museum-mpu-purwa-sudah-ada-100-arca-dan-prasasti-begini-saran-tim-ahli-cagar-budaya|title=Museum Mpu Purwa Sudah Ada 100 Arca dan Prasasti, Begini Saran Tim Ahli Cagar Budaya – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Malang Tempo Dooe Museum, Malang historical museum, and Brawijaya Museum, the independence war museum. There is also a museum that leaves the historical heritage of a giant Indonesian company, the Bentoel Museum which contains the history of [[Bentoel Group]] and its founders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3256808/belajar-perjuangan-hidup-lewat-museum-bentoel-di-malang|title=Belajar Perjuangan Hidup Lewat Museum Bentoel di Malang|last=Puspasari|first=Dewi|newspaper=detikTravel|language=id-ID|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref>

As one of the most important educational cities since the Dutch East Indies,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/kabar-malang/malang-sebagai-kota-pendidikan-sejak-masa-hindia-belanda-160502n.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Malang sebagai kota pendidikan sejak masa Hindia Belanda|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> Malang also has a lot of scientific heritage left behind by European and Indonesian scientists. Among the many museums that leave these relics, there is the Brother Vianney Zoological Museum which contains hundreds of collections of conological specimens and herpetology specimens.

=== Dances ===

Malang is a city that has various types of traditional dance. According to the cultural area (''tlatah''), Malang belongs to the Arekan Culture. Thus, art dances in the city, especially dance art are more energetic, joyful, and straightforward. Malang dances vary, ranging from welcome dances, namely Beskalan dance, respect dance such as Bedayan dance, to Grebeg Wiratama dance which describes the spirit of war.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://malangkota.go.id/fasilitas-daerah/kesenian/|title=Kesenian – Pemerintah Kota Malang|newspaper=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Although there are many dances besides these dances, the famous Malang dance is the famous Mask Dance. The dance is a dance art performance where all characters use masks. In general, dances often use banner stories, stories of [[Javanese culture|classical Javanese land]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/melihat-lebih-dekat-4-kesenian-tari-khas-kota-malang-160406n.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Melihat lebih dekat 4 kesenian tari khas Kota Malang|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

In addition to dance, the city also has art in the form of performances. The most famous show is the Banteng show. This art developed in villages rooted in the history of [[Singhasari]] in the district. However, even some areas in the very modern city still have the Bantengan community.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/bantengan-seni-tradisional-khas-malang-sejak-zaman-kerajaan-singosari-160402s.html|title=Bantengan, seni tradisional khas Malang sejak zaman kerajaan Singosari|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> This art involves bull ancestors who were summoned by elders. Bantengan is considered unique, but there are local people who oppose it.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/02/22/sempat-vakum-begini-kondisi-seni-bantengan-sekarang|title=Sempat Vakum, Begini Kondisi Seni Bantengan Sekarang – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Malangan Braiding Line is no less exciting. This show is an art performance that displays a group of people who are ready to act with a braid line (piggyback).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/gaya-hidup/mengintip-uniknya-pertunjukan-jaran-kepang-malangan-160414g.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Mengintip uniknya pertunjukan Jaran Kepang Malangan|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Sometimes, Jaran Kapan dancers get tranced state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-2070478/penari-kesurupan-tari-jaran-kepang-memang-bikin-heboh|title=Penari Kesurupan, Tari Jaran Kepang Memang Bikin Heboh|last=Kusumaningrum|first=Dyah Astuti|newspaper=detikTravel|language=en|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Malang is a famous culinary city at [[Street food|affordable prices]]. The affordable culinary variety is among the major reasons why the city has become one of the best cities to study in Indonesia, especially for university students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-21 |title=5 Alasan Mahasiswa Kuliah Di Malang |url=https://tugumalang.id/5-alasan-mahasiswa-kuliah-di-malang/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dishes typical of Malang, [[Javanese cuisine]], domestically [[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesia cuisine]], [[Chinese cuisine]], [[Indian cuisine]], [[Arab cuisine]] and [[European cuisine]] in Malang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/03/25/tema-hut-kota-malang-ke-103-adalah-harmoni-merekat-nilai-kebangsaan-ini-rangkaian-acaranya|title=Tema HUT Kota Malang ke-103 Adalah Harmoni Merekat Nilai Kebangsaan, Ini Rangkaian Acaranya – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://makassar.tribunnews.com/2017/02/19/formaster-perkenalkan-budaya-sulsel-di-malang|title=Formaster Perkenalkan Budaya Sulsel di Malang – Tribun Timur|newspaper=Tribun Timur|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> In regard to food, Malang is also known to have many ''[[warung]]'' that are quite legendary and have lasted for decades. These shops, among others, Toko Oen which was established in 1930;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/11/13/11-titik-destinasi-di-kayu-tangan-kota-malang-yang-bikin-kamu-terbuai-cekidot-ya-guys|title=11 Titik Destinasi di Kayu Tangan Kota Malang yang Bikin Kamu Terbuai, Cekidot Ya Guys! – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Warung Tahu Telur Lonceng which was established in the early 1900s<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beritajatim.com/gaya_hidup/309139/tahu_telor_lonceng_kuliner_legendaris_kota_malang.html|title=Tahu Telor Lonceng Kuliner Legendaris Kota Malang - beritajatim.com|website=beritajatim.com|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031105/http://beritajatim.com/gaya_hidup/309139/tahu_telor_lonceng_kuliner_legendaris_kota_malang.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> until it was referred to as colonial-era food to millennials;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.viva.co.id/gaya-hidup/kuliner/958986-tahu-telur-lonceng-makanan-zaman-kolonial-hingga-millennial|title=Tahu Telur Lonceng, Makanan Zaman Kolonial hingga Millennial – VIVA|last=VIVA|first=PT. VIVA MEDIA BARU -|date=21 September 2017|language=id|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> and Gerai Putu Lanang Celaket which was established in 1935.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://lifestyle.liputan6.com/read/2855943/kue-puthu-lanang-celaket-lezat-ini-dapat-anda-temukan-di-malang|title=Kue Puthu Lanang Celaket Lezat Ini Dapat Anda Temukan di Malang|last=Liputan6.com|newspaper=liputan6.com|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

Culinary tourism in the city was mixed with the Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. In the festival, a variety of ancient culinary offerings, ranging from cenil, putu, to grendul, were sold.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/161634/20171112/153248/jajanan-tradisional-kolonial-manjakan-pengunjung-malang-tempo-doeloe/|title=Jajanan Tradisional Kolonial Manjakan Pengunjung Malang Tempo Doeloe {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Ancient snacks such as sugar cane,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/foto/khas/40657/20120525175226-aneka-kuliner-jadul-di-malang-tempo-doeloe-2012-002-destriyana.html|title=Foto : Aneka kuliner jadul di Malang Tempo Doeloe 2012{{!}} merdeka.com|newspaper=merdeka.com|language=en|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> cotton candy,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/foto/khas/40657/20120525175226-aneka-kuliner-jadul-di-malang-tempo-doeloe-2012-005-destriyana.html|title=Foto : Aneka kuliner jadul di Malang Tempo Doeloe 2012{{!}} merdeka.com|newspaper=merdeka.com|language=en|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> and miller crackers<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/foto/khas/40657/20120525175226-aneka-kuliner-jadul-di-malang-tempo-doeloe-2012-006-destriyana.html|title=Foto : Aneka kuliner jadul di Malang Tempo Doeloe 2012{{!}} merdeka.com|newspaper=merdeka.com|language=en|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> were also sold at the festival. Cotton candy is sold in various forms such as corn, dragons or flowers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://m.jatimtimes.com/baca/161637/20171112/161702/wah-lucunya-bentuk-permen-jadul-ini-di-mtd-ini/|title=Wah, Lucunya Bentuk "Permen" Jadul di MTD Ini {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

== Sport ==
[[File:Gajayana Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Gajayana Stadium]]|233x233px]]
[[Arema Malang|Arema F.C.]] is the city's most widely supported football team and plays in the Indonesian top league, the [[Liga 1 (Indonesia)|Liga 1]]. Its home is [[Kanjuruhan Stadium]], located in [[:id:Kepanjen, Kepanjen, Malang|Kepanjen]], [[Malang Regency]]. Arema FC has a loyal and large fanbase, those fans are called [[Aremania]]. There was also other football club, it goes by the name [[Persema Malang]] and [[Sumbersari F.C.]], they play in [[Liga 3 (Indonesia)|Liga 3]].

Malang also has a stadium in Klojen, Central Malang, it is known officially as [[Gajayana Stadium]]. Currently it is mostly used for major city events and [[Sport of athletics|athletics]] using its [[All-weather running track|running track]]. There is also a [[swimming pool]], [[Tennis court|tennis]], [[Basketball court|basketball]], [[Badminton court|badminton]] and [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]] [[Sport venue|facilities]] near the stadium area as Central Sports Center. Another large sports center which goes by the name Rampal Sports Center is located near a military base in Kedungkandang, East Malang.

The city is also home to the professional basketball team [[Bimasakti Nikko Steel Malang]], which plays in the [[Indonesian Basketball League]].

On 1 October 2022 a fatal [[2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium stampede|stampede]] occurred following a match between Arema F.C. and Persebaya Surabaya. More than 100 fans and two police officers were killed.

==Environment==

===Parks===
[[File:Malang Malabar City Forest.jpg|thumb|200px|Malabar City Forest]]
According to research by The Clean Cities Air Partnership Program (CCAP), Malang is one of the five cities with the cleanest air in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3316650/hebat-kota-malang-terpilih-jadi-kota-udara-terbersih-di-asia|title=Hebat, Kota Malang Terpilih Jadi Kota Udara Terbersih di Asia|last=Aminudin|first=Muhammad|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/810493/malang-jadi-5-kota-udara-terbersih-di-asia|title=Malang Jadi 5 Kota Udara Terbersih di Asia|last=Tempo.co|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-3317679/kota-malang-terpilih-jadi-kota-udara-terbersih-di-asia|title=Kota Malang Terpilih Jadi Kota Udara Terbersih di Asia|last=Aminudin|first=Muhammad|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> This achievement is one of the results of the community's commitment to continue to cultivate and beautify the city parks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/16/10/07/oeoe03383-malang-masuk-lima-kota-berudara-terbersih-di-asia|title=Malang Masuk Lima Kota Berudara Terbersih di Asia {{!}} Republika Online|newspaper=Republika Online|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Parks in Malang are known to be clean and have playing facilities so that Malang is considered to be a child-friendly city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2015/12/01/519/1258857/pemkot-malang-taman-kami-lebih-bagus-dibanding-taman-bandung|title=Pemkot Malang: Taman Kami Lebih Bagus Dibanding Taman Bandung : Okezone News|newspaper=Okezone|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> The city government also created thematic parks, which helps the city to achieve the Best City Park in Indonesia award.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radarmalang.id/2017-kota-malang-jaga-tradisi-prestasi/|title=2017, Kota Malang Jaga Tradisi Prestasi|date=28 November 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130021612/http://www.radarmalang.id/2017-kota-malang-jaga-tradisi-prestasi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://malangkota.go.id/2016/07/23/taman-di-kota-malang-terbaik-nasional/|title=Taman di Kota Malang Terbaik Nasional – Pemerintah Kota Malang|date=23 July 2016|newspaper=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Thematic parks can be found on the green way on Jalan Jakarta, namely the ''Taman Kunang-Kunang'' (Firefly Park).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/berkat-taman-tematik-kota-malang-sabet-adipura-kencana/|title=Berkat Taman Tematik, Kota Malang Sabet Adipura Kencana|date=28 July 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=en-US|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044425/http://www.radarmalang.id/berkat-taman-tematik-kota-malang-sabet-adipura-kencana/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The biggest parks in Malang are the Merdeka Square and Tugu Square (Tugu Malang Monument). Merdeka Square is located in front of the Malang Regent's Office and is the oldest square built in 1882.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/pariwisata/kisah-munculya-dua-alun-alun-di-kota-malang-1604120.html|title=Kisah munculnya dua alun-alun di kota Malang|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Not only that, Merdeka Square also provides a children playground<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/pariwisata/deretan-spot-bermain-ramah-anak-di-kota-malang-di-mana-saja-170724l.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Deretan spot bermain ramah anak di kota Malang, di mana saja?|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> and a fountain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/09/01/salat-idul-adha-di-masjd-agung-jamik-kota-malang-meluber-lihat-foto-foto-suasananya-ini|title=Salat Idul Adha di Masjd Agung Jamik Kota Malang Meluber, Lihat Foto-Foto Suasananya Ini – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Tugu Square which is located right in front of the Malang City Hall<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.liputan6.com/read/2401839/antisipasi-perusakan-taman-alun-alun-tugu-kota-malang-dipagari|title=Antisipasi Perusakan, Taman Alun-alun Tugu Kota Malang Dipagari|last=Liputan6.com|newspaper=liputan6.com|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> is decorated by the Tugu Malang, fountains, flowers, ponds with [[lotus (plant)|lotus]]es, typical flowers of Malang,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/07/28/lailatul-siswi-sma-islam-nusantara-kota-malang-tuangkan-imajinasi-lewat-gambar-ini-prestasinya|title=Lailatul, Siswi SMA Islam Nusantara Kota Malang Tuangkan Imajinasi Lewat Gambar, Ini Prestasinya – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> palm trees, and plastic lamps shaped like sunflowers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/892761/mendagri-resmikan-kampung-konservasi-glintung-go-green-di-malang|title=Mendagri Resmikan Kampung Konservasi Glintung Go Green di Malang|last=koran|first=Untung Widyanto|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Although intended for aesthetic elements, the sunflower lights were protested by the local residents because they were considered to be environmentally unfriendly and did not look good.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/667283/warga-kota-malang-protes-bunga-plastik-di-taman|title=Warga Kota Malang Protes Bunga Plastik di Taman|last=k|first=Zacharias wuragil brasta|newspaper=Tempo|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

Some parks are the result of development from [[Corporate social responsibility|CSR funds]]. One of these is the Slamet Park which was built with CSR funds from [[Bentoel Group|PT Bentoel Prima]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://malangkota.go.id/2016/04/03/surga-tersembunyi-di-taman-slamet-kota-malang/|title=Surga Tersembunyi di Taman Slamet Kota Malang – Pemerintah Kota Malang|date=3 April 2016|newspaper=Pemerintah Kota Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Bentoel's CSR fund was also used to renovate that park<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2016/02/26/digrojok-dana-csr-rp-1-miliar-renovasi-taman-slamet-minim-kok-bisa|title=Digrojok Dana CSR Rp 1 Miliar, Renovasi Taman Slamet Minim, kok Bisa? – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> and Taman Trunojoyo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malangvoice.com/perda-inisiatif-dprd-kota-malang-tentang-csr-perlukah/|title=Perda Inisiatif DPRD Kota Malang tentang CSR, Perlukah? – MalangVoice|date=29 November 2017|newspaper=MalangVoice|language=en-US|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> One of the famous parks, the Singha Merjosari Park was also renovated with CSR funds.<ref name=":18">{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/06/17/taman-singha-di-kota-malang-dalam-waktu-dekat-ini-bocoran-fasilitas-yang-akan-ada-di-taman-itu|title=Taman Singha di Kota Malang dalam Waktu Dekat, Ini Bocoran Fasilitas yang Akan Ada di Taman Itu – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> However, the CSR funds used are funds from telecommunications companies.<ref name=":18" /> CSR funds from educational institutions such as the Merdeka Education Foundation that manages the Merdeka Malang University have also provided CSR to revitalize the Dieng Canal Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/kabar-malang/makin-indah-dengan-kehadiran-taman-terusan-dieng-170524a.html|title=Makin indah dengan kehadiran Taman Terusan Dieng|newspaper=Malang - Merdeka.com|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/02/16/asyik-akan-ada-taman-baru-di-kota-malang-anak-muda-wajib-manfaatkan-taman-ini-secara-bijak|title=Asyik, Akan Ada Taman Baru di Kota Malang, Anak Muda Wajib Manfaatkan Taman Ini Secara Bijak – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

===Awards===
In the environmental field, Malang has won several awards including Adipura (given to the cleanest cities in Indonesia), Adiwiyata, and others.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2016/06/21/menengok-perjuangan-kota-malang-untuk-meraih-adipura-paripurna|title=Menengok Perjuangan Kota Malang untuk Meraih Adipura Paripurna – Surya Malang|newspaper=Surya Malang|language=id-ID|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> In addition, Malang is the city with the highest number of Adiwiyata schools in Indonesia, namely 173 schools from elementary to junior high schools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radarmalang.id/keren-sekolah-adiwiyata-kota-malang-terbanyak-se-indonesia/|title=Keren, Sekolah Adiwiyata Kota Malang Terbanyak Se-Indonesia – Radar Malang Online|date=26 November 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030812/https://www.radarmalang.id/keren-sekolah-adiwiyata-kota-malang-terbanyak-se-indonesia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Department of Environment of Malang City also received the 2017 Water Supply and Environmental Health (''Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan'', AMPL) award from the Head of the National Development Planning Agency.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/161277/20171106/141154/dapat-penghargaan-bappenas-dinas-lingkungan-hidup-kota-malang-malah-kaget/|title=Dapat Penghargaan Bappenas, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Malang Malah Kaget {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> AMPL was achieved by the city because the city was able to reduce solid waste in 2016 by 15.1% and the coverage of access to [[waste management]] was 74.8%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/11/08/oz2sdm335-berkat-sampah-kota-malang-dapat-penghargaan|title=Berkat Sampah, Kota Malang Dapat Penghargaan {{!}} Republika Online|newspaper=Republika Online|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> In 2017, the city won the Wahana Tata Nugraha award because it was able to transform the slum environment into a tourist attraction<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/ubah-lingkungan-kumuh-jadi-tempat-wisata-kota-malang-diganjar-2-penghargaan/|title=Ubah Lingkungan Kumuh Jadi Tempat Wisata, Kota Malang diganjar 2 Penghargaan – Radar Malang Online|date=7 November 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=19 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119154734/http://www.radarmalang.id/ubah-lingkungan-kumuh-jadi-tempat-wisata-kota-malang-diganjar-2-penghargaan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> such as the Jodipan Tourism Village. The many awards obtained by the city also had an impact on the increase in Regional Incentive Funds (''Dana Insentif Daerah'', DID) from 7.5 billion rupiahs in 2017 to 25.5 billion in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malangvoice.com/kota-malang-bergelimang-prestasi-dari-pusat-meningkat-drastis/|title=Kota Malang Bergelimang Prestasi, DID dari Pusat Meningkat Drastis – MalangVoice|date=16 November 2017|newspaper=MalangVoice|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

===Conservation efforts===
The government plays an active role in environmental conservation efforts. In achieving the Adipura Kencana, the education office held the Green School Festival (GSF) which was held annually in schools in the city.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.radarmalang.id/patut-diapresiasi-green-school-festival-bukti-malang-kota-pendidikan/|title=Patut Diapresiasi, Green School Festival bukti Malang Kota Pendidikan – Radar Malang Online|date=25 November 2017|newspaper=Radar Malang Online|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=28 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128071349/http://www.radarmalang.id/patut-diapresiasi-green-school-festival-bukti-malang-kota-pendidikan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The method of implementing the GSF is considered good because it is forcing the participation of all schools.<ref name=":10" /> In addition, the Department of Housing and Settlements (Disperkim) also conducted a garden arrangement competition by realising the importance of green open space,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malangtimes.com/baca/22702/20171123/200540/lomba-penataan-taman-lingkungan-disperkim-kota-malang-direspons-positif-masyarakat/|title=Malang Times: Lomba Penataan Taman Lingkungan Disperkim Kota Malang Direspons Positif Masyarakat {{!}} Mobile Site|last=JatimTIMES|first=Redaksi|website=m.malangtimes.com|language=id-ID|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> and also actively built parks in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jatimtimes.com/baca/161616/20171112/082445/percantik-kota-malang-disperkim-bangun-dua-taman-lagi/|title=Percantik Kota Malang, Disperkim Bangun Dua Taman Lagi {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> The city of Malang also seeks to utilise additional funds such as CSR funds to revitalise city parks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://regional.liputan6.com/read/3171910/kota-malang-terima-dana-csr-rp-100-miliar|title=Kota Malang Terima Dana CSR Rp 100 Miliar|last=Liputan6.com|newspaper=liputan6.com|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jatimtimes.com/baca/138328/20160317/174812/taruh-dana-csr-di-kota-malang-dapat-diskon-15-persen/|title=Taruh Dana CSR di Kota Malang, Dapat Diskon 15 Persen {{!}} Jatim TIMES – Peristiwa|newspaper=Jatim TIMES|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Indonesia}}
*{{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Fuqing]], China<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2017/04/17/kota-malang-dan-kota-fuqing-tiongkok-jalin-kerja-sama-sister-city|title=Kota Malang dan Kota Fuqing Tiongkok Jalin Kerja Sama Sister City|website=Surya Malang|access-date=17 April 2017}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Maebashi]], Japan

==Notable people==
{{Main|Category:People from Malang}}

==See also==
*[[Greater Malang]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite report |last=Fleming |first=Tom |date=3 May 2021 |title=Indonesia: Malang |url=https://www.britishcouncil.id/sites/default/files/d3_cultural_cities_indonesia_malang_compressed_1.pdf |series=Cultural Cities Profile East Asia |location=Jakarta |publisher=[[British Council|British Council Indonesia]] |docket= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714165332/https://www.britishcouncil.id/sites/default/files/d3_cultural_cities_indonesia_malang_compressed_1.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=7 April 2025}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|id}} {{official website|http://www.malangkota.go.id/ }}

{{Districts of Malang|state=expanded}}
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