View source for Manx Labour Party

{{short description|Political party on the Isle of Man}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Manx Labour Party
| native_name      = Yn Partee Obbraghys Manninagh
| logo             = Manx Labour Party logo.png
| logo_size        = 175
| colorcode        = {{party color|Manx Labour Party}}
| leader           = [[Joney Faragher]] [[Member of the House of Keys|MHK]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/joney-faragher-elected-as-new-leader-of-manx-labour-party/|title=Joney Faragher elected as new leader of Manx Labour Party|date=28 June 2020|location=[[Manx Radio]]|website=manxradio.com}}</ref>
| leader2_title    = Chair
| leader2_name     = [[Sarah Maltby]] [[Member of the House of Keys|MHK]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manxlabourparty.com/2020/06/28/manx-labour-party-announce-new-leader/|title= Manx Labour Party announce new leader|publisher=Manx Labour Party|date=28 June 2020}}</ref>
| foundation       = {{start date|1918|9|7|df=y}}
| membership_year  = 2018
| membership       = {{increase}} 55<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/manx-labour-party-is-far-from-a-one-man-band/|title='Manx Labour Party is far from a one man band'|publisher=Manx Radio|date=27 September 2018|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
| ideology         = [[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/man.html|title=Isle of Man/UK|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2016|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|access-date=28 September 2018|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108143215/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/man.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| headquarters     = [[Douglas, Isle of Man]]
| seats1_title     = [[House of Keys]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
| colours          = {{colour box|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}} Red
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|11|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|Legislative Council]]
| website          = {{url|https://www.manxlabourparty.com/}}
| country          = the Isle of Man
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|3|12|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Douglas Borough Council]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|2|7|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Onchan|Onchan District Commissioners]]
| affiliation1_title = British affiliation
| affiliation1     = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
}}

The '''Manx Labour Party''' is a [[List of political parties on the Isle of Man|political party]] on the [[Isle of Man]] that was founded in 1918.

==Policies==

The Manx Labour Party published a manifesto of policies in 2021. It proposed increasing government spending on education to a minimum of 4% of [[GDP]], stated opposition to privatisation of the healthcare sector, and supported increasing the statutory minimum wage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manx Labour Party Manifesto – Manx Labour Party|url=https://www.manxlabourparty.com/2021/05/17/manx-labour-party-manifesto/|access-date=2021-10-25|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==History==
The Manx Labour Party was formed in 1918, making it the first organised political party on the island. It's founders were [[Christopher R. Shimmin]], Alfred James Teare, and [[James Robinson Corrin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Request Rejected |url=https://imuseum.im/search/collections/people/mnh-agent-28468.html |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=imuseum.im}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Request Rejected |url=https://imuseum.im/search/collections/people/mnh-agent-94353.html |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=imuseum.im}}</ref> Its formation was prompted by the high level of indirect taxation as a proportion of the [[Isle of Man Government]]'s income, the relatively low wages, and the lack of social legislation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manx Labour Party o —|url=https://www.imuseum.im/Olive/APA/IsleofMan/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=PCG/1919/02/15&id=Ar00409&sk=45F22320&viewMode=image|access-date=2021-10-25|website=www.imuseum.im}}</ref> The founders of the party saw that as being unfair to the poorest in society and wanted to increase the reliance on income taxation instead, and to introduce social legislation such as old age pensions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transceltic.com/manx/manx-general-strike-1918|title = The Manx General Strike 1918|date = 25 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="oxford682">{{cite web|url=http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/55/4/682|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415152512/http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/55/4/682|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 April 2013|title=Government in the Isle of Man: Tynwald and the Manx Council of Ministers -- Kermode 55 (4): 682 -- Parliamentary Affairs|publisher=pa.oxfordjournals.org|access-date=6 March 2008}}</ref> Christopher R. Shimmin, a founder of the MLP, had written in 1915; "In Manxland there is no state insurance, no worker's compensation, no factory laws, and for the aged worker, when poor and feebly tottering to the grave, no old age pension. Rightly has the Isle of Man been called "A paradise for the rich but a purgatory for the poor".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.culturevannin.im/media//PDF/Christopher%20Shimmin%20-%20Sketches%20from%20Manx%20History%20%5BChiollagh%20Books%5D.pdf |title=Sketches from Manx History (2015) |website=ulturevannin.im}}</ref>

The Manx Labour Party had its roots in the [[Chartism|Chartist movement]] on the Isle of Man, the union movement, various reforming organisations such as the Manx Reform League, and a culture of debating societies and self-education societies focused around the Island's various churches. Like similar parties in neighbouring countries, the MLP's influences were more Methodist than Marxist.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fyson |first1=Robert |date=2016|title=The Struggle for Manx Democracy |publisher=Culture Vannin }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Norris |first1=Samuel |date=1994 |title=Manx Memories and Movements: a Journalist's Recollections |publisher=Manx Heritage Foundation |location=Douglas, Isle of Man.}}</ref>

The election of 1919 which brought Manx Labour MHKs into Tynwald followed increasing pressure for reform from the working and middle classes during WW1. The Manx general strike of 1918 was in support of a bread subsidy to be paid for through by income tax, to counter the high food prices caused by wartime shortages, and a widespread lack of household income caused by the collapse of the Island's visiting industry. Meanwhile, Tynwald was receiving substantial payments from the UK for hosting WW1 internment camps. The strike started on 4 July and forced Governor Raglan to cancel the 1918 Tynwald Day ceremony. Raglan eventually backed down over the bread subsidy, and subsequently left the Island on long term sick leave. Alf Teare, founder of the Manx branch of the Workers’ Union and one of the leaders of the strike, was described in 1918 as ‘the most powerful man on the Island.’ It was a remarkable testament to the reversal of fortunes which wartime conditions had produced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imuseum.im/the-manx-general-strike-of-1918/|title = » the Manx General Strike of 1918 iMuseum}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Norris |first1=Samuel |date=1994 |title=Manx Memories and Movements: a Journalist's Recollections |publisher=Manx Heritage Foundation |location=Douglas, Isle of Man.}}</ref>

Between 1919, when Labour Party candidates stood in every constituency on the island bar one, and 1946, the party won between four and seven seats in the [[House of Keys]].

In 1920 the new Tynwald started a programme of social reform. In 1920 Old Age pensions were introduced, a National Health Insurance Act was passed, a new Education Act was passed, and a school medical service established. In 1921 a Shop Hours Act was passed, and a winter works scheme was set up, to do works such as building promenades. Unemployment was higher in winter as most of the tourist industry, agriculture and fishing work was in the summer season. From 1922 to 1924 a housing programme was extended across the Island.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Skillicorn |first1=Patricia |date=2016|title=The Hammer of Thor: The impact of the 1st World War (1914-1918) on the people of the Isle of Man |publisher=Culture Vannin |location=Douglas, Isle of Man.}}</ref>

In 1933 [[Marion Shimmin]] of the MLP was the first woman MHK ever elected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tynwald.org.im/education/history/roh/Pages/Patriots/Shimmin-Marion.aspx|title=Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - Marion Shimmin}}</ref> She was the widow of recently deceased [[Christopher R. Shimmin]], and replaced him as MHK for Peel.

At the 1946 election the party had high hopes of emulating the British Labour Party's success in the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 UK general election]] and contested the election on a staunchly [[Socialism|socialist]] manifesto. The party contested every seat in the House of Keys except the Speaker's seat, but won only two. During the 1950s and 1960s the party made a limited recovery, but it has never been able to achieve the level of representation it had before 1946.

Since its founding, the Manx Labour Party had campaigned every election on a policy of nationalising land, transport and public utilities. However, after the party's defeat in the 1946 general election Manx Labour stopped campaigning on any policy of nationalisation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Nick |title=The Manx Divergence: How and Why Organised Labour Differed in the Isle of Man Compared to the United Kingdom during the Post-War Period |publisher=University of Chester |year=2022 |location=Manx National Heritage Library and Archives |pages=41 |type=Bachelor's dissertation}}</ref> This was formalised in 1994 when the party changed Clause IIIb of its constitution, the party's equivalent to [[Clause IV]] of the UK [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]. While the original version of Clause IIIb called for the 'common ownership of the means of production', the 1994 rewrite called for the party 'to promote the political, social, and economic emancipation of the people of the Isle of Man and to fight against social injustice and intolerance.' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Macintyre |first=Donald |date=9 October 1994 |title=Labour party unveils new 'Clause Four' |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/labour-party-unveils-new-clause-four-1441994.html |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref>

In the 2001 election, the party polled the highest percentage of votes (17.3%) among the parties standing, and two of its three candidates won seats. However, independent candidates won the vast bulk of the votes and seats at the election, and the  political pressure group, [[Alliance for Progressive Government]], won more seats (three), despite getting a smaller share of the vote (14.6%).

The Manx Labour Party has had continuous influence in Tynwald while it had members there, as MLP members were appointed as ministers and board chairmen as a matter of course. This is part of the Island's manner of politics which has usually been based on coalition and consensus in modern times, with most Tynwald members having some administrative responsibility.

The [[Liberal Vannin Party]] was founded by [[Peter Karran]] who was, until 2004, a Member of the House of Keys for the Manx Labour Party.

[[David Cretney]] was the only Manx Labour Party candidate to successfully stand in the 2011 general election.

In March 2013 Michael Ronald Coleman, who had previously failed in his bid to be popularly elected to the House of Keys in the 2006 general election (16.3% of the poll), was made a member of the Legislative Council.

Since 2015 former MHK David Cretney was a member of the Legislative council, giving the party its second seat, until his tenure ended in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - CRETNEY David Clifford, MLC|url=https://www.tynwald.org.im/memoff/former/FormerBiogs/CretneyDC.aspx|access-date=5 December 2020|website=www.tynwald.org.im}}</ref>

Michael Coleman's tenure ended in March 2018, leaving David Cretney as the party's sole representative, until his tenure ended in February 2020.

In 2018 Manx Labour was a founding member of the Isle of Man Climate Change Coalition following the [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|IPCC report of that year]] calling for urgent action.

Joney Faragher was elected as the new leader and Sarah Maltby as the new Chair of the Manx Labour Party on Saturday 27 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joney Faragher elected as new leader of Manx Labour Party|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/joney-faragher-elected-as-new-leader-of-manx-labour-party/|access-date=5 December 2020|website=Manx Radio|language=en}}</ref>

==Election results==

===Local government===

The party's electoral renaissance began in October 2020 when Devon Watson and Samuel Hamer won both available seats in the Derby Ward by-election for Douglas Borough Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manx Labour secure double victory in Derby Ward|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/manx-labour-secure-double-victory-in-derby-ward/|access-date=5 December 2020|website=Manx Radio|language=en}}</ref>

{{Election box begin no change|title=Derby Ward by-election, 15 October 2020}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Manx Labour Party
|candidate  = Devon Watson ''(elected)''
|votes      = 305
|percentage = 62.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Manx Labour Party
|candidate  = Samuel Hamer ''(elected)''
|votes      = 251
|percentage = 51.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Amanda Walker
|votes      = 230
|percentage = 46.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Liberal Vannin Party
|candidate  = Alan Buck
|votes      = 95
|percentage = 19.4
}}
{{Election box majority no change|
  |votes      = 54
  |percentage = 11.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |votes      = 490
  |percentage = 19.6 
}}
{{Election box rejected no change
  |votes      = 5
  |percentage = 1.0 
}}
{{Election box end}}

The 2021 Local Authority elections were contested by Devon Watson, Samuel Hamer and Peter Washington in Douglas and Fenella Logan in Onchan. Devon Watson and Peter Washington were elected to Douglas Borough Council, and Fenella Logan was elected as an Onchan Commissioner.

===House of Keys===

For the [[2021 Manx general election|2021 general election]] the party put forward three candidates. [[Joney Faragher]] in [[Douglas East]] and [[Sarah Maltby]] in [[Douglas South]] both topped their respective polls, while Gareth Young in [[Garff]] came a credible third with 1021 votes.

{{Election box begin no change|title=[[Douglas East]] election, 23 September 2021}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Manx Labour Party
|candidate  = [[Joney Faragher]] ''(elected)''
|votes      = 741
|percentage = 63.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Clare Barber ''(elected)''
|votes      = 692
|percentage = 59.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Liberal Vannin Party
|candidate  = Michael Josem
|votes      = 508
|percentage = 43.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Jon Joughin
|votes      = 477
|percentage = 40.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Peter Gilmore
|votes      = 313
|percentage = 26.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Amanda Walker
|votes      = 217
|percentage = 18.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Christine Urquart
|votes      = 152
|percentage = 13.0
}}
{{Election box majority no change|
  |votes      = 49
  |percentage = 4.2
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |votes      = 1172
  |percentage = 32 
}}
{{Election box rejected no change
  |votes      = 2
  |percentage = 0.1 
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change|title=[[Douglas South]] election, 23 September 2021}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Manx Labour Party
|candidate  = [[Sarah Maltby]] ''(elected)''
|votes      = 1244
|percentage = 54.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Claire Christian ''(elected)''
|votes      = 1242
|percentage = 54.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Paul Quine
|votes      = 1094
|percentage = 47.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party      = Independent (politician)
|candidate  = Gerard Higgins
|votes      = 552
|percentage = 24.0
}}
{{Election box majority no change|
  |votes      = 2
  |percentage = 4.2
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |votes      = 2295
  |percentage = 42.8
}}
{{Election box rejected no change
  |votes      = 4
  |percentage = 0.1 
}}
{{Election box end}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[House of Keys]]
! Election
! Votes
! %
! Seats
|-
![[1919 Manx general election|1919]]
|8,675
|21.61%
|{{Composition bar|4|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
![[1924 Manx general election|1924]]
|12,744 {{Increase}}
|28.0% {{Increase}}
|{{Composition bar|6|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
![[1929 Manx general election|1929]] 
|7,573 {{Decrease}}
|18.9% {{Decrease}}
|{{Composition bar|7|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
![[1934 Manx general election|1934]]
|12,072 {{Increase}}
|23.9% {{Increase}}
|{{Composition bar|5|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1946
<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 1946 |title=Election Bombshells for Labour! |pages=1 |work=Isle of Man Examiner}}</ref>
|18,860 {{Increase}}
|31.46% {{Increase}}
|{{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1951
<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 1951 |title=The New House of Keys |pages=4 |work=Isle of Man Examiner}}</ref>
|19,164 {{Increase}}
|33.3% {{Increase}}
|{{Composition bar|6|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1956
<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 November 1956 |title=Seven New Members in House of Keys |pages=1 |work=Mona's Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 1956 |title=Last of the Elections |pages=5 |work=Isle of Man Times}}</ref>
|6,632{{ref|a}} {{Decrease}}
|16.8% {{Decrease}}
|{{Composition bar|5|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1962
<ref>{{Cite book |last=David |first=Kermode |title=Offshore Island Politics: The Constitutional and Political Development of the Isle of Man in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-85323-787-5 |location=Liverpool |pages=221}}</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|6|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1966
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 223</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1971
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 225</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1976
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 228</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|3|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1981
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 313</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|3|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1986
<ref>Kermode, 2001, pp. 317-318</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|3|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
!1991
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 321</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|3|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[1996 Manx General Election|1996]]
<ref>Kermode, 2001, p. 324</ref>
|
|
|{{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[2001 Manx general election|2001]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,261 {{increase}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 9.1% {{increase}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[2006 Manx general election|2006]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,561 {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 5.0% {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[2011 Manx general election|2011]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,749 {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.1% {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[2016 Manx general election|2016]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 773 {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1.4% {{decrease}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Composition bar|0|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|-
! [[2021 Manx general election|2021]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,006 {{increase}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 5.1% {{increase}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Composition bar|2|24|{{party color|Manx Labour Party}}}}
|}

==References==
{{Portal|Socialism}}
{{reflist|2}}

:

== Notes ==

: 1.{{note|a}}There was no contest in South Douglas. The two Manx Labour candidates were elected unopposed.
{{Manx political parties}}

[[Category:Labour parties]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Socialism in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1918]]
[[Category:1918 establishments in the Isle of Man]]