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{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Mariahilf
| native_name        = {{native name|bar-AT|Mariahüf}}
| settlement_type    = 6th District of Vienna
| image_shield       = Wien - Bezirk Mariahilf, Wappen.svg
| image_map          = Kartewien6.png
| map_caption        = Location of the district within Vienna
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Austria]]
| subdivision_type1  = City
| subdivision_name1  = [[Vienna]]
| leader_title       = {{nowrap|District Director}}
| leader_name        = Markus Rumelhart ([[SPÖ]])
| leader_title1      = First Deputy
| leader_name1       = Vlasta Osterauer-Novak ([[SPÖ]])
| leader_title2      = {{nowrap|Second Deputy}}
| leader_name2       = Susanne Jerusalem ([[Austrian Green Party|Green]])
| leader_title3      = Representation<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:normal">(40 Members)</span>
| leader_name3       = [[SPÖ]] 15, [[Austrian Green Party|Green]] 14,<br /> [[FPÖ]] 3, [[ÖVP]] 3, [[NEOS – The New Austria|NEOS]] 3, [[KPÖ]] 2
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_total_km2     = 1.48
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=080904 Statistik Austria - Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2016 nach Gemeinden (Gebietsstand 1.1.2016)], Statistik Austria.</ref>
| population_total   = 31621
| population_as_of   = 2016
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = A-1060
| blank_name_sec1    = Address of <br />District Office
| blank_info_sec1    = Amerlingstraße 11<br/>A-1060 Wien
| website            = {{website|www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/mariahilf/|wien.gv.at/bezirke/marihilf/}}
}}
'''Mariahilf''' ({{IPA|de|maˌʁiːaˈhɪlf|-|De-at Mariahilf.ogg}}; {{langx|bar|label=[[Viennese German|Viennese]]|Mariahüf}}; "Mary's help") is the 6th municipal [[Districts of Vienna|district of Vienna]], [[Austria]] ({{langx|de|6. Bezirk}}). It is near the center of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850.<ref name=GVM/> Mariahilf is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings.<ref name="GVM">
   Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References).
</ref><ref name="SA">
Vienna Districts data, wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage:
   [https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/<!--
   -->bezirksportraets08.pdf wien.gv.at-portraets08-PDF] {{Cite web |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/bezirksportraets08.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305232156/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/bezirksportraets08.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=dead }}.
</ref>
It has a population of 31,621 (as of January 2016) within an area of {{convert|1.48|km2|sqmi|1}}.

== Location==
Mariahilf is located southwest of Vienna's centre ([[Innere Stadt|1st district]]). In the north, [[Mariahilfer Straße]], Vienna's most important [[shopping street]], is its border with [[Neubau]], in the south, the valley of the [[Wien (river)|Vienna River]], in the west, the [[Gürtel, Vienna|Gürtel]] beltway.

It consists of the five neighbourhoods (historical ''[[Vorstädte]]'', i.e. towns): [[Mariahilf (Mariahilf)|Mariahilf]], [[Gumpendorf]], [[Windmühle]], [[Magdalenengrund]] and [[Laimgrube]].

== History ==
First settlements around the [[Roman roads]] of the area developed around the year 1000. In 1428, the name ''Im Schöff'' is mentioned for the first time, but this name was lost when the copy of a sacral painting from [[Passau]] was installed in a chapel of the graveyard, which came to be known as ''Mariahilf'' ("[[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Mary]]'s help").

More intensive settlement started only after the [[Battle of Vienna|Second Turkish Siege of Vienna]] in 1683. The area was of some importance because the road to [[Schönbrunn Palace]] led through it.

''Gumpendorf'' was mentioned in 1130 for the first time and developed from a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] watchtower. It was subject to various [[feudal]] lords and was sold to the [[municipality]] of Vienna in 1798.

''Magdalenengrund'' was originally known as ''Im Saugraben an der Wien auf der Gstätten'' ("In the sow pit on the [[Wien (river)|Wien]] on the meadow") and consisted only of [[vineyard]]s. In 1698, some plots were released for construction.

The ''Laimgrube'' ([[clay]] pit) is probably the oldest part of Mariahilf. It was mentioned in 1291 for the first time, but has existed already since the 11th century. Its name is derived from the [[clay]] soil, which was used to produce [[brick]]s.

''Windmühle'' (windmill) developed from a feudal holding used by various [[monastic order]]s. In 1529 it was destroyed during the [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|First Turkish Siege]]. Emperor [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] had the ownership transferred to ''Johann Francolin'', subject to the condition that he should build [[windmill]]s there. However, he had only one mill built.

On March 6, 1850, the five ''Vorstädte'' of Gumpendorf, Mariahilf, Windmühle, Magdalenengrund and Laimgrube became part of Vienna as the Fifth District, Mariahilf. When [[Wieden]] was split into two districts in 1861, it became the 6th District. In 1862, some areas north of [[Mariahilfer Straße]] were ceded to the 7th District ([[Neubau]]).

Towards the end of the 19th century, Mariahilf had developed to become an important business district of Vienna. The Mariahilfer Strasse was a major shopping street; however, the big department stores were beyond the district boundary, over in the 7th District. The Mariahilfer area influenced the roads for mainly small and medium-sized businesses.

Between 1890 and 1907, the Kaunitzgasse steam power plant became one of the first electricity works in Vienna. Following the acquisition of the originally privately operated power plant, by the municipality of Vienna, it was decommissioned and converted into a substation.

"Erinnern für die Zukunft" (Remembrance for the Future) is a memorial project for the many residents of Mariahilf district who were murdered by the Nazi dictatorship in the 1938-1945 period.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fuchs|first1=Ulli|title=Wider das Vergessen und Verdrängen! (Against forgetfulness and repression!)|url=http://www.erinnern-fuer-die-zukunft.at/?page_id=257|website=Erinnern für die Zukunft|accessdate=9 February 2018}}</ref>

Mariahilf is home to many of Vienna's [[gay]] and [[lesbian]] residents {{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} and contains a sizable concentration of bars, clubs, restaurants and shops catering to the community, along with the [[Rosa Lila Villa]] community center.

In the 1990s, there were two minor changes in the district boundaries: in 1995 in the area of the belt on the border at the 15th District, and 1996 in the Europe Square in front of the West Railway Station, where the 6th, 7th and 15th District meet. Both border changes affected mainly the transport structures. The district affiliation of residential areas did not change.

== Population ==
{{historical populations|1869|67642|1880|64535|1890|64323|1900|62212|1910|64670|1923|54540|1934|49785|1939|44866|1951|46372|1961|41216|1971|33633|1981|28771|1991|30298|2001|27866|2011|29375|2021|30995|align=right|cols=1|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Censuses - STATISTICS AUSTRIA|url=https://www.statistik.at/en/statistics/population-and-society/population/population-stock/historic-censuses|publisher=Statistics Austria}}</ref>}}The Mariahilf District was already, after its 1850 founding, very densely populated. In 1869, the district area had 67,642 inhabitants, a figure that was never surpassed. Until the beginning of the First World War, the population declined only slightly and remained largely stable. After the First World War began, the population almost continuously decreased. However, according to the last census in 2001, the population has largely stabilized and since 2006 has even risen slightly to 29,523 people.

=== Population structure ===
The age of people in Mariahilf, in 2001, differed in several ways from the Vienna citywide averages. So, Mariahilf had fewer children, but more young adults than the average for Vienna. In 2001, the proportion of residents under 15 years was, with 12.4%, below the Vienna value of 14.7%. The population aged 20 to 39 years in Mariahilf was, with 34.4%, more than the Vienna-average of 30.9%. The proportion of the population aged 60 years or more was 19.2%, slightly below the Vienna average (21.7%). The gender distribution in the district area corresponded to the community trend, with 47.1% men and 52.9% women. Mariahilf's 35.8% compared, against Vienna's city average of 41.2%, as much less often married than the average for Vienna.

=== Origin and language ===
The proportion of foreign-district residents in 2005 was 19.6% (Vienna citywide: 18.7%), and increased over 2001 (17.8%), along with the rising trend in the entire State. The highest proportion of foreigners, in 2005, represented approximately a 3.6% share of the district population as nationals from [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]]. Another 2.4% were Angolan, 1.5% [[Turkey|Turkish]], 1.3% [[Poland|Polish]] and 0.8% had [[Croatia]]n or [[Bosnia]]n citizenship. In total, for 2001, nearly 26.6% of the population of Mariahilf had not been born in Austria. About 5.6% expressed as a colloquial language [[Serbia]]n, with Turkish 3.5% and 2.3% Croatian.<ref name=SAr/>

=== Religious preferences ===
The religion of the people in Mariahilf, during the 2001 census, ranked about average for Vienna, only the proportion of people with [[Roman Catholic]] or [[Islam]]ic religion was slightly below average. In 2001, 47.4% of the inhabitants had membership in the Roman Catholic Church (Vienna citywide: 49.2%). There are three district Roman Catholic parishes, with the City Deanery 6 / 7. About 6.4% of residents were Islamic faith, 6.0% belonged to the Orthodox Church, and 5.2% were [[Protestant]]. Nearly 26.8% of the district population did not belong to any religious group, and 8.2% had no religion or other religious preference indicated.<ref name="SAr">
 "Statistik Austria (Volkszählung 2001)", webpages:
 [http://www.statistik.at/blickgem/vz7/g90601.pdf SA-g90601.pdf]
 and
 [http://www.statistik.at/blickgem/vz7/g90001.pdf SA-g90001.pdf].
</ref>

== Politics ==
{|<!-- -------------- Table of district leaders -------------
 --> border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0" <!--
 --> align=right style="margin-left:1em;"
|---- bgcolor="#E3E3E3"
! colspan="2"|District Directors since 1945
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Dr. Leder (unknown)||4/1945
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Franz Löwner ([[SPÖ]])||4/1945–1946
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Karl Bittner ([[ÖVP]])||1946–1954
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Rudolf Krammer ([[ÖVP]])||1954–1969
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Hubert Feilnreiter ([[SPÖ]])||1969–1977
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Werner Jank ([[SPÖ]])||1977–1978
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Franz Blauensteiner ([[ÖVP]])||1978–1984
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Kurt Pint ([[ÖVP]])||1984–1997
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Erich Achleitner ([[ÖVP]])||1997–2001
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Renate Kaufmann ([[SPÖ]])||2001–2014
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|Markus Rumelhart ([[SPÖ]])||2014–
|}
The Mariahilf district has always been contested between the political parties [[ÖVP]] and [[SPÖ]]. While the ÖVP commanded the majority in the years after the Second World War until 1969, it lost the district to the SPÖ in that year. After the SPÖ lost the majority again in 1978, the ÖVP was able to dominate the following elections.

When the [[The Greens – The Green Alternative|Greens]] entered the district politics in the late 80s, the ÖVP and SPÖ started to rapidly lose votes. The competition with the [[Liberal Forum]] (LIF) in 1996 had a similar effect. The ÖVP also lost heavily in the elections of 2001. The SPÖ, after the losses of 1996, was able to compensate for its former losses and reclaimed the majority in the district.

In 2001 the Greens came in a close third to the ÖVP, whereas the Liberal Forum and the [[FPÖ]] suffered heavy losses. In the 2005 elections, the trend continued: The FPÖ lost heavily in the vote again and the Liberal Forum lost their seat on the district council, whereas the SPÖ and the Greens gained more votes. In 2005 the Greens came in second for the first time and thus attained the office of deputy district director. In the elections of 2010, the Greens and the ÖVP suffered heavy losses, while the SPÖ, FPÖ and [[BZÖ]] gained more votes.

{|<!-- ----------- Table of Political Parties --------------
 --> class="wikitable sortable" align=center <!--
 --> style="margin-left:1em;"
|+
District Political Parties 1991–2010 <ref>[http://www.wien.gv.at/wahlinfo/grbv.htm Stadt Wien] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227070937/http://www.wien.gv.at/wahlinfo/grbv.htm |date=2007-12-27 }}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#F1D888"
|Jahr
|SPÖ
|ÖVP
|FPÖ
|Grüne
|LIF
|BZÖ
|Sonstige
|-
|align="center"|1991
|align="center"|30.2
|align="center"|38.5
|align="center"|15.2
|align="center"|14.1
|align="center"|--
|align="center"|--
|align="center"|2.0
|-
|align="center"|1996
|align="center"|24.1
|align="center"|34.2
|align="center"|17.1
|align="center"|15.0
|align="center"|8.8
|align="center"|--
|align="center"|0.8
|-
|align="center"|2001
|align="center"|30.7
|align="center"|25.7
|align="center"|13.7
|align="center"|24.9
|align="center"|4.1
|align="center"|--
|align="center"|0.9
|-
|align="center"|2005
|align="center"|35.6
|align="center"|25.4
|align="center"|7.3
|align="center"|28.9
|align="center"|0.8
|align="center"|0.7
|align="center"|1.3
|-
|align="center"|2010
|align="center"|37.1
|align="center"|18.1
|align="center"|11.1
|align="center"|26.1
|align="center"|1.6
|align="center"|0.8
|align="center"|3.4
|}

== Education ==
Beside some buildings of the [[Vienna University of Technology]], Mariahilf hosts the [[Franz Schubert Conservatory]] and the central vocational schools for [[electrical engineering]], [[information technology]], [[metallurgy]], [[glass-ceramic]], [[sanitary engineering]], [[HVAC|heating]] engineering and [[air conditioning]] technology.

== Coat of arms ==
[[Image:Wien - Bezirk Mariahilf, Wappen.svg|thumb|right|140px|The coat of arms of Mariahilf]]
The district's arms combine those of the five independent communities from which it was formed in 1850:

* The inescutcheon (for Mariahilf) shows [[Don John of Austria]] standing in a ship flying the imperial banner. His victory over the Turks in the naval [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|battle of Lepanto]] was attributed to the help of the [[Virgin Mary]]
* The first quarter (for Laimgrube) shows [[Theobald of Provins|Saint Theobald]] in monastic garb before an altar; to his left stands a church. These arms go back to a chapel which was dedicated to St Theobald in 1621
* The second quarter (for Windmühle) also shows Saint Theobald, but as a bishop, with a church to his right
* The third quarter (for Magdalenengrund) shows the district's namesake Mary Magdelene kneeling before the cross
* The fourth quarter (for Gumpendorf) shows three fleurs-de-lys on a ''chapé ployé'' field. These were the arms of the Muschinger family, who were lords of Gumpendorf in the 16th century

== Sights ==
[[Image:Mariahilf - Kirche, Mariahilferstraße 55-57.JPG|thumb|{{lang|de|Mariahilfer Kirche}} ({{Literal translation|Mariahilf church}})]]
[[Image:Mariahilf (Wien) - Linke Wienzeile, Höhe Kettenbrücke(ngasse).JPG|thumb|Wienzeile house of Otto Wagner.]]
[[Image:WienRaimundtheater.jpg|right|thumb|Raimund Theater]]
[[File:HaydnsHouseInVienna.PNG|thumb|Haydnhaus]]
* [[Arik Brauer House]]
* [[Mariahilf Fire Station]]
* [[Gustav Adolf Church, Vienna|Gustav Adolf Church]]
* The [[Haus des Meeres]] aquarium in one of the [[flak tower]]s
* [[Mariahilfer Kirche]] (church)
* [[Gumpendorf Church]]
* [[Naschmarkt]]
* [[Fillgraderstiege]]
* [[Rosa Lila Villa]] – Vienna's [[LGBTQ]] community center
* [[Raimundtheater]]
* [[Theater an der Wien]]

=== Theatres ===
[[Theater an der Wien]], on the Linke Wienzeile, was built in 1801 and is now one of the members of the United Stages of Vienna. [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] lived between 1803 and 1804 part-time in the building, where today a memorial room is dedicated. Raimund Theater, on Wallgasse at the other end of the district, is named after [[Ferdinand Raimund]]. In the mid-1980s the theatre became part of the United Stages of Vienna, joining Theater an der Wien and Roacher, and is a venue for Broadway-scale musicals. In addition to these two stages, there are smaller theatres, like TAG (Theater an der Gumpendorferstraße), and Theater Brett.

=== Museums ===
The District Museum of Mariahilf, on Mollardgasse, is dedicated to, inter alia, focusing Ratzenstadl (Magdalenengrund), [[Theater an der Wien]], and the Palais Kaunitz-Esterhazy. In the same house is also the Phonographic Vienna Museum, which deals with the history of the [[phonograph]], also as the Glass Museum Mariahilf. A former [[flak tower]] is home to the ''Haus des Meeres'' ("house of the sea"), the city's aquarium whose biggest attractions at its 2007 opening included a 300,000 litre shark tank.

The [https://www.wienmuseum.at/haydnhaus_en Haydn-House] on Haydngasse was the home of composer [[Joseph Haydn]], acquired in 1793 and inhabited until his death in 1809. Today, the house is a branch of the [[Vienna Museum]]. Other museums in Mariahilf are the ''Kaffeemuseum'' (coffee museum) with numerous exhibits on the topic of coffee, and the ''Sanitärhistorische Museum'' (Sanitary Historical Museum).

== Notable residents ==
{{Category see also|People from Mariahilf}}
* [[Victor Adler]] – [[Austria]]n [[Social Democrat]]ic leader
* [[Ludwig Anzengruber]] – Austrian dramatist, novelist and poet
* [[Otto Bauer]] – [[Austria]]n [[Social Democrat]]
* [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] – German composer
* [[Robert Bleichsteiner]] (1891–1954) ethnologist
* [[Elfi von Dassanowsky]] – Austrian-American singer, pianist, film producer and humanitarian
* [[Fanny Elssler]] – Austrian [[ballerina]]
* [[Franz Joseph Haydn]] – composer
* [[Hans Krankl]] – [[Austria]]n former professional [[Association football|footballer]]
* [[Franz Lehár]] – composer
* [[Siegfried Marcus]] – inventor and automobile pioneer
* [[Carl Millöcker]] – Austrian composer of [[operetta]]s and conductor
* [[Ferdinand Raimund]] – actor and [[dramatist]]
* [[Emanuel Schikaneder]] – German [[impresario]], dramatist, actor, and singer; librettist of [[Mozart]]'s opera ''[[The Magic Flute]]'' and the founder of [[Theater an der Wien]].
* [[August Siccard von Siccardsburg]] – Austrian architect, designed the [[Vienna State Opera]]
* [[Michael Thonet]] – German-Austrian [[cabinet maker]]
* [[Eduard van der Nüll]] – Austrian architect, designed the Vienna State Opera
* [[Oskar Werner]] – Austrian actor
*[[Katharina Mazepa]] – Austrian model
* [[Adolf Hitler]] – Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party <ref>
Hamann, Brigitte (2010) [1999]. ''Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant as a Young Man''. Trans. Thomas Thornton. London; New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. {{ISBN|978-1-84885-277-8}}.
</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* "Wien - 6. Bezirk/Mariahilf", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages): [http://www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/mariahilf/ Wien.gv.at-mariahilf]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in German).
* [[Ernest Blaschek]] (Hg.): ''Mariahilf einst und jetzt'' (Mariahilf once and now). [[Gerlach & Wiedling]], Vienna 1926.
* [[Felix Czeike]]: ''Wiener Bezirkskulturführer: VI. Mariahilf'' (Vienna Cultural Leader: VI. Mariahilf). [[Jugend und Volk]], Vienna 1981, {{ISBN|3-7141-6234-8}}.
* [[Kunsthistorische Arbeitsgruppe GeVAG]] (Hg.): ''Wiener Fassaden des 19. Jahrhunderts: Wohnhäuser in Mariahilf'' (Vienna of the 19th Century: Residences in Mariahilf). [[Böhlau Verlag|Böhlau]], Vienna 1976, {{ISBN|3-205-08172-2}}.
* [[Carola Leitner]] (Hg.): ''Mariahilf: Wiens 6. Bezirk in alten Fotografien'' (Vienna's 6th District in Old Photographs). [[Ueberreuter]], Wien 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-8000-7248-4}}.
* [[Susanne Schestak-Hörschläger]]: ''Mariahilf – die Wiege der Arbeiterbewegung: Geschichte der Sozialdemokratie in Mariahilf'' (Mariahilf - Part of the Worker's Movement: History of Social-democracy in Mariahilf). [[Verl. d. SPÖ Wien]], Vienna 1989.

== External links ==
{{wikivoyage|Vienna/Mariahilf}}
{{commons category|Mariahilf}}
* ''[http://www.mariahilferstrasse.at/ Mariahilferstrasse]'': Vienna's largest shopping street.
* ''[http://www.villa.at/ Rosa Lila Villa]''

{{coord|48|11|43|N|16|20|59|E|region:AT-9_type:adm2nd|display=title}}
{{Districts of Mariahilf}}
{{Districts of Vienna}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mariahilf| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Vienna]]