View source for Maria I of Portugal

{{Short description|Queen of Portugal from 1777 to 1816}}
{{Redirect|Maria I|other uses|Mary I (disambiguation){{!}}Mary I}}
{{other people||Maria of Portugal (disambiguation){{!}}Maria of Portugal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Maria I
| full name    = {{langx|pt|Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana}}
| succession   = [[Queen of Portugal]]
| image        = Maria I, Queen of Portugal - Giuseppe Troni, atribuído (Turim, 1739-Lisboa, 1810) - Google Cultural Institute.jpg
| caption      = Portrait attributed to [[Giuseppe Troni]], 1783
| reign        = 24 February 1777 – {{nowrap|20 March 1816}}
| cor-type     = Acclamation
| coronation   = 13 May 1777
| predecessor  = [[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph I]]
| successor    = [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]]
| regent       = [[Peter III of Portugal|Peter III]] {{nowrap|(1777–1786)}}
| reg-type     = Co-monarch
| reg-type1    = {{nowrap|[[Prince regent]]}}
| regent1      = [[John VI of Portugal|John, Prince of Brazil]] {{nowrap|(1792–1816)}}
| succession2  = [[Queen of Brazil]]
| reign2       = 16 December 1815 – {{nowrap|20 March 1816}}
| successor2   = [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]]
| reg-type2    = {{nowrap|[[Prince regent]]}}
| regent2      = [[John VI of Portugal|John, Prince of Brazil]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Peter III of Portugal]]|6 June 1760|25 May 1786|end=died}}
| issue        = {{plainlist|
* [[Joseph, Prince of Brazil]]
* [[John VI of Portugal]]
* [[Infanta Mariana Vitória of Braganza|Mariana Victoria, Infanta Gabriel of Spain]]
}}
| issue-link   = #Marriage and issue
| issue-pipe   =
| house        = [[House of Braganza|Braganza]]
| father       = [[Joseph I of Portugal]]
| mother       = [[Mariana Victoria of Spain]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=yes|1734|12|17}}
| birth_place  = [[Ribeira Palace]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=yes|1816|03|20|1734|12|17}}
| death_place  = Convent of Carmo, [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| burial_place = {{plainlist|
* 23 March 1816<br />Convent of Our Lady of Ajuda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* 18 March 1822<br />[[Estrela Basilica]], Lisbon, Portugal
}}
| religion     = [[Catholic Church in Portugal|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Assinatura D. Maria Primeira.svg
}}

''[[Dom (title)|Dona]]'' '''Maria I''' (Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana; 17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) also known as '''Maria the Pious''' in Portugal and '''Maria the Mad''' in Brazil, was [[Queen of Portugal]] from 24 February 1777 until her death in 1816. Maria was the first undisputed [[queen regnant]] of Portugal{{Efn|Portugal had two undisputed [[queens regnant]]: Maria I and [[Maria II]] and two disputed queens regnant: [[Beatrice of Portugal|Beatriz]] and [[Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal|Teresa]].}} and the first [[monarch of Brazil]].

Maria was the eldest daughter of King Dom [[José I]] (Joseph I) of Portugal and Queen [[Mariana Victoria of Spain|Mariana Victoria]]. As the heir to the throne, she held the titles of [[Princess of Brazil]] and [[Duchess of Braganza]]. She married her uncle Infante [[Peter III of Portugal|Pedro]] (Peter) in 1760. They had six children, of whom three survived infancy: [[José, Prince of Brazil|José]], [[John VI of Portugal|João]] (John), and [[Mariana Vitória]]. The death of King José in 1777 placed Maria, then 42 years old, on the throne. Her husband Pedro was nominally king [[jure uxoris|alongside her]] as Dom Pedro III.

Upon ascending the throne, Maria dismissed her father's powerful chief minister, [[Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal]]. The early part of Maria's reign witnessed growth in Portugal's economy. Maria had a number of national buildings constructed and renovated, leading to the completion of the [[Palace of Queluz]] and the inauguration of the [[Palace of Ajuda]] and other new monuments.<ref>Saraiva (2007), pp. 261-263</ref> The death of her husband in 1786, followed by the deaths in 1788 of her eldest son, José, and her confessor [[Inácio de São Caetano]], caused the queen to develop [[clinical depression]]. Her second son, João, then served as [[prince regent]]. With [[Napoleon]]'s European conquests, Maria and her court moved to the Portuguese colony of Brazil in 1807. After Brazil was elevated to a kingdom in 1815, Maria became Queen of the [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]]. Upon her death in 1816, she was succeeded by her son Dom João VI.

==Early life==
[[File:Retrato da Infanta D. Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''D. Maria Francisca, [[Princess of Beira]], [[Duchess of Barcelos]]''; [[Francesco Pavona|Pavona]]; 1739.]]
Maria was born at the [[Ribeira Palace]] in [[Lisbon]] on 17 December 1734 and baptized Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana. She was the eldest of four daughters born to [[Dom (title)|Dom]] José (Joseph), [[Prince of Brazil]] (later King Dom [[José I of Portugal]]), and Infanta [[Mariana Victoria of Spain]]. Her father José was the eldest surviving son of the reigning King Dom [[João V]] (John V) of Portugal. Her mother, Mariana Victoria, was the eldest daughter of King Don [[Felipe V]] (Philip V) of Spain. Maria's paternal grandfather João V appointed her [[Princess of Beira]] on the day of her birth.

Maria's grandfather died on 31 July 1750. Her father, Prince José, then succeeded to the throne as Dom José I. As José's eldest child, Maria became his [[heir presumptive]] and was given the traditional titles of Princess of Brazil and [[Duchess of Braganza]].

===Influence of the Marquis of Pombal===
[[File:Maria I, Vieira.jpg|thumb|upright|''Maria Francisca Isabel, Princess of Brazil''. Portrait by [[Vieira Lusitano]], 1753]]
King José's government was dominated completely by [[Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal]]. The Marquis of Pombal secured control of the government after the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]], in which around 100,000 people lost their lives. The palace of Maria's birth was also destroyed in the disaster.<ref name=Pombal>{{cite book|title=A history of Portugal|year = 1662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHI3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA352 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=352–375}}</ref>

After the earthquake, King José was often uncomfortable at the thought of staying in enclosed spaces, and later experienced [[claustrophobia]]. The king had a palace built in Ajuda, away from the city centre. This palace became known as Real Barraca de Ajuda (Royal Hut at Ajuda) because it was made of wood. The family spent much time at the large palace. (The palace was the birthplace of Maria's first child, [[José, Prince of Brazil|José]], {{langx|en|Dom Joseph}}.) In 1794 the palace burned to the ground and the [[Palace of Ajuda]] was built in its place.<ref name=Pombal/>

On 6 June 1760, Maria married the king's younger brother, her uncle Pedro (later King Dom Pedro III of Portugal). Maria and Pedro had six children: José, João Francisco, João (later King Dom [[João VI]]), [[Mariana Vitória]], Maria Clementina, and Maria Isabel. Only José, João, and Mariana Vitória survived to adulthood. Maria also delivered a stillborn boy in 1762.

==Reign==
[[File:Retrato duplo de D. Maria I e D. Pedro III - século XVIII (Museu Nacional dos Coches, Antigo Picadeiro Real).png|thumb|left|Portrait by [[Miguel António do Amaral]] of Queen Dona Maria I and King Dom Pedro III, {{c.}} 1777–1780]]
[[File:Parte do Alvará da Rainha de Portugal, D. Maria, que proibiu fábricas e manufaturas no Brasil.jpg|thumb|upright|Part of the Charter of Queen Maria, which prohibited factories and manufactures in Brazil in 1785.]]

King José died on 24 February 1777. His daughter, Maria, then became the first undisputed [[queen regnant of Portugal]]. With Maria's accession, her husband became nominal king as Dom Pedro III, but the actual regal authority was vested solely in Maria, as she was the lineal heir of the crown. Also, as Pedro's kingship was ''[[jure uxoris]]'' only, his reign would cease in the event of Maria's death, and the crown would pass to Maria's descendants. However, Pedro predeceased his wife in 1786. Maria is considered to have been a good ruler in the period prior to her madness. Her first act as queen was to dismiss the autocratic [[Prime minister|minister]], the [[Marquis of Pombal]]. Noteworthy events of this period include Portugal's membership in the [[First League of Armed Neutrality|League of Armed Neutrality]] (July 1782) and the 1781 cession of [[Delagoa Bay]] from [[Austria]] to Portugal.<ref name="Birmingham2018">{{cite book|author=Birmingham, David |title=A Concise History of Portugal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkFPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-42419-6 |pages=93–107}}</ref> However, the queen suffering from [[melancholia]] and declining mental health (perhaps due to [[porphyria]]) made her incapable of handling state affairs after 1792.<ref name="google1937">[https://books.google.com/books?id=fHI3AAAAIAAJ History of Portugal: Pamphlet Collection]. CUP Archive, 1937. Accessed September 2012.</ref>

On 5 January 1785 the queen issued a charter imposing heavy restrictions on industrial activity in Brazil; how, for example, it prohibited the manufacture of fabrics and other products, extinguishing all textile manufactures in the colony, except the industry of coarse cloth for the use of slaves and workers; since the Portuguese colonial administration did not look favorably on the development of industrial activities in Brazil for fear of economic and, perhaps, political independence. During her reign, the trial, conviction and execution of ensign [[Joaquim José da Silva Xavier]], known as Tiradentes, took place in 1789.

==Mental deterioration==
[[File:4 escudos en or à l'effigie de Marie I et Pierre III, 1785.jpg|thumb|[[Portuguese escudo|4 escudos]] coin with effigy of Maria I and Pedro III, 1785]]
Maria's madness was first officially noticed in 1786, when she had to be carried back to her apartments in a state of delirium. Afterwards, the queen's mental state became progressively worse. On 25 May 1786, her husband died; Maria was devastated and forbade any court entertainments. According to a contemporary account, state festivities began to resemble religious ceremonies. The queen's eldest son and heir, Prince Dom José, died aged 27 from smallpox on 11 September 1788, and that same year, on November 2, her daughter Mariana Vitória died a few days after giving birth to her third child from the same illness as her brother at just 19. The queen's confessor, [[Inácio de São Caetano]], [[Titular Archbishop]] of [[Salonica]], died almost four weeks later.<ref name=CUP/> These deaths may have resulted in Queen Maria developing [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name=":0" /> Another potential cause was her incestuous ancestry; this is substantiated by two of her sisters having had similar conditions.<ref name=":0">Peters, Timothy & Willis, Clive. (2013). '[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258057330_Maria_I_of_Portugal_Another_royal_psychiatric_patient_of_Francis_Willis/citation/download 'Maria I of Portugal: Another royal psychiatric patient of Francis Willis']'. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science. 203. 167. 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.123950.</ref>

In February 1792, Maria was deemed insane and was treated by [[Francis Willis (physician)|Francis Willis]], the same physician who attended the British king [[George III]]. Willis wanted to take her to England, but the plan was refused by the Portuguese court. Potentially as a result of Willis' more advisory role in Maria's care, rather than the hands-on care of King George III, Willis deemed the queen incurable.<ref name=":0" /> Maria's second son, Dom João (John), now Prince of Brazil, took over the government in her name, even though he only took the title of Prince Regent in 1799.<ref name="google1937"/> When the Real Barraca de Ajuda burnt down in 1794, the court was forced to move to Queluz, where the ill queen would lie in her apartments all day. Visitors would complain of terrible screams that would echo throughout the palace.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

== Napoleonic Wars ==
[[File:Maria I de Portugal.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Engraving of Maria I from 1786]]
In 1801, Spanish Prime Minister [[Manuel de Godoy]] sent an army to invade Portugal with backing from the French leader [[Napoleon]], resulting in the [[War of the Oranges]]. Though the Spanish ended their invasion, the [[Treaty of Badajoz (1801)|Treaty of Badajoz]] on 6 June 1801 forced Portugal to cede [[Olivenza|Olivença]] and other border towns to Spain. (This cession is not recognized by the present Portuguese government, and the country officially considers those territories still to be Portuguese possessions.) On 29 September, Prince Dom João signed the [[Treaty of Madrid (1801)]], ceding half of [[Portuguese Guyana]] to France, which became [[French Guiana]].<ref name=CUP>{{cite book|title=A history of Portugal|year = 1662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHI3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA376 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=376–403}}</ref>

The refusal of the Portuguese government to join the French-sponsored [[Continental Blockade]] against Britain culminated in the late 1807 Franco-Spanish invasion of Portugal led by General [[Jean-Andoche Junot]]. The ultimate Napoleonic plan for Portugal was to split it into three sections. The northern parts of Portugal, from the Douro to the Minho, would become the [[Kingdom of Northern Lusitania]], and its throne was promised to King [[Louis II of Etruria]]. The [[Alentejo Province]] and [[Kingdom of the Algarve]] would be merged to form the ''Principality of the Algarves'', of which Manuel de Godoy would be sovereign. The remaining portion of Portugal would have been directly ruled by France.<ref name=CUP/>

=== Transfer to Brazil ===
{{main|Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil}}
[[File:Prince John of Portugal.jpg|thumb|Maria's second son, Prince Regent Dom [[John VI of Portugal|João]], with a bust of his mother]]
At the urging of the British government, the entire [[House of Braganza]] decided to flee on 29 November 1807 to establish a [[government in exile]] in the [[Colonial Brazil|Portuguese Viceroyalty of Brazil]]. Along with the royal family, Maria was transported aboard the [[carrack]] ''Príncipe Real''. During her move from the royal palace to the docks, she was heard screaming throughout the trip in the middle of the crowd and in the carriage. The queen's [[dementia]] was so great that she feared that she was going to be tortured or robbed during her movement by her servants.<ref name="Birmingham2018"/>

In January 1808, Prince Regent João and his court arrived in [[Salvador da Bahia]]. Under pressure by local aristocracy and the British, the prince regent signed a commercial regulation after his arrival that opened commerce between Brazil and friendly nations, which in this case represented the interests of Great Britain above all. This law broke an important [[colonial pact]] that had previously allowed Brazil to maintain direct commercial relations only with Portugal.<ref name="Birmingham2018"/>

On 1 August, British General [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]] (later the [[Duke of Wellington (title)|Duke of Wellington]]) landed a British army in Lisbon to initiate the [[Peninsular War]]. The impact of Wellesley's initial victory over Junot at the [[Battle of Vimeiro]] (21 August 1808) was wiped out by his superiors in the [[Convention of Cintra]] (30 August 1808), which allowed the defeated French troops to evacuate peacefully from Portugal.<ref name=CUP/>

Wellesley returned to Portugal on 22 April 1809 to recommence the campaign. Portuguese forces under British command distinguished themselves in the defence of the [[Lines of Torres Vedras]] (1809–1810) and in the subsequent invasion of Spain and France. In 1815, Prince João's government elevated Brazil to the status of a kingdom, and Maria was proclaimed Queen of the [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]]. When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family remained in Brazil.<ref name=CUP/>

== Death and legacy ==
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
[[File:Tomb of Maria I - Basílica da Estrela - Lisbon.JPG|thumb|Tomb of Maria I at [[Estrela Basilica]] in [[Lisbon]], Portugal]]
Maria lived in Brazil for a total of eight years, always in a state of incapacitation. On 20 March 1816, she died at the Carmo Convent in [[Rio de Janeiro]] at the age of 81. After her death, the prince regent was acclaimed as King Dom João VI. In 1821, Maria's body was returned to Lisbon to be interred in a mausoleum in the [[Estrela Basilica]] ({{langx|pt|Basílica da Estrela}}), which she had helped found.

Maria is a greatly admired figure in both Brazil and Portugal due to the tremendous changes and events that took place during her reign. In Portugal, she is celebrated as a strong female figure. Her legacy shines at Portugal's Queluz Palace, a baroque-roccoco masterpiece that she helped conceive. A large statue of her stands in front of the palace, and a [[Pousada of D. Maria|pousada]] near the palace is named in her honour. A large marble statue of the queen was erected at the [[Portuguese National Library]] in Lisbon by the students of Joaquim Machado de Castro.

In Brazil, Maria is admired as a key figure in the eventual [[independence of Brazil]]. It was during her reign, albeit through the government of her son's regency, that many of the national institutions and organizations in Brazil were created. These institutions were the precursors to their modern-day equivalents and granted large degree of power to the Brazilian colonials. While she is often called ''A Louca'' (the Mad) in Brazil, Brazilian and Portuguese historians hold her in high esteem.

== Marriage and issue ==
Maria married her uncle Pedro on 6 June 1760. At the time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Pedro was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Upon Maria's accession in 1777, her husband became the nominal King Dom Pedro III of Portugal. They had six children:<ref>{{cite web|title=Trajetória política de D. Maria I: ideias ilustradas, convulsão política e melancolia|date=3 July 2018 |url=https://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9292|page=50}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:20%;"|Name!! style="width:15%;"|Birth!! style="width:15%;"|Death!! style="width:50%;"|Notes
|-
|[[Joseph, Prince of Brazil]]||20 August 1761||11 September 1788||''José Francisco Xavier de Paula Domingos António Agostinho Anastácio'' married his maternal aunt [[Infanta Benedita of Portugal]] and had no issue. His death led to his younger brother becoming heir apparent and later king.
|-
|John Francis of Braganza||16 September 1763||10 October 1763||''João Francisco de Paula Domingos António Carlos Cipriano'' was born at the [[Ajuda National Palace]].
|-
|[[John VI of Portugal|John VI]]||13 May 1767||10 March 1826||''João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael'' married [[Carlota Joaquina of Spain|Carlota Joaquina]], eldest daughter of King Don [[Charles IV of Spain|Carlos IV]] (Charles IV) of Spain, and had issue. He was [[King of Portugal]] from 1816 to 1826 as Dom João VI and titular [[Emperor of Brazil]] from 1825 to 1826.
|-
|[[Infanta Mariana Victoria of Portugal]]||15 December 1768||2 November 1788||''Mariana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela'' married [[Infante Gabriel of Spain]], son of King Don [[Charles III of Spain|Carlos III]], and had issue.
|-
|Maria Clementina of Braganza||9 June 1774||27 June 1776||''Maria Clementina Francisca Xavier de Paula Ana Josefa Antónia Domingas Feliciana Joana Michaela Júlia'' was born at the [[Queluz National Palace]].
|-
|Maria Isabella of Braganza ||12 December 1776||14 January 1777||''Maria Isabel'' was born at the [[Queluz National Palace]].
|}

== Ancestry ==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA14|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=14}}</ref>
|title=Ancestors of Maria I of Portugal
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Maria I of Portugal'''
|2= 2. [[Joseph I of Portugal]]
|3= 3. [[Mariana Victoria of Spain]]
|4= 4. [[John V of Portugal]]
|5= 5. [[Maria Anna of Austria]]
|6= 6. [[Philip V of Spain]]
|7= 7. [[Elisabeth Farnese]]
|8= 8. [[Peter II of Portugal]]
|9= 9. [[Maria Sophia of Neuburg]]
|10= 10. [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|11= 11. [[Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg]]
|12= 12. [[Louis, Grand Dauphin|Louis, Dauphin of France]]
|13= 13. [[Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria]]
|14= 14. [[Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma]]
|15= 15. [[Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg]]
}}

== See also ==
* [[List of mentally ill monarchs]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|first=Marcus|last=Cheke|title=Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal|publisher=Sidgewick & Jackson|year=1947|location=London, England|url=https://archive.org/details/carlotajoaquinaq0000chek|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/carlotajoaquinaq0000chek/page/203 203]|quote=miguel.|isbn=9780836950403}}
* Benevides, Francisco da Fonseca. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=GAgrAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader Rainhas de Portugal: Estudo Historico - Volume I]. Lisbon, Portugal: Typographia Castro Irmão.
* Benevides, Francisco da Fonseca. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=6hsrAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader Rainhas de Portugal: Estudo Historico - Volume II]. Lisbon, Portugal: Typographia Castro Irmão.
* {{cite book|first=Laurentino|last=Gomes|author-link=Laurentino Gomes|title=1808 — How a mad queen, a coward prince and a corrupt court fooled Napoleon and changed the History of Portugal and Brazil|year=2007|publisher=Planeta|language=pt|title-link=1808 (book)}}
* {{cite book|first=José Hermano|last=Saraiva|title=História Concisa de Portugal|trans-title=Concise History of Portugal|year=2007|edition=24th|language=pt|publisher=Colecção Saber|location=Lisbon, Portugal}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Maria I of Portugal}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Braganza]]|17 December|1734|20 March|1816|[[House of Aviz]]}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Queen of Portugal]]|years=1777–1816|regent1=[[Peter III of Portugal|Peter III]]|years1=1777–1786}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John VI of Portugal|John VI]]}}
{{s-roy|pt}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Barbara of Portugal|Maria Barbara]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Princess of Beira]] <br> [[Duchess of Barcelos]]|years=1734–1750}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after= [[José, Prince of Brazil|Joseph]]}}
|-
{{s-bef||before=[[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Brazil|Princess of Brazil]] <br> [[Duchess of Braganza]]|years=1750–1777}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Portugal}}
{{Monarchs of Brazil}}
{{Princesses of Brazil}}
{{Dukes of Braganza}}
{{Portuguese infantas}}
{{House of Braganza}}
{{Brazilian Imperial Family}}
{{Napoleonic Wars}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria 01 Of Portugal}}
[[Category:1734 births]]
[[Category:1816 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Braganza]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Brazil]]
[[Category:Regents of Portugal]]
[[Category:Regents of Brazil]]
[[Category:Brazilian royalty]]
[[Category:Queens regnant in Europe]]
[[Category:Princes of Brazil]]
[[Category:Dukes of Braganza]]
[[Category:Princesses of Beira]]
[[Category:Dukes of Barcelos]]
[[Category:Portuguese infantas]]
[[Category:Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|3]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:People of the Peninsular War]]
[[Category:18th-century Portuguese monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century Portuguese monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century queens regnant]]
[[Category:19th-century queens regnant]]
[[Category:Nobility from Lisbon]]
[[Category:Royalty and nobility with disabilities]]
[[Category:Royal reburials]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Mothers of emperors]]
[[Category:People with mood disorders]]
[[Category:Maria I of Portugal]]