View source for Maria Gorokhovskaya

{{Short description|Soviet gymnast (1921–2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox gymnast
| name = Maria Gorokhovskaya
| image = Maria Gorokhovskaya.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = 
| fullname = 
| altname = 
| nickname = 
| country = {{URS}}
| formercountry = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1921|10|17}}
| birth_place = [[Yevpatoria]], [[Crimea in the Soviet Union|Crimean ASSR]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]
| hometown = 
| residence = 
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2001|07|22|1921|10|17}}
| death_place = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| height = 
| discipline = WAG
| level = 
| natlteam = 
| club = Stroityel Kharkov<ref name=sr />
| gym = 
| collegeteam = 
| headcoach = 
| assistcoach = 
| formercoach = 
| choreographer = 
| music = 
| eponymousskills = 
| retired = 
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = <!-- see [[Template:MedalRelatedTemplates]] -->
{{MedalCountry | {{USSR}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Team]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|All-Around]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Team PA]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Vault]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Uneven Bars]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Balance Beam]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]] | [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Floor Exercise]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | World Championships }}
{{MedalGold | [[1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1954 Rome]] | Team }}
{{MedalBronze | [[1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1954 Rome]] | Floor Exercise }}
| native_name = Мария Гороховская
| native_name_lang = ru
}}

'''Maria Kondratyevna Gorokhovskaya''' ({{langx|ru|Мария Кондратьевна Гороховская}}, {{langx|uk|Марія Кіндратівна Гороховська}}; 17 October 1921 &ndash; 22 July 2001) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[gymnastics|gymnast]] of Jewish descent. At the [[1952 Summer Olympics]], she was the first woman to win seven medals at one Olympics. That is the highest number of medals won by a woman in a single Olympics,<ref>{{cite web |title=Leading Olympic Medalists |url=http://www.hickoksports.com/history/oltopmedalists.shtml |accessdate=15 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130103031525/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/oltopmedalists.shtml |archivedate=3 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> which is an achievement shared by only one other female athlete, the Australian swimmer [[Emma McKeon]], who achieved that at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] held in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/sport/more-sports/the-two-key-moments-that-turned-emma-mckeon-into-a-record-breaker/ar-AAMNY7Y?ocid=msedgntp|title='The two key moments that turned Emma McKeon into a record breaker'|newspaper=[[MSN]]|date=1 Aug 2021}}</ref>

Competing for ''Budivelnyk Kharkov'', Gorokhovskaya won her first USSR title on the [[balance beam]] in 1948. She came to the [[Helsinki]] Olympics as the twofold national champion. Soviet gymnastics had never competed at major international tournaments before, and it was the first Olympics in which the country participated.

The Soviet gymnasts dominated the competition, with Gorokhovskaya leading them. In all four individual apparatus events – the balance beam, [[floor exercise]], the [[vault (gymnastics)|vault]] and the [[uneven bars]] – Gorokhovskaya finished second. This performance earned her the gold medal in the all-around competition, finishing ahead of team-mate [[Nina Bocharova]] by eight tenths of a point.<ref name=sr />

With seven of the eight Soviet gymnasts finishing in the top ten, it was clear that the team gold medal would go to them. Gorokhovskaya won her seventh medal in the now discontinued team exercise with portable apparatus, where the Soviet team finished second behind Sweden.<ref name=sr />

Gorokhovskaya made one more international appearance as a part of the winning Soviet team at the [[1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1954 World Championships]], and retired afterwards. She then worked as a judge (international since 1964) and a lecturer.

In 1990, Gorokhovskaya, who was [[Jews|Jewish]],<ref name="yivoencyclopedia1">{{cite book |url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Sport/Jews_in_Sport_in_the_USSR |title=Jews in Sport in the USSR |publisher=Yivo Encyclopedia |author=Uri Miller |accessdate=15 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429023935/http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Sport/Jews_in_Sport_in_the_USSR |archivedate=29 April 2015 }}</ref> emigrated to [[Israel]], where she worked as a gymnastics coach until her death.<ref name=sr>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ho/mariya-horokhovska-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417090623/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ho/mariya-horokhovska-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> In 1991 she was inducted into the [[International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Maria Gorokhovskaya |url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/MariaGorokhovskaya.htm |access-date=2 August 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121645/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/MariaGorokhovskaya.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Achievements (non-Olympic)==
[[File:1957. III дружеские игры молодёжи. Гимнастика.jpg|thumb|Gorokhovskaya on a Soviet stamp of 1957]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! Event
! width=30px|AA
! width=30px|Team
! width=30px|[[Gymnastics vault|VT]]
! width=30px|[[Gymnastics uneven bars|UB]]
! width=30px|[[Gymnastics balance beam|BB]]
! width=30px|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
! width=30px|[[Gymnastics rings|RG]]
! width=30px|[[Horizontal bar|HB]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1947''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || || || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1948''' || align=left | USSR Championships || || || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1949''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || || || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1950''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=gold | 1st
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1951''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1952''' || align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1953''' || align=left | USSR Championships || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''1954''' || align=left | [[1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || || bgcolor=CC9966 | 3rd || ||
|-
| align=left | USSR Championships || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st ||
|}

==See also==
* [[List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games]]
* [[List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union]]
* [[List of Jews in sports#Gymnastics|List of select Jewish gymnasts]]
* [[List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Olympedia|29183}}
* [http://www.gymn-forum.net/bios/women/gorokhovskaya.html Complete list of competition results at Gymn Forum]
* {{FIG|bio=24249|lic=716|name=Maria GOROKOVSKAYA}}

{{Olympic champions artistic gymnastics Women TC|1952}}
{{Footer olympic champions individual all-round women}}
{{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenTC|1954}}
{{International Gymnastics Hall of Fame members}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorokhovskaya, Maria}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Yevpatoria]]
[[Category:International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:Soviet Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish Israeli sportspeople]]
[[Category:Soviet female artistic gymnasts]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Olympic gymnasts for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in gymnastics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]]
[[Category:Jewish Russian sportspeople]]
[[Category:Ukrainian female artistic gymnasts]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:World champion gymnasts]]