View source for Marc Lalonde

{{Short description|Canadian politician (1929–2023)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix   = [[The Honourable]]
| name               = Marc Lalonde
| honorific-suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|OC|KC|size=100%}}
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| smallimage         = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| office             = [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start         = September 10, 1982
| term_end           = September 16, 1984
| primeminister      = {{plainlist|
* [[Pierre Trudeau]]
* [[John Turner]]
}}
| predecessor        = [[Allan MacEachen]]
| successor          = [[Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)|Michael Wilson]]
| order2             =  <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
| office2            = [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources]]
| term_start2        = March 3, 1980
| term_end2          = September 9, 1982
| primeminister2     = Pierre Trudeau
| predecessor2       = [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| successor2         = [[Jean Chrétien]]
| office3            = [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada]]
| term_start3        = November 24, 1978
| term_end3          = June 3, 1979
| primeminister3     = Pierre Trudeau
| predecessor3       = [[Otto Lang]]
| successor3         = [[Jacques Flynn]]
| office4            = [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] {{nobold|(Federal-Provincial Relations)}}
| term_start4        = September 16, 1977
| term_end4          = November 23, 1978
| primeminister4     = Pierre Trudeau
| predecessor4       = ''New office''
| successor4         = [[John Mercer Reid]]
| office5            = [[Minister of National Health and Welfare]]
| term_start5        = November 27, 1972
| term_end5          = September 15, 1977
| primeminister5     = Pierre Trudeau
| predecessor5       = [[John Munro (Canadian politician)|John Munro]]
| successor5         = [[Monique Bégin]]
| parliament6        = Canadian
| riding6            = [[Outremont (electoral district)|Outremont]]
| term_start6        = October 30, 1972
| term_end6          = September 3, 1984
| predecessor6       = [[Aurélien Noël]]
| successor6         = [[Lucie Pépin]]
| office7            = [[Principal Secretary (Canada)|Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister]]
| term_start7        = 1968
| term_end7          = 1972
| primeminister7     = Pierre Trudeau
| predecessor7       = John Hodgson
| successor7         = Martin O'Connell
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1929|07|26|mf=y}}
| birth_place        = {{nowrap|[[L'Île-Perrot, Quebec]], Canada}}
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2023|05|06|1929|07|26|mf=y}}
| death_place        = [[Montreal]]
| birthname          = 
| party              = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| otherparty         =  <!--For additional political affiliations-->
| spouse             = Claire Tétreau
| partner            =  <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
| relations          = 
| children           = 4
| parents            = 
| residence          = 
| alma_mater         = {{plainlist|
* {{Lang|fr|[[Université de Montréal]]|italic=no}}
* [[University of Oxford]]
* [[University of Ottawa]]
}}
| occupation         = 
| profession         = Lawyer
| cabinet            = 
| committees         = 
| portfolio          = 
| signature          = 
| signature_alt      = 
| website            = 
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Marc Lalonde''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|OC|KC}} ({{IPA|fr|maʁk lalɔ̃d}}; July 26, 1929 – May 6, 2023) was a Canadian politician who served as a [[cabinet of Canada|cabinet]] minister, political staffer and lawyer. A lifelong member of the [[Liberal Party (Canada)|Liberal Party]], he is best known for having served in various positions of government from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, including serving as the [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]].

==Early life==
Lalonde was born in [[L'Île-Perrot, Quebec]], and obtained a Master of Laws degree from the {{Lang|fr|[[Université de Montréal]]|italic=no}}, a master's degree from [[Oxford University]], and a Diplôme d'études supérieures en droit (D.E.S.D) from the [[University of Ottawa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdnmedhall.ca/laureates/marclalonde|title=The Honourable Marc Lalonde|website=CMHF|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Marc Lalonde, the Health Field Concept and Health Promotion - PMC|year=2018 |pmc=7150308 |last1=Tulchinsky |first1=T. H. |journal=Case Studies in Public Health |pages=523–541 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00028-7 |isbn=9780128045718 }}</ref>

In 1959, he worked in Ottawa as a special adviser to [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] Justice Minister [[Davie Fulton]]. He went to [[Montreal]] to practise law until 1967 when he returned to Ottawa to work as an adviser in the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)|Prime Minister's Office]] under [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] Prime Minister [[Lester B. Pearson]]. Lalonde remained when [[Pierre Trudeau]] became [[Prime Minister of Canada]] in 1968, serving as [[Principal Secretary (Canada)|Principal Secretary]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/pierre-trudeaus-right-hand-man-marc-lalonde-has-died-at-93|title=Pierre Trudeau's right hand man Marc Lalonde has died at 93|website=montrealgazette|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref> In this role during the 1970 October crisis he negotiated with Quebec premier [[Robert Bourassa]] and Montreal mayor [[Jean Drapeau]] to request the enactment of the [[War Measures Act]] in order to show that the enactment had the support of the Quebec and Montreal governments.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Alan |title=Trudeau adviser Marc Lalonde was at the heart of Canadian politics in times of crisis |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-trudeau-adviser-marc-lalonde-was-at-the-heart-of-canadian-politics-in/ |website=The Globe and Mail |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=12 May 2024 |quote=So Mr. Trudeau turned to his trusted adviser and principal secretary, Marc Lalonde, and gave him the job of negotiating with Mr. Bourassa and Mr. Drapeau}}</ref>

==Political career==

At Trudeau's urging, he ran for a seat in the [[House of Commons of Canada]] in the [[1972 Canadian federal election|1972 election]]. Elected as the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Outremont (electoral district)|Outremont]], Lalonde immediately joined the Cabinet as [[Minister of Health (Canada)|Minister of National Health and Welfare]], a position he held until 1977. He was concurrently [[Minister of Amateur Sport]] until 1976 and was also [[Minister responsible for the Status of Women (Canada)|Minister responsible for the Status of Women]] from 1974 to 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1977799/marc-lalonde-plc-federal-deces-pierre-elliott-trudeau-outremont|title=L'ancien ministre libéral fédéral Marc Lalonde est décédé|first=Zone Politique-|last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca|website=Radio-Canada.ca|date=May 7, 2023 |accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref>

A staunch [[Federalism in Quebec|federalist]], he was also one of Trudeau's chief advisers on the situation in Quebec, taking the position of [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] on federal-provincial relations in the wake of the [[Parti Québécois]] victory in the [[1976 Quebec general election|1976 Quebec provincial election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marc-lalonde|title=Marc Lalonde &#124; The Canadian Encyclopedia|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref> Lalonde led a clandestine body within the Canadian Federal Government, codenamed FAN TAN, that collected intelligence on the [[Quebec sovereignty movement|Quebec separatist movement]] and organized political action against the separatists.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Molinaro |first1=Dennis G. |last2=Davies |first2=Philip H.J. |date=2023 |title=The FAN TAN file: Quebec separatism and security service resistance to politicization 1971–72 |journal=Intelligence and National Security |volume=39 |pages=1–18 |language=en |doi=10.1080/02684527.2023.2246235 |s2cid=261310699 |issn=0268-4527|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Lalonde served as [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]] from 1978 until the Liberal government's defeat in the [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979 election]]. When the Liberals returned to power in the [[1980 Canadian federal election|1980 election]], Lalonde became [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources]] and instituted the [[National Energy Program]] which became intensely unpopular in [[Alberta]].<ref name="Budget_1980">{{citation |url=http://www.budget.gc.ca/pdfarch/1980-plan-eng.pdf |title=Budget 1980 |date=October 28, 1980 |access-date=January 27, 2015 |first=Allan J. |last=MacEachen |location=Ottawa, ON |archive-date=August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820003334/http://www.budget.gc.ca/pdfarch/1980-plan-eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Bank of Canada reported that economic problems had been accelerated and magnified. Inflation was most commonly between 9% and 10% annually,<ref name="Bank_of_Canada">{{citation |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/rates/inflation_calc.html |work=Bank of Canada |title=Inflation calculation |access-date=November 8, 2010 |archive-date=May 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510124111/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/rates/inflation_calc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="National_Post_2012">{{citation |title=A legacy rich as oil: Ex-Alberta premier Peter Lougheed's ideas imprinted on party still in power 41 years later |first=Jen |last=Gerson |date=September 14, 2012 |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/a-legacy-rich-as-oil-ex-alberta-premier-peter-lougheeds-ideas-imprinted-on-party-still-in-power-41-years-later |work=National Post |access-date=February 3, 2015}}</ref>

Lalonde was appointed [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|minister of finance]] in 1982. As finance minister, he tabled the [[1983 Canadian federal budget|1983]] and [[1984 Canadian federal budget|1984 federal budgets]]; both budgets saw a substantial increase in the [[government budget deficit]], as the deficit increased from $29.049 billion in [[1982 Canadian federal budget|1982]] to $37.167 billion in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/04/13/Finance-Minister-Marc-Lalonde-says-the-federal-deficit-may/2045419058000/|title=Finance Minister Marc Lalonde says the federal deficit may... - UPI Archives|website=UPI|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref>

When Trudeau resigned, Lalonde endorsed [[John Turner]] in the [[1984 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|1984 Liberal leadership convention]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Divided loyalties : the Liberal Party of Canada, 1984–2008|last=Jeffrey, Brooke.|date=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-6018-2|location=Toronto|pages=13|oclc=762397337}}</ref> and continued as finance minister after Turner succeeded Trudeau as prime minister in 1984, but did not run in the [[1984 Canadian federal election|1984 election]] which saw the Liberals suffer a landslide loss to the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservatives]].

==After politics==

In 1989, he was made an Officer of the [[Order of Canada]]. In 2004, he was inducted into the [[Canadian Medical Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/statement-by-the-prime-minister-of-canada-on-the-passing-of-the-honourable-marc-lalonde-877345925.html|title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the passing of the Honourable Marc Lalonde|first=Prime Minister's|last=Office|website=www.newswire.ca|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref>

In the 1990s, he served as an ''ad hoc'' judge at the [[International Court of Justice]], and has also represented Canada in various trade disputes. He was a practising lawyer with the firm of [[Stikeman Elliott|Stikeman Elliott LLP]] in Montreal until his retirement in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cigionline.org/people/marc-lalonde/|title=Marc Lalonde|publisher=Centre for International Governance Innovation|accessdate=May 12, 2023}}</ref>

Lalonde returned to the political arena in 2005 when Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]] named him co-president of the Liberal Party's electoral campaign in Quebec for the [[39th Canadian federal election]]. [[Brigitte Legault]], the president of the Young Liberals of Canada (Quebec), served as the other co-president.<ref name="auto"/>

Lalonde appeared before the [[House of Commons of Canada]]'s Ethics Committee in November 2008 along with client [[Karlheinz Schreiber]], who was being questioned in regard to the [[Airbus affair]] involving former PM [[Brian Mulroney]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Mulroney-Schreiber inquiry steers clear of 'Airbus affair' on first day| website=CBC News| date=March 30, 2009 | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mulroney-schreiber-inquiry-steers-clear-of-airbus-affair-on-first-day-1.858831 | access-date=May 12, 2023}}</ref>

Lalonde died on May 6, 2023, at age 93.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalonde, L'honorable Marc, CP, OC, CR  |url=https://necrologie.lapresse.ca/resultatrecherche.php?nodef=57879 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |publisher=La Presse |date=May 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pierre Trudeau's right hand man Marc Lalonde has died at 93 |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/pierre-trudeaus-right-hand-man-marc-lalonde-has-died-at-93 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |website=montrealgazette |language=en-CA}}</ref>

== Archives ==
There is a Marc Lalonde [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marc Lalonde fonds, Library and Archives Canada|date = July 20, 2017|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3827411&lang=eng}}</ref>

==See also==
*''A new perspective on the health of Canadians'', best known as the "[[Lalonde report]]"
*[[Canadian Football Act]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=14948}}
*[http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2692 Order of Canada Citation]

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=23}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post1         = [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]]
| post1years    = June 30, 1984 – September 16, 1984
| post1note     =
| post1preceded = ''Cont'd from 22nd Min.''
| post1followed = [[Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)|Michael Wilson]]
}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=22}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post2         = [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]]
| post2years    = September 10, 1982 – June 29, 1984
| post2note     =
| post2preceded = [[Allan MacEachen]]
| post2followed = ''Cont'd into 23rd Min.''

| post1         = [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources]]
| post1years    = March 3, 1980 – September 9, 1982
| post1note     =
| post1preceded = [[Ramon John Hnatyshyn]]
| post1followed = [[Jean Chrétien]]
}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=20}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post4         = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]] and [[Attorney General of Canada]]
| post4years    = November 24, 1978 – June 3, 1979
| post4note     =
| post4preceded = [[Otto Lang]]
| post4followed = [[Jacques Flynn]]

| post3         = Minister of State (Federal-Provincial Relations)
| post3years    = September 16, 1977 – November 23, 1978
| post3note     =
| post3preceded =
| post3followed = [[John Mercer Reid]]

| post2         = [[Minister of National Health and Welfare]]
| post2years    = November 27, 1972 – September 15, 1977
| post2note     =
| post2preceded = [[John Munro (Canadian politician)|John Munro]]
| post2followed = [[Monique Bégin]]

| post1         = [[Minister of Amateur Sport]]
| post1years    = November 27, 1972 – September 14, 1976
| post1note     =
| post1preceded =
| post1followed =
}}
{{ministry box special cabinet
| post1preceded = [[Robert Andras]]
| post1         = [[Minister responsible for the Status of Women (Canada)|Minister responsible for the Status of Women]]
| post1years    = August 8, 1974 – June 3, 1979
| post1note     =
| post1followed = [[David MacDonald (Canadian politician)|David MacDonald]]
}}
{{s-par|ca}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Aurélien Noël]], [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| title  = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Outremont (electoral district)|Outremont]]
| years  = 1972–1984
| after  = [[Lucie Pépin]], [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Turner Ministry}}
{{Second Trudeau Ministry}}
{{First Trudeau Ministry}}
{{CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General}}
{{CanMinFinance}}
{{Ministers of intergovernmental affairs of Canada}}
{{CA-Ministers of Health}}
{{Canadian Medical Hall of Fame}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalonde, Marc}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Lawyers in Quebec]]
[[Category:Canadian King's Counsel]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Quebec lieutenants]]
[[Category:Université de Montréal alumni]]
[[Category:University of Ottawa alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Ministers of health and welfare of Canada]]
[[Category:Members of the 20th Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the 22nd Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the 23rd Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Politicians from Montérégie]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]