View source for Manhattan

{{Short description|Borough and county in New York, US}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ----------->| name               = Manhattan
| official_name      = Borough of Manhattan
| other_name         = New York County
| native_name        = Manahatta<ref name=NativeNameManahatta>{{cite web|url=https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2023-10/manahatta_to_manhattan.pdf|title=Manahatta to Manhattan Native Americans in Lower Manhattan|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian|access-date=September 4, 2025}}</ref>
| nickname           = ''The City''
| etymology          = {{tooltip|Likely ult.|Most likely ultimately from (via Dutch)}} [[Unami language|Lenape]]: ''Manaháhtaan'' ("the place where we get [[bow (archery)|bows]]")
| settlement_type    = [[Boroughs of New York City|Borough]] and [[List of counties in New York|county]]
| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto              = <!-- images and maps ------>
| image_skyline      = Above Gotham.jpg
| imagesize          = 300
| image_caption      = [[Midtown Manhattan]], the world's largest [[central business district]], in the foreground, with [[Lower Manhattan]] and its [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] in the background
| mapframe          = yes
| mapframe-zoom     = 9
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-point    = none
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Interactive map outlining Manhattan
| image_map1         = Map of New York highlighting New York County.svg
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = Map of Manhattan in New York
| image_flag         = Flag_of_the_Borough_of_Manhattan.svg
| flag_size          = 115px
| image_seal         = Seal_of_Borough_of_Manhattan.svg
| seal_size          = 85px
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_type  = 
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| pushpin_map        = New York City#New York#USA#Earth
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_label      = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[New York City]]##Location within the [[State of New York]]##Location within the [[United States]]##Location on [[Earth]]

<!-- Location ------------->| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{Flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{Flag|New York}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in New York (state)|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = New York County (coextensive)
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of cities in New York (state)|City]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[New York City]]
| seat_type          = 
| seat               = 
| parts_type         = 
| parts_style        = <!--=list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| p1                 = 
| p2                 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->

<!-- Politics ------------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Borough (New York City)]]
| leader_title       = [[Borough President]]
| leader_name        = [[Mark Levine (New York politician)|Mark Levine]] ([[New York State Democratic Committee|D]])<br>— ''(Borough of Manhattan)''
| leader_title1      = [[New York County District Attorney|District Attorney]]
| leader_name1       = [[Alvin Bragg]] (D)<br>— ''(New York County)''
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1624}} 

<!-- Area ----------------->| unit_pref          = US
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CensusArea">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/county_sub_list_34.txt 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New York County Subdivisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616193236/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/county_sub_list_34.txt?sec_ak_reference=18.e60fea5.1559978646.1c6f833e |date=June 16, 2019 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 19, 2017.</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 33.59
| area_land_sq_mi    = 22.83
| area_water_sq_mi   = 10.76
| area_water_percent = 32

<!-- Elevation ------------>| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_max_ft   = 265.05
| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>[[Bennett Park (New York City)|Manhattan High Point]]</ref>
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_min_ft   = <!-- Dimensions ----------->
| length_mi          = 13
| width_mi           = 2.3
| dimensions_footnotes = —width at 14th Street, widest<ref name=Passikoff/>

<!-- Population ----------->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=QuickFacts/>
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 1,694,250
| population_density_sq_mi = 74,781.6
| population_est     = 1,660,665 {{loss}}
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name=QuickFacts/>
| population_demonyms = Manhattanite<ref>Moynihan, Colin. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html "F.Y.I."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417072347/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html |date=April 17, 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 19, 1999. Accessed December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?"</ref><br>Knickerbocker (historical, poetic)

<!-- GDP ----------->| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in New York County, NY|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPALL36061|website=fred.stlouisfed.org}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = $938.995 billion (2023) · [[List of US counties by GDP|2nd by U.S. county; 1st per capita]]

<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = −05:00
| timezone_DST       = EDT
| utc_offset_DST     = −04:00
| coordinates        = {{coord|40.7127|N|74.0059|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]] format
| postal_code        = 100xx, 101xx, 102xx
| area_code          = [[Area codes 212, 646, and 332|212/646/332]], [[Area code 917|917]]{{efn|[[Area codes 718, 347, and 929]] are used in [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]].}}
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| website            = {{URL|https://www.manhattanbp.nyc.gov/|manhattanbp.nyc.gov}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Manhattan'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|m|æ|n|ˈ|h|æ|t|ən|,_|m|ə|n|-|audio=En-NYC-Manhattan.ogg}} {{respell|man|HAT|ən|,_|mən|-}}}} is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the [[Boroughs of New York City|five boroughs]] of [[New York City]]. Coextensive with '''New York County''', Manhattan is the [[County statistics of the United States#Smallest, largest, and average area per state and territory|smallest county by area]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]. Located almost entirely on Manhattan Island near the southern tip of the state, Manhattan is centrally located in the [[Northeast megalopolis]] and the urban core of the [[New York metropolitan area]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2018 |title=World Urban Areas |url=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |access-date=April 27, 2018 |publisher=[[Demographia]]}}</ref> Manhattan serves as New York City's [[Economy of New York City|economic]] and [[Government of New York City|administrative]] center and has been described as the cultural, financial, [[Media in New York City|media]], and [[show business|entertainment]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html|title=A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324073334/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html|archive-date=March 24, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 11, 2001|access-date=November 20, 2016|quote=A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world.|author-last1=Barry|author-first1=Dan|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author-last=Sorrentino|author-first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Sorrentino|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html |title=When He Was Seventeen|work=The New York Times|date=September 16, 2007|access-date=December 22, 2007|quote=In 1980, there were still the remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users|title=Manhattan May Be the Media Capital of the World, But Not For iPad Users|author=Michael P. Ventura|newspaper=DNAinfo|date=April 6, 2010|access-date=June 11, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804015340/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users|archive-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref><ref name=ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time|author=Dawn Ennis|publisher=LGBTQ Nation|date=May 24, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213225/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|archive-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Present-day Manhattan was originally part of [[Lenape]] territory.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Burrows |first1=Edwin G. |last2=Wallace |first2=Mike |title=Gotham : a history of New York City to 1898 |publisher=Oxford University Press |others=Mike Wallace |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-585-36462-9 |location=Oxford |pages=6–7 |oclc=47011419}}</ref> European settlement began with the establishment of a [[trading post]] by [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|Dutch colonists]] in 1624 on Manhattan Island; the post was named [[New Amsterdam]] in 1626. The territory came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King [[Charles II of England]] granted the lands to his brother, the [[James II of England|Duke of York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |title=KINGSTON Discover 300 Years of New York History DUTCH COLONIES |publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123001850/http://www.nps.gov/nr//travel/kingston/colonization.htm |archive-date=November 23, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> New York, based in present-day [[Lower Manhattan]], served as the [[List of capitals in the United States#Capitals of the US|capital of the United States]] from 1785 until 1790.<ref name=senate>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |title=The Nine Capitals of the United States |publisher=[[United States Senate]] |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |archive-date=March 20, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Statue of Liberty]] in [[New York Harbor]] greeted millions of arriving immigrants [[History of immigration to the United States#1850 to 1930|in the late 19th century]] and is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statue of Liberty |work=World Heritage |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992–2011 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828142117/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307/ |archive-date=August 28, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manhattan became a borough during the [[consolidation of New York City|consolidation of New York City in 1898]], and houses [[New York City Hall]], the seat of the [[Government of New York City|city's government]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/nyregion/the-reporters-of-city-hall-return-to-their-old-perch.html |title=The Reporters of City Hall Return to Their Old Perch|author=Michael M. Grynbaum|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 24, 2012|access-date=December 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625035720/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/nyregion/the-reporters-of-city-hall-return-to-their-old-perch.html |archive-date=June 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Harlem]] in [[Upper Manhattan]] became the center of what is now known as the cultural [[Harlem Renaissance]] in the 1920s. The [[Stonewall Inn]] in [[Greenwich Village]], part of the [[Stonewall National Monument]], is considered the [[Stonewall riots|birthplace in 1969]] of the modern [[LGBTQ movements|gay-rights movement]], cementing Manhattan's central role in [[LGBTQ culture in New York City#Manhattan|LGBTQ culture]].<ref name=NPS99000562/><ref name=ObamaStonewall/> Manhattan was the site of the original [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]], which was [[collapse of the World Trade Center|destroyed]] during the [[September 11 attacks|September 11 terrorist attacks]] in 2001.

Situated on [[New York Harbor|one of the world's largest natural harbors]], the borough is bounded by the [[Hudson River|Hudson]], [[East River|East]], and [[Harlem River|Harlem]] rivers and includes [[List of smaller islands in New York City|several small adjacent islands]], including [[Roosevelt Island|Roosevelt]], [[U Thant Island|U Thant]], and [[Randalls and Wards Islands]]. It also includes the small neighborhood of [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]] now on the [[U.S. mainland]]. Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components, each cutting across the borough's long axis: Lower Manhattan, [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]], and Upper Manhattan. Manhattan is one of the most densely populated locations in the world, with a [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] population of 1,694,250 living in a land area of {{convert|22.66|sqmi|km2|2}},<ref name=QuickFacts/><ref>{{cite web|title=2020 Census Urban Areas Facts (2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural/2020-ua-facts.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 12, 2024}}</ref> or {{convert|72,918|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|residents&nbsp;|residents|}}, and its residential property has the highest sale price per square foot in the United States.<ref name="ManhattanPricePerSquareFoot" />

Manhattan is home to [[Wall Street]] as well as the world's two [[List of stock exchanges|largest stock exchanges]] by total [[market capitalization]], the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and [[Nasdaq]].<ref name="LargestExchanges">Neufeld, Dorothy. [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/largest-stock-exchanges-in-the-world/ "Mapped: The Largest Stock Exchanges in the World"], Virtual Capitalist, October 18, 2023. Accessed December 26, 2023.</ref> Many multinational [[media conglomerate]]s are based in Manhattan, as are numerous colleges and universities, such as [[Columbia University]], [[New York University]], [[Rockefeller University]], and the [[City University of New York]]. The [[headquarters of the United Nations]] is located in the [[Turtle Bay, Manhattan|Turtle Bay]] neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan. Manhattan hosts three of the world's top 10 most-visited tourist attractions: [[Times Square]], [[Central Park]], and [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref name="Ann Shields">{{cite web|title=The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions – No. 3: Times Square, New York City – Annual Visitors: 50,000,000|author=Ann Shields|publisher=Travel+Lesiure|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2|date=November 10, 2014|access-date=July 12, 2015|quote=No. 3 Times Square, ... No. 4 (tie) Central Park, ... No. 10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721092243/http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2 |archive-date=July 21, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[New York Penn Station]] is the busiest transportation hub in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/30/opinion/penn-station-reborn.html |title=Penn Station Reborn |first=Michael |last=Kimmelman |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 30, 2016 |access-date=August 3, 2022 }}</ref>  [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]] has the highest concentration of [[Chinese people in New York City|Chinese people]] in the Western Hemisphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html |title=The History of New York's Chinatown |first=Sarah |last=Waxman |publisher=Mediabridge Infosystems |access-date=January 12, 2024 |quote=Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side. }}</ref> [[Fifth Avenue]] has been ranked as the most expensive shopping street in the world, before falling to second in 2024.<ref>Freeman, Jess. [https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/australia/news/2024/11/milans-via-montenapoleone-tops-ranking-of-worlds-most-expensive-retail-destinations "Milan's Via Montenapoleone Tops Ranking Of World's Most Expensive Retail Destinations For First Time"], [[Cushman & Wakefield]], November 21, 2024. Accessed December 4, 2024. "Milan's Via Montenapoleone, where rents have risen by nearly a third in the past two years, has overtaken New York's Upper 5th Avenue to be crowned the world's most expensive retail destination, according to Cushman & Wakefield (NYSE: CWK).... Synonymous with fashion and luxury, Via Montenapoleone has steadily climbed the rankings in recent years, reaching second for the first time in 2023. Rents rose 11% to US$2,047 per square foot (psf) in the past 12 months, whereas rents on Upper 5th Avenue (US$2,000) remained flat for a second consecutive year."</ref><ref name="FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth">{{cite web |url=https://ir.cushmanwakefield.com/news/press-release-details/2023/New-Yorks-Fifth-Avenue-Retains-its-Top-Ranking-as-the-Worlds-Most-Expensive-Retail-Destination/default.aspx |title=New York's Fifth Avenue Retains its Top Ranking as the World's Most Expensive Retail Destination |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield |date=November 20, 2023 |access-date=July 31, 2024 }}</ref> The borough hosts many prominent [[Bridges and tunnels in New York City|bridges]], [[Bridges and tunnels in New York City|tunnels]], and [[Tallest buildings in New York City|skyscrapers]] including the [[Empire State Building]], [[Chrysler Building]], and [[One World Trade Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=city&city=NYC&country=US|title=Buildings in New York City|publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|access-date=June 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061539/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=city&city=NYC&country=US|archive-date=July 17, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also home to the [[National Basketball Association]]'s [[New York Knicks]] and the [[National Hockey League]]'s [[New York Rangers]].

==History==
{{Main|History of Manhattan}}
{{See also|History of New York City}}

=== Lenape settlement ===
Manhattan was historically part of the [[Lenapehoking]] territory inhabited by the [[Munsee]], [[Lenape]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=The True Native New Yorkers Can Never Truly Reclaim Their Homeland |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-native-new-yorkers-can-never-truly-reclaim-their-homeland-180970472/ |access-date=June 29, 2022 |website=Smithsonian Magazine }}</ref> and [[Wappinger]] [[Native Americans in the United States|tribes]].<ref name="nb">[[Nathaniel Benchley|Benchley, Nathaniel]]. [http://www.americanheritage.com/24-swindle "The $24 Swindle"] ''[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]]'', 1959, Vol. 11, Issue 1. Accessed January 5, 2024.</ref> There were several Lenape settlements in the area including [[Sapohanikan]], [[Nechtanc]], and [[Konaande Kongh]], which were interconnected by a series of trails. The primary trail on the island, which would later become [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], ran from what is now [[Inwood, Manhattan|Inwood]] in the north to [[Battery Park]] in the south.<ref>[https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/NY-01-061-9060 Broadway], [[Society of Architectural Historians]]. Accessed November 30, 2023. "Predating the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, Broadway was initially a Native American trading trail running the length of Manhattan. Various indigenous peoples living on the island—including Lenni Lenape, Delaware Lenape, and Wickquasgeck—used the route, known as the Wickquasgeck Trail, to exchange goods with each other. Following Dutch settlement in 1609 and the establishment of Fort Amsterdam in lower Manhattan, the Wickquasgeck Trail's southern endpoint became a site for trading between the indigenous peoples and the European colonists."</ref> There were various sites for [[fishing]] and planting established by the Lenape throughout Manhattan.<ref name=":1" />

==== Toponymy ====
{{further|Etymology of Manhattan}}
The [[etymology]] of the name ''Manhattan'' is most likely — amongst other theories, and via [[loanword|loaning]] by [[Dutch language|Dutch]] — from the [[Lenape]]'s local language [[Munsee language|Munsee]], ''manaháhtaan'' (where ''manah-'' means "gather", ''-aht-'' means "[[bow (archery)|bow]]", and ''-aan'' is used to form verb [[word stem|stems]]). The Lenape word has been translated as "the place where we get bows" or "place for gathering the (wood to make) bows". According to a Munsee tradition recorded by [[Albert Anthony|Albert Seqaqkind Anthony]] in the 19th century, the island was named for a grove of [[hickory tree]]s that was considered ideal for bowmaking. An alternate theory claims a "[[Delaware languages|Delaware]] source akin to [[Munsee]] ''munahan'' ("island")."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goddard|first=Ives|author-link=Ives Goddard|date=2010|title=The Origin and Meaning of the Name "Manhattan"|url=http://repository.si.edu/xmlui/handle/10088/16790|journal=New York History|volume=91|issue=4|pages=277–293|hdl=10088/16790|issn=0146-437X|via=Smithsonian Research Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Manhattan#etymonline_v_6797
 |title=Manhattan
 |website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]
 |author=Douglas Harper
 |date=2023
 |access-date=December 30, 2024
}}</ref>

===Colonial era{{anchor|17th century}}===
{{main|New Netherland|New Amsterdam|Province of New York}}
{{multiple image
 | align     = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width     = 220
 | image1    = Stad Amsterdam in Nieuw Nederland (City Amsterdam in New Netherland) Castello Plan 1660.jpg
 | caption1  = The [[Castello Plan]], a 1660 map of New Amsterdam (the top right corner is roughly north) in [[Lower Manhattan]]
 | image2    = GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg
 | caption2  = [[New Amsterdam]], centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year [[British colonization of the Americas|England]] took control and renamed it New York
}}
In April 1524, [[Florence|Florentine]] explorer [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], sailing in service of [[Francis I of France]], became the first documented European to visit the area that would become New York City.<ref>[https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/giovanni-da-verrazzano/ Giovanni da Verrazzano], [[Mariners' Museum and Park]]. Accessed December 24, 2023. "Verrazzano sailed onward, continuing his search for the Northwest Passage. In mid-April 1524, Verrazzano and his crew became the first known Europeans to sail into New York Bay. Once again they were greeted peacefully by the Native Americans and treated well."</ref> Verrazzano entered the [[tidal strait]] now known as [[The Narrows]] and named the land around [[Upper New York Harbor]] ''[[New Angoulême]]'', in reference to the family name of [[Francis I of France|King Francis I]]; he sailed far enough into the harbor to sight the [[Hudson River]], and he named the ''Bay of Santa Margarita'' – what is now [[New York Harbor|Upper New York Bay]] – after [[Marguerite de Navarre]], the elder sister of the king.<ref>R. J. Knecht: Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I; p. 372. Cambridge University Press (1996) {{ISBN|0-521-57885-X}}</ref><ref>[[Seymour I. Schwartz]]: The Mismapping of America. p. 42; The University of Rochester Press (2008) {{ISBN|978-1-58046-302-7}}</ref>

Manhattan was first mapped during a 1609 voyage of [[Henry Hudson]].<ref>{{cite book |title=New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262 |author1=Rankin, Rebecca B. |author2=Cleveland Rodgers |publisher=Harper |date=1948 }}</ref> Hudson came across Manhattan Island and the native people living there, and continued up the river that would later bear his name, the [[Hudson River]].<ref name=SciAm>[http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/diglib/sciamer/hhudson/hhudson.htm "Henry Hudson and His Exploration"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118021253/http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/diglib/sciamer/hhudson/hhudson.htm |date=January 18, 2012 }} ''[[Scientific American]]'', September 25, 1909. Accessed May 1, 2007. "This was a vain hope however, and the conviction must finally have come to the heart of the intrepid adventurer that once again he was foiled in his repeated quest for the northwest passage ... On the following day the ''Half Moon'' let go her anchor inside of [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]]. The week was spent in exploring the bay with a shallop, or small boat, and "they found a good entrance between two headlands" (the Narrows) "and thus entered on the 12th of September into as fine a river as can be found""</ref> Manhattan was first recorded in writing as ''Manna-hata'', in the logbook of Robert Juet, an officer on the voyage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://documents.nytimes.com/robert-juet-s-journal-of-hudson-s-1609-voyage#document/p16 |title= Juet's Journal of Hudson's 1609 Voyage, from the 1625 Edition of ''Purchas His Pilgrimes'' |work=The New York Times |date=2006 |orig-year=1625 |first=Robert |last=Juet |page= 16 |others= Translated by Brea Barthel |access-date= May 11, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160703074230/http://documents.nytimes.com/robert-juet-s-journal-of-hudson-s-1609-voyage#document/p16 |archive-date= July 3, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

A permanent European presence in [[New Netherland]] began in 1624, with the founding of a [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] [[fur trade|fur trading]] settlement on [[Governors Island]].<ref>[https://www.govisland.com/history History], [[Governor's Island]]. Accessed December 24, 2023. "The Dutch West India Company first arrived to New Amsterdam and opted to set up camp on the small, 70-acre Island rather than brave the wilderness that lay across the water on the island that would later be known as Manhattan."</ref> In 1625, construction was started on the [[citadel]] of [[Fort Amsterdam]] on Manhattan Island, later called [[New Amsterdam]] (''Nieuw Amsterdam''), in what is now Lower Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519132451/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |date=May 19, 2010 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan."</ref><ref name=Tolerance>[http://tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824201858/http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html |date=August 24, 2019 }}, Tolerance Park. Accessed November 20, 2016. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708.</ref> The establishment of Fort Amsterdam is recognized as the birth of New York City.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml City Seal and Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428153256/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml |date=April 28, 2015 }}, New York City. Accessed November 20, 2016. "Date: Beneath the horizontal laurel branch the date 1625, being the year of the establishment of New Amsterdam."</ref>
In 1647, [[Peter Stuyvesant]] was appointed as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667648/ ''Journal of New Netherland 1647. Written in the Years 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, and 1646.''], [[Library of Congress]]. Accessed August 6, 2023. "The West India Company removed Kieft from his post in 1647 and replaced him with Peter Stuyvesant, the last director-general of New Netherland before the colony was taken over by the English in 1664."</ref> New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1653.<ref>[http://council.nyc.gov/html/about/about.shtml About the Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212013515/http://council.nyc.gov/html/about/about.shtml |date=February 12, 2016 }}, [[New York City Council]]. Accessed May 18, 2007.</ref> In 1664, English forces conquered New Netherland and renamed it "New York" after the English [[James II of England|Duke of York and Albany]], the future King James II.<ref>[https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=101 New Netherlands Becomes New York], [[University of Houston]] Digital History. Accessed January 3, 2024. "In 1664, the English sent a fleet to seize New Netherlands, which surrendered without a fight. The English renamed the colony New York, after James, the Duke of York, who had received a charter to the territory from his brother King Charles II."</ref> In August 1673, the [[Reconquest of New Netherland|Dutch reconquered]] the colony, renaming it "New Orange", but permanently relinquished it back to England the following year under the terms of the [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]] that ended the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]].<ref>Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),''Exploring Historic Dutch New York''. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). {{ISBN|978-0-486-48637-6}}</ref><ref>[https://www.history101.nyc/history-of-new-york-city-1600s "History of New York City - 1600s NYC"], History 101 NYC. Accessed January 3, 2024. "1673: A pivotal moment in New York City's history when Dutch forces briefly reclaimed it during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. The city, captured by the English in 1664 and renamed New York, was temporarily dubbed New Orange in honor of William of Orange.... 1674: The Treaty of Westminster, signed in February, officially concluded the Third Anglo-Dutch War. This treaty marked a crucial turn in colonial history, transferring New York permanently to English control."</ref>

===American Revolution{{anchor|18th century}}===
{{Further|American Revolution}}
[[File:George Washington Statue at Federal Hall.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)|Statue]] of [[George Washington]] in front of [[Federal Hall]] on [[Wall Street]], where in 1789 he was sworn in as the [[Presidency of George Washington|first U.S. president]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Inauguration of George Washington, 1789 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/washingtoninaug.htm |publisher=Ibis Communications, Inc |work=Eyewitness to History |date=2005|access-date=January 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110000045/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/washingtoninaug.htm|archive-date=January 10, 2013}}</ref>]]

Manhattan was at the heart of the [[New York and New Jersey campaign|New York Campaign]], a series of major battles in the early stages of the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The [[Continental Army]] was forced to abandon Manhattan after the [[Battle of Fort Washington]] on November 16, 1776.<ref>[https://www.battlefields.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/fort-washington Fort Washington], [[American Battlefield Trust]]. Accessed November 30, 2023. "Fought on November 16, 1776 on the island of Manhattan, the Battle of Fort Washington was the final devastating chapter in General Washington's disastrous New York Campaign.... At 3:00 P.M., after a fruitless attempt to gain gentler surrender terms for his men, Magaw surrendered Fort Washington and its 2,800 surviving defenders to the British."</ref> The city, greatly damaged by the [[Great Fire of New York (1776)|Great Fire of New York]] during the campaign, became the British military and political center of operations in North America for the remainder of the war.<ref>[http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=8258 Fort Washington Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708181253/http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=8258 |date=July 8, 2009 }}, [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Accessed May 18, 2007.</ref> British occupation lasted until November 25, 1783, when [[George Washington]] returned to Manhattan, a day celebrated as [[Evacuation Day (New York)|Evacuation Day]], marking when the last British forces left the city.<ref>Axelson, Erik Peter.[http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_newsroom/daily_plants/daily_plant_main.php?id=19733 "Happy Evacuation Day"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005121859/http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_newsroom/daily_plants/daily_plant_main.php?id=19733 |date=October 5, 2008 }}, [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]], November 23, 2005. Accessed December 24, 2023. "During the Revolutionary War, New York City was occupied by British forces (from September 15, 1776 to November 25, 1783). For generations afterward, New Yorkers celebrated its repatriation from the British as Evacuation Day."</ref>

From January 11, 1785, until 1789, New York City was the fifth of five [[List of capitals in the United States|capitals of the United States]] under the [[Articles of Confederation]], with the [[Continental Congress]] meeting at [[New York City Hall]] (then at [[Fraunces Tavern]]).<ref>[https://declaration.fas.harvard.edu/blog/january-superintending-1 "January Highlight: Superintending Independence, Part 1"], [[Harvard University]] Declaration Resources Project, January 4, 2017. Accessed December 24, 2023. "From January 11, 1785 through 1789, the Congress of the Confederation met in New York City, at City Hall (which later became Federal Hall) and at Fraunces Tavern."</ref> New York was the first capital under the newly enacted [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]], from March 4, 1789, to August 12, 1790, at [[Federal Hall]].<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm The Nine Capitals of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |date=March 20, 2016 }}. [[United States Senate]] Historical Office. Accessed June 9, 2005. Based on Fortenbaugh, Robert, ''The Nine Capitals of the United States'', York, Pennsylvania: Maple Press, 1948...</ref> Federal Hall was where the [[United States Supreme Court]] met for the first time,<ref>{{cite web|title=Birthplace of American Government|url=https://www.nps.gov/feha/index.htm|website=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=September 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912063959/http://www.nps.gov/feha/index.htm|archive-date=September 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[United States Bill of Rights]] were drafted and ratified,<ref name=cwf>{{cite web|last1=Lynch|first1=Jack |title=Debating the Bill of Rights|url=http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter09/rights.cfm|website=[[Colonial Williamsburg Foundation]] |access-date=September 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705233009/http://history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter09/rights.cfm |archive-date=July 5, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and where the [[Northwest Ordinance]] was adopted, establishing measures for [[admission to the Union]] of new states.<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/feha/learn/hc.htm History & Culture: Federal Hall National Memorial], [[National Park Service]]. Accessed November 30, 2023. "After the American Revolution, the Continental Congress met at City Hall and, in 1787, adopted the Northwest Ordinance, establishing procedures for creating new states."</ref>

===19th century===
New York grew as an economic center, first as a result of [[Alexander Hamilton]]'s policies and practices as the first [[Secretary of the Treasury]] to expand the city's role as a center of commerce and industry.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/new-york-historic/ Historic New York], ''[[American Experience]]''. Accessed December 24, 2023. "But New York's enormous Revolutionary War debt had the federal government hovering on the brink of bankruptcy, so Alexander Hamilton struck a momentous deal with Thomas Jefferson.... Alexander Hamilton's extraordinary early vision helped invent the economic future not only for his adoptive city, but also for the rest of the United States. Although the country was 90% agrarian, Hamilton understood that the future lay in manufacturing. As the first Secretary of the Treasury in New York City in 1789, he mapped out a blueprint for a new kind of nation – one based not on plantations and slave labor, but on commerce, manufacturing, and immigrant toil."</ref> In 1810, New York City, then confined to Manhattan, had surpassed [[Philadelphia]] as the most populous city in the United States.<ref>[[David W. Dunlap|Dunlap, David W.]] [https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/01/1810-war-clouds-on-horizon-but-limitless-growth-beyond/ "Last Time New York Had Just 27 House Seats? The City Was on the Rise"], {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924053746/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/01/1810-war-clouds-on-horizon-but-limitless-growth-beyond/ | date=September 24, 2014}} ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 1, 2010. Accessed December 24, 2023. "Even as war with Britain seemed more and more inevitable, however, New York spent much of 1810 — boisterously and confidently — developing into the American metropolis. New York, just as I pictured it. This was the year New York surpassed Philadelphia in population to become the largest city of the young republic, with 96,373 people; 94,687 of whom were free, 1,686 of whom were enslaved."</ref> The [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]] laid out the island of Manhattan in its familiar [[grid plan]].<ref name=MCNY1811>[https://thegreatestgrid.mcny.org/greatest-grid/making-the-plan/12 The Commissioners' Plan, 1811], [[Museum of the City of New York]]. Accessed December 1, 2023. "The avenues are 100 feet wide, the standard cross street is 60 feet, and major cross streets are 100 feet.... The second pattern derives from block dimensions: all blocks are 200 feet north to south, but their dimensions east to west vary, diminishing in width from the center of the island to the shorelines."</ref> The city's role as an economic center grew with the opening of the [[Erie Canal]] in 1825, cutting transportation costs by 90% compared to road transport and connecting the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the [[Midwestern United States]] and [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite book|author = Bridges, William | title = Map of the City of New York and Island of Manhattan with Explanatory Remarks and References | year= 1811}}</ref><ref name="lankevich-p67">Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68.</ref><ref>[https://www.canals.ny.gov/history/history.html Canal History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210014948/https://canals.ny.gov/history/history.html |date=December 10, 2023 }}, [[New York State Canal Corporation]]. Accessed January 3, 2024. "In 1825, Governor Dewitt Clinton officially opened the Erie Canal as he sailed the packet boat Seneca Chief along the Canal from Buffalo to Albany.... The explosion of trade prophesied by Governor Clinton began, spurred by freight rates from Buffalo to New York of $10 per ton by Canal, compared with $100 per ton by road.... The Erie Canal played an integral role in the transformation of New York City into the nation's leading port, a national identity that continues to be reflected in many songs, legends and artwork today."</ref>

[[Tammany Hall]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] [[political machine]], began to grow in influence with the support of many of the [[Irish diaspora|immigrant Irish]], culminating in the election of the first Tammany mayor, [[Fernando Wood]], in 1854.<ref>[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,807536,00.html "Sachems & Sinners An Informal History Of Tammany Hall"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', August 22, 1955. Accessed December 1, 2023. "Born in Philadelphia, Wood went to New York to become an actor, but turned instead to politics and rose to become the first real Boss of Tammany Hall. In 1854 he became Mayor of New York City."</ref> Covering {{Convert|840|acres}} in the center of the island, [[Central Park]], which opened its first portions to the public in 1858, became the first [[arboriculture|landscaped public park]] in an American city.<ref>[https://archaeology.cityofnewyork.us/collection/nyc-timeline/central-park-opens Central Park Opens: 1858], [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]. Accessed December 24, 2023. ""</ref><ref>Blair, Cynthia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004544/http://www.newsday.com/about/ny-ihiny011405story%2C0%2C2798382.htmlstory "1858: Central Park Opens"], ''[[Newsday]]''. Accessed May 29, 2007. "Between 1853 and 1856, city commissioners purchased more than {{convert|700|acre|ha}} from 59th Street to 106th Street between Fifth and Eighth Avenues to create Central Park, the nation's first public park {{sic}} as well as its first landscaped park." In actuality, [[Boston Common]] is the nation's first public park. [http://www.thefreedomtrail.org/freedom-trail/boston-common.shtml Boston Common] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226153116/http://www.thefreedomtrail.org/freedom-trail/boston-common.shtml |date=December 26, 2014 }}, Thefreedomtrail.org.</ref><ref>Rybczynski, Witold. [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/olmsteds-triumph-85403245/ "Olmsted's Triumph"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226143407/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/olmsteds-triumph-85403245/ |date=December 26, 2015 }}, ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)]]'', July 2003. Accessed November 20, 2016. "By 1876, landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted and architect Calvert Vaux had transformed the swampy, treeless 50 blocks between Harlem and midtown Manhattan into the first landscaped park in the United States."</ref><ref>Morgan, David. [https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/new-york-central-park/2/ "New York's Central Park"], ''[[CBS News]]'', July 21, 2019. Accessed December 24, 2023. "America's first major landscaped public park, Manhattan's 840-acre Central Park welcomes more than 37 million visitors every year."</ref>
{{Wide image|Viele Map 1865.jpg|700|The "Sanitary & Topographical Map of the City and Island of New York", commonly known as the Viele Map, developed by [[Egbert Ludovicus Viele]] in 1865}}

New York City played a complex role in the [[American Civil War]]. The city had strong commercial ties to the [[southern United States|South]], but anger around [[conscription]], resentment against Lincoln's war policies and paranoia about [[free negro|free Blacks]] taking the jobs of poor immigrants<ref>Harris, Leslie M. [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html "The New York City Draft Riots of 1863" excerpted from ''In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629080852/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html |date=June 29, 2011 }}, [[University of Chicago Press]]. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> culminated in the three-day-long [[New York Draft Riots]] of July 1863, among the worst incidents of [[civil disorder]] in American history.<ref>[[Geoffrey C. Ward|Ward, Geoffrey C.]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/06/books/gangs-of-new-york.html "Gangs of New York"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716171936/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/06/books/gangs-of-new-york.html |date=July 16, 2019 }}, a review of ''[[Paradise Alley]]'' by [[Kevin Baker (author)|Kevin Baker]], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 6, 2002. Accessed June 30, 2009. "The New York draft riots remain the worst civil disturbance in American history: according to the historian Adrian Cook, 119 people are known to have been killed, mostly rioters or onlookers who got too close when federal troops, brought back from the battlefield to restore order, started shooting."</ref> The rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply after the Civil War, and Manhattan became the first stop for millions seeking a new life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the [[Statue of Liberty]] in 1886.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/archive/stli/prod02.htm Statue of Liberty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316214349/http://www.nps.gov/archive/stli/prod02.htm |date=March 16, 2016 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed May 17, 2007.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/06/nyregion/new-jerseyans-claim-to-liberty-i-rejected.html "New Jerseyans' Claim To Liberty I. Rejected"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328063437/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/06/nyregion/new-jerseyans-claim-to-liberty-i-rejected.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 6, 1987. Accessed June 30, 2009. "The Supreme Court today refused to strip the Statue of Liberty of its status as a New Yorker. The Court, without comment, turned away a move by a two New Jerseyans to claim jurisdiction over the landmark for their state."</ref> This immigration brought further social upheaval. In a city of tenements packed with poorly paid laborers from dozens of nations, the city became a hotbed of [[revolution]] (including [[anarchist]]s and [[communist]]s among others), [[syndicalism]], [[racketeering]], and [[unionization]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In 1883, the opening of the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] across the [[East River]] established a road connection to [[Brooklyn]] and the rest of [[Long Island]].<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/brooklyn-bridge.shtml Brooklyn Bridge], [[New York City Department of Transportation]]. Accessed November 30, 2023. "The Brooklyn Bridge was designed by John A. Roebling. Construction began in 1869 and was completed in 1883.... The Brooklyn Bridge connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River."</ref> In 1898, New York City consolidated with three neighboring counties to form "the [[City of Greater New York]]", and Manhattan was established as one of the five [[boroughs of New York City]].<ref>[https://archaeology.cityofnewyork.us/collection/nyc-timeline/consolidation-of-the-five-borough-city Consolidation of the Five-Borough City: 1898], [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]. Accessed November 30, 2023. "On January 1, 1898, the separate jurisdictions of New York (Manhattan), Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island joined together to form a single metropolis: the City of Greater New York. Movements for consolidation had been considered as far back as 1820, but by the end of the 19th century proponents were claiming that a single metropolitan jurisdiction stretching over five boroughs would run more efficiently and cement New York as the economic and cultural capital of the nation."</ref><ref>McFadden, Robert D. [https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/01/archives/rockets-red-glare-marked-birth-of-merged-city-in-1898-sounds-and.html "Rockets' Red Glare Marked Birth of Merged City in 1898"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 1, 1973. Accessed November 30, 2023.</ref> [[The Bronx]] remained part of New York County until 1914, when Bronx County was established.<ref>[https://www.thirteen.org/bronx/history2.html "Birth of a Borough"], ''A Walk Through the Bronx''. Accessed January 3, 2024. "After consolidation in 1898, the twenty-third and twenty-fourth wards became the borough of the Bronx, which with Manhattan remained part of New York County (the other boroughs were already separate counties).... It was not until 1912, however, that the state legislature established the County of the Bronx as the sixty-second county in the state, effective January 1, 1914."</ref>

===20th century===
{{further|Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire|Stonewall riots}}
[[File:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg|thumb|Manhattan's [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] on the [[Lower East Side]], {{c.|1900}}]]
[[File:Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg|alt=A man working on a steel girder high above a city skyline.|thumb|A [[construction worker]] atop the [[Empire State Building]] during its construction in 1930. The [[Chrysler Building]] is visible to the right.]]
The construction of the [[New York City Subway]], which opened in 1904, helped bind the new city together,<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/2016600205/ Opening ceremonies, New York subway, Oct. 27, 1904], [[Library of Congress]]. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref> as did the completion of the [[Williamsburg Bridge]] (1903) and [[Manhattan Bridge]] (1909) connecting to Brooklyn and the [[Queensboro Bridge]] (1909) connecting to Queens.<ref>Dim, Joan Marans. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1c5cjq1 "New York's Golden Age of Bridges"], [[Fordham University Press]], 2012. {{ISBN|978-0-8232-5308-1}}. Accessed December 4, 2023. "The Williamsburg followed in 1903, the Queensboro (renamed the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge) and the Manhattan in 1909, the George Washington in 1931, the Triborough (renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge) in 1936, the Bronx-Whitestone in 1939, the Throgs Neck in 1961, and the Verrazano-Narrows in 1964."</ref> In the 1920s, Manhattan experienced large arrivals of African-Americans as part of the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the southern United States, and the [[Harlem Renaissance]],<ref>[https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/new-african-american-identity-harlem-renaissance A New African American Identity: The Harlem Renaissance], [[National Museum of African American History and Culture]]. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref> part of a larger boom time in the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] era that included new [[skyscraper]]s competing for the skyline, with the [[Woolworth Building]] (1913), [[40 Wall Street]] (1930), the [[Chrysler Building]] (1930), and the [[Empire State Building]] (1931) leapfrogging each other to take their place as the [[History of the world's tallest buildings|world's tallest building]].<ref>Barr, Jason M. [https://buildingtheskyline.org/tag/woolworth-building/ "Why Doesn't New York Construct the World's Tallest Building Anymore?"], Building the Skyline, December 23, 2020. Accessed December 4, 2023. "Generation II was the twentieth century before World War I. This crop included the Singer Building (1908, 674 feet, 205 meters, 41 stories), the Metropolitan Life Tower (1909, 700 feet, 210 meters, 50 stories), and the Woolworth Building (1913, 792 feet, 241 meters, 55 stories).... Left to Right: Bank of Manhattan Building (1930), Chrysler Building (1930), Empire State Building (1931)."</ref> 

Manhattan's majority [[White American|white]] ethnic group declined from 98.7% in 1900 to 58.3% by 1990.<ref name=Census1790to1990/> On March 25, 1911, the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]] in [[Greenwich Village]] killed 146 [[garment worker]]s,<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/aboutosha/40-years/trianglefactoryfire The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire], [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]]. Accessed December 1, 2023. "One hundred years ago on March 25, fire spread through the cramped Triangle Waist Company garment factory on the 8th, 9th and 10th floors of the Asch Building in lower Manhattan. Workers in the factory, many of whom were young women recently arrived from Europe, had little time or opportunity to escape. The rapidly spreading fire killed 146 workers."</ref> leading to overhauls of the city's fire department, [[building code]]s, and workplace safety regulations.<ref>Markel, Howard. [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how-the-triangle-shirtwaist-factory-fire-transformed-labor-laws-and-protected-workers-health "How the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire transformed labor laws and protected workers' health"], ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', March 31, 2021. Accessed December 4, 2023. "Activists kept their memory alive by lobbying their local and state leaders to do something in the name of building and worker safety and health. Three months later, John Alden Dix, then the governor of New York, signed a law empowering the Factory Investigating Committee, which resulted in eight more laws covering fire safety, factory inspection, and sanitation and employment rules for women and children. The following year, 1912, activists and legislators in New York State enacted another 25 laws that transformed its labor protections among the most progressive in the nation."</ref> In 1912, about 20,000 workers, a quarter of them women, marched upon [[Washington Square Park]] to commemorate the fire. Many of the women wore fitted tucked-front blouses like those manufactured by the company, a clothing style that became the working woman's uniform and a symbol of [[women's liberation]], reflecting the alliance of the labor and [[suffrage]] movements.<ref>[https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ The Triangle Factory Fire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512025233/http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ |date=May 12, 2012 }}, [[Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations]]. Accessed April 25, 2007.</ref>

Despite the [[Great Depression]], some of the world's tallest skyscrapers were completed in Manhattan during the 1930s, including numerous [[Art Deco]] masterpieces that are still part of the city's skyline, most notably the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and [[GE Building|30 Rockefeller Plaza]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Skyscraper boom tied to market crash | website=Real Estate Weekly | date=February 19, 2014 | url=http://rew-online.com/2014/02/19/skyscraper-boom-tied-to-market-crash/ | access-date=April 11, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412083536/http://rew-online.com/2014/02/19/skyscraper-boom-tied-to-market-crash/ | archive-date=April 12, 2018 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> A postwar economic boom led to the development of huge housing developments targeted at returning veterans, the largest being [[Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village]], which opened in 1947.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1947/08/01/archives/stuyvesant-town-to-get-its-first-tenants-today.html "Stuyvesant Town to Get Its First Tenants Today"], p. 19, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 1, 1947. Accessed December 4, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.stuytown.com/guides/stuytown/history "A History of StuyTown & Peter Cooper Village"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227191506/https://www.stuytown.com/guides/stuytown/history |date=December 27, 2023 }}, ''Stuytown'', January 12, 2019. Accessed December 27, 2023. "Construction of StuyTown took place between 1945-1947, encompassing 110 buildings and 11,250 apartments."</ref> The [[United Nations]] relocated to a new [[headquarters of the United Nations|headquarters]] that was completed in 1952 along the East River.<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/visit/about-us About Us], [[United Nations]]. Accessed December 27, 2023. "Construction began on UN Day (24 October) 1949 and was completed in 1952. Since then, the iconic buildings have gracefully 'hovered' over the East River, using the natural landscape to emphasize the brilliance of the 'glass curtain' wall of the Secretariat (the first of its kind in Manhattan), like a beacon of light to the world."</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FCortland%2520NY%2520Standard%2FCortland%2520NY%2520Standard%25201951%2FCortland%2520NY%2520Standard%25201951%2520-%25200266.pdf|title=UN Moves Into New Building In NYC Today|last=[[Associated Press]]|date=January 8, 1951|work=Cortland Standard|access-date=December 21, 2017|page=1|via=[[Old Fulton New York Postcards]]}}</ref><ref>[[A. M. Rosenthal|Rosenthal, A. M.]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1951/05/19/archives/un-vacates-site-at-lake-success-peace-building-back-to-war-output.html "U.N. Vacates Site at Lake Success; Peace Building Back to War Output"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 19, 1951. Accessed December 27, 2023.</ref>
[[File:Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg|alt=A two-story building with brick on the first floor, with two arched doorways, and gray stucco on the second floor off of which hang numerous rainbow flags.|thumb|[[Stonewall Inn]] in [[Greenwich Village]], the site of the June 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] and the cradle of the modern [[gay rights|LGBTQ+ rights]] movement]]
The [[Stonewall riots]] were a series of spontaneous, violent protests by members of the [[LGBT community|gay community]] against a [[police raid]] that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the [[Stonewall Inn]] in the [[Greenwich Village]] neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the [[gay liberation]] movement<ref name=GayGreenwichVillage1>{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/|title=Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers|author=Julia Goicichea|publisher=The Culture Trip |date=August 16, 2017|access-date=February 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428024815/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/|archive-date=April 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=KentuckyStonewall/> and the modern fight for [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]].<ref name=NPSStonewall/><ref name=ObamaStonewall/><ref name="GayborhoodGreenwichVillage">{{cite web |first=Julia |last=Goicichea |date=August 16, 2017 |title=Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers |url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/ |access-date=January 25, 2025 |publisher=The Culture Trip |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102084000/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=NPS99000562>{{cite web |title=Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562 |url=https://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm |access-date=January 25, 2025|publisher=[[National Park Service]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Eli |last=Rosenberg |date=June 24, 2016 |title=Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/nyregion/stonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html |access-date=January 25, 2025}}</ref>

In the 1970s, job losses due to [[Deindustrialization|industrial restructuring]] caused New York City, including Manhattan, to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|title=New York in the 70s: A Remembrance|author=Allan Tannenbaum|publisher=The Digital Journalist|access-date=July 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320194616/http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|archive-date=March 20, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> While a resurgence in the [[financial industry]] greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through the decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |author=Christopher Effgen |url=http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm |title=New York Crime Rates 1960–2009 |publisher=Disastercenter.com |date=September 11, 2001 |access-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629060042/http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 1980s saw a rebirth of [[Wall Street]], and Manhattan reclaimed its role as the world's [[financial center]], with Wall Street employment doubling from 1977 to 1987.<ref>David, Greg. [https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20100627/ANNIVERSARY/100629890/new-york-city-then-now "New York City: Then & Now"], ''[[Crain's New York]]'', June 27, 2010. Accessed December 3, 2023. "Still, Wall Street stands apart, not only as the engine of the city's rebirth and the dominant figure on the New York business landscape, but as the singular ingredient that the city can no longer live without, for better and for worse.... Back in 1977, Wall Street's ranks had been winnowed to 70,000, a decline of 30% during the decade. Those jobs accounted for only 5% of all the wages in the city.... The securities industry in the city more than doubled in size in the decade to 160,000. The pay its people received increased sixfold, accounting for almost 13% of all the wages in the city."</ref> The 1980s also saw Manhattan at the heart of the [[AIDS crisis]], with Greenwich Village at its epicenter.<ref>[https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/st-vincents-hospital-manhattan/ St. Vincent's Hospital Manhattan], NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project. Accessed December 3, 2023. "By the time HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first identified in 1983, St. Vincent's had become the epicenter of the epidemic in New York City with patients overwhelming the emergency room, its hallways, and beds."</ref>

In the 1970s, [[Times Square]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] – with its [[sex shop]]s, [[peep show]]s, and adult theaters, along with its [[prostitution|sex trade]], street crime, and public drug use – became emblematic of the city's decline, with a 1981 article in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine calling the stretch of West 42nd Street between [[7th Avenue (Manhattan)|7th]] and [[8th Avenue (Manhattan)|8th Avenues]] the "sleaziest block in America".<ref>Chakraborty, Deblina. [https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/18/us/80s-times-square-then-and-now/index.html "When Times Square was sleazy"], ''[[CNN]]'', April 18, 2016. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The sex market and drug trade thrived in the area, and homeless encampments dotted its streets. Many local theaters – once legitimate operations showcasing the performances of renowned actors like Lionel Barrymore – had become home to peep shows and porn movies.... In 1981, ''Rolling Stone'' magazine called West 42nd Street, located in the heart of Times Square, the 'sleaziest block in America.'"</ref> By the late 1990s, led by efforts by the city and the [[Walt Disney Company]], the area had been revived as a center of tourism to the point where it was described by ''[[The New York Times]]'' as "arguably the most sought-after 13 acres of commercial property in the world."<ref>Bagli, Charles V.; and Kennedy, Randy. [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/05/nyregion/disney-wished-upon-times-sq-and-rescued-a-stalled-dream.html "Disney Wished Upon Times Sq. And Rescued a Stalled Dream"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 5, 1998. Accessed January 2, 2024. "Only five years later, a relative blink of the eye in the world of New York City development, that 42d Street is a dim memory. Times Square is a swirl of theaters, theme restaurants, tourist buses and construction cranes. It has become arguably the most sought-after 13 acres of commercial property in the world."</ref>

By the 1990s, crime rates began to drop dramatically<ref>Fagan, Jeffrey; Zimring, Franklin E.; and Kim, June. [https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=6979&context=jclc "Declining Homicide in New York City: A Tale of Two Trends"], ''[[Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology]]'', Summer 1998. Accessed December 3, 2023. "The peak year in Manhattan and the Bronx was 1990, while Brooklyn and Queens had their highest levels in 1991. Still, the temporal pattern during the late 1980s and early 1990s was pretty consistent across boroughs."</ref><ref>[https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2013/february/1990s-drop-in-nyc-crime-not-due-to-compstat-misdemeanor-arrests-study-finds.html "1990s Drop in NYC Crime Not Due to CompStat, Misdemeanor Arrests, Study Finds"], [[New York University]], February 4, 2013. Accessed December 3, 2023. "New York City experienced a historic decline in crime rates during the 1990s, but it was not due to the implementation of CompStat or enhanced enforcement of misdemeanor offenses, according to an analysis by NYU sociologist David Greenberg."</ref> and the city once again became the destination of immigrants from around the world, joining with low [[interest rate]]s and Wall Street [[bonus payment]]s to fuel the growth of the real estate market.<ref>Hevesi, Dennis. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/16/realestate/in-much-of-the-city-a-robust-market.html "In Much of the City, A Robust Market"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328071307/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/16/realestate/in-much-of-the-city-a-robust-market.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 16, 1997. Accessed June 29, 2009.</ref> Important new sectors, such as [[Silicon Alley]], emerged in the [[Flatiron District]], cementing technology as a key component of Manhattan's economy.<ref>Gallagher, Fergal. [https://www.builtinnyc.com/2015/10/12/where-exactly-or-was-silicon-alley "The Mysterious Origins of the Term Silicon Alley Revealed"], Built in NYC, November 4, 2015. Accessed December 3, 2023. "The moniker 'Silicon Alley' first emerged in the mid-1990s as a way to group the wave of new media tech startups that were located around the Flatiron neighborhood of Manhattan near Madison Square Park. The physical alley refers to the corridor that connects Midtown to Lower Manhattan, running past the Flatiron building at Madison Square Park and Union Square towards Soho."</ref>

The [[1993 World Trade Center bombing]], described by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] as "something of a deadly dress rehearsal for 9/11", was a terrorist attack in which six people were killed when a van bomb filled with explosives was detonated in a parking lot below the [[List of tenants in 1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)|North Tower]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center complex]].<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/world-trade-center-bombing-1993 World Trade Center Bombing 1993], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]. Accessed December 3, 2023. "On February 26, 1993, at about 17 minutes past noon, a thunderous explosion rocked lower Manhattan. The epicenter was the parking garage beneath the World Trade Center, where a massive eruption carved out a nearly 100-foot crater several stories deep and several more high.... The attack turned out to be something of a deadly dress rehearsal for 9/11; with the help of Yousef's uncle Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, al Qaeda would later return to realize Yousef's nightmarish vision."</ref>

===21st century===
{{See also|September 11 attacks}}
[[File:UA Flight 175 hits WTC south tower 9-11 edit.jpeg|thumb|[[United Airlines Flight 175]] hits the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|South Tower]] on September 11, 2001.]]
On September 11, 2001, the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center]] were struck by hijacked aircraft and collapsed in the [[September 11 attacks]] launched by [[al-Qaeda]] terrorists. The collapse caused extensive damage to surrounding buildings and skyscrapers in Lower Manhattan, and resulted in the [[Casualties of the September 11 attacks|deaths of 2,606]] of the 17,400 who had been in the buildings when the planes hit, in addition to those on the planes.<ref>Jackson, Patrick. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57698668 "September 11 attacks: What happened on 9/11?"], ''[[BBC News]]'', August 3, 2021. Accessed December 3, 2023. "How many people died?... At the Twin Towers, 2,606 people died - then or later of injuries... When the first plane struck, an estimated 17,400 people were in the towers."</ref> Since 2001, most of [[Lower Manhattan]] has been restored, although [[World Trade Center rebuilding controversy|there has been controversy]] surrounding the rebuilding. In 2014, the new [[One World Trade Center]], at {{convert|1776|ft|m}} measured to the top of its spire, became the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere<ref>Boyette, Chris; and Hetter, Katia. [https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/one-world-trade-center-tallest-us-building/index.html "It's official: One World Trade Center to be tallest U.S. skyscraper"], ''[[CNN]]'', November 12, 2013. Accessed December 3, 2023. "One World Trade Center in New York will be the United States' tallest building when completed, beating out Chicago's Willis Tower, according to an announcement Tuesday by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.... The spire reaches from that parapet to the new building's height of 1,776 feet."</ref> and is the [[List of tallest buildings|world's seventh-tallest building (as of 2023)]].<ref>[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings Tallest Buildings], [[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]. Accessed December 3, 2023.</ref>

The [[Occupy Wall Street]] protests in [[Zuccotti Park]] in the [[Financial District (Manhattan)|Financial District]] of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the [[Occupy movement]] against [[social inequality|social]] and [[economic inequality]] worldwide.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2011/09/17/technology/occupy_wall_street/index.htm "Hundreds of protesters descend to 'Occupy Wall Street'"], ''[[CNN Money]]'', September 17, 2011. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref><ref>Greene, Brian. [https://www.usnews.com/news/washington-whispers/articles/2011/10/17/how-occupy-wall-street-started-and-spread "How 'Occupy Wall Street' Started and Spread"], ''[[U. S. News & World Report]]'', October 17, 2011. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref>

On October 29 and 30, 2012, [[Hurricane Sandy]] caused [[Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York|extensive destruction]] in the borough, ravaging portions of Lower Manhattan with record-high [[storm surge]] from New York Harbor,<ref name="NYC after Sandy">{{cite news|last1=Long |first1=Colleen |last2=Peltz |first2=Jennifer |name-list-style=amp |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/water-fire-and-darkness-nyc-after-superstorm |title=Water, fire and darkness: NYC after the superstorm |agency=Associated Press |date=October 30, 2012 |access-date=September 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227224124/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/water-fire-and-darkness-nyc-after-superstorm |archive-date=December 27, 2012 }}</ref> severe flooding, and high winds, causing [[power outage]]s for hundreds of thousands of city residents<ref>{{cite news|title=Gas Lines Pop Up Citywide As Relief Efforts Continue |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/171753/gas-lines-pop-up-citywide-as-relief-efforts-continue |publisher=NY1 |date=November 3, 2012 |access-date=November 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104192737/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/171753/gas-lines-pop-up-citywide-as-relief-efforts-continue |archive-date=November 4, 2012 }}</ref> and leading to [[gasoline]] shortages<ref>{{cite news|title=Free Gas Draws Crowds In New York City; Gas Rationing Starts In New Jersey|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/11/03/164234992/gas-rationing-ordered-in-new-jersey |publisher=NPR |date=November 3, 2012|access-date=November 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105092300/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/11/03/164234992/gas-rationing-ordered-in-new-jersey|archive-date=November 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and disruption of [[mass transit]] systems.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tracking Storm Sandy Recovery|url=http://live.reuters.com/Event/Tracking_Storm_Sandy/54277687 |work=Reuters|date=October 30, 2012|access-date=October 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030061036/http://live.reuters.com/Event/Tracking_Storm_Sandy/54277687|archive-date=October 30, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bhasin|first=Kim|title=MTA: In 108 Years, The NYC Subway System Has Never Faced A Disaster As Devastating As This|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-sandy-mta-subway-2012-10|website=Business Insider|date=October 30, 2012|access-date=September 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024031640/http://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-sandy-mta-subway-2012-10 |archive-date=October 24, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Sandy forces mass transit closure, evacuations |url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/19933026/mta-subways-ready-for-hurricane-sandy |publisher=MyFoxNY |date=November 12, 2012 |access-date=September 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029094330/http://www.myfoxny.com/story/19933026/mta-subways-ready-for-hurricane-sandy |archive-date=October 29, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{youTube|mhJrrGNvcFk|Raw: Sandy Leaves NYC Subways Flooded}}</ref> The storm and its profound impacts have prompted discussion of constructing [[seawall]]s and other [[coastal management|coastal barriers]] around the [[shoreline]]s of the borough and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 15, 2012 |url=http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1 |title=Adaptation: Political support for a sea wall in New York Harbor begins to form|author=Robert S. Eshelman|publisher=E&E Publishing|access-date=December 2, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205101452/http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1|archive-date=February 5, 2013}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of New York City}}
[[File:Manhattan by Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|A satellite image of Manhattan, bounded by the [[Hudson River]] to the west, the [[Harlem River]] to the north, the [[East River]] to the east, and [[New York Harbor]] to the south, with rectangular [[Central Park]] prominently visible. [[Roosevelt Island]], in the East River, belongs to Manhattan.]]

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], New York County has a total area of {{convert|33.6|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|22.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|10.8|sqmi}} (32%) is water.<ref name="CensusArea" /> The northern segment of Upper Manhattan represents a geographic [[Salient (geography)|panhandle]]. Manhattan Island is {{convert|22.7|sqmi|km2}} in area, {{convert|13.4|mi|km}} long and {{convert|2.3|mi|km}} wide, at its widest point, near [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]].<ref name=Passikoff>Passikoff, Ben. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kmKCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT61 ''The Writing on the Wall: Rediscovering New York City's "Ghost Signs"''], p. 61. [[Simon and Schuster]], 2017. {{ISBN|9781510702950}}. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Manhattan is 22.7 square miles of land, measuring 2.3 miles wide at 14th Street and 13.4 miles long."</ref><ref>[https://www.nyctourism.com/visitor-info/ Visitor Information], [[New York City Tourism + Conventions]]. Accessed February 24, 2025. "Manhattan Island is roughly 13.4 miles (21.6km) long and about 2.3 miles (3.7km) across at its widest point."</ref>

The borough consists primarily of Manhattan Island, along with the [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]] neighborhood and several small islands, including [[Randalls and Wards Islands|Randalls Island and Wards Island]] and [[Roosevelt Island]] in the East River; and [[Governors Island]] and [[Liberty Island]] to the south in [[New York Harbor]].<ref name=Islands>[http://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html New York City Administrative Code Section 2-202 Division into boroughs and boundaries thereof&nbsp;– Division Into Boroughs And Boundaries Thereof.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013839/https://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html |date=January 4, 2018 }}, Justia. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The borough of Manhattan shall consist of the territory known as New York county, which shall contain all that part of the city and state, including that portion of land commonly known as Marble Hill and included within the county of New York and borough of Manhattan for all purposes pursuant to chapter nine hundred thirty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-four and further including the islands called Manhattan Island, Governor's Island, Bedloe's Island, Ellis Island, Franklin D. Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island and Oyster Island..."</ref>

===Manhattan Island===
The Island is about {{convert|13.4|mi|km}} from north to south, and at its widest, {{convert|2.3|mi|km}}.<ref name=Passikoff/> Manhattan Island is loosely divided into Downtown ([[Lower Manhattan]]), Midtown ([[Midtown Manhattan]]), and Uptown ([[Upper Manhattan]]), with [[Fifth Avenue]] dividing Manhattan lengthwise into its [[East Side (Manhattan)|East Side]] and [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rough Guide to New York City|page=v|author1=Martin Dunford|author2=Jack Holland |year=2002|publisher=Rough Guides}}</ref> Manhattan Island is bounded by the [[Hudson River]] to the west and the [[East River]] to the east. To the north, the [[Harlem River]] divides Manhattan Island from [[the Bronx]] and the mainland United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=Over and Back: The History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor|author=Brian J. Cudahy |publisher=Fordham University Press|year=1990|page=25|isbn=978-0-8232-1245-3}}</ref>

Early in the 19th century, [[land reclamation]] was used to expand Lower Manhattan from the natural Hudson shoreline at [[Greenwich Street]] to [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Over and Back: The History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor|author=Brian J. Cudahy |publisher=Fordham University Press|year=1990|page=25|isbn=978-0-8232-1245-3}}</ref> When [[construction of the World Trade Center|building the World Trade Center]] in 1968, {{convert|1.2|e6cuyd|m3}} of material excavated from the site<ref>{{cite book|author=Gillespie, Angus K. |year=1999 |title=Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill/page/71 71] |url=https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7838-9785-1}}</ref> was used to expand the Manhattan [[shoreline]] across West Street, creating [[Battery Park City]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/realestate/battery-park-city-a-resort-like-community-built-on-landfill.html|work=The New York Times |title=Battery Park City: A Resort-Like Community Built on Landfill |author=Aileen Jacobson|date=August 15, 2018}}</ref> Constructed on piers at a cost of $260&nbsp;million, [[Little Island at Pier 55|Little Island]] opened on the Hudson River in May 2021, connected to the western termini of [[13th Street (Manhattan)|13th]] and [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Streets]] by [[footbridge]]s.<ref>{{cite news |author=Michael Kimmelman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/arts/little-island-barry-diller.html |url-access=limited |access-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/arts/little-island-barry-diller.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |title=A New $260 Million Park Floats on the Hudson. It's a Charmer.|quote=Little Island, developed by Barry Diller, with an amphitheater and dramatic views, opens on Hudson River Park. Opponents battled it for years. |newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 20, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Marble Hill===
{{main|Marble Hill, Manhattan}}
Marble Hill was part of the northern tip of Manhattan Island, but the [[Harlem River Ship Canal]], dug in 1895 to better connect the [[Harlem River|Harlem]] and [[Hudson River|Hudson]] rivers, separated it from the remainder of Manhattan.<ref name="canal">[[Christopher Gray (architectural historian)|Gray, Christopher]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html "Streetscapes: Spuyten Duyvil Swing Bridge; Restoring a Link In the City's Lifeline"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116001257/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html |date=January 16, 2020 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 6, 1988. Accessed December 26, 2023. "At some point, the wooden bridge was replaced by an iron one, certainly by 1895 when the Spuyten Duyvil Creek and the Harlem River were widened and joined as the Harlem River Ship Canal, linking the East and Hudson Rivers."</ref> Before World War I, the section of the original Harlem River channel separating Marble Hill from the Bronx was filled in, and Marble Hill became part of the mainland.<ref>Jackson, Nancy Beth. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; Tiny Slice of Manhattan on the Mainland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328073616/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 26, 2003. Accessed December 26, 2023. "The building of the Harlem River Ship Canal turned the hill into an island in 1895, but when Spuyten Duyvel Creek on the west was filled in before World War I, the 51 acres became firmly attached to the mainland and the Bronx."</ref> After a May 1984 court ruling that Marble Hill was simultaneously part of the Borough of Manhattan (not the Borough of the Bronx) and part of Bronx County (not New York County),<ref>Chambers, Marcia. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/16/nyregion/judge-s-ruling-revives-dispute-on-marble-hill.html "Judge's Ruling Revives Dispute On Marble Hill"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 16, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "After a painstaking legal and historical analysis, Justice Peter J. McQuillan said rather, that Marble Hill lies in both. 'The conclusion is irresistible,' he said in a 36-page opinion, that Marble Hill is situated in the Borough of Manhattan, but is not part of New York County. By statute, he said, 'it is in Bronx County.' Contrary to what the Legislature may have thought when it redefined boundary lines for Manhattan in 1938 and again in 1940, it 'dealt only with boroughs and not counties,' the judge wrote. In short, the boundaries of New York County and Manhattan are not the same, he said."</ref> the matter was definitively settled later that year when the [[New York Legislature]] overwhelmingly passed legislation declaring the neighborhood part of both New York County and the Borough of Manhattan.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/27/nyregion/bill-would-clarify-marble-hill-s-status.html "Bill Would Clarify Marble Hill's Status"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 27, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Assembly voted tonight to move the Marble Hill section of the Borough of Manhattan into New York County, thereby correcting a 46-year old mistake.... A dispute over Marble Hill followed, but the matter was mostly put to rest in 1938, when the boundaries of the Borough of Manhattan were shifted to include Marble Hill.... Tonight the Assembly voted 140 to 4 and joined the Senate in moving to change that, and the measure now goes to the Governor. It would be retroactive to Jan. 1, 1938."</ref><ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/appellate-division-first-department/2007/2007-09955.html ''Montesano v New York City Hous. Auth.''], Justia, as corrected through March 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2024. "Less than 10 weeks after the Boyd decision, the Legislature eliminated any doubt that the Borough of Manhattan and New York County were conterminous in this respect by specifically including Marble Hill in both the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, 'for all purposes,' retroactive to 1938 (L 1984, ch 939). The official map of the City of New York now shows that Marble Hill is located in New York County."</ref>

===Smaller islands===
{{see also|List of smaller islands in New York City}}
[[File:Liberty Island photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|alt=A tall green statue on an island in a harbor.|[[Liberty Island]], an [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of Manhattan, [[New York City]], and the [[New York (state)|state of New York]], that is surrounded by [[New Jersey]] waters]]
Within [[New York Harbor]], there are three smaller islands:
* [[Ellis Island]], shared with [[New Jersey]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2013-11-18/maphead-ellis-island|title=You Think You Know Which State Owns Ellis Island, but You're Probably Wrong|author=Ken Jennings|date=November 18, 2013|journal=Condé Nast Traveler}}</ref>
* [[Governors Island]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230426-governors-island-the-uninhabited-isle-that-birthed-nyc|work=BBC Travel|title=Governors Island: The uninhabited isle that birthed NYC|author=Amy Thomas|date=April 27, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Liberty Island]] (administered by the [[National Park Service]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/get-the-facts.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801062555/http://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/get-the-facts.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 1, 2009|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=Statue of Liberty}}</ref>

Other smaller islands, in the [[East River]], include (from north to south):
* [[Randalls and Wards Islands]], joined by landfill
* [[Mill Rock]]
* [[Roosevelt Island]], which has a population of 14,000, extends for {{Convert|2|mi}}, and was renamed in 1973 from Welfare Island to honor President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].<ref>[https://www.tclf.org/landscapes/roosevelt-island Roosevelt Island], [[The Cultural Landscape Foundation]]. Accessed December 26, 2023. "Called Blackwell Island beginning in the 18th century, this 147-acre, two-mile-long island in the East River was sold to the City of New York in 1828....In 1973 the island was renamed for Franklin D. Roosevelt, during which time Louis Kahn was commissioned to design a memorial park honoring Roosevelt's four freedoms speech, which was not completed until 2012. Today, the island is home to more than 14,000 residents."</ref>
* [[U Thant Island]] (legally Belmont Island)

===Geology===
{{main|Geology of Manhattan}}
The [[bedrock]] underlying much of Manhattan consists of three rock formations: ''Inwood [[marble]]'', ''Fordham [[gneiss]]'', and ''Manhattan [[schist]]'', and is well suited for the foundations of Manhattan's [[skyscrapers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913|page=24 |author1=Sarah Bradford Landau|author2=Carl W. Condit|year=1996 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> It is part of the [[Manhattan Prong]] physiographic region.

===Adjacent counties===
{{Geographic location|state=expanded
|Centre=New York County
|North=[[The Bronx|Bronx County<br>(The Bronx)]]
|Northeast=[[The Bronx|Bronx County<br>(The Bronx)]]
|East=[[Queens|Queens County<br>(Queens)]]
|Southeast=[[Brooklyn|Kings County<br>(Brooklyn)]]
|South=[[Brooklyn|Kings County<br>(Brooklyn)]]
|Southwest=[[Staten Island|Richmond County<br>(Staten Island)]]
|West=[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County,<br>New Jersey]]
|Northwest=[[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County,<br>New Jersey]]
}}

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of New York City}}
[[File:Southwest corner of Central Park, looking east, NYC.jpg|thumb|[[Central Park]] in autumn]]

Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], New York City features both a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|last1=Peel|first1=M.C.|last2=Finlayson|first2=B.L.|publisher=The University of Melbourne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|archive-date=January 13, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=June 27, 2020}}</ref> It is the northernmost major city on the North American continent with a humid subtropical climate. The city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually.<ref name="noaasun"/>

Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore temper the moderating effects of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachians]] keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is {{convert|32.6|°F|1}}.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Temperatures usually drop to {{convert|10|°F|0}} several times per winter,<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /><ref name="NYC climate">{{cite web|title=The Climate of New York |publisher=New York State Climate Office |url=https://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |access-date=July 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 }}</ref> and reach {{convert|60|°F}} several days in the coldest winter month.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|76.5|°F|1}} in July.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> 

Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the [[urban heat island]] phenomenon, which causes heat absorbed during the day to be radiated back at night, raising temperatures by as much as {{convert|7|F-change|0|abbr=on}} when winds are slow.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html "Keeping New York City 'Cool' Is The Job Of NASA's 'Heat Seekers'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001042214/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html |date=October 1, 2019 }}, [[NASA]], January 30, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The urban heat island occurrence is particularly pronounced during summer heat waves and at night when wind speeds are low and sea breezes are light. During these times, New York City's air temperatures can rise {{convert|7.2|F-change|abbr=on}} higher than in surrounding areas."</ref> Daytime temperatures exceed {{convert|90|°F|0}} on average of 17 days each summer<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> and in some years exceed {{convert|100|°F|0}}. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|-15|°F|0}}, recorded on February 9, 1934, up to {{convert|106|°F|0}} on July 9, 1936.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> Manhattan lies in USDA [[Hardiness zone|plant hardiness zone]] 7b (5 to 10&nbsp;°F/-15 to -12.2&nbsp;°C).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map {{!}} USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov}}</ref>

Manhattan receives {{convert|49.9|in|sigfig=3}} of [[precipitation]] annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been {{convert|25.8|in|cm|0}}. This varies considerably from year to year.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" />

{{Weather box
|name = New York City weatherbox
|location = New York ([[Belvedere Castle]], [[Central Park]]), 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1869–present{{efn|Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/centralpark/highlights/11956 Belvedere Castle], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Accessed January 5, 2024. "This changed in 1919 when the United States Weather Bureau moved the Central Park Observatory to the castle. Until that time, weather measurements were taken from the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street where Dr. Daniel Draper founded a meteorological observatory in 1869. The Weather Bureau took over the operation in 1911, and moved it here eight years later, enclosing the castle and altering the turret's shape to accommodate their scientific instruments. "</ref>}}
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 72
|Feb record high F = 78
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 106
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 106
<!-- To calculate avg record high, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, max temp as variable, and daily maximum under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record high F = 60.4
|Feb avg record high F = 60.7
|Mar avg record high F = 70.3
|Apr avg record high F = 82.9
|May avg record high F = 88.5
|Jun avg record high F = 92.1
|Jul avg record high F = 95.7
|Aug avg record high F = 93.4
|Sep avg record high F = 89.0
|Oct avg record high F = 79.7
|Nov avg record high F = 70.7
|Dec avg record high F = 62.9
|year avg record high F = 97.0
|Jan high F = 39.5
|Feb high F = 42.2
|Mar high F = 49.9
|Apr high F = 61.8
|May high F = 71.4
|Jun high F = 79.7
|Jul high F = 84.9
|Aug high F = 83.3
|Sep high F = 76.2
|Oct high F = 64.5
|Nov high F = 54.0
|Dec high F = 44.3
|year high F = 62.6
|Jan mean F = 33.7
|Feb mean F = 35.9
|Mar mean F = 42.8
|Apr mean F = 53.7
|May mean F = 63.2
|Jun mean F = 72.0
|Jul mean F = 77.5
|Aug mean F = 76.1
|Sep mean F = 69.2
|Oct mean F = 57.9
|Nov mean F = 48.0
|Dec mean F = 39.1
|year mean F = 55.8
|Jan low F = 27.9
|Feb low F = 29.5
|Mar low F = 35.8
|Apr low F = 45.5
|May low F = 55.0
|Jun low F = 64.4
|Jul low F = 70.1
|Aug low F = 68.9
|Sep low F = 62.3
|Oct low F = 51.4
|Nov low F = 42.0
|Dec low F = 33.8
|year low F = 48.9
<!-- To calculate avg record low, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, min as variable, and daily minium under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record low F =  9.8
|Feb avg record low F = 12.7
|Mar avg record low F = 19.7
|Apr avg record low F = 32.8
|May avg record low F = 43.9
|Jun avg record low F = 52.7
|Jul avg record low F = 61.8
|Aug avg record low F = 60.3
|Sep avg record low F = 50.2
|Oct avg record low F = 38.4
|Nov avg record low F = 27.7
|Dec avg record low F = 18.0
|year avg record low F = 7.7
|Jan record low F = −6
|Feb record low F = −15
|Mar record low F = 3
|Apr record low F = 12
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 44
|Jul record low F = 52
|Aug record low F = 50
|Sep record low F = 39
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 5
|Dec record low F = −13
|year record low F = -15
|precipitation color= green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.64
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.29
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.09
|May precipitation inch = 3.96
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.54
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.60
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.56
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.31
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.38
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.58
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.38
|year precipitation inch = 49.52

|Jan snow inch = 8.8
|Feb snow inch = 10.1
|Mar snow inch = 5.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.5
|Dec snow inch = 4.9
|year snow inch = 29.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.8
|Feb precipitation days = 10.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 11.5
|Jun precipitation days = 11.2
|Jul precipitation days = 10.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.0
|Sep precipitation days = 8.8
|Oct precipitation days = 9.5
|Nov precipitation days = 9.2
|Dec precipitation days = 11.4
|year precipitation days = 125.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.7
|Feb snow days = 3.2
|Mar snow days = 2.0
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 2.1
|year snow days = 11.4
|humidity color = green
|Jan humidity = 61.5
|Feb humidity = 60.2
|Mar humidity = 58.5
|Apr humidity = 55.3
|May humidity = 62.7
|Jun humidity = 65.2
|Jul humidity = 64.2
|Aug humidity = 66.0
|Sep humidity = 67.8
|Oct humidity = 65.6
|Nov humidity = 64.6
|Dec humidity = 64.1
|year humidity= 63.0
|Jan sun = 162.7
|Feb sun = 163.1
|Mar sun = 212.5
|Apr sun = 225.6
|May sun = 256.6
|Jun sun = 257.3
|Jul sun = 268.2
|Aug sun = 268.2
|Sep sun = 219.3
|Oct sun = 211.2
|Nov sun = 151.0
|Dec sun = 139.0
|year sun =
|Jan percentsun = 54
|Feb percentsun = 55
|Mar percentsun = 57
|Apr percentsun = 57
|May percentsun = 57
|Jun percentsun = 57
|Jul percentsun = 59
|Aug percentsun = 63
|Sep percentsun = 59
|Oct percentsun = 61
|Nov percentsun = 51
|Dec percentsun = 48
|year percentsun = 57
|source 1= [[NOAA]]<ref name = "New York City Weatherbox NOAA" >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = May 4, 2021 |archive-date = May 27, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150527215410/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504224841/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |archive-date=May 4, 2021 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020 |access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref><ref name = noaasun>{{cite web|title=New York Central Park, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00305801.TXT|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525073803/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00305801.TXT|archive-date=2017-05-25|url-status=dead|access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref>
|source 2= Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas NYC">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/new-york-usa/new-york-climate |title=New York, New York, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=July 4, 2019 }}</ref>
}}

===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|Neighborhoods in New York City|List of Manhattan neighborhoods}}
[[File:Past Vs. Present.png|thumb|upright|The [[Empire State Building]] in the foreground, looking south from the top of [[Rockefeller Center]] with [[One World Trade Center]] in the background]]

Manhattan's many neighborhoods are not named according to any particular convention, nor do they have official boundaries. Some are geographical (the [[Upper East Side]]), or ethnically descriptive ([[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]]). Others are [[acronyms]], such as [[TriBeCa]] (for "TRIangle BElow CAnal Street") or [[SoHo]] ("SOuth of HOuston"), [[NoLIta, Manhattan|NoLIta]] ("NOrth of Little ITAly"), and [[NoMad]] ("NOrth of MADison Square Park").<ref>Senft, Bret. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-tribeca-families-are-the-catalyst-for-change.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/TriBeCa; Families Are the Catalyst for Change"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328040004/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-tribeca-families-are-the-catalyst-for-change.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 26, 1993. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Families have overtaken commerce as the catalyst for change in this TRIangle BElow CAnal Street (although the only triangle here is its heart: Hudson Street meeting West Broadway at Chambers Street, with Canal its north side) ... Artists began seeking refuge from fashionable SoHo (SOuth of HOuston) as early as the mid-70s."</ref><ref>Cohen, Joyce. [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/17/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-nolita-a-slice-of-little-italy-moving-upscale.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Nolita; A Slice of Little Italy Moving Upscale"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402153955/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/17/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-nolita-a-slice-of-little-italy-moving-upscale.html |date=April 2, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 17, 1998. Accessed November 30, 2023. "No one is quite certain what to call this part of town. Nolita—north of Little Italy, that is—certainly pinpoints it geographically. The not-quite-acronym was apparently coined several years ago by real-estate brokers seeking to give the area at least a little cachet."</ref><ref>Louie, Elaine. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/05/garden/the-trendy-discover-nomad-land-and-move-in.html "The Trendy Discover NoMad Land, and Move In"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031542/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/05/garden/the-trendy-discover-nomad-land-and-move-in.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 5, 1999. Accessed November 30, 2023.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Feirstein |first = Sanna |title = Naming New York: Manhattan Places & How They Got Their Names |publisher = [[New York University Press]] |year = 2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Is4VCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 | isbn = 978-0-8147-2712-6|page=103}}</ref><ref>Sternbergh, Adam. [https://nymag.com/realestate/neighborhoods/2010/65365/ "Soho. Nolita. Dumbo. NoMad? Branding the last unnamed neighborhood in Manhattan."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325031050/http://nymag.com/realestate/neighborhoods/2010/65365/ |date=March 25, 2015 }}, ''[[New York (magazine)]]'', April 11, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> [[Harlem]] is a name from the Dutch colonial era after [[Haarlem]], a city in the Netherlands.<ref>Pitts, David. [http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2005/06/20050606090446pssnikwad0.6376154.html "U.S. Postage Stamp Honors Harlem's Langston Hughes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045942/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2005/06/20050606090446pssnikwad0.6376154.html |date=February 2, 2017 }}, [[United States Department of State]]. Accessed November 20, 2016. "Harlem, or Nieuw Haarlem, as it was originally named, was established by the Dutch in 1658 after they took control from Native Americans. They named it after Haarlem, a city in the Netherlands."</ref> Some have simple [[folkloric]] names, such as [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]], alongside their more official but lesser used title (in this case, Clinton).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/04/22/helluva-town-origins-new-york-hellish-place-names|publisher=New York Public Library|title=A Helluva Town: The Origins of New York's Hellish Place Names|author=Carmen Nigro|date=April 22, 2011}}</ref>

Some neighborhoods, such as [[SoHo]], which is mixed use, are known for [[luxury goods|upscale shopping]] as well as residential use.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2021/07/27/the-shopping-district-that-banned-retail-sohos-incoherent-zoning/|work=The Real Deal|title=The shopping district that banned retail: Soho's incoherent zoning|author=Joe Lovinger|date=July 27, 2021}}</ref> Others, such as [[Greenwich Village]], the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]], [[Alphabet City, Manhattan|Alphabet City]] and the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]], have long been associated with the [[Bohemianism|Bohemian]] subculture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-greenwich-village|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=Bohemia in Greenwich Village}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cooperatornews.com/article/a-look-at-manhattans-east-village|work=Cooperator News|title=A Look at Manhattan's East Village|author=Hannah Fons|date=August 2009}}</ref><ref>[[Frank Bruni|Bruni, Frank]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/07/nyregion/the-grounds-he-stamped-the-new-york-of-ginsberg.html "The Grounds He Stamped: The New York Of Ginsberg"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070541/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/07/nyregion/the-grounds-he-stamped-the-new-york-of-ginsberg.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 7, 1997. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Indeed, for all the worldwide attention that Mr. Ginsberg received, he was always a creature and icon principally of downtown Manhattan, his world view forged in its crucible of political and sexual passions, his eccentricities nurtured by those of its peculiar demimonde, his individual myth entwined with that of the bohemian East Village in which he made his home. ''He embodied the East Village and the Lower East Side'', Bill Morgan, a friend and Mr. Ginsberg's archivist, said yesterday."</ref> [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]] is one of several Manhattan neighborhoods with large [[LGBT culture in New York City|gay populations]] and has become a center of both the international [[visual art|art industry]] and New York's nightlife.<ref>Dunlap, David W. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/13/realestate/the-new-chelsea-s-many-faces.html "The New Chelsea's Many Faces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031044/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/13/realestate/the-new-chelsea-s-many-faces.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 13, 1994. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Gay Chelsea's role has solidified with the arrival of A Different Light bookstore, a cultural cornerstone that had been housed for a decade in an {{convert|800|sqft|m2|0|adj=on}} nook at 548 Hudson Street, near Perry Street. It now takes up more than {{convert|5000|sqft|m2|-2}} at 151 West 19th Street and its migration seems to embody a northward shift of gay life from Greenwich Village... Because of Chelsea's reputation, Mr. Garmendia said, single women were not likely to move in. But single men did. "The whole neighborhood became gay during the 70's", he said."</ref> [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]] has the highest concentration of people of [[Chinese Americans in New York City|Chinese]] descent outside of [[Asia]].<ref>Grimes, Christopher. [https://archive.today/20120729000922/http://search.ft.com/nonFtArticle?id=030414001065 "World News: New York's Chinatown starts to feel the pinch over 'the bug'"], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 14, 2003. Accessed May 19, 2007. "New York's Chinatown is the site of the largest concentration of Chinese people in the western hemisphere."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=1195 |title=Chinatown: A World of Dining, Shopping, and History |access-date=April 27, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709160929/http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=1195 |archive-date=July 9, 2006 }}, [[NYC & Company]]. Accessed June 30, 2009. "No visit to New York City is complete without exploring the sights, cuisines, history, and shops of the biggest Chinatown in the United States. The largest concentration of Chinese people—150,000—in the Western Hemisphere are in a two-square-mile area in downtown Manhattan that's loosely bounded by Lafayette, Worth, and Grand streets and East Broadway."</ref> 

[[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatown]] is roughly centered on 32nd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.<ref name=KoreatownExpanding>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/koreatown-discerning-diners-article-1.2195196|title=Koreatown in NYC is now being taken more seriously as a dining destination|author=Gina Pace|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=April 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011113012/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/koreatown-discerning-diners-article-1.2195196|archive-date=October 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rose Hill, Manhattan|Rose Hill]] features a growing number of Indian restaurants and spice shops along a stretch of [[Lexington Avenue]] between 25th and 30th Streets which has become known as ''[[Curry Hill]]''.<ref>Ensminger, Kris. [http://events.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/nyregion/thecity/12rest.html  "More Than Tandoori"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901115631/http://events.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/nyregion/thecity/12rest.html  |date=September 1, 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 20, 2016. "Curry Hill, centered on Lexington Avenue and 28th Street, is named for its many Indian restaurants and spice shops."</ref> [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in [[Uptown Manhattan]] is home to the largest [[Dominican Americans#New York City|Dominican immigrant]] community in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lbi.org/exhibitions/virtual-refuge-heights/changing-neighborhood/ |title=A Changing Neighborhood |publisher=Leo Baeck Institute |access-date=November 22, 2022}}</ref> [[Harlem]], also in Upper Manhattan, is the historical epicenter of [[African American]] culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/new-african-american-identity-harlem-renaissance|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=A New African American Identity: The Harlem Renaissance|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture |publisher=Smithsonian}}</ref> Since 2010, a ''[[Little Australia]]'' has emerged and is growing in Nolita, Lower Manhattan.<ref name=LittleAustraliaNYC>{{cite web|url=https://karryon.com.au/lifestyle/travel-inspiration/crikey-welcome-to-little-australia-in-new-york-city/|title=G-day! Welcome to Little Australia in New York City|author=Shaun Busuttil|publisher=KarryOn|date=November 3, 2016|access-date=May 24, 2019|quote=In Little Australia, Australian-owned cafes are popping up all over the place (such as Two Hands), joining other Australian-owned businesses (such as nightclubs and art galleries) as part of a growing green and gold contingent in NYC. Indeed, walking in this neighbourhood, the odds of your hearing a fellow Aussie ordering a coffee or just kicking back and chatting are high – very high – so much so that if you're keen to meet other Aussies whilst taking your own bite out of the Big Apple, then this is the place to throw that Australian accent around like it's going out of fashion!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165204/https://karryon.com.au/lifestyle/travel-inspiration/crikey-welcome-to-little-australia-in-new-york-city/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Manhattan has two central business districts, the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] at the southern tip of the island, and [[Midtown Manhattan]]. The term ''uptown'' also refers to the northern part of Manhattan above [[72nd Street (Manhattan)|72nd Street]] and ''downtown'' to the southern portion below [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]],<ref name="NYCBasics">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=365 |title=NYC Basics |access-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011014616/http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=365 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}, [[NYC & Company]]. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Downtown (below 14th Street) contains Greenwich Village, SoHo, TriBeCa, and the Wall Street financial district."</ref> with ''Midtown'' covering the area in between, though definitions can be fluid. [[Fifth Avenue]] roughly bisects Manhattan Island and acts as the demarcation line for east/west designations.<ref name="NYCBasics"/><ref>Grynbaum, Michael C. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/nyregion/23fifth.html "Along 5th Ave. in Manhattan, a Dispute Over Where East and West Begin"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 22, 2011. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Fifth Avenue, the glittering central spine of Manhattan, is the undisputed divider of the city's famous street grid: east of Fifth is East, and west of Fifth is West. Been that way since 1838."</ref> South of [[Waverly Place]], Fifth Avenue terminates and Broadway becomes the east/west demarcation line.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} In Manhattan, ''uptown'' means north and ''downtown'' means south.<ref name=ManhattanUptownDowntown>{{cite web|url=https://newdevrev.com/uptown-vs-downtown-whats-the-difference/|title=Uptown vs. Downtown? What's the difference?|author=Emily Injeian|date=August 12, 2022 |publisher=NewDevRev|access-date=September 10, 2023|quote=Keep in mind, uptown and downtown are not just neighborhood designations, they are also directions. If you hear someone say they are moving uptown, that could mean they are moving anywhere north of where they currently live. Likewise with downtown.}}</ref> This usage differs from that of most American cities, where ''downtown'' refers to the central business district.

===Boroughscape===
{{Panorama
| image = 10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg
| height = 250
| caption = Ten-mile Manhattan [[skyline]] panorama from [[120th Street (Manhattan)|120th Street]] to [[The Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], taken February 21, 2018, from across the [[Hudson River]] in [[Weehawken, New Jersey]].
{{Flatlist|
# [[Riverside Church]]
# [[Time Warner Center]]
# [[220 Central Park South]]
# [[Central Park Tower]]
# [[One57]]
# [[432 Park Avenue]]
# [[53W53]]
# [[Chrysler Building]]
# [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]
# [[Conde Nast Building]]
# [[The New York Times Building]]
# [[Empire State Building]]
# [[Manhattan West]]
# a: [[55 Hudson Yards]], b: [[35 Hudson Yards]], c: [[10 Hudson Yards]], d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]
# [[56 Leonard Street]]
# [[8 Spruce Street]]
# [[Woolworth Building]]
# [[70 Pine Street]]
# [[30 Park Place]]
# [[40 Wall Street]]
# [[Three World Trade Center]]
# [[Four World Trade Center]]
# [[One World Trade Center]]}}
}}

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Manhattan}}
[[File:Broadway Crowds (5896264776) crop.jpg|thumb|[[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], Manhattan was the most densely populated [[municipality]] in the United States.|alt=Looking at crowds down Broadway]]
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], Manhattan's population had increased by 6.8% over the decade to 1,694,251, representing 19.2% of New York City's population of 8,804,190 and 8.4% of New York State's population of 20,201,249.<ref name=QuickFacts>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NY,newyorkcitynewyork,newyorkcountynewyork/PST045222 QuickFacts New York; New York city, New York; New York County, New York], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed April 5, 2025.</ref> The population density of New York County was {{Convert|70,450.8|PD/sqmi}} in 2022, the highest population density of any county in the United States and [[List of United States cities by population density#New York City boroughs|higher than the density of any individual U.S. city]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/popclock/embed.php?component=density Highest Density States, Counties and Cities (2023)], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 2, 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mann |first1=Camille |last2=Valera |first2=Stephanie |url=https://weather.com/travel/news/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4#/4 |title=World's Most Crowded Islands |publisher=The Weather Channel |access-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409061527/https://weather.com/travel/news/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4#/4 |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 1,585,873 people living in Manhattan, an increase of 3.2% from the 1,537,195 counted in the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]].<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/pgrhc.pdf#page=4 ''Results from the 2010 Census; Population Growth and Race / Hispanic Composition''], [[New York City Department of City Planning]]. Accessed December 27, 2023. "Population Growth in New York City and Boroughs, New York State, and the U.S. 2000 to 2010... Manhattan 1,537,195 19.2 1,585,873 19.4 48,678 3.2"</ref>

{{Historical populations|state=collapsed
|type= USA
|1656|1000
|1698|4937
|1712|5841
|1723|7248
|1731|8622
|1746|11717
|1756|13040
|1771|21863
|1786|23614
|1790|33131
|1800|60489
|1810|96373
|1820|123706
|1830|202589
|1840|312710
|1850|515547
|1860|813669
|1870|942292
|1880|1164674
|1890|1441216
|1900|1850093
|1910|2331542
|1920|2284103
|1930|1867312
|1940|1889924
|1950|1960101
|1960|1698281
|1970|1539233
|1980|1428285
|1990|1487536
|2000|1537195
|2010|1585873
|2020|1694251
|footnote='''Sources:'''<ref name=QuickFacts/><ref name=Census1790to1990/><ref name="ColonialPop">{{cite book |author=United States Census Bureau |year=1909 |title=A Century of Population Growth |chapter=Population in the Colonial and Continental Periods |chapter-url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/00165897ch01.pdf |page=11 |access-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804062114/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/00165897ch01.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|2024|1660664}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition
! [[2020 United States census|2020]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|website=Census.gov}}</ref>!! [[2010 United States census|2010]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/|archive-date=December 27, 1996|url-status=live}}</ref>!![[2000 United States census|2000]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://accounts.socialexplorer.com/login?context=socialexplorer&redirect=https://www.socialexplorer.com/a9676d974c/explore|title=Account Management - Social Explorer |website=accounts.socialexplorer.com}}</ref>!! [[1990 United States census|1990]]<ref name=Census1790to1990>Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. [https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2005/demo/POP-twps0076.pdf#page=82 ''Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States''], [[United States Census Bureau]], February 2005. Accessed December 27, 2023.</ref>!! [[1950 United States census|1950]]<ref name=Census1790to1990/> !! [[1900 United States census|1900]]<ref name=Census1790to1990/>
|-
| [[White American|White]]
|50.0%|| 57.4% || 54.3% || 58.3% || 79.4% || 97.8%
|-
|&nbsp;—Non-Hispanic
|46.8%|| 48% || 45.7% || 48.9% || n/a || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]]
|13.5%|| 15.6% || 17.3% || 22.0% || 19.6% || 2.0%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|23.8%|| 25.4% || 27.1% || 26.0% || n/a || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
|13.1%|| 11.3% || 9.4% || 7.4% || 0.8% || 0.3%
|}

===Religion===
In 2010, the largest organized religious group in Manhattan was the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archdiocese of New York]], with 323,325 Catholics worshiping at 109 parishes, followed by 64,000 [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] Jews with 77 congregations, an estimated 42,545 [[Islam in the United States|Muslims]] with 21 congregations, 42,502 [[Nondenominational Christianity|non-denominational]] adherents with 54 congregations, 26,178 [[Episcopal Church (United States)|TEC]] Episcopalians with 46 congregations, 25,048 [[American Baptist Churches USA|ABC-USA]] Baptists with 41 congregations, 24,536 [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] Jews with 10 congregations, 23,982 [[Mahayana]] Buddhists with 35 congregations, 10,503 [[Presbyterian Church in the United States of America|PC-USA]] Presbyterians with 30 congregations, and 10,268 [[Reformed Church in America|RCA]] Presbyterians with 10 congregations. Altogether, 44.0% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.<ref>{{cite web | title = County Membership Report New York County (New York) | url = http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=36061&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh | website = The [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] | date = 2010 | access-date = January 2, 2020 | archive-date = August 3, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160418/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=36061&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2014, Manhattan had 703 religious organizations, the seventeenth most out of all US counties.<ref>{{cite web | title = Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014 | url = https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 | website = PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development | date = December 8, 2017 | access-date = December 30, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191231001016/https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 | archive-date = December 31, 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref> There is a large [[Buddhist temple]] in Manhattan located at the foot of the [[Manhattan Bridge]] in [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahayana Buddhist Temple |url=https://www.nycgo.com/attractions/mahayana-buddhist-temple |access-date=May 3, 2023 |website=NYCgo.com |publisher=[[NYC & Company]] }}</ref>

===Languages===
As of 2015, 60.0% (927,650) of Manhattan residents, aged five and older, spoke only English at home, while 22.63% (350,112) spoke Spanish, 5.37% (83,013) Chinese, 2.21% (34,246) French, 0.85% (13,138) Korean, 0.72% (11,135) Russian, and 0.70% (10,766) Japanese. In total, 40.0% of Manhattan's population, aged five and older, spoke a language other than English at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/acs/top_lang_2015pums5yr_nyc.pdf|title=Top Languages Spoken at Home by Ability, NYC and Boros 2015|website=1.nyc.gov|access-date=January 5, 2024}}</ref>

==<span class="anchor" id="Architecture"></span><span class="anchor" id="Landmarks"></span>Landmarks and architecture==
{{Main|Architecture of New York City}}
{{see also|List of skyscrapers in New York City}}
Points of interest on Manhattan Island include the [[American Museum of Natural History]]; the [[The Battery (Manhattan)|Battery]]; [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] and the [[Theater District, Manhattan|Theater District]]; [[Bryant Park]]; [[Central Park]], [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]]; the [[Chrysler Building]]; [[The Cloisters]]; [[Columbia University]]; [[Curry Hill]]; the [[Empire State Building]]; [[Flatiron Building]]; the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] (including the [[New York Stock Exchange Building]]; [[Wall Street]]; and the [[South Street Seaport]]); [[Grand Central Terminal]]; [[Greenwich Village]] (including [[New York University]]; [[Washington Square Arch]]; and [[Stonewall Inn]]); [[Harlem]] and [[Spanish Harlem]]; the [[High Line]]; [[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatown]]; [[Lincoln Center]]; [[Little Australia, Manhattan|Little Australia]]; [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]]; [[Madison Square Garden]]; [[Fifth Avenue#Museum Mile|Museum Mile on Fifth Avenue]] (including the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]); [[New York Penn Station]], [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]]; [[Rockefeller Center]] (including [[Radio City Music Hall]]); [[Times Square]]; and the [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|World Trade Center]] (including the [[National September 11 Museum]] and [[One World Trade Center]]).

There are also numerous iconic [[Bridges and tunnels in New York City|bridges]] across rivers that connect to Manhattan Island, as well as an emerging number of [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|supertall skyscrapers]]. The [[Statue of Liberty]] rests on [[Liberty Island]], an [[exclave]] of Manhattan, and part of [[Ellis Island]] is also an exclave of Manhattan. The borough has many [[Efficient energy use|energy-efficient]] office buildings, such as the [[Hearst Tower (New York City)|Hearst Tower]], the rebuilt [[7 World Trade Center]],<ref name="greenbuilding">{{Cite news|last=Pogrebin|first=Robin|date=April 16, 2006|title=7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers |work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/arts/design/7-world-trade-center-and-hearst-building-new-yorks-test-cases.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and the [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]—the first skyscraper designed to attain a Platinum [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] Certification.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Bank of America and The Durst Organization Break Ground On the Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park in New York City |publisher=Bank of America Corporation |date=August 2, 2004 |url=http://newsroom.bankofamerica.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=4405 |access-date=October 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023184724/http://newsroom.bankofamerica.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=4405| archive-date= October 23, 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Richard A. |last2=Hartley |first2=Alice |title="What is Free?": How Sustainable Architecture Act and Interacts Differently |publisher=United Nations |date=June 6, 2005 |url=https://www.un.org/docs/ecosoc/meetings/2005/docs/Cook.pdf |access-date=October 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128051308/http://www.un.org/docs/ecosoc/meetings/2005/docs/Cook.pdf |archive-date=November 28, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Park and 57th street Manhattan New York photo D Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|upright|Many tall buildings have [[setback (architecture)|setback]]s on their facade due to the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]], exemplified at [[Park Avenue]] and [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Street]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]].]]

The [[skyscraper]], which has shaped Manhattan's distinctive [[skyline]], has been closely associated with New York City's identity since the end of the 19th century.<ref>[https://old.skyscraper.org/skyline/skyline_1900-1916.html Skyline, 1900 - 1916], [[Skyscraper Museum]]. Accessed December 3, 2023. "The majority of high-rise construction began after 1890, when the World Building topped out at 309 feet, and accelerated in the years after 1893 with a spate of new towers."</ref> Structures such as the [[Equitable Building (Manhattan)|Equitable Building]] of 1915, which rises vertically forty stories from the sidewalk, prompted the passage of the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]], requiring new buildings to contain [[setback (architecture)|setback]]s withdrawing progressively at a defined angle from the street as they rose, in order to preserve a view of the sky at street level.<ref name="nyt20160726">{{Cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=July 25, 2016 |title=Zoning Arrived 100 Years Ago. It Changed New York City Forever |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/nyregion/new-yorks-first-zoning-resolution-which-brought-order-to-a-chaotic-building-boom-turns-100.html|access-date=May 13, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Manhattan's skyline includes several buildings that are symbolic of New York, in particular the [[Chrysler Building]]<ref name="Willis Friedman">{{cite book |title=Building the Empire State |last1=Willis |first1=Carol |last2=Friedman |first2=Donald |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-393-73030-2 }}</ref>{{rp|14}} and the [[Empire State Building]], which sees about 4 million visitors a year.<ref name="nyt20111225">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/25/nyregion/empire-state-building-observation-decks-generate-startling-profits.html|title=Empire State Building Observation Decks Generate Startling Profits|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=December 24, 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 24, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>

In 1961, the struggling [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] unveiled plans to tear down the old [[Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)|Penn Station]] and replace it with a new [[Madison Square Garden]] and [[One Penn Plaza|office building]] complex.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-destruction-penn-station/ "The Destruction of Penn Station"], [[PBS]], February 18, 2014. Accessed December 3, 2023. "In 1961, the financially strapped Pennsylvania Railroad announced it had sold the air rights above Penn Station. The company would tear down what had once been its crowning jewel to build Madison Square Garden, a high-rise office building and sports complex."</ref> Organized protests were aimed at preserving the [[McKim, Mead & White]]-designed structure completed in 1910, widely considered a masterpiece of the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] style and one of the architectural jewels of New York City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=May 20, 2001|title=Streetscapes/'The Destruction of Penn Station'; A 1960's Protest That Tried to Save a Piece of the Past |work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/20/realestate/streetscapes-destruction-penn-station-1960-s-protest-that-tried-save-piece-past.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite these efforts, demolition of the structure began in October 1963.<ref>Khederian, Robert. [https://ny.curbed.com/2017/11/7/16616314/old-penn-station-history-photos-mckim "The birth, life, and death of old Penn Station 16 The story of one of NYC's greatest architectural losses"], ''[[Curbed New York]]'', November 7, 2017. Accessed December 3, 2023. "The demolition of Pennsylvania Station started on October 28, 1963."</ref> The loss of Penn Station led directly to the enactment in 1965 of a local law establishing the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]], which is responsible for preserving the "city's historic, aesthetic, and [[cultural heritage]]".<ref>[http://www1.nyc.gov/site/lpc/about/about-lpc.page About the Landmarks Preservation Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425070933/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/lpc/about/about-lpc.page |date=April 25, 2020 }}, [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> The [[historic preservation]] movement triggered by Penn Station's demise has been credited with the retention of some one million structures nationwide, including over 1,000 in New York City.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/requiem-for-penn-station/ "Requiem For Penn Station"], [[CBS News]], October 13, 2002. Accessed May 17, 2007.</ref> In 2017, a multibillion-dollar rebuilding plan was unveiled to restore the historic grandeur of Penn Station, in the process of upgrading the landmark's status as a critical [[transportation hub]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rebuildpennstation.org/|title=Rebuild Penn Station A movement dedicated to the reconstruction of Penn Station|publisher=Rebuild Penn Station|access-date=September 1, 2017|quote=Our mission is to dramatically enhance the quality of life in the New York City metropolitan area by rebuilding the original Pennsylvania Station as the centerpiece of a new world-class transportation network for the entire region.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803231701/http://www.rebuildpennstation.org/|archive-date=August 3, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The {{cvt|700000|ft2|adj=on}} [[Moynihan Train Hall]], developed as a $1.6&nbsp;billion renovation and expansion of Penn Station into the [[James A. Farley Building]], the city's former main post office building, was opened in January 2021.<ref>[https://esd.ny.gov/moynihan-station-development-corporation-subsidiary Moynihan Station Development Corporation], [[Empire State Development]]. Accessed December 3, 2023. "The Moynihan Station Development Corporation, a subsidiary of Empire State Development, has overseen the construction of the Moynihan Train Hall, a world-class transportation hub for the 21st century. The Train Hall project was completed on-schedule and opened to the public on January 1, 2021.... The redeveloped Farley Building also houses 700,000 square feet of new commercial, retail and dining space within the mixed-use facility and has created an iconic civic space for Manhattan's West Side."</ref>

===National protected areas===
* [[African Burial Ground National Monument]]
* [[Castle Clinton National Monument]]
* [[Federal Hall National Memorial]]
* [[General Grant National Memorial]]
* [[Governors Island National Monument]]
* [[Hamilton Grange National Memorial]]
* [[Lower East Side Tenement National Historic Site]]
* [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]] (part)
* [[Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site]]

===Parkland===
[[File:Central Park - The Pond (48377220157).jpg|thumb|[[Central Park]]]]
[[Park]]land covers a total of {{convert|2659|acre|km2}}, accounting for 18.2% of the borough's land area; the {{convert|840|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Central Park]] is the borough's largest park, comprising 31.6% of Manhattan's parkland.<ref name=ParkList>[https://www.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/dpr_park_list.pdf Parks by Total Acreage (Parks Greater or Equal than 0.5 Acres)], City of New York. Accessed December 26, 2023.</ref> Designed by [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] and [[Calvert Vaux]], the park is anchored by the {{Convert|12|acres|adj=on}} [[Great Lawn and Turtle Pond|Great Lawn]]<ref>[https://www.centralparknyc.org/locations/great-lawn Great Lawn], [[Central Park Conservancy]]. Accessed December 26, 2023. "The 55-acre area hosts a great range of recreational activities and is a popular destination for picnicking, sunbathing, relaxing, playing and watching softball, and enjoying the scenery. The main oval lawn area is 12 acres and includes six fields for softball."</ref> and offers extensive [[walking track]]s, two [[ice-skating]] rinks, a wildlife sanctuary, and several lawns and sporting areas, as well as 21 playgrounds,<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park Central Park], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Accessed December 26, 2023.</ref> and a {{convert|6|mi|km|adj=on}} road from which automobile traffic has been banned since 2018.<ref>[[James Barron (journalist)|Barron, James]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/02/nyregion/central-parks-drives.html "Can Central Park's Drives Become More Peaceful?"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 2, 2023. "There is chaos — as defined by Smith, the president of the nonprofit Central Park Conservancy — on the drives, the six miles of road inside the park that have been off limits to most cars since 2018."</ref> While much of the park looks natural, it is almost entirely landscaped; the [[construction of Central Park]] in the 1850s was one of the era's most massive public works projects, with some 20,000 workers moving {{Convert|5|e6cuyd|e6m3|abbr=off|sp=us}} of material to shape the [[topography]] and create the English-style pastoral landscape that Olmsted and Vaux sought.<ref>Kang, Tricia. [https://www.centralparknyc.org/articles/central-park-history "160 Years of Central Park: A Brief History"], [[Central Park Conservancy]], June 1, 2017. Accessed December 26, 2023. "Construction began on the Park in 1858. Workers moved nearly 5 million cubic yards of stone, earth, and topsoil, built 36 bridges and arches, and constructed 11 overpasses over the transverse roads. They also planted 500,000 trees, shrubs, and vines. The landscapes were manmade and all built by hand."</ref>

The remaining 70% of Manhattan's parkland includes 204 playgrounds, 251 Greenstreets, 371 [[basketball court]]s, and many other amenities.<ref name=MBPOEnvironment>{{cite web |url=http://www.mbpo.org/policy/environment |title=Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411204634/http://www.mbpo.org/policy/environment |archive-date=April 11, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The next-largest park in Manhattan, the [[Hudson River Park]], stretches {{convert|4.5|mi|km}} along the Hudson River and comprises {{convert|550|acre}}.<ref name="RIoG_ParkStats">{{cite book |title=2014 New York State Statistical Yearbook |url=http://www.rockinst.org/nys_statistics/2014/2014_Yearbook_Section_O.pdf |publisher=The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government |year=2014 |chapter=Section O: Environmental Conservation and Recreation, Table O-9 |page=672 |access-date=September 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916082616/http://www.rockinst.org/nys_statistics/2014/2014_Yearbook_Section_O.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other major parks include:<ref name=ParkList/>

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]]
* [[Bryant Park]]
* [[City Hall Park]]
* [[DeWitt Clinton Park]]
* [[East River Greenway]]
* [[Fort Tryon Park]]
* [[Fort Washington Park (Manhattan)|Fort Washington Park]]
* [[Harlem River Park]]
* [[Rucker Park]]
* [[Imagination Playground]]
* [[Inwood Hill Park]]
* [[Isham Park]]
* [[J. Hood Wright Park]]
* [[Jackie Robinson Park]]
* [[Madison Square Park]]
* [[Marcus Garvey Park]]
* [[Morningside Park (Manhattan)|Morningside Park]]
* [[Randalls Island|Randall's Island Park]]
* [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]]
* [[Sara D. Roosevelt Park]]
* [[Seward Park (Manhattan)|Seward Park]]
* [[St. Nicholas Park]]
* [[Stuyvesant Square]]
* [[The Battery (Manhattan)|The Battery]]
* [[High Line|The High Line]]
* [[Thomas Jefferson Park]]
* [[Tompkins Square Park]]
* [[Union Square Park]]
* [[Washington Square Park]]
{{div col end}}

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of New York City}}
[[File:New_York_Stock_Exchange_August_2017_01.jpg|thumb|The [[New York Stock Exchange]]]]
Manhattan is the economic engine of [[New York City]], with its 2.45&nbsp;million workers drawn from the entire [[New York metropolitan area]] accounting for approximately half of all jobs in New York City.<ref name=BLS2023Q3>[https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cewqtr.pdf County Employment And Wages – Second Quarter 2023], [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]], November 21, 2023. Accessed January 12, 2024.</ref> Manhattan's workforce is overwhelmingly focused on [[white-collar worker|white collar]] professions. In 2010, Manhattan's daytime population was swelling to 3.94&nbsp;million, with [[commuter]]s adding a net 1.48&nbsp;million people to the population, along with visitors, tourists, and commuting students. The commuter influx of 1.61&nbsp;million workers coming into Manhattan was the largest of any county or city in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dynamic Population of Manhattan|url=http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|access-date=March 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425062156/http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref> Anchored by Manhattan's financial institutions, New York City has been described as the [[financial centre|financial capital]] of the world.<ref name="NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld">{{cite web |url=https://www.zyen.com/publications/public-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-37/ |title=GFCI 37 Rank |date=March 24, 2025 |publisher=Long Finance |access-date=March 24, 2025 }}</ref>

===Financial sector===
{{Main|Wall Street}}
[[File:Lower Manhattan viewed from Brooklyn.jpg|thumb|The [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]], seen from [[Brooklyn]]]]

Manhattan's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the [[financial center|U.S. financial industry]], metonymously known as Wall Street. Manhattan is home to the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (NYSE), at [[New York Stock Exchange Building|11 Wall Street]] in Lower Manhattan, and the [[Nasdaq]], now located at [[4 Times Square]] in Midtown Manhattan, representing the world's largest and second-largest [[stock exchange]]s, respectively, when measured both by overall share trading value and by total [[market capitalization]] of their listed companies in 2023.<ref name="LargestExchanges" /> The [[NYSE American]] (formerly the American Stock Exchange, AMEX), [[New York Board of Trade]], and the [[New York Mercantile Exchange]] (NYMEX) are also located downtown.

===Corporate sector===
New York City is home to the most corporate headquarters of any city in the United States, the overwhelming majority based in Manhattan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060923033422/http://www.empire.state.ny.us/press/press_display.asp?id=575 Fortune Magazine: New York State and City Home to Most Fortune 500 Companies], [[Empire State Development Corporation]], press release dated April 8, 2005. Accessed April 26, 2007. "New York City is also still home to more Fortune 500 headquarters than any other city in the country."</ref> Manhattan had more than {{Convert|520|e6sqft|e6m2|abbr=off|sp=us}} of office space in 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.colliers.com/download-article?itemId=739adbfd-3200-4c4c-9e57-c5c4756b263e|title=Q4 2022 U.S. Office Market Outlook|publisher=Colliers International|date=February 21, 2023|access-date=March 5, 2023}}</ref> making it the largest office market in the United States; while [[Midtown Manhattan]], with more than {{Convert|400|e6sqft|e6m2|abbr=off|sp=us}} is the largest [[central business district]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |title=Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11 |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield, Inc |access-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508231043/http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |archive-date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> [[Lower Manhattan]] is the third-largest U.S. central business district (following the [[Chicago Loop]]).<ref>[http://www.fta.dot.gov/about/13119.html Lower Manhattan Recovery Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618212646/https://www.fta.dot.gov/about/13119.html |date=June 18, 2014 }}, [[Federal Transit Administration]]. Accessed June 23, 2014. "Lower Manhattan is the third largest business district in the nation. Prior to September 11th more than 385,000 people were employed there and 85% of those employees used public transportation to commute to work."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regus.com/locations/business-centre/illinois-chicago-west-randolph-ogilvie |title=Illinois Chicago West Randolph Ogilvie Business Center |publisher=Regus |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020121208/http://www.regus.com/locations/business-centre/illinois-chicago-west-randolph-ogilvie |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> New York City's role as the top global center for the [[advertising|advertising industry]] is [[Metonymy|metonymously]] known as [[Madison Avenue#Advertising industry|"Madison Avenue"]].<ref>[https://www.aaaa.org/madison-avenue-place-or-mindset/ "Defining Moments in Agency History - Madison Avenue: Place or Mindset?"], [[American Association of Advertising Agencies]], September 19, 2017. Accessed December 26, 2023. "The phrase 'Madison Avenue' has long been synonymous with the advertising agency business, but what is that based on? Were most agencies concentrated on that single street at one point, or is this a misnomer?... According to Roland Marchand's book, Advertising the American Dream, the phrase 'Madison Avenue' was first used to denote advertising around 1923, and by the late 1920s, it was both a prevalent and geographically accurate term."</ref>

===Tech and biotech===
{{Further|Tech companies in Manhattan|Biotech companies in Manhattan|Silicon Alley|Tech:NYC}}
[[File:Flatiron_Building,_Manhattan,_New_York,_USA.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Flatiron District]], the birthplace and center of [[Silicon Alley]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=February 22, 2019 |title=It Started With a Jolt: How New York Became a Tech Town |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/technology/nyc-tech-startups.html|access-date=August 1, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>]]

Manhattan has driven New York's status as a top-tier global high technology hub.<ref name=ManhattanNowBiggestTechHub>{{cite news |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/manhattan-edges-out-san-francisco-new-early-stage-startups-first-time|title=For the first time, Manhattan edges out San Francisco in new early-stage startups|author-first1=Cara |author-last1=Eisenpress|newspaper=[[Crain Communications]]|date=May 22, 2023|access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub>{{cite news|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech|title=New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech|first=Cara|last=Eisenpress|newspaper=[[Crain Communications]]|date=April 28, 2023|access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> [[Silicon Alley]], once a [[metonymy|metonym]] for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's [[high tech]] industries,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1 |title=SA 100 2013: The Coolest People In New York Tech |first1=Megan Rose |last1=Dickey |first2=Jillian |last2=D'Onfro |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 24, 2013 |access-date=July 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722170340/http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1 |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |url-status = live }}</ref> is no longer a relevant moniker as the city's tech environment has expanded dramatically both in location and in its scope. New York City's current tech sphere encompasses a universal array of applications involving [[artificial intelligence]], the [[internet]], [[new media]], [[financial technology]] (''fintech'') and [[cryptocurrency]], [[biotechnology]], [[game design]], and other fields within [[information technology]] that are supported by its [[entrepreneurship ecosystem]] and [[venture capital]] investments. {{As of|2014}}, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180 |title=5 signs NYC's tech scene is growing up – NYC tech sector hits 300,000|author=((S3 Partners))|newspaper=New York Daily News |date=January 8, 2015 |access-date=May 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627013352/http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180|archive-date=June 27, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/10/07/most-innovative-cities/index.html |title=The most innovative cities in America |author1=Jillian Eugenios, Steve Hargreaves|author2=Aimee Rawlins|name-list-style=amp|publisher=CNNMoney|date=October 7, 2014|access-date=October 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010033637/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/10/07/most-innovative-cities/index.html |archive-date=October 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$7.3&nbsp;billion in venture capital investment,<ref name=VentureCapitalNY1>{{cite web|url=http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|title=Venture Investment – Regional Aggregate Data|publisher=National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408104240/http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|archive-date=April 8, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> most based in Manhattan, as well as in [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], and elsewhere in the region. High technology [[startup companies]] and employment are growing in Manhattan and across New York City, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of [[innovation|creativity]] and [[entrepreneurship]],<ref name="VentureCapitalNY1"/> [[social tolerance]],<ref name=SocialToleranceNY1>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/ |title=Ted Cruz Deplores 'Liberal, Left-Wing Values' While Lobbying for New York Votes|author-first1=Matt |author-last1=Flegenheimer|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 23, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413234204/http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/|archive-date=April 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[sustainability|environmental sustainability]],<ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html |title=The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 22, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503001211/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html |archive-date=May 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|title=Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets |author-first1=Lisa W. |author-last1=Foderaro|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 21, 2014|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526231559/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|archive-date=May 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to several [[transatlantic telephone cable|transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines]], the city's [[intellectual capital]], and its extensive outdoor [[wireless network|wireless connectivity]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180|title=City opens nation's largest continuous Wi-Fi zone in Harlem|author-first1=Ivan |author-last1=Pereira |website=amNewYork|publisher=Newsday|date=December 10, 2013|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812125242/http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180 |archive-date=August 12, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Verizon Communications]], headquartered at [[Barclay-Vesey Building|140 West Street]] in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3&nbsp;billion [[fiberoptic communication|fiberoptic telecommunications]] upgrade throughout New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|title=Verizon will miss deadline to wire all of New York City with FiOS|author=Jon Brodkin|publisher=Condé Nast|date=June 9, 2014|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810033248/http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|archive-date=August 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[biotechnology]] sector is also growing in Manhattan based upon the city's strength in academic scientific [[research]] and public and commercial financial support. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech [[investment]] firm, had raised more than US$30&nbsp;million from [[investor]]s, including [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Pfizer]], and [[Johnson & Johnson]], for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than {{convert|700000|sqft|m2}} on [[29th Street (Manhattan)|East 29th Street]] and promotes collaboration among scientists and [[entrepreneur]]s at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The [[New York City Economic Development Corporation]]'s Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including [[Celgene]], [[General Electric]] Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100&nbsp;million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in [[life sciences]] and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Keiko|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|title=Wanted: Biotech Startups in New York City: The Alexandria Center for Life Science Looks to Expand|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 28, 2014|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801082713/http://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|archive-date=August 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Mayor [[Michael R. Bloomberg]] had announced his choice of [[Cornell University]] and [[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] to build a US$2&nbsp;billion graduate school of [[applied science]]s on [[Roosevelt Island]], Manhattan, with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html |author=RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA|title=Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City|work=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2011 |access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219031933/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html |archive-date=December 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus|title='Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion|first=Anne|last=Ju|publisher=Cornell University|date=December 19, 2011|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901224947/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus |archive-date=September 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2023}}

===Tourism===
{{main|Tourism in New York City}}
[[File:Times Square New Year's Eve 2023 Numbers Ball drop (52579744724).jpg|thumb|[[Times Square]] is the hub of [[Broadway theater|Broadway]]'s [[Theater District, Manhattan|theater district]] and a major Manhattan cultural venue with 50 million tourists annually, making it one of the world's most popular tourist destinations.<ref name="Ann Shields"/>]]
Tourism is vital to Manhattan's economy, and the landmarks of Manhattan are the focus of New York City's tourists, with a record 66.6&nbsp;million visiting the city in 2019, bringing in $47.4&nbsp;billion in tourism revenue. Visitor numbers dropped by two-thirds in 2020 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], climbing back to 63.3&nbsp;million visitors in 2023.<ref>[https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/tourism-industry-new-york-city ''The Tourism Industry in New York City Reigniting the Return''], [[New York State Comptroller]] [[Thomas DiNapoli]], April 2021. Accessed January 1, 2024. "After reaching a record high of 66.6 million visitors in 2019 and generating $47.4 billion in spending, the number of visitors to New York City dropped by 67 percent and their spending declined by 73 percent in 2020.... New York City hosted 66.6 million visitors in 2019 (about 25 percent of the State's 265.5 million visitors that year), a tenth-consecutive annual record. In 2020, the pandemic and related behavioral and governmental restrictions caused the number to drop to 22.3 million, a 67 percent reduction (see Figure 1)."</ref><ref>David, Greg. [https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/09/05/tourists-china-hotel-rates/ "Tourists Are Back to NYC in Big Numbers"], [[The City (website)|The City]], September 5, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2024. "But the city will not surpass its 2019 record of 66.6 million visitors because once-numerous travelers from China remain few and far between and Americans are flocking to Europe in unprecedented numbers.... Still, the numbers show a rebound with the official forecast from the tourism agency NYC & Co. still predicting 63.3 million visitors this year, up 12% from last year."</ref>

According to [[The Broadway League]], shows on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] sold approximately US$1.54&nbsp;billion worth of tickets in the 2022–2023 and the 2023–2024 seasons with attendance of approximately 12.3 million each.<ref name=BroadwayLeagueStatistics>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadwayleague.com/research/statistics-broadway-nyc/|title=Broadway Season Statistics|publisher=The Broadway League|access-date=August 3, 2024}}</ref>

===Real estate===
[[Real estate]] is a major force driving Manhattan's economy. Manhattan has perennially been home to some of the world's most valuable real estate, including the [[Time Warner Center]], which had the highest-listed market value in the city in 2006 at US$1.1&nbsp;billion,<ref>{{cite news |last=McTiernan |first=Andy |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+quantum+leap+for+capital+assets.-a0223752080 |title=A quantum leap for capital assets |publisher=The Free Library By Farlex |date=2008 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904044103/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+quantum+leap+for+capital+assets.-a0223752080 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> to be subsequently surpassed in October 2014 by the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]], which became the most expensive hotel ever sold after being purchased by the [[Anbang Insurance Group]], based in China, for {{US$|1.95 billion}}.<ref name="Robert Frank">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/waldorf-becomes-most-expensive-hotel-ever-sold-195-billion.html|title=Waldorf becomes most expensive hotel ever sold: $1.95 billion |author=Robert Frank|publisher=CNBC|date=October 6, 2014|access-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009072204/https://www.cnbc.com/id/102062617#.|archive-date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> When 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007, for US$510&nbsp;million, about US$1,589 per square foot (US$17,104/m²), it broke the barely month-old record for an American office building of US$1,476 per square foot (US$15,887/m²) based on the sale of 660 [[Madison Avenue]].<ref>Quirk, James. {{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg== |title=Bergen offices have plenty of space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222235142/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg%3D%3D |archive-date=December 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}, ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', July 5, 2007. Accessed July 5, 2007.</ref> In 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten [[zip code]]s in the United States by median housing price.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|title=New York Dominates 2014 List of America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes|author=Erin Carlyle|magazine=Forbes|date=October 8, 2014|access-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012002319/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|archive-date=October 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the most expensive home sale ever in the United States occurred in Manhattan, at a selling price of US$238&nbsp;million, for a {{convert|24,000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} [[penthouse apartment]] overlooking [[Central Park]],<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-01-29/hedge-fund-billionaire-ken-griffin-buys-america-s-most-expensive-home-video "Hedge Fund Billionaire Ken Griffin Buys America's Most Expensive Home"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219202107/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-01-29/hedge-fund-billionaire-ken-griffin-buys-america-s-most-expensive-home-video|date=December 19, 2019}}, ''[[Forbes]]'', January 29, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019.</ref> while [[Central Park Tower]], topped out at {{convert|1550|ft|0}} in 2019, is the [[list of tallest residential buildings|world's tallest residential building]], followed globally in height by [[111 West 57th Street]] and [[432 Park Avenue]], both also located in Midtown Manhattan.

===Media===
{{main|Media in New York City|New Yorkers in journalism}}
{{see also|List of films set in New York City|List of television shows set in New York City}}

Manhattan has been described as the [[Media in New York City|media]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/ |title=New York Is The World's Media Capital |author=Felix Richter |publisher=Statista |date=March 11, 2015 |access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time |author=Dawn Ennis |publisher=LGBTQ Nation |date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2018|quote=Never before has any TV station in the entertainment and news media capital of the world carried what organizer boast is the world's largest Pride parade live on TV.}}</ref> A significant array of media outlets and their journalists report about international, American, [[business journalism|business]], [[entertainment journalism|entertainment]], and [[New York metropolitan area]]–related matters from Manhattan.
[[File:New York Times Building - Bottom Portion (48193462432).jpg|thumb|The headquarters of ''[[The New York Times]]'' at 620 [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]]]]
Manhattan is served by the major New York City daily [[newspaper|news publications]], including ''[[The New York Times]]'', which has won the most [[Pulitzer Prize]]s for journalism<ref>[[David Folkenflik|Folkenflik, David.]] [https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097097620/new-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty "''The New York Times'' can't shake the cloud over a 90-year-old Pulitzer Prize"], [[NPR]], May 8, 2022. Accessed January 13, 2024. "''The New York Times'' is looking to add to its list of 132 Pulitzer Prizes — by far the most of any news organization — when the 2022 recipients for journalism are announced on Monday."</ref> and is considered the U.S. media's [[newspaper of record]];<ref>[https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/new-york-times The New York Times], [[Roper Center for Public Opinion Research]]. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The Times is long regarded within the industry as a national 'newspaper of record'."</ref> the ''[[New York Daily News]]''; and the ''[[New York Post]]'', which are all headquartered in the borough. The nation's largest newspaper by circulation, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', is also based in Manhattan.<ref>Majid, Aisha. [https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/top-25-us-newspaper-circulations-down-march-2023/ "Top 25 US newspaper circulations: Largest print titles fall 14% in year to March 2023"], ''[[Press Gazette]]'', June 26, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "News Corp's business-focused ''The Wall Street Journal'' (609,654) and ''The New York Times'' (296,329) remain the biggest dailies in the US."'</ref> Other daily newspapers include ''[[AM New York]]'' and ''[[The Villager (Manhattan)|The Villager]]''. ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]'', based in Harlem, is one of the leading Black-owned weekly newspapers in the United States. ''[[The Village Voice]]'', historically the largest [[alternative newspaper]] in the United States, announced in 2017 that it would cease publication of its print edition and convert to a fully digital venture.<ref name=VillageVoiceDigital>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/nyregion/village-voice-to-end-print-publication.html |title=After 62 Years and Many Battles, Village Voice Will End Print Publication|author=[[John Leland (journalist)|John Leland]] and Sarah Maslin Nir|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 22, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823215238/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/nyregion/village-voice-to-end-print-publication.html |archive-date=August 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The television industry developed in Manhattan and is a significant employer in the borough's economy. The four major American broadcast networks, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[NBC]], and [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]],<ref>[https://www.nyctvweek.com/2023/history "History of Television in NYC"], NYC TV Week. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The four major American broadcast networks, ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox, are all headquartered in New York City. New York is often thought of as the media capital of the world, due to its presence in numerous television shows and movies, and that it is the home of the four major American broadcast networks: ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox."</ref> as well as [[Univision]], are all headquartered in Manhattan, as are many cable channels, including [[CNN]], [[MSNBC]], [[MTV]], [[Fox News]], [[HBO]], and [[Comedy Central]]. In 1971, [[WLIB]] became New York City's first Black-owned radio station<ref>{{cite news |last=Krebs|first=Albin|date=June 27, 1972|title=Ownership of WLIB Is Passing Into Blacks' Hands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/27/archives/ownership-of-wlib-is-passing-into-blacks-hands.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> and began broadcasts geared toward the African-American community in 1949.<ref>Smothers, Ronald. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/03/nyregion/station-offers-perspective-of-black-new-yorkers.html "Station Offers Perspective Of Black New Yorkers"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 3, 1987. Accessed January 2, 2024. "From sunrise to sunset each day, WLIB-AM, a radio station oriented to the concerns of a large segment of New York's black community, becomes what David Lampel likes to call 'a crucible of black opinion' as listeners call in to address issues in the news and questions posed by hosts and guests.... Inner City Broadcasting bought the station in 1973 for $1.7 million. At the time, said Percy E. Sutton, the former Manhattan Borough President who is chairman of the company, the station had been broadcasting rhythm and blues, gospel and news to a mostly black audience since 1949."</ref> [[WQHT]], also known as ''Hot 97'', claims to be the premier hip-hop station in the United States.<ref>Coscarelli, Joe. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/14/arts/music/hot-97-a-hip-hop-pioneer-on-radio-reaches-a-crossroads.html "For Hip-Hop Radio and Its Voices, Change Is on the Air"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 13, 2015. Accessed January 2, 2024. "But with the loss of so much institutional memory, including D.J.s and hosts who had witnessed the birth of hip-hop, the station risks slipping from its perch as the nation's premier regional and hard-boiled rap outlet, current and former employees said in interviews."</ref> [[WNYC]], broadcasting on both an AM and FM signal, has the largest [[public radio]] audience in the nation and is the most-listened to commercial or non-commercial radio station in Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html President's Bio] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618135110/http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |date=June 18, 2008 }}, [[WNYC]]. Accessed May 1, 2007. "Heard by over 1.2&nbsp;million listeners each week, WNYC radio is the largest public radio station in the country and is dedicated to producing broadcasting that extends New York City's cultural riches to public radio stations nationwide." {{cite web |url=http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |title=WNYC - About WNYC |access-date=December 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926034616/http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |archive-date=September 26, 2003 }}</ref> [[WBAI]], owned by the non-profit [[Pacifica Foundation]], broadcasts eclectic music, as well as political news, talk and opinion from a [[Left-wing politics|left-leaning]] viewpoint.<ref>Levy, Nicole. [https://www.politico.com/media/story/2014/02/the-crisis-at-wbai-001715/ "The crisis at WBAI"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102205835/https://www.politico.com/media/story/2014/02/the-crisis-at-wbai-001715/ |date=January 2, 2024 }}, [[Politico]], February 12, 2014. Accessed January 2, 2024. "It's no secret that WBAI — the wholly listener-supported, left-leaning station at 99.5 FM — and its owner, the nonprofit Pacifica Foundation, have long been strapped for cash."</ref>

The oldest [[public-access television]] cable TV channel in the United States is the [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]], founded in 1971, offers eclectic local programming that ranges from a [[jazz]] hour to discussions of labor issues to foreign language and religious programming.<ref>[http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825122105/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |date=August 25, 2010 }}, [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]] press release dated August 6, 2006. Accessed April 28, 2007. "Public access TV was created in the 1970s to allow ordinary members of the public to make and air their own TV shows—and thereby exercise their free speech. It was first launched in the U.S. in Manhattan July 1, 1971, on the Teleprompter and Sterling Cable systems, now Time Warner Cable." {{cite web |url=http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |title=Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary |website=Manhattan Neighborhood Network |access-date=October 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051623/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref> [[NY1]], [[Charter Communications]]'s local news channel, is known for its beat coverage of City Hall and state politics.<ref>Moscatello, Caitlin. [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/ny1-news-lawsuit.html "Nobody Wraps Pat Kiernan The petty, vindictive, backbiting, lawsuit-laden, career-ruining infighting at everyone's favorite local NY1 news station."], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'', June 20, 2021. Accessed February 2, 2024. "It was hard to blame Charter for trying something new. NY1 is a beacon in local news, but it is still local news, accessed via a cable network — a dying industry within a dying industry."</ref>

==Education==
{{See also|Education in New York City|List of high schools in New York City|List of colleges and universities in New York City}}
[[File:Butler Library - 1000px - AC.jpg|thumb|The notable architectural design of [[Butler Library]] at [[Columbia University]], an [[Ivy League]] university in Manhattan<ref>{{cite news |last=Wienerbronner |first=Danielle |date=November 9, 2010 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/09/the-most-beautiful-colleg_n_778614.html#s174271&title=Bapst_Art_Library |title=Most Beautiful College Libraries |work=TheHuffingtonPost.com |access-date=September 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414104845/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/09/the-most-beautiful-colleg_n_778614.html#s174271&title=Bapst_Art_Library |archive-date=April 14, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Stuyvesant HS.jpg|thumb|[[Stuyvesant High School]] in [[Tribeca]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/education/2007/11/30/2007-11-30_us_news__world_report_gives_city_schools.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102140107/http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/education/2007/11/30/2007-11-30_us_news__world_report_gives_city_schools.html |archive-date=January 2, 2008 |title=U.S. News & World Report gives city schools high marks in new list |first=Carrie |last=Melago |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|date=November 30, 2007 |access-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref>]]
[[File:USA-NYC-New York Public Library2.jpg|thumb|[[New York Public Library Main Branch]] at [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] and [[Fifth Avenue]]]]

Education in Manhattan is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. Non-charter public schools in the borough are operated by the [[New York City Department of Education]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36061_new_york/DC20SD_C36061.pdf |title=2020 Census – School District Reference Map: New York County, NY |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=July 22, 2022 }} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36061_new_york/DC20SD_C36061_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> the largest public school system in the United States. [[Charter school]]s include [[Success Academy Charter Schools|Success Academy Harlem 1 through 5, Success Academy Upper West]], and [[Public Prep]].

Several notable New York City public high schools are located in Manhattan, including [[A. Philip Randolph Campus High School]], [[The Beacon School|Beacon High School]], [[Stuyvesant High School]], [[Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts|Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School]], [[High School of Fashion Industries]], [[Eleanor Roosevelt High School (New York City, New York)|Eleanor Roosevelt High School]], [[NYC Lab School]], [[Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics]], [[Hunter College High School]], and [[High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College]]. [[Bard High School Early College]], a hybrid school created by [[Bard College]], serves students from around the city.

Many [[private school|private preparatory schools]] are also situated in Manhattan, including the [[Upper East Side]]'s [[Brearley School]], [[Dalton School]], [[Browning School]], [[Spence School]], [[Chapin School (Manhattan)|Chapin School]], [[Nightingale-Bamford School]], [[Convent of the Sacred Heart (New York)|Convent of the Sacred Heart]], [[Hewitt School]], [[Saint David's School (New York City)|Saint David's School]], [[Loyola School (New York City)|Loyola School]], and [[Regis High School (New York City)|Regis High School]]. The [[Upper West Side]] is home to the [[Collegiate School (New York City)|Collegiate School]] and [[Trinity School (New York City)|Trinity School]]. The borough is also home to [[Manhattan Country School]], [[Trevor Day School]], [[Xavier High School (New York City)|Xavier High School]] and the [[United Nations International School]].

Based on data from the 2011–2015 [[American Community Survey]], 59.9% of Manhattan residents over age 25 have a [[bachelor's degree]].<ref>[https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/S1501/0600000US3606144919 S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT from the 2011–2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Manhattan borough, New York County, New York]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200213162434/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/S1501/0600000US3606144919 |date=February 13, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 22, 2017.</ref> As of 2005, about 60% of residents were college graduates and some 25% had earned advanced degrees, giving Manhattan one of the nation's densest concentrations of highly educated people.<ref>McGeehan, Patrick. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/16/nyregion/16degrees.html "New York Area Is a Magnet For Graduates"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331150724/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/16/nyregion/16degrees.html |date=March 31, 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 16, 2006. Accessed March 27, 2008. "In Manhattan, nearly three out of five residents were college graduates and one out of four had advanced degrees, forming one of the highest concentrations of highly educated people in any American city."</ref>

Manhattan has various colleges and universities, including [[Columbia University]] (and its affiliate [[Barnard College]]), [[Cooper Union]], [[Marymount Manhattan College]], [[New York Institute of Technology]], [[New York University]] (NYU), [[The Juilliard School]], [[Pace University]], [[Berkeley College]], [[The New School]], [[Yeshiva University]], and a campus of [[Fordham University]]. Other schools include [[Bank Street College of Education]], [[Boricua College]], [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America]], [[Manhattan School of Music]], [[Metropolitan College of New York]], [[Parsons School of Design]], [[School of Visual Arts]], [[Touro College]], and [[Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York|Union Theological Seminary]]. Several other private institutions maintain a Manhattan presence, among them [[Adelphi University]], [[Mercy University]], [[King's College (New York City)|King's College]], [[St. John's University (New York City)|St. John's University]], and [[Pratt Institute]]. [[Cornell Tech]], part of [[Cornell University]], is developing on [[Roosevelt Island]].

The [[City University of New York]] (CUNY), the municipal college system of New York City, is the largest urban university system in the United States, serving more than 226,000 degree students and a roughly equal number of adult, continuing and professional education students.<ref>[http://web.cuny.edu/about/index.html The City University of New York is the nation's largest urban public university] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115005225/http://web.cuny.edu/about/index.html |date=January 15, 2010 }}, [[City University of New York]]. Accessed June 30, 2009. "The City University of New York is the nation's largest urban public university..."</ref> A third of college graduates in New York City graduate from CUNY, with the institution enrolling about half of all college students in New York City. CUNY senior colleges located in Manhattan include: [[Baruch College]], [[City College of New York]], [[Hunter College]], [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] and [[William E. Macaulay Honors College]]; graduate studies and [[doctorate]]-granting institutions are [[Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York]], [[CUNY Graduate Center]], [[CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy]], [[CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies]] and [[CUNY School of Professional Studies]].<ref>[https://www.cuny.edu/about/colleges/ 25 Colleges in the World's Greatest City], [[City University of New York]]. Accessed January 8, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://gc.catalog.cuny.edu/the-cuny-senior-colleges-and-professional-schools The CUNY Senior Colleges and Professional Schools], [[CUNY Graduate Center]]. Accessed January 8, 2024.</ref> The only CUNY community college located in Manhattan is the [[Borough of Manhattan Community College]].<ref>[https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/hclpp/students-1/new-york-college-information-1/cuny-community-colleges CUNY Community Colleges (2-Year)], [[Hunter College]]. Accessed January 8, 2024.</ref> The [[State University of New York]] is represented by the [[Fashion Institute of Technology]], [[State University of New York State College of Optometry]], and [[Stony Brook Manhattan|Stony Brook University&nbsp;– Manhattan]].<ref>[https://www.suny.edu/attend/visit-us/complete-campus-list/ Complete Campus List], [[State University of New York]]. Accessed January 8, 2024.</ref>

Manhattan is a world center for training and education in medicine and the life sciences.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in Manhattan|author=New York City Economic Development Corporation |url=http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004b%2Fpr310-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1 |date=November 18, 2004|access-date=July 19, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011233830/http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004b%2Fpr310-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1 |archive-date=October 11, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city as a whole receives the second-highest amount of annual funding from the [[National Institutes of Health]] among all U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web |title=NIH Domestic Institutions Awards Ranked by City, Fiscal Year 2003 |publisher=National Institutes of Health |date=2003 |url=http://report.nih.gov/award/trends/top100fy03.htm |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626092327/http://report.nih.gov/award/trends/top100fy03.htm <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=June 26, 2009 }}</ref> the bulk of which goes to Manhattan's research institutions, including [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], [[Rockefeller University]], [[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]], [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]], [[Weill Cornell Medical College]], and [[New York University School of Medicine]].

Manhattan is served by the [[New York Public Library]], which has the largest collection of any public library system in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm|title=Nation's Largest Libraries|publisher=LibrarySpot|access-date=June 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529215517/http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm|archive-date=May 29, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The five units of the Central Library—[[Mid-Manhattan Library]], [[53rd Street Library]], the [[New York Public Library for the Performing Arts]], Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library, and the [[Science, Industry and Business Library]]—are all located in Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.nypl.org/branch/central/ The Central Libraries], [[New York Public Library]]. Accessed June 6, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228022040/http://www.nypl.org/branch/central/ |date=December 28, 2009 }}</ref> More than 35 other branch libraries are located in the borough.<ref>[http://www.nypl.org/hours/index.cfm?Trg=1&b=mn Manhattan Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702075051/http://www.nypl.org/hours/index.cfm?Trg=1&b=mn |date=July 2, 2017 }}, [[New York Public Library]]. Accessed June 6, 2006.</ref>

==Culture==
{{See also|Culture of New York City}}
{{Further|Broadway theatre|LGBTQ culture in New York City|Transgender culture of New York City|List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City|Music of New York City|List of nightclubs in New York City|Met Gala|New York Fashion Week|NYC Pride March|Stonewall Riots}}
{{overly detailed|section|date=August 2024}}[[File:New_York_Metropolitan_Opera_House_1140788.jpg|thumb|The [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]]]]
[[File:Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met) - Central Park, NYC.jpg|thumb|The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]

Manhattan is the borough most closely associated with New York City by non-residents; residents within the [[New York City metropolitan area]], including New York City's boroughs outside Manhattan, will often describe a trip to Manhattan as "going to the City".<ref>Purdum, Todd S. [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/22/nyregion/political-memo-an-embattled-city-hall-moves-to-brooklyn.html "Political memo; An Embattled City Hall Moves to Brooklyn"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501023520/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/22/nyregion/political-memo-an-embattled-city-hall-moves-to-brooklyn.html |date=May 1, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 22, 1992. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Leaders in all of them fear that recent changes in the City Charter that shifted power from the [[borough president]]s to the City Council have diminished government's recognition of the sense of identity that leads people to say they live in the Bronx, and to describe visiting Manhattan as 'going to the city.'"</ref> Poet [[Walt Whitman]] characterized the streets of Manhattan as being traversed by "hurrying, feverish, electric crowds".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&q=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york&pg=PA50 |title=Walking New York: Reflections of American Writers from Walt Whitman to Teju Cole |pages=46, 50, 131 |first=Stephen |last=Miller |access-date=January 28, 2019|isbn=978-0-8232-7425-3 |date=2016 |publisher=Fordham University Press }}</ref>

Manhattan has been the scene of many important global and American cultural movements. The [[Harlem Renaissance]] in the 1920s established the African-American literary canon in the United States and introduced writers [[Langston Hughes]] and [[Zora Neale Hurston]]. Manhattan's visual art scene in the 1950s and 1960s was a center of the [[pop art]] movement, which gave birth to such giants as [[Jasper Johns]] and [[Roy Lichtenstein]]. The downtown pop art movement of the late 1970s included artist [[Andy Warhol]] and clubs like [[Serendipity 3]] and [[Studio 54]], where he socialized.

Broadway theater is considered the highest professional form of theater in the United States. Plays and [[musical theater|musicals]] are staged in one of the 39 larger professional theaters with at least 500 seats, almost all in and around Times Square. [[Off-Broadway]] theaters feature productions in venues with 100–500 seats.<ref>Weber, Bruce. [http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html "Critic's Notebook: Theater's Promise? Look Off Broadway"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729064107/http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html |date=July 29, 2012 }}, ''The New York Times'', July 2, 2003. Accessed May 29, 2007. "It's also true that what constitutes Broadway is easy to delineate; it's a universe of 39 specified theaters, which all have at least 500 seats. [[Off-Broadway]] is generally considered to comprise theaters from 99 to 499 seats (anything less is thought of as Off Off), which ostensibly determines the union contracts for actors, directors, and press agents."</ref><ref>[http://www.tdf.org/tdf_servicepage.aspx?id=103 Theatre 101] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510175655/http://www.tdf.org/tdf_servicepage.aspx?id=103 |date=May 10, 2010 }}, [[Theatre Development Fund]]. Accessed May 29, 2007.</ref> [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]], anchoring [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to 12 influential arts organizations, including the [[Metropolitan Opera]], [[New York Philharmonic]], and [[New York City Ballet]], as well as the [[Vivian Beaumont Theater]], the [[Juilliard School]], [[Jazz at Lincoln Center]], and [[Alice Tully Hall]]. [[Performance art]]ists displaying diverse skills are ubiquitous on the streets of Manhattan.

Manhattan is also home to some of the most extensive [[art collection]]s in the world, both [[contemporary art|contemporary]] and [[classical art]], including those on [[Fifth Avenue#Museum Mile|Museum Mile on Fifth Avenue]], such as the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], the [[Frick Collection]], the [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]-designed [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim Museum]], the [[Neue Galerie New York|Neue Galerie]], and the [[Jewish Museum]]. Other major museums in Manhattan include the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]] and the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (MoMA). The Upper East Side has many art galleries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uppereast.com/art-galleries|title=Upper East Side Art Galleries|work=uppereast.com|access-date=May 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126000906/http://www.uppereast.com/art-galleries|archive-date=January 26, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/art/best-uptown-art-galleries|title=Best Uptown art galleries|work=Time Out New York|date=March 12, 2018 }}</ref> and the downtown neighborhood of [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]] is known for its more than 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists.<ref>[http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/stylish-traveler-chelsea-girls-september-2005 "Stylish Traveler: Chelsea Girls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524083444/http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/stylish-traveler-chelsea-girls-september-2005 |date=May 24, 2011 }}, ''[[Travel + Leisure]]'', September 2005. Accessed May 14, 2007. "With more than 200 galleries, Chelsea has plenty of variety."</ref><ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/about/pr122004.shtml "City Planning Begins Public Review for West Chelsea Rezoning to Permit Housing Development and Create Mechanism for Preserving and Creating Access to the High Line"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611184958/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/about/pr122004.shtml |date=June 11, 2007 }}, [[New York City Department of City Planning]] press release dated December 20, 2004. Accessed May 29, 2007. "Some 200 galleries have opened their doors in recent years, making West Chelsea a destination for art lovers from around the City and the world."</ref> Many of the world's most lucrative [[art auction]]s are held in Manhattan.<ref name=ManhattanArtAuction1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/arts/design/leonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi-christies-auction.html|title=Leonardo da Vinci Painting Sells for $450.3 Million, Shattering Auction Highs|author=Robin Pogrebin and Scott Reyburn|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2017|access-date=November 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116025921/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/arts/design/leonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi-christies-auction.html|archive-date=November 16, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ManhattanArtAuction2>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp|title=Christ painting by Leonardo da Vinci sells for record $450M|publisher=Associated Press, on MSN|date=November 15, 2017|access-date=November 16, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116083413/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp|archive-date=November 16, 2017}}</ref>
{{multiple image
 | align     = right
 | direction = vertical
 | image1    = Empire State Building in Rainbow Colors for Gay Pride 2015 (19076876770).jpg
 | width1    = 250
 | image2    = NYC Pride Parade 2018 - New York University group 2.jpg
 | width2    = 250
 | caption2  = The [[Empire State Building]] displays the colors of the [[LGBT rainbow flag|Rainbow Flag]] as an [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|LGBT icon]], top. The annual [[NYC Pride March]] in June (seen here in 2018) is the [[List of largest LGBT events|world's largest LGBT event]], imaged below.<ref name="NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade">{{cite web |url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/|title=Revelers Take To The Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride March |publisher=CBS New York|date=June 25, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|quote=A sea of rainbows took over the Big Apple for the biggest pride parade in the world Sunday.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628092426/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/|archive-date=June 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYCWorld'sMediaCapitalLargestPrideParade">{{cite web |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time |author=Dawn Ennis |publisher=LGBTQ Nation |date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=September 26, 2018 |quote=Never before has any TV station in the entertainment and news media capital of the world carried what organizer boast is the world's largest Pride parade live on TV. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213225/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
Manhattan is the epicenter of [[LGBTQ culture in New York City|LGBTQ culture]] and the central node of the LGBTQ+ [[political sociology|sociopolitical ecosystem]].<ref name=NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1>{{cite web|url=https://gayexpress.co.nz/2018/04/new-york-worlds-gay-capital/|title=New York - The World's Gay Capital|author=Peter Minkoff|publisher=Your LGBTQ+ Voice|date=April 5, 2018|access-date=January 5, 2023}}</ref> The borough is widely acclaimed as the cradle of the modern [[LGBT rights|LGBTQ rights]] movement, with its inception at the 1969 [[Stonewall Riots]].<ref name=KentuckyStonewall>{{cite web|url=http://www.uky.edu/~lbarr2/gws250spring11_files/Page1186.htm|title=Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S.|publisher=University of Kentucky|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428030341/http://www.uky.edu/~lbarr2/gws250spring11_files/Page1186.htm|archive-date=April 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=PinkNewsStonewall>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/06/28/feature-how-the-stonewall-riots-started-the-gay-rights-movement/|title=Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement|author=Nell Frizzell|publisher=Pink News UK|date=June 28, 2013|access-date=August 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819231232/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/06/28/feature-how-the-stonewall-riots-started-the-gay-rights-movement/|archive-date=August 19, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=EncycloStonewall>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots|title=Stonewall riots|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=August 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506044110/https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NPSStonewall>{{cite web | author=[[U.S. National Park Service]] | title=Civil Rights at Stonewall National Monument | url=https://www.nps.gov/places/stonewall.htm | publisher=[[Department of the Interior]] | date=October 17, 2016 | access-date=August 31, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527122949/https://www.nps.gov/places/stonewall.htm | archive-date=May 27, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ObamaStonewall>{{cite web |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html |title=Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots |access-date=July 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530065722/http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html |archive-date=May 30, 2013 }}</ref> Brian Silverman, the author of ''Frommer's New York City from $90 a Day,'' wrote the city has "one of the world's largest, loudest, and most powerful LGBT communities", and "Gay and lesbian culture is as much a part of New York's basic identity as [[yellow cab]]s, [[high-rise building]]s, and [[Broadway theatre]]"—<ref>Silverman, Brian. ''Frommer's New York City from $90 a Day'' (Volume 7 of Frommer's $ A Day). [[John Wiley & Sons]], January 21, 2005. {{ISBN|0764588354}}, 9780764588358. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pZPYLuUnzJ4C&pg=PA28 28].</ref> radiating from this central hub, as [[LGBT travel|LGBT travel guide]] ''Queer in the World'' states, "The fabulosity of Gay New York is unrivaled on Earth, and [[LGBT culture|queer culture]] seeps into every corner of its five boroughs".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://queerintheworld.com/gay-new-york-city-usa-travel-guide/ |title=Gay New York City &#124; the Essential LGBT Travel Guide! |website=queerintheworld.com |date= January 6, 2019|access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref> Multiple [[LGBT culture in New York City#Gay villages|gay villages]] have developed, spanning the length of the borough from the [[Lower East Side]], [[East Village (Manhattan)|East Village]], and Greenwich Village, through Chelsea and [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]], uptown to [[Morningside Heights]].

The annual [[NYC Pride March]] (or [[NYC Pride March|gay]] [[pride march|pride parade]]) traverses southward down [[Fifth Avenue]] and ends at Greenwich Village; the Manhattan parade is the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.<ref name="NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade"/><ref name="NYCWorld'sMediaCapitalLargestPrideParade"/> [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019]] was the [[list of largest LGBT events|largest international Pride celebration]] in history, produced by [[Heritage of Pride]]. The events were in partnership with the [[I Love New York|I <span style="color:red;">❤</span> NY]] program's LGBT division, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, with 150,000 participants and five million spectators attending in Manhattan.<ref name="Authorities1">{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Karma |title=About 5 million people attended WorldPride in NYC, mayor says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/million-people-crowed-nyc-worldpride-mayor/story?id=64090338 |access-date=July 3, 2019 |website=ABC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704023917/https://abcnews.go.com/US/million-people-crowed-nyc-worldpride-mayor/story?id=64090338 |archive-date=July 4, 2019 }}</ref>

The borough is represented in several prominent [[idiom]]s. The phrase ''[[wikt:New York minute|New York minute]]'' is meant to convey an extremely short time such as an instant,<ref name="NewYorkMinuteDefinition">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute |title=Dictionary – Full Definition of NEW YORK MINUTE |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192558/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute |archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live }}</ref> sometimes in hyperbolic form, as in "perhaps faster than you would believe is possible," referring to the rapid pace of life in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Minute |work=World Wide Words |first=Michael |last=Quinion |date=February 14, 2004 |url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-new1.htm |access-date=September 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615012919/http://worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-new1.htm|archive-date=June 15, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&q=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york&pg=PA50|title=Walking New York: Reflections of American Writers from Walt Whitman to Teju Cole pp. 46, 50, 131|author=Stephen Miller |access-date=May 13, 2017 |isbn=9780823274253|date=October 3, 2016 |publisher=Fordham University Press }}</ref> The expression "[[melting pot]]" was first popularly coined to describe the densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side]] in [[Israel Zangwill]]'s play ''[[The Melting Pot (play)|The Melting Pot]]'', which was an adaptation of [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' set in New York City in 1908.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/emeltpot.htm "The Melting Pot"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102180529/http://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/emeltpot.htm |date=November 2, 2019 }}, ''The First Measured Century'', [[Public Broadcasting Service]]. Accessed April 25, 2007.</ref> The iconic [[Flatiron Building]] is said to have been the source of the phrase "[[23 skidoo (phrase)|23 skidoo]]" or scram, from what cops would shout at men who tried to get glimpses of women's dresses being blown up by the winds created by the triangular building.<ref>Dolkart, Andrew S. [http://ci.columbia.edu/0240s/0242_2/0242_2_s5_text.html "The Architecture and Development of New York City: The Birth of the Skyscraper&nbsp;– Romantic Symbols"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602065444/http://ci.columbia.edu/0240s/0242_2/0242_2_s5_text.html |date=June 2, 2011 }}, [[Columbia University]]. Accessed May 15, 2007. "It is at a triangular site where Broadway and Fifth Avenue—the two most important streets of New York—meet at Madison Square, and because of the juxtaposition of the streets and the park across the street, there was a wind-tunnel effect here. In the early twentieth century, men would hang out on the corner here on Twenty-third Street and watch the wind blowing women's dresses up so that they could catch a little bit of ankle. This entered into popular culture and there are hundreds of postcards and illustrations of women with their dresses blowing up in front of the Flatiron Building. And it supposedly is where the slang expression "23 skidoo" comes from because the police would come and give the voyeurs the 23 skidoo to tell them to get out of the area."</ref> The "[[Big Apple]]" dates back to the 1920s, when a reporter heard the term used by New Orleans stable-hands to refer to New York City's [[horse racing|horse racetracks]] and named his racing column "Around The Big Apple". [[Jazz]] musicians adopted the term to refer to the city as the world's jazz capital, and a 1970s ad campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau helped popularize the term.<ref>[http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/om/html/97/sp082-97.html "Mayor Giuliani signs legislation creating "Big Apple Corner" in Manhattan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070414082930/http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/om/html/97/sp082-97.html |date=April 14, 2007 }}, New York City press release dated February 12, 1997.</ref>
{{multiple image|align = right|perrow = 2|total_width=370
| image1 = The famous Macy's Turkey (3064244803).jpg |width1=600|height1=400
| image2 = Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051).jpg |width2=550|height2=350
| image3 = Apollo 11 ticker tape parade 2.jpg |width3=600|height3=400
| image4 = Pinoydayparade2.JPG|width4=550|height4=350
| footer = Clockwise, from upper left: the annual [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]], the world's largest parade;<ref name=NYCThanksgivingParade/> the annual [[New York's Village Halloween Parade|Halloween Parade]] in [[Greenwich Village]], the world's largest Halloween parade, with millions of spectators annually, and with its roots in [[LGBT culture in New York City|New York's queer community]];<ref name=NewYorkCityQueerHalloweenParade>{{cite web|url=
https://www.logotv.com/news/cv61fg/the-queer-history-and-present-of-nycs-village-halloween-parade|title=The Queer History (and Present) of NYC's Village Halloween Parade |author=Bryan van Gorder|publisher=[[Logo TV]]|date=October 22, 2018|access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> the annual [[Philippine Independence Day Parade]], the largest [[Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area|outside Manila]];<ref name=NYCLargestPhilippineDayParadeOutsideManila>{{cite web|url=https://pidci.org/|title=Philippine Independence Day Parade|publisher=PIDCI|access-date=October 28, 2023}}</ref> and the [[List of ticker-tape parades in New York City|ticker-tape parade]] for the [[Apollo 11]] [[astronaut]]s
}}
Manhattan is well known for its street [[parade]]s, which celebrate a broad array of themes, including holidays, nationalities, [[human rights]], and major league sports team championship victories. The majority of higher profile parades in New York City are held in Manhattan. The annual [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] is the world's largest parade,<ref name=NYCThanksgivingParade>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/11/24/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2016/|title=Millions Of Revelers Marvel Over Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade|publisher=CBS Broadcasting Inc|date=November 24, 2016|access-date=March 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030118/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/11/24/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2016/|archive-date=March 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> beginning alongside [[Central Park]] and processing southward to the flagship [[Macy's Herald Square]] store;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/|title=Guide to the 2016 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade|author=Hilarey Wojtowicz|publisher=The Independent Traveler, Inc|access-date=March 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329144025/http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> the parade is viewed on telecasts worldwide and draws millions of spectators in person.<ref name=NYCThanksgivingParade/>

Other notable parades including the world's oldest [[New York St. Patrick's Day Parade|St. Patrick's Day Parade]], held annually in March since 1762,<ref>[https://away.mta.info/events/2023-nyc-st-patricks-day-parade/ "Metropolitan Transportation Authority"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228151319/https://away.mta.info/events/2023-nyc-st-patricks-day-parade/ |date=December 28, 2023 }}, [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]], March 17, 2023. Accessed December 28, 2023. "The New York City Saint Patrick's Day Parade is the oldest and largest St. Patrick's Day Parade in the world. The first parade was held on March 17, 1762 — fourteen years before the signing of the Declaration of Independence."</ref><ref>[https://www.nydailynews.com/2023/03/16/st-patricks-day-parade-in-new-york-city-through-the-years/ "St. Patrick's Day Parade in New York City through the years"], ''[[New York Daily News]]'', March 16, 2023. Accessed December 28, 2023. "The first parade was held on March 17, 1762, and has been going strong ever since, drawing more than a million spectators as of late.</ref> the [[New York's Village Halloween Parade|Greenwich Village Halloween Parade]] in October,<ref>[https://halloween-nyc.com/about-us/ About Us], New York's Village Halloween Parade. Accessed December 28, 2023.</ref> and numerous parades commemorating the independence days of many nations.<ref>[https://www.nyctourism.com/annual-events/ Annual Events], New York City Tourism + Conventions. Accessed December 28, 2023.</ref> [[List of ticker-tape parades in New York City|Ticker-tape parades]] celebrating sporting championships won as well as other national accomplishments march northward on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] from [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]] to [[City Hall Park]] in Lower Manhattan, along the [[Canyon of Heroes]].<ref>[https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/uniquely_nyc/ticker_tape.htm Ticker Tape Parades], [[Baruch College]]. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Ticker-Tape Parades, perhaps some of the most unique NYC phenomena, are triumphant celebrations of special occasions or persons, which normally take place within a few days notice. Ticker-tape parades are held in the so called 'Canyon of Heroes' located in the Financial District on lower Broadway."</ref> [[New York Fashion Week]], held at various locations in Manhattan, is a high-profile semiannual event featuring [[fashion model|model]]s displaying the latest wardrobes created by prominent [[fashion designer]]s worldwide.

==Sports==
[[File:Madison_Square_Garden_(MSG)_-_Full_(48124330357).jpg|thumb|[[Madison Square Garden]], home to the [[New York Rangers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] and the [[New York Knicks]] of the [[National Basketball Association]]]]
Manhattan is home to the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[New York Knicks]] and the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]'s [[New York Rangers]], both of which play their home games at [[Madison Square Garden]], the only major professional [[sports arena]] in the borough.<ref>Ozanian, Mike. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2023/02/07/dolans-msg-sports-says-its-open-to-selling-stakes-in-the-knicks-or-rangers/?sh=ae602855f6e0 "Dolan's MSG Sports Says It's Open To Selling Stakes In The Knicks Or Rangers"], ''[[Forbes]]'', February 7, 2023. Accessed December 28, 2023. "The Knicks and Rangers play in Madison Square Garden, which is owned by publicly traded MSG Entertainment, also run by Dolan."</ref> The Garden was also home to the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]]'s [[New York Liberty]] through the [[2017 New York Liberty season|2017 season]], but that team's primary home is now the [[Barclays Center]] in [[Brooklyn]]. The [[New York Jets]] proposed a [[West Side Stadium]] for their home field, but the proposal was defeated in June 2005, and they now play at [[MetLife Stadium]] in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Curbed | title=How the New York Jets Very Nearly Got a West Side Stadium | website=Curbed NY | date=January 30, 2015 | url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/1/30/9997132/how-the-new-york-jets-very-nearly-got-a-west-side-stadium | access-date=April 12, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412212136/https://ny.curbed.com/2015/1/30/9997132/how-the-new-york-jets-very-nearly-got-a-west-side-stadium | archive-date=April 12, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Manhattan does not currently host a [[professional baseball]] franchise. The original [[History of the New York Giants (baseball)|New York Giants]] played primarily in the various incarnations of the [[Polo Grounds]] from their inception in 1883 until they headed to California with the [[History of the Brooklyn Dodgers|Brooklyn Dodgers]] after the 1957 season.<ref>[http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/sf/history/ballparks.jsp Giants Ballparks: 1883&nbsp;– present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527021858/http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/sf/history/ballparks.jsp |date=May 27, 2011 }}, [[MLB.com]]. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref> The New York Yankees began their [[History of the New York Yankees|franchise]] as the Highlanders, named for [[Hilltop Park]], where they played from their creation in 1903 until 1912.<ref>Lamb, Bill. [https://sabr.org/bioproj/park/hilltop-park-new-york/ Hilltop Park (New York)], [[Society for American Baseball Research]]. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Unloved and short-lived – it served as a baseball venue for only ten years – scant tears were shed when the confines passed from the major-league scene after the 1912 season. Yet without Hilltop Park, the American League would have been unable to secure a foothold in New York City. And the fortunes of the game's dominant franchise might well have played out far differently."</ref> The team moved to the Polo Grounds with the 1913 season, where they were officially christened the ''New York Yankees'', remaining there until they moved across the [[Harlem River]] in 1923 to [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]].<ref>[http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/nyy/history/ballparks.jsp Yankee Ballparks: 1903&nbsp;– present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100319011203/http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/nyy/history/ballparks.jsp |date=March 19, 2010 }}, [[MLB.com]]. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref> The [[New York Mets]] played in the Polo Grounds in 1962 and 1963, their first two seasons, before [[Shea Stadium]] was completed in 1964.<ref>[http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/history/ballparks.jsp Mets Ballparks: 1962&nbsp;– present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309095941/http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/history/ballparks.jsp |date=March 9, 2011 }}, [[MLB.com]]. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref> After the Mets departed, the Polo Grounds was demolished in April 1964.<ref>[[John Drebinger|Drebinger, John]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/05/archives/the-polo-grounds-18891964-a-lifetime-of-memories-ball-park-in.html "The Polo Grounds, 1889–1964: A Lifetime of Memories; Ball Park in Harlem Was Scene of Many Sports Thrills"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 5, 1964. Accessed December 28, 2023. "With this move, the Mets committed themselves, come hell or high water right out of Flushing Bay, to open their 1964 National League season next April in Shea Stadium, their new home in Flushing Meadow. At the same time, the City Housing Authority announced it meant to lose no time putting into operation its housing development that is to go up on the site now occupied by the Polo Grounds."</ref><ref>[[Martin Arnold (journalist)|Arnold, Martin]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/11/archives/neath-coogans-bluff-hammers-fall-where-giants-stood-10-feet-tall.html "Ah, Polo Grounds, The Game is Over; Wreckers Begin Demolition for Housing Project"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 11, 1964. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Thus began the demolition of the Polo Grounds yesterday.... After demolition is completed, the site will be used for a $30 million low‐rent, public housing project. In the project, 1,614 families will live in four 30-story buildings, will attend schooI and will use the project's children center, play area, community center and child welfare station."</ref>

The first national college-level basketball championship, the [[National Invitation Tournament]], was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.<ref>[http://www.nit.org/history/nit-history.html History of the National Invitation Tournament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629012509/http://www.nit.org/history/nit-history.html |date=June 29, 2010 }}, [[National Invitation Tournament]]. Accessed May 8, 2007. "Tradition. The NIT is steeped in it. The nation's oldest postseason collegiate basketball tournament was founded in 1938."</ref> The [[New York Knicks]] started play in 1946 as one of the [[National Basketball Association]]'s original teams, playing their first home games at the [[69th Regiment Armory]], before making Madison Square Garden their permanent home.<ref>[http://www.nba.com/knicks/history/new-york-knickerbocker-history/ The Knickerbocker Story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913230403/https://www.nba.com/knicks/history/new-york-knickerbocker-history/ |date=September 13, 2019 }}, [[NBA.com]]. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> The [[New York Liberty]] of the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] shared the Garden with the Knicks from their creation in 1997 as one of the league's original eight teams through the 2017 season,<ref>[http://www.wnba.com/liberty/news/history_timeline.html The New York Liberty Story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829212529/http://www.wnba.com/liberty/news/history_timeline.html |date=August 29, 2011 }}, [[Women's National Basketball Association]]. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref> after which the team moved nearly all of its home schedule to [[White Plains, New York]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.wnba.com/news/new-york-liberty-play-westchester-county-center-2018-season/ |title=New York Liberty To Play At Westchester County Center For 2018 Season |publisher=WNBA |date=February 8, 2018 |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906090506/http://www.wnba.com/news/new-york-liberty-play-westchester-county-center-2018-season/ |archive-date=September 6, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rucker Park]] in [[Harlem]] is a playground court, famed for its ''[[streetball]]'' style of play, where many NBA athletes have played in the summer league.<ref>[http://www.tqnyc.org/2002/NYC00157//BestBasketballPlayers/Rucker%20Park.htm Rucker Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430114506/http://www.tqnyc.org/2002/NYC00157/BestBasketballPlayers/Rucker%20Park.htm |date=April 30, 2009 }}, ThinkQuest New York City. Accessed June 30, 2009.</ref>

Although both of New York City's football teams play today in [[MetLife Stadium]] in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]], both teams started out playing in the Polo Grounds. The [[New York Giants]] played side-by-side with their baseball namesakes from the time they entered the [[National Football League]] in 1925, until crossing over to Yankee Stadium in 1956.<ref>[http://www.profootballhof.com/news/home-sweet-home/ "Home Sweet Home"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211191032/https://www.profootballhof.com/news/home-sweet-home/ |date=December 11, 2019 }}, [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]], September 10, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The Giants shared the Polo Grounds with the New York Baseball Giants from the time they entered the league in 1925 until 1955."</ref> The New York Jets, originally known as the ''Titans of New York'', started out in 1960 at the Polo Grounds, before joining the Mets in Queens at [[Shea Stadium]] in 1964.<ref>[http://www.stadiumsofnfl.com/past/SheaStadium.htm Stadiums of The NFL: Shea Stadium] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516042949/http://www.stadiumsofnfl.com/past/SheaStadium.htm |date=May 16, 2007 }}, Stadiums of the NFL. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>

The [[New York Rangers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] have played in the various locations of Madison Square Garden since the team's founding in the 1926–1927 season. The Rangers were predated by the [[New York Americans]], who started play in the Garden the previous season, lasting until the team folded after the 1941–1942 NHL season, a season it played in the Garden as the ''Brooklyn Americans''.<ref>[http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nhl/nya/nyamericans.html New York Americans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918232759/http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nhl/nya/nyamericans.html |date=September 18, 2010 }}, Sports Encyclopedia. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>

The [[New York Cosmos (1971–1985)|New York Cosmos]] of the [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] played their home games at [[Downing Stadium]] for two seasons, starting in 1974. The playing pitch and facilities at Downing Stadium were in unsatisfactory condition, however, and as the team's popularity grew they too left for Yankee Stadium, and then Giants Stadium. The stadium was demolished in 2002 to make way for the $45&nbsp;million, 4,754-seat [[Icahn Stadium]].<ref>Collins, Glenn. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/20/nyregion/built-for-speed-and-local-pride-track-stadium-emerges-on-randalls-island.html "Built for Speed, And Local Pride; Track Stadium Emerges On Randalls Island"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070751/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/20/nyregion/built-for-speed-and-local-pride-track-stadium-emerges-on-randalls-island.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 20, 2004. Accessed June 30, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004a%2Fpr021-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1 "Mayor Michael Bloomberk, Parks & Recreation Commissioner Adrian Benepe and the Randall's Island Sports Foundation Name New York City's Newest Athletic Facility Icahn Stadium"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416192234/http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004a%2Fpr021-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1 |date=April 16, 2019 }}, [[Mayor of New York City]] press release, dated January 28, 2004. Accessed September 24, 2007.</ref>

==Government==
{{Main|Government of New York City}}
[[File:Municipal Building - New York City.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Manhattan Municipal Building]]]]

Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, Manhattan has been governed by the [[New York City Charter]]; its 1989 revision provided for a strong [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council system]].<ref>[http://www.abcny.org/pdf/Report%20on%20Ballot%20Proposals.pdf "Report on Ballot Proposals of the 2003 New York City Charter Revision Commission"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001013817/http://www.abcny.org/pdf/Report%20on%20Ballot%20Proposals.pdf |date=October 1, 2009 }} (PDF), [[Association of the Bar of the City of New York]]. Accessed May 11, 2007. "Unlike most cities that employ nonpartisan election systems, New York City has a very strong mayor system and, following the 1989 Charter Amendments, an increasingly powerful City Council."</ref> The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, [[New York City water supply system|water supply]], and welfare services in Manhattan.

The office of [[Borough President]] was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the [[New York City Board of Estimate]], which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. In 1989, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional because Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the [[Equal Protection Clause]].<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0489_0688_ZS.html Cornell Law School Supreme Court Collection: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924104029/https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0489_0688_ZS.html |date=September 24, 2013 }}, [[Cornell Law School]]. Accessed June 12, 2006.</ref> Since 1990, the largely powerless Borough President has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} Manhattan's current [[Borough President]] is [[Mark Levine (New York politician)|Mark Levine]], elected as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] in November 2021.

[[Alvin Bragg]], a Democrat, is the [[New York County District Attorney|District Attorney of New York County]]. Manhattan has ten City Council members, the third largest contingent among the five boroughs. It also has twelve administrative districts, each served by a local Community Board. Community Boards are representative bodies that field complaints and serve as advocates for local residents.

As the host of the [[United Nations]], the borough is home to the world's largest international [[Consul (representative)|consular corps]], comprising 105 consulates, consulates general and honorary consulates.<ref>[http://www.consulsnewyork.com/about.htm About Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619022104/https://www.consulsnewyork.com/about.htm |date=June 19, 2006 }}, Society of Foreign Consuls. Accessed July 19, 2006.</ref> It is also the home of [[New York City Hall]], the seat of New York City government housing the [[Mayor of New York City]] and the [[New York City Council]]. The mayor's staff and thirteen municipal agencies are located in the nearby [[Manhattan Municipal Building]], completed in 1914, one of the largest governmental buildings in the world.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/man_munibldg.shtml The David N. Dinkins Manhattan Municipal Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024160541/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/man_munibldg.shtml |date=October 24, 2019 }}, New York City. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The Municipal Building was completed in 1914, but the first offices were occupied as early as January 1913. By 1916, the majority of the offices were full and open to the public."</ref>

===Politics===
{{See also|Community boards of Manhattan}}

[[File:Farley PO jeh.JPG|thumb|[[James A. Farley Post Office]]]]
{{PresHead|place=New York County, New York{{efn|''The presidential election results for the years 1876–1912 are not strictly comparable with the earlier and later ones because New York County included the [[West Bronx]] after 1874 and all of what is now the Borough of [[the Bronx]] (Bronx County, New York) from 1895 until The Bronx became a separate borough in 1914.''}}|whig=yes|source1=<ref>{{cite web | url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS | title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections | access-date=May 11, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323225526/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/ | archive-date=March 23, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>|source2=<ref name="New York Daily Herald">{{cite news |title=The Popular Vote of the United States, in the Presidential Election of 1844 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-daily-herald-the-popular-vote-o/170641328/ |access-date=August 2, 2020 |work=New York Daily Herald |issue=5270 |page=1 |date=November 7, 1848 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>|source=<ref>{{cite web| url=https://web.enrboenyc.us/CD23464ADI0.html| title=Board of Elections in the City of New York 2020 Election Night Results President/Vice President| access-date=November 7, 2020| archive-date=November 7, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107162601/https://web.enrboenyc.us/CD23464ADI0.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>|collapse=true}}
<!--{{PresRow|Year|Winner|GOP/Whig #|Dem #|3rd #|State}}-->
{{PresRow|2024|Democratic|113,921|533,782|12,930|New York}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|85,185|603,040|9,588|New York}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|64,930|579,013|24,997|New York}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|89,559|502,674|8,058|New York}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|89,949|572,370|5,566|New York}}
{{PresRow|2004|Democratic|107,405|526,765|7,781|New York}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|82,113|454,523|34,370|New York}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|67,839|394,131|30,929|New York}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|84,501|416,142|31,475|New York}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|115,927|385,675|4,949|New York}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|144,281|379,521|2,869|New York}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|115,911|275,742|50,245|New York}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|117,702|337,438|5,698|New York}}
{{PresRow|1972|Democratic|178,515|354,326|2,022|New York}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|135,458|370,806|23,128|New York}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|120,125|503,848|1,746|New York}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|217,271|414,902|3,394|New York}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|300,004|377,856|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|300,284|446,727|16,974|New York}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|241,752|380,310|116,208|New York}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|258,650|509,263|4,864|New York}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|292,480|478,153|7,466|New York}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|174,299|517,134|19,820|New York}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|157,014|378,077|30,114|New York}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|186,396|317,227|17,935|New York}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|190,871|183,249|89,206|New York}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|275,013|135,249|54,158|New York}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|113,254|139,547|12,759|New York}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|63,107|166,157|118,391|New York}}
{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|154,958|160,261|31,393|New York}}
{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|155,003|189,712|23,357|New York}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|153,001|181,786|11,700|New York}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|156,359|135,624|16,249|New York}}
{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|98,967|175,267|10,750|New York}}
{{PresRow|1888|Democratic|106,922|162,735|3,076|New York}}
{{PresRow|1884|Democratic|90,095|133,222|4,530|New York}}
{{PresRow|1880|Democratic|81,730|123,015|636|New York}}
{{PresRow|1876|Democratic|58,561|112,530|289|New York}}
{{PresRow|1872|Democratic|54,676|77,814|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1868|Democratic|47,738|108,316|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1864|Democratic|36,681|73,709|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1860|Democratic|33,290|62,293|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1856|Democratic|17,771|41,913|19,922|New York}}
{{PresRow|1852|Democratic|23,124|34,280|436|New York}}
{{PresRow|1848|Whig|29,070|18,973|5,290|New York}}
{{PresRow|1844|Democratic|26,385|28,296|117|New York}}
{{PresRow|1840|Democratic|20,958|21,936|153|New York}}
{{PresRow|1836|Democratic|16,348|17,417|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1832|Democratic|12,506|18,020|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1828|Democratic|9,638|15,435|0|New York}}
{{end}}
The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] holds most public offices. Registered [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] are a minority in the borough, constituting 9.88% of the electorate {{as of|April 2016|lc=y}}. Registered Republicans are more than 20% of the electorate only in the neighborhoods of the [[Upper East Side]] and the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] {{as of|2016|lc=y}}. Democrats accounted for 68.41% of those registered to vote, while 17.94% of voters were unaffiliated.<ref>Grogan, Jennifer. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216045315/http://web.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/election/2004/uptown_grogan01.asp Election 2004—Rise in Registration Promises Record Turnout], [[Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism]]. Accessed April 25, 2007. "According to the board's statistics for the total number of registered voters as of the October 22 deadline, there were 1.1&nbsp;million registered voters in Manhattan, of which 727,071 were Democrats and 132,294 were Republicans, which is a 26.7 percent increase from the 2000 election, when there were 876,120 registered voters."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status |date=April 2016 |url=http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=July 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730140838/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf |archive-date=July 30, 2016 }}</ref>

Manhattan is heavily urbanized and thus powerfully [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] in federal elections. Over three-quarters of its vote has gone to Democratic presidential candidates in every election since 1988, and over 80% in every election since 2004. Manhattan has repeatedly held the record as the most Democratic out of all counties in New York at the federal level; this was the case in 2020 and 2024, for example. It voted solidly for Democrat [[Bill Clinton]] in both 1992 and 1996, and defied national trends by giving negligible votes to third-party candidate [[Ross Perot]]. Democrats continued to see large gains in Manhattan in the 21st Century, with [[Barack Obama]]'s 2008 performance and subsequently [[Hillary Clinton]]'s 2016 performance of over 86% being the best ever by Democratic presidential nominees; [[Joe Biden]] was not far behind in 2020. In 2024, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Donald Trump]] gained the best percentage of the vote (and the largest number of raw votes) for any Republican since 1988, even though Kamala Harris still managed 80% of the vote. This reflected similar rightward shifts across the state of New York and the nation as a whole in that election.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/ | title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/us/elections/2024-election-map-precinct-results.html?unlocked_article_code=1.xk4.VI7C.oXuhxhF7kYdB&smid=url-share | title=An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2024 Election | work=The New York Times | date=January 15, 2025 | last1=Datar | first1=Saurabh | last2=Marcus | first2=Ilana | last3=Murray | first3=Eli | last4=Singer | first4=Ethan | last5=Lemonides | first5=Alex | last6=Zhang | first6=Christine | last7=Smith | first7=Jonah }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/upshot/2020-election-map.html | title=An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2020 Election | work=The New York Times | date=February 2, 2021 | last1=Park | first1=Alice | last2=Smart | first2=Charlie | last3=Taylor | first3=Rumsey | last4=Watkins | first4=Miles }}</ref>

As of 2023, three Democrats represented Manhattan in the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref name="govtrack.us 2018">{{cite web | title=New York Senators, Representatives, and Congressional District Maps | website=GovTrack.us | date=May 21, 2018 | url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/NY#representatives | access-date=December 29, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030025/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/NY#representatives | archive-date=December 30, 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Dan Goldman]] (first elected in 2022) represents [[New York's 10th congressional district]], which includes [[Lower Manhattan]], as well as a portion of [[Brooklyn]].
* [[Jerry Nadler]] (first elected in 1992) represents [[New York's 12th congressional district]], which includes the [[Upper West Side]], [[Upper East Side]], and [[Midtown Manhattan]].
* [[Adriano Espaillat]] (first elected in 2016) represents [[New York's 13th congressional district]], which includes the [[Upper Manhattan]], as well as part of the northwest [[Bronx]].

===Federal offices===
The [[United States Postal Service]] operates post offices in Manhattan. The [[James Farley Post Office]] in Midtown Manhattan is New York City's main post office.<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120721063948/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/67234?p=1&s=NY&service_name=post_office&z=10001 Post Office Location&nbsp;– James A. Farley]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Accessed May 5, 2009.</ref> Both the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]] and [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] are located in Lower Manhattan's [[Foley Square]], and the [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York|U.S. Attorney]] and other federal offices and agencies maintain locations in that area.

===Crime and public safety===
{{Main|Crime in New York City}}
Starting in the mid-19th century, the United States became a magnet for immigrants seeking to escape poverty in their home countries. After arriving in New York, many new arrivals ended up living in squalor in the [[slum]]s of the [[Five Points, Manhattan|Five Points]] neighborhood, an area between [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] and the [[Bowery]], northeast of [[New York City Hall]]. By the 1820s, the area was home to many gambling dens and [[brothel]]s, and was known as a dangerous place to go. In 1842, [[Charles Dickens]] visited the area and was appalled at the horrendous living conditions he had seen.<ref>Christiano, Gregory. [http://urbanography.com/5_points/ "The Five Points"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429161308/http://urbanography.com/5_points/ |date=April 29, 2014 }}, Urbanography. Accessed May 16, 2007.</ref> The predominantly Irish [[Five Points Gang]] was one of the country's first major [[organized crime]] entities.

As Italian immigration grew in the early 20th century many joined ethnic gangs, including [[Al Capone]], who got his start in crime with the Five Points Gang.<ref>[http://www.chicagohs.org/history/capone.html Al Capone] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512025504/http://www.chicagohs.org/history/capone.html |date=May 12, 2014 }}, [[Chicago History Museum]]. Accessed May 16, 2007. "Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York.... He became part of the notorious Five Points gang in Manhattan and worked in gangster Frankie Yale's Brooklyn dive, the Harvard Inn, as a bouncer and bartender."</ref> [[Sicilian Mafia|The Mafia]] (also known as ''Cosa Nostra'') first developed in the mid-19th century in [[Sicily]] and spread to the [[East Coast of the United States|US East Coast]] during the late 19th century following waves of Sicilian and Southern Italian emigration. [[Lucky Luciano]] established [[American Mafia|Cosa Nostra in Manhattan]], forming alliances with other criminal enterprises, including the [[Jewish mob]], led by [[Meyer Lansky]], the leading Jewish gangster of that period.<ref name=Smithsonian>Jaffe, Eric. [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/talking-to-the-feds-151425207/ "Talking to the Feds: The chief of the FBI's organized crime unit on the history of La Cosa Nostra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129054307/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/talking-to-the-feds-151425207/ |date=November 29, 2018 }}, ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)]]'', April 2007. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> From 1920 to 1933, [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] helped create a thriving [[black market]] in liquor, upon which the Mafia was quick to capitalize.<ref name=Smithsonian/>

New York City as a whole experienced a sharp increase in crime during the [[post-war]] period.<ref>Langan, Patrick A. and Durose, Matthew R. [https://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.istat.it/ContentPages/16185020.pdf "The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223256/https://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.istat.it/ContentPages/16185020.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }} (PDF). [[United States Department of Justice]], October 21, 2004. Accessed June 4, 2014.</ref> The murder rate in Manhattan hit an all-time high of 42 murders per 100,000 residents in 1979.<ref name=Henshaw>{{cite web|author=Phil Henshaw |url=https://www.synapse9.com/cw/crimewave_nys2.htm |title=The Great Crime Wave |website=Synapse9.com |date=August 7, 2005 |access-date=February 26, 2022}}</ref> Manhattan retained the highest murder rate in the city until 1985 when it was surpassed by [[the Bronx]].<ref name=Henshaw/> Most serious violent crime has been historically concentrated in [[Upper Manhattan]] and the [[Lower East Side]], though robbery in particular was a major quality of life concern throughout the borough. Through the 1990s and 2000s, levels of violent crime in Manhattan plummeted to levels not seen since the 1950s,<ref>Southall, Ashley. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/27/nyregion/new-york-city-crime-2017.html "Crime in New York City Plunges to a Level Not Seen Since the 1950s"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 27, 2017. Accessed August 6, 2023. "It would have seemed unbelievable in 1990, when there were 2,245 killings in New York City, but as of Wednesday there have been just 286 in the city this year — the lowest since reliable records have been kept.... If the trend holds just a few more days, this year's homicide total will be under the city's previous low of 333 in 2014, and crime will have declined for 27 straight years, to levels that police officials have said are the lowest since the 1950s."</ref> with murders in Manhattan dropping from 503 in 1990, at the citywide peak, to 78 in 2022, a decline of 84%.<ref>[[Daniel Dale|Dale, Daniel]]. [https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/17/politics/fact-check-manhattan-crime-trump-bragg/index.html "Fact check: Here's the truth about crime in Manhattan"], ''[[CNN]]'', April 17, 2023. Accessed January 3, 2024. "New York City publishes crime statistics on its website, so the truth is easy to find. In 1990, when the city set its all-time record for total murders, there were 503 recorded murders in Manhattan, which is one of the city's five boroughs. In 2022, Manhattan recorded 78 murders – a decline of about 84% from 1990."</ref>

Today crime rates in most of [[Lower Manhattan]], Midtown, the [[Upper East Side]], and the [[Upper West Side]] are consistent with other major city centers in the United States. However, crime rates remain high in the Upper Manhattan neighborhoods of [[East Harlem]], [[Harlem]], Washington Heights, Inwood, and [[New York City Housing Authority]] developments across the borough, despite significant reductions. After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, there had been an increase in violent crime, particularly in Upper Manhattan.<ref>Marcius, Chelsia Rose; and Shanhan, Ed. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/05/nyregion/new-york-crime-stats.html "Major Crimes Rose 22 Percent in New York City, Even as Shootings Fell"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 5, 2023. Accessed August 6, 2023. "The declines in murders and shootings last year appeared to be in line with similar drops in other U.S. cities, which, like New York, experienced a surge in such crimes in 2020 and 2021 amid the worst of the pandemic, criminal justice experts said.... Mr. Herrmann also noted that, based on his own analysis of Police Department data, the decline in shootings had yet to be felt in some neighborhoods long plagued by gun violence, including Brownsville and Bushwick in Brooklyn; Central Harlem and Inwood in Manhattan; and East Concourse and Claremont in the Bronx."</ref> Mirroring a nationwide trend, rates of shootings and violent crimes in 2023 declined from their peaks during the pandemic.<ref>Meko, Hurubie. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/nyregion/shootings-nyc-crime.html "Shootings in New York Drop by a Quarter as Surge of Violence Eases; Murders and rapes were also down, part of a nationwide trend after a post-pandemic spike."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 6, 2023. Accessed January 3, 2024. "Shootings in New York City dropped by about 25 percent through the first half of this year compared with the same period last year, extending a downward trend after a spike in violent crime during the pandemic. The sharp drop, which mirrored similar decreases across the United States, came amid widespread fears about crime in the city, which officials have blamed for keeping workers and suburbanites cloistered in their homes."</ref><ref>Marcello, Philip. [https://apnews.com/article/trump-bragg-new-york-manhattan-nypd-4c0cb6ef067b2e3f2358ec9542c900cd "FACT FOCUS: NYC crime is not worst ever, despite claims"], ''[[Associated Press]]'', April 18, 2023. Accessed January 3, 2024."</ref><ref>Marcello, Philip. [https://apnews.com/article/trump-bragg-new-york-manhattan-nypd-4c0cb6ef067b2e3f2358ec9542c900cd "FACT FOCUS: NYC crime is not worst ever, despite claims"], ''[[Associated Press]]'', April 18, 2023. Accessed January 3, 2024.""CLAIM: Crime in New York City is the worst it's ever been, especially in the borough of Manhattan where Trump faces criminal charges. THE FACTS: While it's true that major crimes in New York City rose last year compared to 2021, criminal justice experts say crime levels were significantly higher three decades ago, and that the current levels are more comparable to where New York was a decade ago, when people frequently lauded it as America's safest big city.... 'Virtually every major crime category is lower in Manhattan now than it was last year,' he wrote."</ref>

==Housing==
[[File:Court of first model tenement house in New York, 72nd Street and First Avenue, Manhattan (NYPL b13668355-482804).jpg|thumb|upright|Tenement houses in 1936]]

The rise of immigration near the turn of the 20th century left major portions of Manhattan, especially the [[Lower East Side]], densely packed with recent arrivals, crammed into unhealthy and unsanitary housing. [[Tenement]]s were usually five stories high, constructed on the then-typical {{convert|25|by|100|ft}} lots, with "cockroach landlords" exploiting the new immigrants.<ref>[http://www.upress.umn.edu/sles/Chapter2/ch2-3.html Building the Lower East Side Ghetto]. Accessed April 30, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708123315/http://www.upress.umn.edu/sles/Chapter2/ch2-3.html |date=July 8, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=NYTTenements>Peterson, Iver. [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/03/realestate/tenements-of-1880-s-adapt-to-1980-s.html "Tenements of 1880s Adapt to 1980s"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065349/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/03/realestate/tenements-of-1880-s-adapt-to-1980-s.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 3, 1988. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Usually five stories tall and built on a {{convert|25|ft|m|adj=on}} lot, their exteriors are hung with fire escapes and the interiors are laid out long and narrow—in fact, the apartments were dubbed railroad flats."</ref> By 1929, a new [[building code|housing code]] effectively ended construction of tenements, though some survive today on the East Side of the borough.<ref name=NYTTenements/> Conversely, there were also areas with luxury apartment developments, the first of which was [[the Dakota]] on the [[Upper West Side]].<ref name="spt19880110">{{cite news|date=January 10, 1988|title=Apartment building home to stars|page=14|access-date=December 3, 2020|work=St. Petersburg Times|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/262558060|id={{ProQuest|262558060}}|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Manhattan offers a wide array of private housing, as well as public housing, which is administered by the [[New York City Housing Authority]] (NYCHA). Affordable rental and co-operative housing units throughout the borough were created under the [[Mitchell–Lama Housing Program]].<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/site/hpd/services-and-information/mitchell-lama-program.page Mitchell-Lama], [[New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development]]. Accessed January 5, 2024.</ref> There were 928,714 housing units in 2023<ref name=QuickFacts/> at an average density of {{convert|40,988|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. {{As of|2003}}, only 24.3% of Manhattan residents lived in owner-occupied housing, the second-lowest rate of all counties in the nation, after the Bronx.<ref name=OwnerOccupied>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070204005223/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Ranking/2003/R21T050.htm Percent of Occupied Housing Units That are Owner-occupied], United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 15, 2015.</ref> Public housing administered by NYCHA accounts for nearly 100,000 residents in more than 50,000 units in 2023.<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nycha/downloads/pdf/NYCHA-Fact-Sheet-2023.pdf#page=4 ''NYCHA 2023 Fact Sheet''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003100327/https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nycha/downloads/pdf/NYCHA-Fact-Sheet-2023.pdf#page=4 |date=October 3, 2023 }}, [[New York City Housing Authority]], April 2023. Accessed January 5, 2024. Public Housing Borough Breakdown: Manhattan: 79 developments with 50,220 apartments and 99,777 residents"</ref> Completed in 1935, the [[First Houses]] in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] were one of the country's first publicly funded low-income housing projects.<ref>Apmann, Sarah Bean. [https://www.villagepreservation.org/2015/12/03/landmarks-50-first-houses/ "Landmarks of New York: First Houses"], Village Preservation Blog, December 3, 2015. Accessed January 7, 2024. "On December 3, 1935, First Houses were dedicated and opened, the first housing project undertaken by the then-recently established New York City Housing Authority and the first publicly-funded low-income housing project in the nation. The groundbreaking development was made a New York City landmark on November 12, 1974."</ref><ref>Price, Richard. [https://www.guernicamag.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-public-housing-in-nyc/ "The Rise and Fall of Public Housing in NYC; A subjective overview."], ''[[Guernica (magazine)|Guernica]]'', October 1, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2024. "In 1935, the first public housing complex in New York, prosaically christened First Houses, (landmarked since 1974) on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, offered 122 apartments featuring oak wood floors and brass fixtures. The rent, adjusted to each family's monthly income, ranged from five to seven dollars."</ref> At $2,024 in 2022, Manhattan has the highest average cost for rent of any county in the US, although a lower percentage of annual income than in several other American cities.<ref name=name>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/real_estate/2010/10/21/2010-10-21_forbes_study_new_york_not_that_tough_to_rent_in_compared_to_other_cities_.html|title=NYDaily News: Rent too damn high?-news|access-date=October 26, 2010|location=New York|first=Jeremy B.|last=White|date=October 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025112914/http://www.nydailynews.com/real_estate/2010/10/21/2010-10-21_forbes_study_new_york_not_that_tough_to_rent_in_compared_to_other_cities_.html|archive-date=October 25, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

Manhattan's real estate market for luxury housing continues to be among the most expensive in the world,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/morganbrennan/2013/03/22/the-worlds-most-expensive-cities-for-luxury-real-estate|title=The World's Most Expensive Cities for Luxury Real Estate|author=Morgan Brennan|magazine=Forbes|date=March 22, 2013|access-date=June 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703011813/http://www.forbes.com/sites/morganbrennan/2013/03/22/the-worlds-most-expensive-cities-for-luxury-real-estate/|archive-date=July 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and Manhattan residential property continues to have the highest sale price per square foot in the United States.<ref name="ManhattanPricePerSquareFoot">[https://www.redfin.com/city/35948/NY/Manhattan Manhattan, NY Homes for Sale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815104855/https://www.redfin.com/city/35948/NY/Manhattan|date=August 15, 2018}}, Redfin. Accessed January 31, 2018.</ref> Manhattan's apartments cost {{convert|1773|$/ft2|$/m2}}, compared to San Francisco housing at {{convert|1,185|$/ft2|$/m2}}, Boston housing at {{convert|751|$/ft2|$/m2}}, and Los Angeles housing at {{convert|451|$/ft2|$/m2}}.<ref>{{cite web | last=Warerkar | first=Tanay | title=Manhattan's average price per square foot surpasses that of other major U.S. cities | website=Curbed NY | date=August 21, 2017 | url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/8/21/16179926/manhattan-average-square-foot-price | access-date=April 2, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425191357/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/8/21/16179926/manhattan-average-square-foot-price | archive-date=April 25, 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref> As of the fourth quarter of 2021, the median value of homes in Manhattan was $1,306,208, second highest among US counties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=County Median Home Price |url=https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/county-median-home-prices-and-monthly-mortgage-payment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420122337/https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/county-median-home-prices-and-monthly-mortgage-payment |archive-date=April 20, 2022 |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=National Association of Realtors |date=January 4, 2019 }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
{{See also|Transportation in New York City}}

{{overly detailed|section|date=August 2023}}

====Public transportation====
[[File:Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Grand Central Terminal]], a [[National Historic Landmark]]]]
[[File:NYC Downtown Manhattan Skyline seen from Paulus Hook 2019-12-20 IMG 7347 FRD.jpg|thumb|Ferries departing [[Battery Park City Ferry Terminal]] and helicopters flying above Manhattan]]
[[File:Staten Island Ferry-Battery Park-2012.jpg|thumb|The [[Staten Island Ferry]], seen from [[the Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], crosses [[Upper New York Bay]], providing free public transportation between [[Staten Island]] and Manhattan.]]
Manhattan is unique in the U.S. for intense use of [[public transport]]ation and lack of private car ownership. While 88% of Americans nationwide drive to their jobs, with only 5% using public transport, [[mass transit]] is the dominant form of travel for residents of Manhattan, with 72% of borough residents using public transport to get to work, while only 18% drove.<ref>[http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/executive_summary.html Highlights of the 2001 National Household Travel Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002070118/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/executive_summary.html |date=October 2, 2006 }}, [[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]], [[United States Department of Transportation]]. Accessed May 21, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/td_fullpedlosb.pdf "New York City Pedestrian Level of Service Study&nbsp;– Phase I, 2006"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615164222/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/td_fullpedlosb.pdf |date=June 15, 2007 }}, [[New York City Department of City Planning]], April 2006, p. 4. Accessed May 17, 2007. "In the year 2000, 88% of workers over 16 years old in the U.S. used a car, truck or van to commute to work, while approximately 5% used public transportation and 3% walked to work.... In Manhattan, the borough with the highest population density (66,940 people/sq mi. in year 2000; 1,564,798 inhabitants) and concentration of business and tourist destinations, only 18% of the working population drove to work in 2000, while 72% used public transportation and 8% walked."</ref> According to the 2000 United States Census, 77.5% of Manhattan households do not own a car.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tstc.org/reports/cpsheets/Manhattan_factsheet.pdf |title=Manhattan |publisher=TSTC.org |access-date=September 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723211344/http://www.tstc.org/reports/cpsheets/Manhattan_factsheet.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Congestion pricing was [[Congestion pricing in New York City|implemented in Lower and Midtown Manhattan]] in January 2025 and applies to nearly all motor vehicular traffic in Manhattan south of [[60th Street (Manhattan)|60th Street]].<ref name=ManhattanCongestionPricing>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/04/nyregion/congestion-pricing-nyc.html|title=Welcome to the Congestion Zone: New York Toll Program Is Set to Begin|author=Winnie Hu and Ana Ley|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 4, 2025|access-date=January 4, 2025}}</ref>

The [[New York City Subway]] is the primary means of travel within the city, linking every borough except Staten Island. There are [[List of New York City Subway stations in Manhattan|151 subway stations in Manhattan]], out of the {{NYCS const|number|total}} stations.<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref> A second subway, the [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] system, connects [[List of PATH stations|six stations in Manhattan]] to northern [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/path/fares.html|title=PATH Fares|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]|access-date=March 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711125203/http://www.panynj.gov/path/fares.html|archive-date=July 11, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> [[regional rail|Commuter rail]] services operating to and from Manhattan are the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR), which connects Manhattan and other New York City boroughs to [[Long Island]]; the [[Metro-North Railroad]], which connects Manhattan to Upstate New York and Southwestern Connecticut; and [[NJ Transit]] trains, which run to various points in New Jersey. The commuter rail lines converge at [[New York Penn Station]] and [[Grand Central Terminal]], on the west and east sides of Midtown Manhattan, respectively. They are the two busiest rail stations in the United States.<ref>[http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm The MTA Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603102032/http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |date=June 3, 2019 }}, [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> [[Amtrak]] provides inter-city passenger rail service from Penn Station to [[Boston]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore]], and Washington, D.C.; [[Upstate New York]] and [[New England]]; cross-Canadian border service to [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]]; and destinations in the [[Southern United States|Southern]] and [[Midwestern United States]].

The [[East Side Access]] project, which brings LIRR trains to [[Grand Central Terminal]], opened in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | last=Siff | first=Andrew | title=MTA Megaproject to Cost Almost $1B More Than Prior Estimate | website=NBC New York | date=April 16, 2018 | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/East-Side-Access-MTA-Project-Cost-Infrastructure-479628223.html | access-date=April 16, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024310/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/East-Side-Access-MTA-Project-Cost-Infrastructure-479628223.html | archive-date=April 17, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Castillo | first=Alfonso A. | title=East Side Access price tag now stands at $11.2B | website=Newsday | date=April 15, 2018 | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-1.18020231 | access-date=April 16, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415065109/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-1.18020231 | archive-date=April 15, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Four multi-billion-dollar projects were completed in the mid-2010s: the $1.4&nbsp;billion [[Fulton Center]] in November 2014,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yee|first1=Vivian|title=Out of Dust and Debris, a New Jewel Rises|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html |access-date=February 16, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=November 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424045156/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html |archive-date=April 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the $2.4&nbsp;billion [[7 Subway Extension]] in September 2015,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |title=Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side |website=The New York Times |date=September 10, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/nyregion/no-7-subway-station-far-west-side-manhattan.html |access-date=September 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914231924/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/nyregion/no-7-subway-station-far-west-side-manhattan.html |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> the $4&nbsp;billion [[World Trade Center Transportation Hub]] in March 2016,<ref>{{cite web | last=Lorenzetti | first=Laura | title=The World's Most Expensive Train Station Opens Today | website=Fortune | date=March 3, 2016 | url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/most-expensive-train-station/ | access-date=December 20, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925073559/http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/most-expensive-train-station/ | archive-date=September 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Verrill | first=Courtney | title=New York City's $4 billion World Trade Center Transportation Hub is finally open to the public | website=Business Insider | date=March 4, 2016 | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3 | access-date=December 20, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221180813/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3 | archive-date=February 21, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> and Phase 1 of the $4.5&nbsp;billion [[Second Avenue Subway]] in January 2017.<ref>{{cite web | last=McCowan | first=Candace | title=Decades in the making, Second Avenue Subway set to open to the public | website=ABC7 New York | date=December 31, 2016 | url=http://abc7ny.com/news/decades-in-the-making-second-avenue-subway-set-to-open-to-the-public/1680811/ | access-date=January 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428024658/https://abc7ny.com/news/decades-in-the-making-second-avenue-subway-set-to-open-to-the-public/1680811/ | archive-date=April 28, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last1=Fitzsimmons | first1=Emma G. | last2=Wolfe | first2=Jonathan | title=Second Avenue Subway Opening: What to Know | website=The New York Times | date=January 1, 2017 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html | access-date=January 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101195614/http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html | archive-date=January 1, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[New York City Transit Authority|MTA New York City Transit]] operates local buses within Manhattan under the brand [[New York City Bus]]. An extensive network of express bus routes serves commuters and other travelers heading into Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref>

The [[Roosevelt Island Tramway]], one of two commuter [[aerial tramway|cable car]] systems in North America, takes commuters between [[Roosevelt Island]] and Manhattan Island.<ref>Lee, Jennifer 8. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/nyregion/19roosevelt.html "Midair Rescue Lifts Passengers From Stranded East River Tram"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102013419/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/nyregion/19roosevelt.html |date=January 2, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 19, 2006. Accessed February 28, 2008. "The system, which calls itself the only aerial commuter tram in the country, has been featured in movies including ''City Slickers'', starring Billy Crystal; ''Nighthawks'', with Sylvester Stallone; and ''Spider-Man'' in 2002."</ref><ref>[http://www.rioc.com/thetram.htm The Roosevelt Island Tram], [[Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation]]. Accessed April 30, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928212116/http://www.rioc.com/thetram.htm |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> The [[Staten Island Ferry]] carries over 21&nbsp;million passengers annually on the {{convert|5.2|mi|km|adj=on}} run between Manhattan and Staten Island.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml#facts Facts About the Ferry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225165310/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml#facts |date=December 25, 2019 }}, [[New York City Department of Transportation]]. Accessed August 28, 2012. "On a typical weekday, five boats make 109 trips, carrying approximately 65,000 passengers. During rush hours, the ferry runs on a four-boat schedule, with 15 minutes between departures."</ref><ref>[http://www.nyccouncil.info/pdf_files/reports/siferry.pdf An Assessment of Staten Island Ferry Service and Recommendations for Improvement] (PDF), [[New York City Council]], November 2004. Accessed April 28, 2007. "Of the current fleet of seven vessels, five boats make 104 trips on a typical weekday schedule". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821172158/http://www.nyccouncil.info/pdf_files/reports/siferry.pdf |date=August 21, 2013 }}</ref> The ferry has been fare-free since 1997.<ref>Holloway, Lynette. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/29/nyregion/mayor-to-end-50-cent-fare-on-si-ferry.html "Mayor to End 50-Cent Fare On S.I. Ferry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030183209/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/29/nyregion/mayor-to-end-50-cent-fare-on-si-ferry.html |date=October 30, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 29, 1997. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani said yesterday that he would eliminate the 50-cent fare on the Staten Island Ferry starting July 4, saying people who live outside Manhattan should not have to pay extra to travel."</ref> Manhattan is also served by [[NYC Ferry]], which began operating in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|title=NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes|date=May 1, 2017|website=NY Daily News|agency=Associated Press|access-date=May 1, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|title=New York Today: Our City's New Ferry|last1=Levine|first1=Alexandra S.|date=May 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 1, 2017|last2=Wolfe|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501105006/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|archive-date=May 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> All of the system's routes serve Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ferry.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Map.pdf|title=Route Map|date=2017|publisher=NYC Ferry|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628005559/https://www.ferry.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Map.pdf|archive-date=June 28, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Port-authority-terminal.jpg|thumb|The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]], at [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]], is the world's busiest bus station.<ref name=Record2021/><ref name=PABT2008/>]]

The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] is the city's main [[intercity bus]] terminal and the world's busiest bus station. It serves 250,000 passengers on 7,000 buses each workday in a 1950 building designed to accommodate 60,000 daily passengers. A 2021 plan announced by the Port Authority would spend $10 billion to expand capacity and modernize the facility.<ref name=PABT2008>[https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/press-room/press-release-archives/2008_press_releases/architect_chosenforplannedofficetoweraboveportauthoritybustermin.html Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing], [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], dated November 17, 2008. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The Port Authority Bus Terminal opened in 1950 and has become the busiest bus passenger facility in the world, handling 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters each day. It includes 223 bus gates, retail and commercial space, and public parking for 1,250 vehicles."</ref><ref name=NYT2021>McGeehan, Patrick; and Hu, Winnie. [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal.html "'Notorious' Port Authority Bus Terminal May Get a $10 Billion Overhaul"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 21, 2021, updated September 23, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The bus terminal plan, which has been in the works for more than seven contentious years, would cost as much as $10 billion and could take a decade to complete.... More than 250,000 people passed through it on a typical weekday before the pandemic, according to the Port Authority.... The bus terminal, a brick hulk perched at the mouth of the Lincoln Tunnel, has long exceeded its capacity — when it opened in late 1950, it was expected to handle 60,000 passengers a day."</ref><ref name=Record2021>Wilson, Colleen. [https://www.northjersey.com/in-depth/news/transportation/2021/06/30/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement-meet-commuter-needs/7685645002/ "Port Authority Bus Terminal was once a marvel. Will the next one meet commuters' needs?"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', June 30, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "Becoming the busiest bus terminal in the world doesn't happen without also bearing the brunt of blame every time a commute goes horribly wrong — deserved or otherwise.... The popularity of bus commuting over the Hudson River has steadily risen over the last seven decades, with some 260,000 people a day coming through the terminal pre-pandemic.... A more efficient terminal should improve some of the delays through the Lincoln Tunnel and exclusive bus lane (XBL), the dedicated lane in the morning that converges all buses into a single lane from I-495 into the Lincoln Tunnel from New Jersey."</ref> In 2024, the Port Authority announced plans for a new terminal that would be completed by 2032 and include a pair of office buildings to defray the costs of the project.<ref>McGeehan, Patrick. [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/01/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement.html "A Look at the $10 Billion Design for a New Port Authority Bus Terminal The Port Authority unveiled a revised design for a replacement of the much-reviled transit hub, which opened in 1950."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 1, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "Instead of the dismal, brick hulk that has darkened two full blocks of Midtown Manhattan for more than 70 years, there would be a bright, modern transit hub topped by two office towers.... Construction is expected to take eight years, he said, meaning the project could be completed by 2032.... The revised plan eliminates those structures but includes a pair of office towers that could be more than 60 stories tall on Eighth Avenue at the corners of 40th and 42nd Streets. Payments from the developers of those buildings would help cover the cost of the project, Mr. Cotton said."</ref>

====Major highways====
[[File:2024-05-30 13 23 32 View south along Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1 and west along the Trans-Manhattan Expressway from the overpass for Amsterdam Avenue in Manhattan, New York City, New York.jpg|thumb|right|[[Interstate 95 in New York#Manhattan|Interstate 95]] is the most prominent highway serving Manhattan, known as the Trans-Manhattan Expressway between the [[George Washington Bridge|George Washington]] and [[Alexander Hamilton Bridge|Alexander Hamilton]] bridges.]]
* {{jct|state=NY|I|78}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|95}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|278}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|478}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|495}}
* {{jct|state=NY|US|9}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|9A}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|495}}

====Taxis====
{{Main|Taxis of New York City}}
New York's iconic yellow [[taxicab]]s, which number 13,087 citywide and must have a medallion authorizing the pickup of street hails, are ubiquitous in the borough.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/html/about/about.shtml About the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612231111/http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/html/about/about.shtml |date=June 12, 2010 }}. Accessed September 4, 2006.</ref> Private [[vehicle for hire]] companies provide significant competition for taxicabs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/nyregion/uber-ride-hailing-new-york-transportation.html |title=The Downside of Ride-Hailing: More New York City Gridlock|author=Winnie Hu|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 6, 2017|access-date=March 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716025725/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/nyregion/uber-ride-hailing-new-york-transportation.html |archive-date=July 16, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bicycles====
{{main|Cycling in New York City}}
According to the [[government of New York City]], Manhattan had 19,676 [[cycling in New York City|bicycle commuters]] in 2017, roughly doubling from its total of 9,613 in 2012.<ref>{{cite web
 | website     = nyc.gov
 | date        = May 2019
 | title       = Cycling in the City: Cycling Trends in NYC – Trends over Time: Commuters by Borough
 | url         = https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/cycling-in-the-city.pdf
 | publisher   = American Community Survey
 | section     =
 | page        = 12
 | access-date = July 29, 2023
}}</ref>

====<span class="anchor" id="Streets"></span><span class="anchor" id="Roads and Streets"></span>Streets and roads====
[[File:Manhattanhenge 2016-07-12-FRD.png|thumb|upright|Tourists observing [[Manhattanhenge]] on [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] on July 12, 2016]]

The [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]] called for twelve numbered "avenues" running north and south roughly parallel to the [[Hudson River]], each {{convert|100|ft|m|-1}} wide, with [[First Avenue (Manhattan)|First Avenue]] on the east side and [[Twelfth Avenue (Manhattan)|Twelfth Avenue]] on the west side.<ref name=MCNY1811/><ref>[[Christopher Gray (architectural historian)|Gray, Christopher]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/realestate/are-manhattans-right-angles-wrong.html "Are Manhattan's Right Angles Wrong?"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 23, 2005. Accessed December 1, 2023. "In 1811, the New York commissioners published their eight-foot-long map, showing 12 main north-south avenues and a dense network of east-west streets for much of Manhattan, with the old angled road of Broadway meandering through."</ref> There are several intermittent avenues east of First Avenue, including four additional lettered avenues running from [[Avenue A (Manhattan)|Avenue A]] eastward to [[Avenue D (Manhattan)|Avenue D]] in an area now known as [[Alphabet City, Manhattan|Alphabet City]].<ref>[[Gouverneur Morris|Morris, Gouverneur]]; [[Simeon De Witt|De Witt, Simeon]]; and [[John Rutherfurd|Rutherfurd, John]] (March 1811) [https://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/nyc1811.htm "Remarks Of The Commissioners For Laying Out Streets And Roads In The City Of New York, Under The Act Of April 3, 1807"], [[Cornell University Library]]. Accessed December 30, 2023. "These are one hundred feet wide, and such of them as can be extended as far north as the village of Harlem are numbered (beginning with the most eastern, which passes from the west of Bellevue Hospital to the east of Harlem Church) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. This last runs from the wharf at Manhattanville nearly along the shore of the Hudson river, in which it is finally lost, as appears by the map. The avenues to the eastward of number one are marked A, B, C, and D."</ref> The numbered streets in Manhattan run east–west, and are generally {{convert|60|ft|m|0}} wide, with about {{convert|200|ft|m|0}} between streets.<ref name=MCNY1811/> The [[Manhattan address algorithm|address algorithm of Manhattan]] is used to estimate the closest east–west cross street for building numbers on north–south avenues.<ref>[https://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2012/02/unlock-the-grid-then-ditch-the-maps-and-apps/ "Unlock the Grid, Then Ditch the Maps and Apps"], Metrofocus. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref>

According to the original Commissioner's Plan, there were [[155th Street (Manhattan)|155]] numbered crosstown streets,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/realestate/23scap.html |title=Are Manhattan's Right Angles Wrong, by Christopher Gray |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 23, 2005 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502035251/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/realestate/23scap.html |archive-date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=live |last1=Gray |first1=Christopher }}</ref> but later the grid was extended up to the northernmost corner of Manhattan Island, where the last numbered street is [[220th Street (Manhattan)|220th Street]], though the grid continues to 228th Street in the borough's [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]] neighborhood.<ref>[https://thegreatestgrid.mcny.org/greatest-grid/north-of-central-park North of Central Park: Revising the Grid], [[Museum of the City of New York]]. Accessed December 1, 2023.</ref><ref name=NYT2002>Boland, Ed Jr. [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/18/nyregion/fyi-414514.html "F.Y.I.: By the Numbers"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 18, 2002. Accessed December 1, 2023. "Q. What is the highest numbered street in New York City?... The highest numbered street in Manhattan is 228th Street, but that is in Marble Hill, a section of Manhattan north of the Harlem River. The highest numbered street on Manhattan Island is 220th Street in Inwood. The northbound numerations that begin in Manhattan continue through the Bronx until New York City meets Yonkers at West 263rd Street."</ref> Fifteen crosstown streets were designated as {{convert|100|ft|m}} wide, including [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th]], [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd]], [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th]] and [[125th Street (Manhattan)|125th]] Streets,<ref>[https://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/nyc1811.htm Remarks of the Commissioners for laying out streets and roads in the City of New York, under the Act of April 3, 1807] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610165318/http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/nyc1811.htm |date=June 10, 2007 }}, [[Cornell University]]. Accessed May 2, 2007. "These streets are all sixty feet wide except fifteen, which are one hundred feet wide, viz.: Numbers fourteen, twenty-three, thirty-four, forty-two, fifty-seven, seventy-two, seventy-nine, eighty-six, ninety-six, one hundred and six, one hundred and sixteen, one hundred and twenty-five, one hundred and thirty-five, one hundred and forty-five, and one hundred and fifty-five—the block or space between them being in general about two hundred feet."</ref> which became some of the borough's most significant transportation and [[shopping]] venues. [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], following the route of a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] trail, is the most notable of many exceptions to the grid, starting at [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]] in Lower Manhattan and continuing north for {{Convert|13|mi}} into the Bronx.<ref>[https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/NY-01-061-9060 Broadway], [[Society of Architectural Historians]]. Accessed December 30, 2023. "Broadway is a 13-mile roadway running from the southern tip to the northernmost point of the island of Manhattan.... Predating the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, Broadway was initially a Native American trading trail running the length of Manhattan. Various indigenous peoples living on the island—including Lenni Lenape, Delaware Lenape, and Wickquasgeck—used the route, known as the Wickquasgeck Trail, to exchange goods with each other."</ref> In much of Midtown Manhattan, Broadway runs at a diagonal to the grid, creating major named intersections at [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]], [[Madison Square]], [[Herald Square]], [[Times Square]], and [[Columbus Circle]].<ref>[https://urbandesignforum.org/grow-the-green-line/ "Grow the Green Line"], Urban Design Forum, February 26, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2023. "Broadway today is an anomaly, unneeded for vehicular traffic, that cuts through a standardized urban form. It is an extra street modulating an otherwise functioning grid. However, it is the only road that connects four of the most important public spaces in the city: Union Square, Madison Square, Herald Square, and Times Square; each found where this diagonal route crosses an avenue and marks a major street."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190616115420/https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/union-square.htm Union Square], [[Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace]]. Accessed December 30, 2023. "New York's famed thoroughfare Broadway is responsible for some of the city's most famous parks. The irregularity of Broadway's span created space for Union Square, Madison Square, Herald Square, Times Square, and Columbus Circle.... Therefore Broadway does not run parallel to the north-south avenues of the grid. Broadway runs diagonally, intersecting other avenues and slicing uniform rectangles into small awkward blocks."</ref>

"Crosstown streets" refers primarily to major east-west streets connecting Manhattan's [[East Side (Manhattan)|East Side]] and [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]]. The trip is notoriously frustrating for drivers because of heavy [[traffic congestion|congestion]] on narrow local streets; absence of express roads other than the [[Trans-Manhattan Expressway]] at the far north end of Manhattan Island; and restricted to very limited crosstown automobile travel within [[Central Park]]. Proposals to build highways traversing the island through Manhattan's densest neighborhoods, namely the [[Mid-Manhattan Expressway]] across [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th Street]] and the [[Lower Manhattan Expressway]] through [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]], failed in the 1960s.<ref>Sagalyn, Lynne B. [https://www.mcny.org/story/cross-manhattan-expressway "The Cross Manhattan Expressway"], [[Museum of the City of New York]], November 14, 2016. Accessed January 3, 2024. "In 1959, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, under the control and direction of New York City's 'master builder' Robert Moses, put forth ambitious plans for two expressways crossing Manhattan. These elevated highways would cut through neighborhoods and across the island, connecting New York with its wider metropolitan region.... Moses was particularly dedicated to pushing the Lower Manhattan Expressway through after another plan for Mid-Manhattan failed.... The citizen-led opposition campaign that led to the high-profile defeat of the Lower Manhattan Expressway in 1967 saved the neighborhood of SoHo and triggered a new, broader appreciation for preservation in areas that were of historical significance for cultural and economic reasons."</ref><ref>[https://digital.hagley.org/PAM_99349 ''Cross Manhattan arterials and related improvements''], [[Hagley Digital Archives]], published November 12, 1959. Accessed January 3, 2024.</ref> In New York City, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present, significantly shaping traffic patterns in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.safeny.ny.gov/roadrule.htm | title=Rules of the Road}}</ref>

Another consequence of the strict grid plan of most of Manhattan, and the grid's skew of approximately 28.9&nbsp;degrees, is a phenomenon sometimes referred to as [[Manhattanhenge]] (by analogy with [[Stonehenge]]).<ref name=Manhattanhenge>{{cite news | last=Silverman | first=Justin Rocket | title=Sunny delight in city sight | newspaper=[[Newsday]] | date=May 27, 2006 | url=http://www.newsday.com/news/sunny-delight-in-city-sight-1.502140 | quote='Manhattanhenge' occurs Sunday, a day when a happy coincidence of urban planning and astrophysics results in the setting sun lining up exactly with every east-west street in the borough north of 14th Street. Similar to Stonehenge, which is directly aligned with the summer-solstice sun, "Manhattanhenge" catches the sun descending in perfect alignment between buildings. The local phenomenon occurs twice a year, on May 28 and July 12... | access-date=May 11, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803194424/https://www.newsday.com/news/sunny-delight-in-city-sight-1.502140 | archive-date=August 3, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> On May 28 and July 12, the sunset is aligned with the street grid lines, with the result that the sun is visible at or near the western horizon from street level.<ref name=Manhattanhenge/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/city_of_stars/19_sunset_34th.html |title=Special Feature—City of Stars: Sunset on 34th Street Along the Manhattan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516005443/http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/city_of_stars/19_sunset_34th.html |archive-date=May 16, 2008 |work=[[Natural History (magazine)|Natural History]] |access-date=September 4, 2006 }}</ref> A similar phenomenon occurs with the sunrise on the eastern horizon on December 5 and January 8.<ref>Morris, Hugh. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/new-york/articles/what-is-manhattanhenge-and-where-best-when-does-it-happen/ "Manhattanhenge is coming: what is it, and how can I see it?"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', May 31, 2019. Accessed December 30, 2023. "It is worth noting that the time when the rising sun aligns with Manhattan's streets, around December 5 and January 8, on either side of the winter solstice, is also known as Manhattanhenge but nobody seems that fussed about it. Poor Winter"</ref>

The [[FDR Drive]] and [[Harlem River Drive]], both designed by controversial New York master planner [[Robert Moses]],<ref>Kennicott, Philip. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/09/AR2007030900449.html "A Builder Who Went to Town: Robert Moses Shaped Modern New York, for Better and for Worse"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221818/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/09/AR2007030900449.html |date=July 21, 2018 }}, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', March 11, 2007. Accessed April 30, 2007. "The list of his accomplishments is astonishing: seven bridges, 15 expressways, 16 parkways, the West Side Highway and the Harlem River Drive..."</ref> comprise a single, long [[limited-access highway|limited-access]] [[Parkway (New York)|parkway]] skirting the east side of Manhattan along the [[East River]] and [[Harlem River]] south of [[Dyckman Street]]. The [[Henry Hudson Parkway]] is the corresponding parkway on the West Side north of [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Street]].

{{See also|List of numbered streets in Manhattan|List of eponymous streets in New York City}}

====Bridges, tunnels, and ferries====
[[File:2016 One World Observatory view southsoutheast towards Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges.jpg|thumb|The [[Brooklyn Bridge]] (on right) and [[Manhattan Bridge]] (on left), two of three bridges that connect [[Lower Manhattan]] with [[Brooklyn]] over the [[East River]].]]

Being primarily an island, Manhattan is linked to New York City's outer boroughs by bridges. Manhattan has fixed [[highway]] connections with [[New Jersey]] to its west by way of the [[George Washington Bridge]], the [[Holland Tunnel]], and the [[Lincoln Tunnel]], and to three of the four other New York City boroughs—[[the Bronx]] to the northeast, and [[Brooklyn]] and [[Queens]] (both on [[Long Island]]) to the east and south. Its only direct connection with the fifth New York City borough, [[Staten Island]], is the free [[Staten Island Ferry]] across [[New York Harbor]], located near [[Battery Park (New York)|Battery Park]] at Manhattan's southern tip. It is also possible to travel on land to Staten Island by way of Brooklyn, via the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]].

The 14-lane George Washington Bridge, the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge,<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html |access-date=September 13, 2013 |title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey&nbsp;– George Washington Bridge |publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920192211/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html |archive-date=September 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=abcgwb>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|author1=Bod Woodruff|author2=Lana Zak|author3=Stephanie Wash|name-list-style=amp|work=ABC News|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=September 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928002159/http://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> connects [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]], in [[Upper Manhattan]] to [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] in [[New Jersey]].<ref>Lynn, Kathleen. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/04/realestate/fort-lee-nj-like-being-in-the-city-without-being-in-the-city.html "Fort Lee, N.J.: 'Like Being in the City Without Being in the City'"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 4, 2023. Accessed December 4, 2023.</ref> There are numerous bridges to the Bronx across the [[Harlem River]], and five (listed north to south)—the [[Triborough Bridge|Triborough]] (known officially as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge), [[Queensboro Bridge|Ed Koch Queensboro]] (also known as the 59th Street Bridge), [[Williamsburg Bridge|Williamsburg]], [[Manhattan Bridge|Manhattan]], and [[Brooklyn Bridge]]s—that cross the [[East River]] to connect Manhattan to Long Island.<ref>Sharif, Mo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429221316/https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/mayjune-2005/protecting-new-york-citys-bridge-assets "Protecting New York City's Bridge Assets"], [[Federal Highway Administration]] ''Public Roads'', May / June 2005. Accessed December 4, 2023.</ref>

Several tunnels also link Manhattan Island to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey. The [[Lincoln Tunnel]], which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and [[Midtown Manhattan]], is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/lincoln/|title=Lincoln Tunnel Historic Overview|publisher=Eastern Roads|access-date=August 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609143937/http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/lincoln/|archive-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and [[cargo ship]]s that sail through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The [[Holland Tunnel]], connecting Lower Manhattan to [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Holland Tunnel |work=National Historic Landmark Quicklinks |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure |access-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011542/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure |archive-date=June 29, 2014 }}</ref> The [[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]], built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queens-midtown/|title=Queens-Midtown Tunnel Historic Overview|publisher=Eastern Roads|access-date=August 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609162348/http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queens-midtown/|archive-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was the first person to drive through it.<ref>{{cite news|title=President the 'First' to Use Midtown Tube; Precedence at Opening Denied Hundreds of Motorists|work=The New York Times|date= November 9, 1940|page= 19}}</ref> The [[Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel]] runs underneath [[The Battery (Manhattan)|Battery Park]] and connects the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] at the southern tip of Manhattan to [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] in Brooklyn.

Several ferry services operate between New Jersey and Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/help-center/ferries.html|title=Ferry Transportation|publisher=Eastern Roads|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215210528/https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/help-center/ferries.html|archive-date=February 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> These ferries mainly serve midtown, Battery Park City, and Wall Street.

====Heliports====
Manhattan has three public heliports: the [[East 34th Street Heliport]] (also known as the Atlantic Metro-port), owned by New York City and run by the [[New York City Economic Development Corporation]] (NYCEDC); the [[Downtown Manhattan Heliport|Port Authority Downtown Manhattan/Wall Street Heliport]], owned by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] and run by the NYCEDC; and the [[West 30th Street Heliport]], owned by the Hudson River Park Trust.<ref>{{cite web|website=NYCTourist.com|url=http://www.nyctourist.com/heliports_helicopter_airport_transportation.htm|title=New York City Heliports, Helicopter Airport Transportation Services, Downtown Manhattan Heliport|access-date=October 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004114114/http://www.nyctourist.com/heliports_helicopter_airport_transportation.htm|archive-date=October 4, 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

===Utilities===
Gas and electric service is provided by [[Consolidated Edison]]. Manhattan witnessed the doubling of its [[natural gas]] supply when a new [[gas pipeline]] opened on November 1, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-11-05/a-natural-gas-line-reaches-new-york-city|title=Cheap Natural Gas Hits New York City|author=Matthew Philips|publisher=BloombergBusinessweek|date=November 5, 2013|access-date=August 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822030922/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-11-05/a-natural-gas-line-reaches-new-york-city|archive-date=August 22, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Con Edison steam operations|Con Edison operates]] the world's largest [[District heating|district steam]] system, which consists of {{convert|105|mi|km}} of steam pipes, providing steam for heating, hot water, and air conditioning<ref>Ray, C. Claiborne. [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/12/science/q-a-931992.html "Q&A"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070800/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/12/science/q-a-931992.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 12, 1992. Accessed June 30, 2009. "In a steam-powered system, the whole cycle of compression, cooling, expansion and evaporation takes place in a closed system, like that in a refrigerator or electrical air-conditioner. The difference, Mr. Sarno said, is that the mechanical power to run the compressor comes from steam-powered turbines, not electrical motors."</ref> by some 1,800 Manhattan customers.<ref>[http://www.coned.com/history/steam.asp A brief history of con edison: steam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312062632/http://www.coned.com/history/steam.asp |date=March 12, 2006 }}, [[Consolidated Edison]]. Accessed May 16, 2007.</ref> Cable service is provided by [[Time Warner Cable]] and telephone service is provided by [[Verizon Communications]], although [[AT&T]] is available as well.

The [[New York City Department of Sanitation]] is responsible for garbage removal.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/html/about/about.shtml About DSNY] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523110528/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/html/about/about.shtml |date=May 23, 2007 }}, [[New York City Department of Sanitation]]. Accessed May 16, 2007.</ref> The bulk of the city's trash is disposed at mega-dumps in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, and Ohio (via transfer stations in New Jersey, Brooklyn and Queens) since the 2001 closure of the [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] on [[Staten Island]].<ref>Burger, Michael and Stewart, Christopher. [http://www.gothamgazette.com/iotw/garbage/ "Garbage After Fresh Kills"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216161617/http://www.gothamgazette.com/iotw/garbage/ |date=February 16, 2010 }}, ''[[Gotham Gazette]]'', January 28, 2001. Accessed May 16, 2007.</ref> A small amount of trash processed at transfer sites in New Jersey is sometimes incinerated at [[waste-to-energy]] facilities.

New York City has the largest clean-air diesel-[[hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] and [[compressed natural gas]] bus fleet, which also operates in Manhattan, in the country. It also has some of the first hybrid taxis, most of which operate in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.sierraclub.org/pressroom/releases/pr2005-07-01a.asp |title= New York City's Yellow Cabs Go Green |publisher= [[Sierra Club]] |date= July 1, 2005 |access-date= December 20, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090107223735/http://www.sierraclub.org/pressroom/releases/pr2005-07-01a.asp |archive-date= January 7, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Health care===
{{Main|List of hospitals in New York City#Manhattan}}

There are many hospitals in Manhattan, including two of the 25 largest in the United States (as of 2017):<ref>Gooch, Kelly. [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/lists/25-largest-hospitals-in-americajan-18.html "25 largest hospitals in America"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218134637/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/lists/25-largest-hospitals-in-americajan-18.html |date=February 18, 2020 }}, ''Becker Hospital Review'', January 18, 2017. Accessed May 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Bellevue Hospital]]
* [[Lenox Hill Hospital]]
* [[Lower Manhattan Hospital]]
* [[Metropolitan Hospital Center]]
* [[Mount Sinai Beth Israel|Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital]] (closed, April 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-09 |title=Mount Sinai Beth Israel in East Village officially closes after judge dismisses bid to stay open |url=https://abc7ny.com/post/mount-sinai-beth-israel-east-village-officially-closes-judge-dismisses-community-group-bid-stay-open/16148740/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=ABC7 New York |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)|Mount Sinai Hospital]]
* [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]]
* [[NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem]]
* [[NYU Langone Medical Center]]

===Water purity and availability===
{{main|Food and water in New York City|New York City water supply system}}

New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected [[Catskill Mountains]] watershed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml |title=Current Reservoir Levels |publisher=New York City Department of Environmental Protection |access-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707050306/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed [[water purification|natural water filtration system]], New York is one of only four major cities in the US with a majority of drinking water pure enough not to require [[water treatment]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lustgarten |first=Abrahm |title=City's Drinking Water Feared Endangered; $10B Cost Seen |work=The New York Sun |date=August 6, 2008 |url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/ |access-date=August 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820001437/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/ |archive-date=August 20, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Croton Falls Reservoir|Croton Watershed]] north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2&nbsp;billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290&nbsp;million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's water availability.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/nyregion/a-quiet-milestone-in-a-project-to-bring-croton-water-back-to-new-york.html |title=Quiet Milestone in Project to Bring Croton Water Back to New York City |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200642/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/nyregion/a-quiet-milestone-in-a-project-to-bring-croton-water-back-to-new-york.html |archive-date=July 17, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Water comes to Manhattan through the [[New York City water supply system#Tunnels|tunnels 1 and 2]], and in the future through [[New York City Water Tunnel No. 3|Tunnel No. 3]], begun in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/new-water-tunnel-can-provide-water-for-all-of-manhattan.html |title=After Decades, a Water Tunnel Can Now Serve All of Manhattan|author-first1=Matt|author-last1=Flegenheimer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 16, 2013|access-date=August 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200654/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/new-water-tunnel-can-provide-water-for-all-of-manhattan.html |archive-date=July 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[History of New York City]]
* [[List of Manhattan neighborhoods]]
* [[List of people from Manhattan]]
* [[Manhattanhenge]]
* [[Manhattanization]]
* [[Manhattoe]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan]]
* [[Sawing-off of Manhattan Island]]
* [[Timeline of New York City]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

{{Clear}}

== References ==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{Refbegin}}
* Burke, Katie. ed. ''Manhattan Memories: A Book of Postcards of Old New York'' (2000); Postcards lacking the (c) symbol are in the public domain.
* Jackson, Kenneth T. and David S. Dunbar, eds. ''Empire City: New York Through the Centuries'' (2005), 1015 pages of [https://www.amazon.com/Empire-City-York-Through-Centuries/dp/0231109091/ excerpts]
* Still, Bayrd, ed. ''Mirror for Gotham: New York as Seen by Contemporaries from Dutch Days to the Present'' (New York University Press, 1956)
* Virga, Vincent, ed. ''Historic Maps and Views of New York'' (2008)
* Stokes, I.N. Phelps. ''The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909 compiled from original sources and illustrated by photo-intaglio reproductions of important maps plans views and documents in public and private collections '' (6 vols., 1915–28). A highly detailed, heavily illustrated chronology of Manhattan and New York City. see [[The Iconography of Manhattan Island]] All volumes are on line free at:
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofman01stok#page/n13/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 1. 1915] v. 1. The period of discovery (1524–1609); the Dutch period (1609–1664). The English period (1664–1763). The Revolutionary period (1763–1783). Period of adjustment and reconstruction; New York as the state and federal capital (1783–1811)
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofma_02stok#page/n13/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 2. 1916] v. 2. Cartography: an essay on the development of knowledge regarding the geography of the east coast of North America; Manhattan Island and its environs on early maps and charts / by F.C. Wieder and I.N. Phelps Stokes. The Manatus maps. The Castello plan. The Dutch grants. Early New York newspapers (1725–1811). Plan of Manhattan Island in 1908
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofman_b03stok#page/n11/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 3. 1918] v. 3. The War of 1812 (1812–1815). Period of invention, prosperity, and progress (1815–1841). Period of industrial and educational development (1842–1860). The Civil War (1861–1865); period of political and social development (1865–1876). The modern city and island (1876–1909)
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofman_a04stok#page/n13/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 4. 1922]; v. 4. The period of discovery (565–1626); the Dutch period (1626–1664). The English period (1664–1763). The Revolutionary period, part I (1763–1776)
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofman05stok#page/n13/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 5. 1926]; v. 5. The Revolutionary period, part II (1776–1783). Period of adjustment and reconstruction New York as the state and federal capital (1783–1811). The War of 1812 (1812–1815); period of invention, prosperity, and progress (1815–1841). Period of industrial and educational development (1842–1860). The Civil War (1861–1865); Period of political and social development (1865–1876). The modern city and island (1876–1909)
** [https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofman06stok#page/n13/mode/2up I.N. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 6. 1928]; v. 6. Chronology: addenda. Original grants and farms. Bibliography. Index.
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
{{col div|colwidth=45em}}
* [[Ric Burns|Burns, Ric]], and [[James Sanders (architect)|Sanders, James]]. ''New York: An Illustrated History'' (2003), book version of 17-hour Burns [[PBS]] documentary, ''[[New York: A Documentary Film]]''
* {{cite gotham|ref=none}}, The standard scholarly history, 1390pp
* Ellis, Edward Robb. ''The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History'' (2004) 640pp; [https://www.amazon.com/The-Epic-New-York-City/dp/0786714360/ Excerpt and text search]; Popular history concentrating on violent events & scandals
* Homberger, Eric. ''The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History'' (2005)
* {{cite enc-nyc2|ref=none}}
* Kouwenhoven, John Atlee. ''The Columbia Historical Portrait of New York: An Essay in Graphic History''. (1953)
* Lankevich, George J. ''New York City: A Short History'' (2002)
* McCully, Betsy. ''City at the Water's Edge: A Natural History of New York'' (2005), environmental history [https://www.amazon.com/CITY-AT-WATERS-EDGE-Natural/dp/B0085XRE08/ excerpt and text search]
* Reitano, Joanne. ''The Restless City: A Short History of New York from Colonial Times to the Present'' (2010), Popular history with focus on politics and riots [https://www.amazon.com/The-Restless-City-History-Colonial/dp/0415880149/ excerpt and text search]
* [[Martin Filler|Filler, Martin]] (April 2015). ''[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/apr/02/new-york-conspicuous-construction/ New York: Conspicuous Construction].'' Analysis of architectural and social aspects of "ultra-luxury towers ... the smokestack-like protuberances that now disrupt the skyline of midtown Manhattan." ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* Story, Louise and Saul, Stephanie (February 2015). ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/nyregion/stream-of-foreign-wealth-flows-to-time-warner-condos.html Towers of Secrecy].'' A series of 6 articles "examining people behind shell companies buying high-end real estate" in midtown Manhattan. Part 1: Time Warner Center: Symbol of the Boom,&nbsp;Part 2: The Mysterious Malaysian Financier,&nbsp;Part 3: The Besieged Indian Builder,&nbsp;Part 4: The Mexican Power Brokers,&nbsp;Part 5: The Russian Minister and Friends,&nbsp;Summary: The Hidden Money Buying Up New York Real Estate. ''[[The New York Times]]''
{{col div end}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category|Manhattan|Manhattan}}
{{Wikivoyage|Manhattan}}

===Local government and services===
* [http://www.mbpo.org/ Manhattan Borough President official site]
* [http://www.nyc.gov/ New York City Government with links to Manhattan specific agencies]

===Maps===
* Maps of [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?manhattan-heights Building Heights] and [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?manhattan-value Land Value], plus [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?manhattan-dev theoretical] and [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?manhattan-far zoning-based maps of underdevelopment], all from Radicalcartography.net
* Historical:
** [http://bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/NY.1729.html 1729 map of Manhattan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812125529/http://bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/NY.1729.html |date=August 12, 2011 }}
** William J. Broad, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/science/30manh.html Why They Called It the Manhattan Project], ''The New York Times'', October 2007. Ten sites in Manhattan that helped to build the first atomic bomb in the 1940s
** [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10076 Manhattan Lying on the North River] by [[Joan Vinckeboons]], 1639, from the [[World Digital Library]]

{{Manhattan}}
{{Museums in Manhattan}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
{{New York City}}
{{Manhattan}}
{{Financial District, Manhattan|state=collapsed}}
{{New York City Islands}}
{{New York metropolitan area}}
{{Central Park}}
{{New York}}
{{Hudson River}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{portal bar|World|United States|New York (state)|New York City}}

[[Category:1624 establishments in North America]]
[[Category:1624 establishments in the Dutch Empire]]
[[Category:Boroughs of New York City]]
[[Category:County seats in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Establishments in New Netherland]]
[[Category:Former cities in New York City]]
[[Category:Former towns in New York City]]
[[Category:Former villages in New York City]]
[[Category:Islands of Manhattan]]
[[Category:Islands of New York City]]
[[Category:Islands of the Hudson River]]
[[Category:Majority-minority counties in New York]]
[[Category:Manhattan| ]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1624]]
[[Category:River islands of New York (state)]]