View source for Mandaue

{{Short description|Highly urbanized city in Cebu, Philippines}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = {{PH wikidata|name}} 
| image_skyline            = 
{{multiple image
| border               	= infobox
| total_width          	= 290
| caption_align        	= center
| perrow               	= 2/2/2/2
| image1               	= Mandaue Presidencia Sotero Cabahug.jpg
| alt1                 	= 
| caption1             	= [[Mandaue Presidencia]]
| image2               	= 
Mandaue Tipolo, Zuellig Avenue (Mandaue, Cebu; 01-19-2024).jpg
| alt2                 	= 
| caption2             	= Zuellig Avenue
| image3               	= 
Marcelo Fernan Bridge (Mandaue, Cebu; 01-19-2024).jpg
| alt3                 	=
| caption3             	= [[Marcelo Fernan Bridge]]
| image4               	= No entry sign (12-25-2022).jpg
| alt4                 	=
| caption4             	= Oakridge Business Park
| image5               	= Parkmall, Mandaue City, Cebu.jpg
| alt5                 	=
| caption5             	= Parkmall
| image6               	= The National Shrine of St. Joseph, Mandaue, Cebu, Jan 2024.jpg
| alt6                 	=
| caption6             	= [[Mandaue Church]]
}}
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = Flag_of_Mandaue,_Cebu.png
| image_seal               = Mandaue Cebu.png
| seal_size                = 100x80px
| image_map                = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption              = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}
| image_map1               = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
| pushpin_map              = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position   = left
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}
| coordinates              = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| settlement_type          = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = [[Philippines]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| subdivision_type2        = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Cebu]] {{small|(highly urbanized city participating in the provincial government of Cebu)}}
| etymology                = <!--origin of name-->
| named_for                = <!--named after (if person or place)-->
| native_name              = 
| other_name               = 
| nickname                 = {{Plainlist|
* ''Furniture Capital of the Philippines''
* ''Industrial City of Southern Philippines''
}}
| motto                    = 
| anthem                   = Mandaue ang Dakbayan<br />{{small|English: Mandaue, the City}}
| subdivision_type3        = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3        = {{PH legislative district}}
| established_title        = [[Date of establishment|Pueblo]]
| established_date         = circa 1656
| established_title1       = Municipality Status
| established_date1        = 1901
| established_title2       = Cityhood
| established_date2        = August 30, 1969
| established_title3       = Highly urbanized city
| established_date3        = February 15, 1991
| parts_type               = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style              = para
| p1                       = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}  (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Thadeo Jovito “Jonkie” M. Ouano ([[Lakas-CMD|Lakas]])
| leader_title1            = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1             = Glenn O. Bercede ([[One Cebu|1Cebu]])
| leader_title2            = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2             = [[Emmarie Ouano-Dizon|Emmarie M. Ouano-Dizon]] ([[Lakas-CMD]])
| leader_title3            = [[Mandaue City Council|City Council]]
| leader_name3             = {{PH Town Council
| 1 = <div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div>
 | 2=[[Nerissa Corazon Soon-Ruiz|Nerissa Corazon C. Soon-Ruiz]]
 | 3=Malcolm A. Sanchez
 | 4=Jimmy C. Lumapas
 | 5=Jesus P. Arcilla Jr.
 | 6=Marie Immaline C. Cortes-Zafra
 | 7=Cynthia C. Remedio
 | 8=Jennifer S. del Mar
 | 9=Joel M. Seno
 | 10=Cesar Y. Cabahug Jr.
 | 11=Andreo O. Icalina
}}
| leader_title4            = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
| leader_name4             = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]])
| government_type          = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| government_footnotes     = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
| elevation_m              = 22
| elevation_max_m          = 984
| elevation_min_m          = 0
| elevation_max_rank       = 
| elevation_min_rank       = 
| elevation_footnotes      = {{PH wikidata|elevation_footnotes}}
| elevation_max_footnotes  = 
| elevation_min_footnotes  = 
| area_rank                = 
| area_footnotes           = {{PH area}}
| area_total_km2           = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| population_footnotes     = {{PH wikidata|population_reference}}
| population_total         = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of         = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_blank1_title  = [[Household]]s
| population_blank1        = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_blank2_title  = 
| population_blank2        = 
| population_demonym       = 
| population_rank          = 
| population_note          = 
| timezone                 = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset               = +8
| postal_code_type         = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| postal2_code_type        = {{PSGCstyle}}
| postal2_code             = {{PSGC detail}}
| area_code_type           = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code                = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| website                  = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| demographics_type1       = [[Economy of the Philippines|Economy]]
| demographics1_title1 = [[Gross domestic product]] (GDP)
| demographics1_info1 = ₱109.6 billion (2022)<ref name="gdpcenvis2022">{{Cite web|title=All Provinces and HUCs in Northern Mindanao Continue to Expand in 2022; City of Cagayan de Oro Records the Fastest Growth with 9.4 Percent|url=https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/ppa/node/1684061653|access-date=2023-12-09|website=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref><br>
$1.936 billion (2022)<ref name="imfdec2022phptousd">{{Cite web|title=PH₱56.598 per dollar (per International Monetary Fund on Representative Exchange Rates for Selected Currencies for December 2022)|url=https://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/data/rms_mth.aspx?SelectDate=2022-12-31&reportType=REP|access-date=2023-12-09|website=[[IMF]]}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2     = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| demographics1_info2      = {{PH wikidata|income_class}}
| demographics1_title3     = [[Measuring poverty|Poverty incidence]]
| demographics1_info3      = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
| demographics1_title4     = [[Revenue]]
| demographics1_info4      = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title5     = Revenue rank
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| demographics1_title6     = [[Asset]]s
| demographics1_info6      = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title7     = Assets rank
| demographics1_info7      = 
| demographics1_title8     = [[Internal Revenue Allotment|IRA]]
| demographics1_info8      = 
| demographics1_title9     = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_info9     = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10    = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10     = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2       = Service provider
| demographics2_title1     = [[List of electric distribution utilities in the Philippines|Electricity]]
| demographics2_info1      = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_title2     = Water
| demographics2_info2      = [https://www.mcwd.gov.ph/ Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD)]
| demographics2_title3     = Telecommunications
| demographics2_info3      = 
| demographics2_title4     = Cable TV
| demographics2_info4      = 
| demographics2_title5     = 
| demographics2_info5      = 
| demographics2_title6     = 
| demographics2_info6      = 
| demographics2_title7     = 
| demographics2_info7      = 
| demographics2_title8     = 
| demographics2_info8      = 
| demographics2_title9     = 
| demographics2_info9      = 
| demographics2_title10    = 
| demographics2_info10     = 
| blank_name_sec1          = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
| blank_info_sec1          = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[Languages of the Philippines|Native languages]]
| blank1_info_sec1         = [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]
| blank2_name_sec1         = [[Crime index]]
| blank2_info_sec1         = 
| blank3_name_sec1         = 
| blank3_info_sec1         = 
| blank4_name_sec1         = 
| blank4_info_sec1         = 
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| blank6_name_sec1         = 
| blank6_info_sec1         = 
| blank7_name_sec1         = 
| blank7_info_sec1         = 
| blank1_name_sec2         = Major religions
| blank1_info_sec2         = 
| blank2_name_sec2         = Feast date
| blank2_info_sec2         = 
| blank3_name_sec2         = Catholic diocese
| blank3_info_sec2         = 
| blank4_name_sec2         = Patron saint
| blank4_info_sec2         = 
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| short_description        = 
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''Mandaue''' ({{IPA|tl|mɐnˈdaʊ.ɛ|local}}), officially the '''City of Mandaue''' ({{langx|ceb|Dakbayan sa Mandaue}}; {{langx|fil|Lungsod ng Mandaue}}), is a [[Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification|highly urbanized city]] in the [[Central Visayas]] region of the [[Philippines]]. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 364,482 people.{{PH wikidata|population_reference}}

It is geographically located on the central-eastern coastal region of [[Cebu]] by [[Philippine Statistics Authority]] but administratively independent from the province. Its southeast coast borders [[Mactan Island]] where [[Lapu-Lapu City]] is located and is connected to the island via two bridges: the [[Mactan-Mandaue Bridge]] and [[Marcelo Fernan Bridge]]. Mandaue is bounded on the north by the town of [[Consolacion, Cebu|Consolacion]], to the east by the [[Camotes Sea]], and to the west and south by [[Cebu City]].

It is one of three highly urbanized cities on Cebu island and forms a part of the [[Metro Cebu|Cebu Metropolitan area]]<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.cebu-philippines.net/mandaue.html| title = The brilliance of Mandaue City| work = Mandaue City| publisher = cebu-philippines.net}}</ref> and was part of the [[Legislative districts of Cebu#6th District|sixth district of Cebu]] joined with the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova - it was qualified for a lone district since 1991. On April 5, 2019, the city became a lone legislative district.<ref name= "corrales1"/> As of June 30, 2022, Mandaue had its first representation in the [[19th Congress of the Philippines]].

[[File:Mandani Bay in cosntruction, 28 05 2023.jpg|alt=Mandani Bay in Construction May 2023 Photo: Bart Sakwerda, Budots Media 2023|thumb|Mandani Bay in Construction May 2023 Photo: Bart Sakwerda, Budots Media]]

== History ==

A community was established in Mandaue by a flourishing group of [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] people. The [[Venice|Venetian]] chronicler [[Antonio Pigafetta]] wrote of a settlement called "Mandaui" which existed in the area with a chieftain named Apanoaan<ref name="Discovery of sugbo by the west">{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=eeY0ifyij6QC&q=mandani+aponoan&pg=PA288 | title = To America and Around the World: The Logs of Christopher Columbus and of ... | work = Antonio Pigafetta, Raleigh Ashlin Skelton| publisher = Branden Publishing Co.| isbn = 9780828320634 | year = 2001 }}</ref> some called him Lambuzzan in other accounts.<ref name="Lambusan chief of Mandaui">{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RB4usvtAZrEC&q=lambuzzan+mandaui&pg=PA84| title = Magellan's voyage: a narrative of the first circumnavigation | work = Antonio Pigafetta/ Adolph Caso| publisher = Yale University| isbn = 9780486280998 | year = 1994 }}</ref>

Mandaue natives were forced into a town as decreed by the Spanish authorities. This may have started off as a mission village (which included present day [[Consolacion]], [[Liloan, Cebu|Liloan]] and [[Poro, Cebu|Poro]]) serving as a bulwark for the church in the northern Cebu and was managed by the Jesuit in 1638 then a century later by the Recollects.<ref name="Mandaue City">{{cite web| url = http://www.admu.edu.ph/offices/mirlab/panublion/r7_mandaue.html| title = Mandaue| work = admu.edu.ph| access-date = June 4, 2010| archive-date = September 27, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927162411/http://www.admu.edu.ph/offices/mirlab/panublion/r7_mandaue.html| url-status = dead}}</ref>

The [[Philippine revolution|Philippine Revolution]] of 1898 gave the town a new form of administration in accordance with the organic decree of the Central Revolutionary Government. The short-lived revolution was overthrown by the American troops and a battle nearly destroyed the town in 1901, killing [[Municipal president|Presidente]] Benito Ceniza.{{sfn|Mojares|1999}}

Mandaue was a semi-autonomous functioning town. Semi-autonomous as it was still under the jurisdiction of Cebu. Despite having been developed and organized by the Spaniards throughout the ages and its population increasing as the years gone by, the Spaniards did not make an initiative to elevate the town into an independent municipality. It was only after the death of Presidente Ceniza and the establishment of American Rule in Mandaue that the dream of becoming an independent municipality came true. In 1901, Mandaue became an independent municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/ |title=Home |website=mandauecity.gov.ph}}</ref>

Mandaue became independent from being an American Commonwealth and a Japanese garrison on July 4, 1946, along with the entire nation.

=== Cityhood ===
{{main|Cities of the Philippines}}
[[File:Flag of Mandaue.gif|thumb|Former flag of Mandaue]]
On August 30, 1969, Mandaue became a chartered city and decades later it was recognized as a highly urbanized city on February 15, 1991.<ref name="History">{{cite web| url = http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=57| title = History| work = Mandaue City| publisher = Mandaue city government| access-date = April 6, 2010| archive-date = May 16, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516025616/http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=57| url-status = dead}}</ref> In early-April 2019, Mandaue separated from the sixth district and, since 2022, is represented under its lone district.<ref name= "corrales1">{{cite news |last1=Corrales |first1=Nestor |title=Duterte signs law creating lone legislative district of Mandaue City |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1115211/duterte-signs-law-creating-lone-legislative-district-of-mandaue-city |access-date=November 19, 2021 |work=INQUIRER.net |date=May 8, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Villanueva |first1=Ralph |title=Duterte signs law creating lone district of Mandaue City |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/duterte-signs-law-creating-lone-district-of-mandaue-city/551369/ |access-date=November 19, 2021 |work=The Manila Times |date=May 8, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear left}}

== Geography ==

The city has a total area of {{convert|34.87|km2| sqmi|abbr=on}}. According to the 2020 census, the population density is {{convert| {{sigfig|{{formatnum:364,116 | R}}/ 34.87| 2}}|PD/km2|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}.

{| style="margin:0 auto;"
|+ style="font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;" | Land utilization
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;text-align:right;font-size:94%;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Category || colspan=2 | Land Area 
|-
! ha !! acres
|-
! Industrial
| {{convert|1695 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd| 169500 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| DarkSlateGray}}
|-
! Residential
| {{convert| 872 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|  87200 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| SlateGray }}
|-
! Agricultural  || {{convert| 283 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|  28300 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| Gainsboro}}
|-
! Commercial
| {{convert| 242 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|  24200 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| DimGray}}
|-
! Roads
| {{convert| 120 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|  12000 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| Gray}}
|-
! Institutional
| {{convert|  60 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|   6000 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| DarkGray}}
|-
! Parks
| {{convert|  24 |ha|disp=table}} || {{rnd|   2400 / 3296|1}}% || {{color box| WhiteSmoke}}
|}
| style="padding-top:3em;padding-left:3em;" | {{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
| radius  = 100
| slices  = 
( 1695 : Industrial    : DarkSlateGray )
(  872 : Residential   : SlateGray     )
(  283 : Agricultural  : Gainsboro     )
(  242 : Commercial    : DimGray       )
(  120 : Roads         : Gray          )
(   60 : Institutional : DarkGray      )
(   24 : Parks         : WhiteSmoke    )
| percent = true
| hide group legends = yes}}
|}
{{clear left}}
The city is the 6th smallest government unit in terms of land area; among the Metro Cebu local government units the city is the second smallest next to the municipality of Cordova in the island of Mactan. The city's land area is only 4.5% of the total land area of Metro Cebu and less than 1% of the total land of the province of Cebu.

The North [[land reclamation|Reclamation]] Project, now known as the North Special Administrative Zone, currently has about {{convert|180|ha|abbr=on}} reclaimed land. Of the 180 hectares, about {{convert|36|ha|abbr=on}} belong to the city.

It is one of the two (the other one being the municipality of Consolacion) local government units located within the mainland Metro Cebu where the elevation of land is less than {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}}.

Many of the areas of the city are extremely flat. About 77.37% is within the 0-8% [[slope]] category. Barangays belonging to this region are Centro, Looc, South Special Administrative Zone, Cambaro, Opao, Umapad, Paknaan, Alang-alang, Tipolo, Ibabao, Guizo, Subangdaku, Mantuyong, Maguikay and Tabok. The greater portion of the city, comprising about 70%, is dominated by the Mandaue Clay Loam soil series. This is found in the 0-2% and 2-5% slope ranges. Faraon clay loam characterizes the rest of the land with slope range from 5-8% and up to 25-40%.<ref name="Land Use">{{cite web| url = http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=81| title = Land Use| work = Mandaue City| publisher = Mandaue city government| access-date = April 6, 2010| archive-date = June 4, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604082446/http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=81| url-status = dead}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
{{Weather box
| location     = Mandaue
| width        = auto
| metric first = Yes
| single line  = Yes
| Jan high C = 28
| Jan low C  = 23
| Feb high C = 29
| Feb low C  = 23
| Mar high C = 30
| Mar low C  = 23
| Apr high C = 31
| Apr low C  = 24
| May high C = 31
| May low C  = 25
| Jun high C = 30
| Jun low C  = 25
| Jul high C = 30
| Jul low C  = 25
| Aug high C = 30
| Aug low C  = 25
| Sep high C = 30
| Sep low C  = 25
| Oct high C = 29
| Oct low C  = 25
| Nov high C = 29
| Nov low C  = 24
| Dec high C = 28
| Dec low C  = 23
| Jan precipitation mm = 70
| Feb precipitation mm = 49
| Mar precipitation mm = 62
| Apr precipitation mm = 78
| May precipitation mm = 138
| Jun precipitation mm = 201
| Jul precipitation mm = 192
| Aug precipitation mm = 185
| Sep precipitation mm = 192
| Oct precipitation mm = 205
| Nov precipitation mm = 156
| Dec precipitation mm = 111
| Jan rain days        = 13.4
| Feb rain days        = 10.6
| Mar rain days        = 13.1
| Apr rain days        = 14.5
| May rain days        = 24.2
| Jun rain days        = 27.9
| Jul rain days        = 28.4
| Aug rain days        = 27.7
| Sep rain days        = 27.1
| Oct rain days        = 27.4
| Nov rain days        = 22.5
| Dec rain days        = 15.9
| source 1 = Meteoblue <ref name="met_norms">
{{cite web 
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/mandaue-city_philippines_1701947
| title =  Mandaue: Average Temperatures and Rainfall
| publisher = Meteoblue
| access-date = May 10, 2020 }}</ref>
| date = May 10, 2020
}}

=== Barangays ===
Mandaue is politically subdivided into 27 barangays. Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s and some have [[sitios]].
[[File:Ph fil mandaue.png|thumb|upright=1.1|{{center|'''Political map of Mandaue'''}}]]

{{PH brgy table lite|top}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230001| [[Alang-alang, Mandaue|Alang-alang]] |11495|12475}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230002| [[Bakilid, Mandaue|Bakilid]]         | 4387| 5027}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230003| [[Banilad, Mandaue|Banilad]]         |18386|22297}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230004| Basak                                |11777| 7858}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230005| Cabancalan   |14841|12202}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230006| Cambaro                              | 8990| 8082}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230007| Canduman                             |23455|17100}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230008| Casili                               | 5403| 3743}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230009| [[Casuntingan, Mandaue|Casuntingan]]                          |16846|13217}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230010| Centro ([[Poblacion]])               | 2980| 3236}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230011| Cubacub                              |13832| 8255}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230012| Guizo                                | 7258| 8554}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230013| Ibabao-Estancia                      | 6994| 8641}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230014| [[Jagobiao, Mandaue|Jagobiao]]       |12138|12227}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230015| Labogon                              |20466|19175}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230016| [[Looc, Mandaue|Looc]]               |17395|14438}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230017| Maguikay                             |14956|17782}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230018| Mantuyong                            | 5487| 5869}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230019| Opao                                 |12014| 9907}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230020| Paknaan                              |30532|22957}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230021| Pagsabungan                          |20266|16838}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230022| Subangdaku                           |17097|20333}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230023| Tabok                                |19486|15709}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230024| Tawason                              | 6984| 4891}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230025| Tingub                               | 6082| 5780}} 
{{PH brgy table lite|072230026| [[Tipolo, Mandaue|Tipolo]]           |15790|17273}}
{{PH brgy table lite|072230027| Umapad                               |18779|17454}}
{{PH brgy table lite|bottom|331320}}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Metro Cebu-Aerial View.jpg|thumb|Aerial photo of the [[Mactan Channel]] looking south. Mandaue is on the right side while [[Lapu-Lapu City]] is on the left]]
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| cols = 1
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2024 = {{PH census population|2024}}
| 2030 = 
| footnote= Source: [[Philippine Statistics Authority]]{{PH wikidata|population_reference}}{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}} 
}}

Data showed that the oldest written accounts of Mandaue came from a population of 160 in 1637 to 1638. Mandaue had 10,309 souls according to the {{harvtxt|Buzeta|Bravo|1850}}.  During the first year of its township in 1899, Mandaue had 42 barrios with a population of 21,086. When Mandaue was a second class municipality in 1964 its population was 33,811.<ref name="Population in 1899">{{cite web | url =https://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02160tx.html| title = MANDAUE CITY: POPULATION TO REACH HALF A MILLION IN 2011
| work = Census| publisher = Philippine Census}}</ref>

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 364,116, which is an increase of {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:364,116| R}} - 259728}}}} from the 2000 census. Among all the Philippine's highly urbanized cities, the City of Mandaue posted the highest proportion of household population who reported Roman Catholic as their religious affiliation at 95.2%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref> Mandaue has a significantly large population at or below the poverty line.<ref name="Population">{{cite web| url = http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=81| title = Population| work = Mandaue City| publisher = Mandaue city government| access-date = April 6, 2010| archive-date = June 4, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604082446/http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=81| url-status = dead}}</ref>

== Economy ==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}
[[File:San Miguel Mandaue Brewery, Jan 2024.jpg|thumb|San Miguel Brewery Inc. - Mandaue Brewery]]
About 40 percent of Cebu's export companies are found in Mandaue. The city is dubbed as the industrial hub of Region VII and hosts about 10,000 industrial and commercial businesses, making it a "little rich city" in the country.

It is home to some of the world's biggest companies such as [[San Miguel Corporation|San Miguel Corp.]], [[Coca-Cola Corporation|Coca-Cola Bottling Corp. Shemberg]], the number one exporter of [[carrageenan]], [[Monde Nissin]], Profood International Corp., and 7D Dried Mangoes. Mandaue City also accounts for 75 percent of the country's total exports in the furniture sector, making the city the furniture capital of the country. One of these furniture companies is Mandaue Foam which started in 1971 and now has 25 factories and showrooms nationwide.
{{clear left}}

== Tourism ==

Mandaue's point of interests, destinations, and attractions include:
{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{Col-break}}
;Natural areas
* Monkey Caves
* Cansaga Bay
* Butuanon River
* Casili Hills
* Jagobiao Spring
* Cabancalan-Banilad Sinkholes
* Mahiga River
;Historical locations
* Bantayan Sa Hari
* [[National Shrine of Saint Joseph Mandaue|National Shrine of Saint Joseph]]
* [[Mandaue Presidencia]], City Hall
* Ouano Wharf
* Mandaue Salt Beds
* Eversley Childs Sanitarium
* Rizal-Bonifacio Memorial Library
* Bathan Press
* San Miguel Brewery
* Rainbow Lane{{sfn|Cebu Daily News|2015}}
* [[Cebu International Convention Center]]<ref name="Other Landmarks">{{cite web | url = http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/festival/otherlandmarks.htm | title = Other Landmarks | work = Tourism | publisher = The City of Mandaue | access-date = April 22, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080314060238/http://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/festival/otherlandmarks.htm | archive-date = March 14, 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
;Museums
* 856 G Gallery
* Luis Cabrera Ancestral House and Museum
* Mandaue City Public Library
* Quijano Museum 
{{Col-break}}
;Parks
* City Plaza
* Bridge Park
* Ibabao Mandaue Agri-Eco Park<ref name="Mandaue Agri Eco Park">{{cite news |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|url = http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/158395/mandaue-opens-first-agri-eco-park
 | title = Mandaue Opens First Agri Eco Park | work = Cebu Daily News| access-date = February 22, 2018}}</ref>
* Subangdaku Wireless Sports Center
* Cebu Westown Lagoon
*WaterWorld Cebu
;Sports
* Wireless Plaza and Sports Complex
* Mandaue City Sports and Cultural Complex
* Mandaue Tennis Complex
* Portside Badminton Plaza
* Quick Points Badminton Club
* San Roque Football Club
* Sacred Heart–Ateneo de Cebu Sports Complex
* Cebu Golf Academy
* Gorilla Booth Camp
;Retail and mixed-use developments
* Ayala Malls Gatewalk Central (under construction)
* Bridges Town Square
* City Times Square
* Insular Square Mall
* [[Mandani Bay]]
* Oakridge Business Park
* Pacific Mall
* Parkmall
* [[SM J Mall]] (formerly J Centre Mall)
{{Col-end}}

<gallery>
File:Cicc panorama.jpg|[[Cebu International Convention Centre]]
File:Bantayansaharimandaue.JPG|''Bantayan sa Hari'', 1912
</gallery>

=== Fiestas ===

'''Mandaue Fiesta''': Celebrated on May 8 in honor of the town patron, [[Saint Joseph]]. Activities that are typically held during this feast are the procession, inter-barangay sports competition, Miss Mandaue (the longest-running beauty competition in the province), rodeos, street festival (Mantawi Festival), bailes, fairs, and many more.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

'''Panagtagbo sa Mandaue''': This is Mandaue's current major festival in honor of the [[Holy Family]]. This is celebrated every 2nd week of January on the eve of the ''Traslacion'' (Transfer of Relic), of one of the significant religious events of the [[Sinulog Festival]] which commemorates the union of the Holy Family. In the Translacion, the [[Santo Niño de Cebu|Santo Niño]] and the [[Virgin of Guadalupe]] come and stay over at the shrine of Saint Joseph in Mandaue for an overnight vigil. This happens on a Friday, and on the early morning of the following Saturday, a fluvial procession is held on Cebu Strait going back to the [[Minor Basilica of the Holy Child|Basilica]] . In the festival, there are singing and dancing competitions with a street dancing during the Bibingkahan in honor of Santo Niño. At night, there is a ritual showdown performance which is the highlight of the cultural-religious events.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

'''Kabayo Festival''':
The Kabayo (Horse) festival also known as Governor's Cup is a horse racing and different equestrian sports with the western way of riding event held annually in the second week of February.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

'''Pasigarbo sa Sugbo''':
It is a festival showcasing Cebu's culture, faith, history, products, and festivals from each individual town. It is held annually around August 6 which is the Charter day of the Province of Cebu. It was formerly held in Mandaue City at the Cebu International Convention Center (CICC), but was transferred to the Cebu City Sports Complex in [[Cebu City]] in 2019 due to the abandoned and disrepaired state of the convention center.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

== Cuisine ==
[[File:Masareal (Philippines).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Masareal]]'' from Mandaue]]
Mandaue has many restaurants which cater to [[gourmets]] and international cuisines like Italian, Japanese, Indian, Mediterranean, Lebanese, Arabic, Russian, Korean, Mexican, and Western cuisines. A variety of restaurants also serves meals of local cuisine.

Many famous Cebuano meals like the [[lechon]]<ref name="lechon">{{cite web| url = http://www.lechoncebu.com/| title = lechon| work = lechoncebu.com| access-date = June 4, 2010| archive-date = June 12, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612013321/http://www.lechoncebu.com/| url-status = dead}}</ref>  or ''inasal'', eaten with [[atsara|achara]] or pickled vegetables. The ''sugba'' or barbecue of either ''isda'' (fish), ''baboy'' (pork), ''manok'' (chicken) or ''baka'' (beef) is found all over Mandaue eaten with ''[[puso]]'', a diamond-shaped hanged rice covered in coco leaves. ''Kinilaw''<ref name="Sutukil">{{cite web | url =http://www.igougo.com/journal-j48817-Cebu-Four-day_CebuMactan_trip.html#ReviewID:1186427| title = Sugba Tuwa Kilaw| work = Travelocity.com| publisher = Travelocity.com.}}</ref> is raw meat usually pork or fish drenched in vinegar and salt. The ''buwad'' or dried seafood, either fish or squid, can be pungent with a crunchy and chewy texture. There are some exotic meals that can be found like ''[[dinuguan]]'' or pig's blood which is eaten like a soup. Barbecued chicken feet are liked by many locals.

Original cuisine in Mandaue includes ''[[bibingka]]'' which is steamed rice cakes mixed with coconut and sometimes egg. ''Binangos'' paired with rice is made of ground up corn with Bolinao fish.  This dish is found only in Mandaue; other delicacies includes the ''tagaktak'', the seasonal ''buriring'' fish (stewed with ''iba'') and the famous ''[[masareal]]''.

== Transportation ==
[[File:Jeepney.jpg|thumb|right|Philippine [[Jeepney]]]]
Mandaue City's road network is composed of a national highway which connects the city to its neighboring cities and municipalities, and a national secondary road which traverses the city's metropolitan area. The total length of the city road network (paved and unpaved) and the four bridges, is about {{convert|133.7|km|abbr=on}}, broken down into:
* National road   - {{convert|13.2|km|abbr=on}}
* City road       - {{convert|57.1|km|abbr=on}}
* Barangay road   - {{convert|63.4|km|abbr=on}}

Road density is {{convert|{{rnd|133.68/25.18|2}} | km/km2||abbr=on}} of land. In terms of population, road density is {{convert|{{rnd|13368 / {{formatnum:364,116|R}} |2}}| km|abbr=on}} per one thousand inhabitants.

Land transportation is being served by [[Jeepney|PUJ]], utility vehicles, mini-buses, multi-cabs, tricycles, trisikads and for cargoes, trailers and vans. Sea transport of Mandaue is highly dependent on Port of Cebu and Cebu International Port, because of the city's proximity to these facilities.

[[Transportation in Metro Cebu|MyBus expansion]] is a 9.5 [[kilometer]]s new [[road]] starting from  boundary of [[SM City Cebu]] – [[Port of Cebu|Cebu International Port]] to SM City J Mall in October 2024. In 2017, it began operations along City di Mare at the [[South Road Properties]].<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Congestion expected with new MyBus route to SM City JMall|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/congestion-expected-with-new-mybus-route-to-sm-city-jmall |accessdate=October 19, 2024 |work = [[SunStar]]|date=October 16, 2024}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Metro Cebu}}
[[File:University-of-cebu-LM.jpg|thumb|right|Lapu-Lapu–Mandaue campus of the [[University of Cebu]].]]
Mandaue houses two universities, the [[Cebu Doctors' University]] and the Lapu-Lapu–Mandaue campus of the [[University of Cebu]]. There are also technical schools like [[TESDA]] in barangays Banilad and Looc and other private institutions that provide certificate degrees. Associate degree, Baccalaureate Degrees, Master's and Doctoral programs.

Mandaue has institutionalized learning with the '''Cabahug Medal''' which was started on 1923 by Sotero Cabahug as a medal of academic excellence annually. The '''Mandaue Fraternal Society''' was also created in the early part of the 19th century to provide a community for the professionals during the time when Mandaue was still a sleepy town.

Cebu's [[Hoshuko|part-time Japanese school]], the Cebu Japanese School (CJS; セブ補習授業校 ''Sebu Hoshū Jugyō Kō''), is located on the fifth floor of the Clotilde Commercial Center in Barangay Casuntingan, Mandaue City.<ref>[http://jac.ph/CJS/index.html Home page]. Cebu Japanese School. Retrieved on April 2, 2015. "5th /F Clotilde Commercial CenterM.L. Quezon St., Casuntingan, Mandaue City 6014 Philippines"</ref>

== Media ==
NOTE: Television and radio stations from Cebu City are also primarily served in this area.

=== Television ===
Television stations based in Mandaue City:

*DYCB-TV (ABS-CBN Cebu) - Channel 3; a television station of the ABS-CBN's regional network division, [[ABS-CBN Regional]], now defunct due to the cease and desist order issued by the [[National Telecommunications Commission]] after its [[ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy|legislative franchise lapsed]] last May 5, 2020 and its denial by the congress last July 10, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=ABS-CBN goes off-air after NTC order|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/259990-abs-cbn-goes-off-air-ntc-order-may-5-2020 |access-date=May 5, 2020 |work=Rappler |date=May 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=House committee rejects franchise for ABS-CBN|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/265771-house-committee-rejects-franchise-abs-cbn/ |access-date=July 10, 2020 |work=Rappler |date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
*DYKC-TV (RPTV 9) - Channel 9; a relay television station of the [[Radio Philippines Network]] / [[Nine Media Corporation]].

=== Radio ===
Radio stations licensed in Mandaue City:

*[[DYKC-AM|DYKC-AM (Radyo Ronda)]] - 675&nbsp;kHz; an [[AM broadcasting|AM radio]] station owned by the [[Radio Philippines Network|Radio Philippines Network (RPN)]] / [[Nine Media Corporation]].
*[[DYAR|DYAR-AM]] (Sonshine Radio) - 765&nbsp;kHz; an [[AM broadcasting|AM radio]] station owned by Swara Sug Media Corporation and operated by [[Sonshine Media Network International|Sonshine Media Network International (SMNI)]], currently off-air after the network issued a cease-and-desist order by the [[National Telecommunications Commission]] last December 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=Daanoy |first=Sonny |title=NTC slaps SMNI with 30-day suspension |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/12/21/ntc-slaps-smni-with-30-day-suspension |date=December 21, 2023 |newspaper=[[Manila Bulletin]] |access-date=December 21, 2023}}</ref>
*[[DYAB-AM]] (Radyo Patrol) 1512&nbsp;kHz; an AM station owned by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]], now defunct due to the cease and desist order issued by the [[National Telecommunications Commission|National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)]] after its [[ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy|legislative franchise lapsed]] last May 5, 2020.
*[[DYPC|DYPC-FM]] - 88.7&nbsp;MHz; a community FM station owned by the Mandaue Broadcasting Center, an affiliate member of [[Vimcontu Broadcasting Corporation]]'s radio station [[DYLA-AM]] in Cebu City. Currently off-air since 2019 due to non-renewal of permit.
*[[DYLS-FM]] (MOR Philippines) - 97.1&nbsp;MHz; a commercial FM station owned by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]], now defunct due to the cease and desist order issued by the [[National Telecommunications Commission]] after its [[ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy|legislative franchise lapsed]] last May 5, 2020.

== Sister cities ==

=== Local ===

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Bacolod]]
* [[Baguio]]
* [[Butuan]]
* [[Dumaguete]]
* [[Iloilo City]]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities">{{cite news |last1=Tayona |first1=Glenda |last2=Silubrico |first2=Ruby |title=Iloilo to showcase culture to 'sister cities' tonight |url=https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/ |access-date=April 9, 2019 |work=Panay News |date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409192355/https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/ |archive-date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Marikina]]
{{div col end}}

=== International ===
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bacău]], [[Romania]]<ref name="Bacau Sister">{{cite news |title=Mandaue Forges ties with Romanian City |work=The Freeman |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2009/01/31/435865/mandaue-forges-ties-romanian-city |access-date=January 31, 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mandaue, Mosul sign sister-city agreement |work=The Freeman |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/metro-cebu/2011/12/10/756536/mandaue-mosul-sign-sister-city-agreement |access-date=December 10, 2011}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==

{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
| title                 = Diccionario, geografico, estadistico, historico de las Islas Filipinas (2 vols)
| editor1-first         = Fr Manuel
| editor1-last          = Buzeta
| editor2-first         = Fr Felipe
| editor2-last          = Bravo
| location              = Madrid
| year                  = 1850
| language              = es
| name-list-style         = amp
}}
* {{cite news
| url        = http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/50353/rainbow-lane-in-mandaue
| title      = Rainbow lane in Mandaue
| date       = January 23, 2015
| first      = Norman V. Mendoza
| last       = Cebu Daily News
}}
* {{cite book
| url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=5L9eOnRFEzgC&pg=PA140
| title      = The war against the Americans: resistance and collaboration in Cebu
| first1     = Resil B.
| last1      = Mojares
| publisher  = Ateneo de Manila Press
| isbn       = 978-9715502986
| date       = 1999
}}

{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Mandaue}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Mandaue
| North     = [[Consolacion, Cebu|Consolacion]]
| East      = ''[[Camotes Sea]]''
| Southeast = ''[[Mactan Channel]]'' / [[Lapu-Lapu City]]
| South     = ''Mactan Channel''
| West      = [[Cebu City]]
}}

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| title = Articles related to Mandaue
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}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mandaue| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Cebu]]
[[Category:Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1599]]
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