View source for Marinduque

{{Short description|Province in Mimaropa, Philippines}}
{{about|the Philippine province}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Marinduque
| settlement_type          = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| image_skyline            = {{Photomontage
| photo1a         = Marinduque_2.JPG
| photo2a         = 
Port Of Balanacan.jpg
| photo2b         = 
San Jose Esposo de Maria Parish Church, Gasan, Marinduque.jpg
| photo3a         = Marinduque_Island.jpg
| size            = 250
| position        = center
| spacing         = 5
| color           = transparent
| border          = 0
}}
| image_caption            = (Clockwise from top:) {{hlist | Northern section of Marinduque| [[Gasan, Marinduque|San Jose Esposo de Maria Church]] | Marinduque Island viewed from a passenger ship in [[Tayabas Bay]] | Port of Balanacan
}}
| image_flag               = {{PH wikidata|image_flag}}
| flag_size                = 120x80px
| image_seal               = Ph seal Marinduque.png
| seal_size                = 100x80px
| nickname                 =
| image_map                = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption              = Location in the Philippines
| image_map1               = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
| coordinates              = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{PH wikidata|country}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| established_title        = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date         = May 1, 1901
| established_title2       = Annexation to [[Quezon|Tayabas]]
| established_date2        = November 10, 1902
| established_title3       = Reestablished
| established_date3        = February 21, 1920
| seat_type                = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest municipality}}
| seat                     = {{PH wikidata|seat}}
| anthem                   = ''Himno ng Marinduque'' <br> {{small|(Marinduque Hymn)}} {{center|[[File:Himno ng Marinduque.mp3]]}}
| leader_party             =
| leader_title             = [[Governor]]
| leader_name              = Melecio J. Go ([[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan|PDP-Laban]])
| leader_title1            = [[Vice Governor]]
| leader_name1             = Romulo A. Bacorro Jr. ([[Independent politician|Independent]])
| leader_title2            = [[Sangguniang Panlalawigan|Legislature]]
| leader_name2             = [[Marinduque Provincial Board]]
| area_footnotes           = <ref name=nscblist>{{cite web|title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |access-date=February 20, 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111015112/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |archive-date=January 11, 2013 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_rank                = 76th out of 81
| population_demonym       = {{unbulleted list|Marinduquehin|Marinduqueño/a|Marindukanon}}
| population_total         = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of         = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes     = {{PH census|current|04B}}
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_rank          = 69th out of 81
| population_density_rank  = 37th out of 81
| demographics_type1       = Divisions
| demographics1_title1     = [[Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities|Independent&nbsp;cities]]
| demographics1_info5      = [[Legislative district of Marinduque]]
| postal_code_type         = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code                = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| area_code_type           = {{areacodestyle}}
| iso_code                 = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}}
| blank_name_sec1          = Spoken languages
| blank_info_sec1          = {{hlist | [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (Marinduqueño dialect) | [[English language|English]] }}
| website                  = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| elevation_max_m          = 1157
| elevation_max_point      = [[Mount Malindig]]
| demographics1_info1      = 0
| demographics1_title2     = [[Cities of the Philippines|Component cities]]
| demographics1_info2      = 0
| demographics1_title3     = [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]]
| demographics1_info3      = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 6
 | {{PH wikidata|municipalities}}
}}
| demographics1_title4     = [[Barangay]]s
| demographics1_info4      = 218
| demographics1_title5     = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Districts]]
| timezone                 = [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]]
| utc_offset               = +8
}}

'''Marinduque''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|æ|r|ə|n|ˈ|d|uː|k|eɪ}}; {{IPA|tl|maɾinˈduke}}), officially the '''Province of Marinduque''', is an [[island]] [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] in the [[Philippines]] located in [[Southwestern Tagalog Region]] or [[Mimaropa]], formerly designated as Region IV-B. Its capital is the municipality of [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]], the most populous in the province. Marinduque lies between [[Tayabas Bay]] to the north and [[Sibuyan Sea]] to the south. It is west of the [[Bondoc Peninsula]] of [[Quezon]] province in mainland [[Luzon]]; east of [[Mindoro Island]]; and north of the island province of [[Romblon]]. Some parts of the [[Verde Island Passage]], the center of the center of world's marine biodiversity and a protected marine area, are also within Marinduque's provincial waters.

The province of Marinduque was ranked number 1 by the [[Philippine National Police]] and Philippine Security Forces as the 2013 Most Peaceful Province of the country due to its low crime rate statistics alternately ranking with the province of [[Batanes]] yearly. Furthermore, for almost 200 years, the province has been home to one of the oldest religious festivals in the country, the [[Moriones]] celebrated annually every [[Holy Week]].

==Etymology==
The most accepted theory of the etymology of the province's name is a Hispanized corruption of either ''malindig'' or ''malindug'', which means "stand tall" or "elegant", in reference to a potentially active volcano in the southern section of the island, the [[Mount Malindig]].<ref name="mar1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ucJAQAAIAAJ |year=1977 |first2=Ernesto |last2=Constantino |page=4 |title=Selected writings of Cecilio Lopez in Philippine linguistics |last=Lopez |first=Cecilio |publisher=Archives of Philippine Languages and Dialects, University of the Philippines}}</ref>

In 1676, Domingo Navarette wrote in ''Tratados historicos...'', "The island which the people from there call ''Minolo'' is named ''Mindoro'' by the Spaniards, and that of ''Malindic'' we call ''Marinduque''." (trans. by E.H. Blaire and J.A. Robertson)<ref name="BRV38">{{cite book |title= The Philippine Islands, 149–1898 Vol. 38|last=Blair|first=Emma |year=1906 |publisher=Arthur H. Clark Company|page=72|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50111/50111-h/50111-h.htm#xd21e706}}</ref>

==History==
{{Quote box
| title = Historical affiliations
| quote = {{flag|Spain|1587}} 1570–1898<br />{{flagu|United States|1898|name=United States of America}} 1898–1942<br />{{flagu|Japan|1942}} 1942–1945<br />{{flagu|Philippines|1946}} 1946–present
| align = right
| width = 24em
| fontsize = 90%
| bgcolor = #B0C4DE
}}

===Middle ages===
The island was called Malindig in Tagalog and Malindog in Visayan languages. It was likely a constituent of the Kingdom of Luzon, due to the immediate Spanish claims to the island after the fall of Manila in May 1570.

It is possible that there were nobility who ruled Malindig since there were principalia or princely figures in Marinduque during Spanish rule.

===Spanish rule===
From the Visayan name Malindog, Marinduque became the name of the island in Castilian.

In 1571, [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[Miguel López de Legaspi]] had entrusted (''[[encomienda]]'') Marinduque to Fr. Pedro de Herrera, the first [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] priest who introduced Christianity to Marinduqueños.

Marinduque was part of the province of [[Batangas|Balayan]] (now Batangas) in the 16th century, and of [[Mindoro]] from the 17th to 19th century.

[[Antoine-Alfred Marche]], a French naturalist, carried out an archaeological investigation in Marinduque from April to July 1881. An abundant yield of urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls, and other ornaments were found. He brought these to France in 40 crates. Part of it is said to be housed at the ''[[Musée de l'Homme]]'' ("museum of man") in France. The finds also included an image of wooden polytheistic religious statues (''anito'') which at the time were already called ''pastores'' by Marinduqueños.

One of the artifacts found by Marche also found its way to the [[National Museum of Natural History]] of the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington, D.C. (Catalogue No. A127996-0, Department of Anthropology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution). Fragile jarlets that were found were said to have travelled from China to Marinduque. Buried in a cave for centuries and excavated in the late 19th century, these were brought to Paris and one was then brought to the Smithsonian Institution museum.

===First Philippine Republic===
Marinduque, governed through the province of Mindoro, was a constituent of the first Philippine Republic from January 1899 to April 1901 under Pres. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]].

During the [[Philippine–American War]], Marinduque was the first province where American invaders established [[concentration camps]].<ref>Birtle, p. 272</ref> In the [[Battle of Pulang Lupa]], under the direction of Colonel [[Maximo Abad]], 250 Filipino soldiers defeated 54 American infantrymen.

===American rule===
Col. Abad after capturing the Americans later surrendered on 15 April 1901, upon orders from Pres. Aguinaldo and due to the capture of Gov. Martin Lardizabal and two other officials who were held hostage by the Americans at [[Fort Santiago]].<ref name=Foreman>Foreman, J., 1906, The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons</ref>{{rp|535}}

On 23 June 1902, by virtue of Act No. 423, the US-Philippine Commission annexed the islands of [[Mindoro]] (now two separate provinces) and [[Lubang Island|Lubang]] (now part of [[Occidental Mindoro]]) to the province. Four months later, on the 10th of November, Marinduque was annexed to the province of [[Quezon province|Tayabas]] (now Quezon) by virtue of Act No. 499.

On 21 February 1920, Act No. 2280 was passed by the [[Philippine Congress]], reestablishing Marinduque as a separate province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://marinduque.gov.ph/history/|title=History, Culture and Tradition|website=Province of Marinduque|accessdate=23 April 2022}}</ref>

According to [[Henry Otley Beyer]], an American anthropologist, while many other accidental discoveries and finds have been recorded from time to time and European and Filipino scientists had casually explored a few burial caves and sites, no systematic work had been done anywhere else prior to these explorations. After Marche, the next important archaeological work was undertaken by Dr. Carl Gunthe in the [[Visayas|Visayas Island Group]] in 1922.

===Commonwealth of the Philippines===

In November 1935, Marinduque became a province of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under Pres. Manuel Quezon. The [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]] was stationed in the province; the general headquarters was active from 1935 to 1942.

===Japanese occupation===
In 1942, during the [[Second World War]], [[Japanese Imperial forces]] landed on Marinduque.{{elucidate|date=April 2016}} The province was re-annexed to Tayabas, but re-established as an independent province in 1945.<ref>"Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me as Head of the Central Administrative Organization by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that—
# The Province of Batanes is abolished and the comprising the same as well as the territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province Cagayan.
# The municipalities of Baler and Casiguran, Province of Tayabas, and the territories thereof are segregated from said province and shall be annexed to the Province of Nueva Ecija.
# The municipality of Infanta, Province of Tayabas, and the territory thereof are segregated from province and shall be annexed to the Province of Laguna.
# The Province of Marinduque is abolished and municipalities comprising the same as well as territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province of Tayabas.
# The Province of Romblon is abolished and the municipalities comprising the same as well the territory thereof shall be annexed to the of Capiz."</ref><ref>Provisions of this order only apply for the duration of the Japanese occupation; revoked after the restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945.</ref>

===Second Philippine Republic===

In October 1943, Marinduque became a province of the Second Philippine Republic under Pres. Jose Laurel. The sovereign, however, was the Japanese emperor.

In 1945, combined American and Filipino troops liberated the province from Japanese forces, returning the province to the Commonwealth of the Philippines under Pres. Sergio Osmeña. In addition to the return of the [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]], the [[Philippine Constabulary]] was also stationed in the province. These were active from 1945 to 1946.

===Third Philippine Republic to present===

Archaeological findings that help inform Marinduque's history are exhibited at the Marinduque Museum in Poblacion at Boac and in foreign museums. The artifacts are to be analysed to aid the historiography of the island and the province.

==Geography==

{{Multiple image
| width = 220
| align     = center
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = Marinduque 2.JPG
| image2    = Marinduque 1.JPG
| caption1  = {{center|Northern section}}
| caption2  = {{center|Southern section}}
}}

Marinduque is considered as the geographical center of the Philippine archipelago by the [[Luzon Datum of 1911]], the mother of all Philippine geodetic surveys.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} The province is a "heart-shaped" island with a total land area of {{convert|952.58|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}}, situated between [[Tayabas Bay]] in the north and [[Sibuyan Sea]] to the south. It is separated from the [[Bondoc Peninsula]] in Quezon by the Mompong Pass. West of Marinduque is [[Tablas Strait]], which separates it from [[Mindoro Island]].

Some of the smaller islands to the northeast are Polo Island, Maniwaya Island, and Mompong Island. Southwest portion includes the Tres Reyes Islands and Elephant Island.

The highest peak in Marinduque is [[Mount Malindig]] (formerly called Mt. Marlanga), a potentially active [[stratovolcano]] with an elevation of {{convert|1157|m}} [[above sea level]], located at the southern tip of the island.

'''Cave Systems'''

Various cave systems occupy the province, including:
* Bathala Cave located near Barangay Ipil in Sta. Cruz town;
* Tarug Caves is located at Barangay Tarug, in the town of Mogpog, a three-chambered caves of limestone formation. It rises steeply to 270 feet above the ground and is located 331&nbsp;ft above sea level. The pinnacle is barely 3 square meters.
* Bagumbungan Cave, a cave system in San Isidro and Punong with complex subterranean river<ref>{{Cite web|last=Solobackpacker|first=Thepinay|date=May 28, 2019|title=Bagumbungan Cave: Travel Guide (Budget + Itinerary)|url=https://www.thepinaysolobackpacker.com/bagumbungan-cave/|access-date=December 15, 2020|website=The Pinay Solo Backpacker Itinerary Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jeric|title=...: Bagumbungan Cave {{!}} Marinduque's Newest Attraction|url=https://traveljepar.blogspot.com/2016/05/bagumbungan-cave-marinduques-newest.html|access-date=December 15, 2020|website=...}}</ref>
* Talao Caves, a 12 series of caves overlooking the western part of the island.

===Climate===
Marinduque has a [[Climate of the Philippines#Climate types|Type III climate]], having rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year with no clear boundary between dry and wet seasons. The annual mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures were calculated at {{convert|27.0|C|1}}, {{convert|32.9|C|1}} and {{convert|22.3|C|1}} respectively. The humidity average is 78% year-round with an average annual rainfall totaling {{convert|2,034.6|mm|1|abbr=in}}.<ref name="marinduque">{{cite journal | author= Birtle, Andrew J. | title=The U.S. Army's Pacification of Marinduque, Philippine Islands, April 1900 – April 1901 | journal= The Journal of Military History |date=April 1997| volume=61 | issue= 2| pages=255–282 | doi=10.2307/2953967 | jstor= 2953967 | publisher= Society for Military History }}<br />{{cite book | author=Jessup, Philip Caryl| title=Elihu Root | publisher=Dodd, Mead, & Co./Reprint Services Corp | year=1938 | isbn = 0-7812-4908-2}}http://www.namria.gov.ph</ref>

===Administrative divisions===
Marinduque comprises 6 [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]], further subdivided into 218 [[barangay]]s. A [[Legislative district of Marinduque|double legislative districts]] encompasses all towns.{{PSGC detail|nscb}}

[[File:Ph fil marinduque.png|thumb|upright=1.1|{{center|'''Political map of Marinduque'''}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:white;font-size:95%;border-collapse:collapse;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! scope="col" style="border-width:thin 0 0 thin;" class="unsortable" rowspan=2 |
! scope="col" style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:left;padding-right:1.5em;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Municipality{{thinsp}}{{efn-lr|name=Coord}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan=3 | Population
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | {{PSGC rubric}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Area{{PSGC detail|nscb}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Density{{thinsp}}{{small|(2020)}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Barangay|Total number of barangays}}
|-
! style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;" colspan=2 |
! style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;" colspan=2 | {{small|(2020)}}{{PH census|2020|04B}}
! style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;" | {{small|(2015)}}{{PH census|2015|04B}}
! style="border-top:0;" |
! style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;" | km<sup>2</sup>
! style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|sq{{thinsp}}mi}}
! style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;" | /km<sup>2</sup>
! style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|/sq{{thinsp}}mi}}
! style="border-top:0;" |
|-
! scope="row" style="border-width:medium 0 medium medium;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.4483|N|121.8418|E|name=Boac|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-width:medium 0 medium;" | [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]]
| style="border-width:medium medium medium 0;padding-right:0.7em;" | †
| {{percent and number|57,283|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 54,730
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|57,283|2015.3315|54,730}}
| {{convert|212.70|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|57,283/212.70|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 61
|-
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.2547|N|121.9436|E|name=Buenavista|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan=2 | [[Buenavista, Marinduque|Buenavista]]
| {{percent and number|26,043|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 23,988
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|26,043|2015.3315|23,988}}
| {{convert|81.25|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|26,043/81.25|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
|-
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.3233|N|121.8459|E|name=Gasan|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan=2 | [[Gasan, Marinduque|Gasan]]
| {{percent and number|36,197|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 34,828
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|36,197|2015.3315|34,828}}
| {{convert|100.88|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|36,197/100.88|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 25
|-
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.4764|N|121.8629|E|name=Mogpog|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan=2 | [[Mogpog, Marinduque|Mogpog]]
| {{percent and number|34,516|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 34,043
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|34,516|2015.3315|34,043}}
| {{convert|108.06|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|34,516/108.06|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 37
|-
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.4734|N|122.0284|E|name=Santa Cruz|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan=2 | [[Santa Cruz, Marinduque|Santa&nbsp;Cruz]]
| {{percent and number|54,692|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 56,408
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|54,692|2015.3315|56,408}}
| {{convert|270.77|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|54,692/270.77|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 55
|-
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;" | {{coord|13.3194|N|122.0862|E|name=Torrijos|region:PH-MAD_type:city|format=hidden}}
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan=2 | [[Torrijos, Marinduque|Torrijos]]
| {{percent and number|30,476|239,207|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 30,524
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|30,476|2015.3315|30,524}}
| {{convert|178.92|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|30,476/178.92|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 25
|- class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" style="border-right:0;" |
! colspan=3 style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:medium;font-variant:small-caps;letter-spacing:0.05em;" | Total
! style="text-align:right;" | 239,207
! style="text-align:right;" | 234,521
! style="text-align:right;" | {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|239,207|2015.3315|234,521}}
! style="text-align:right;" | 952.58
! style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|952.58|km2|disp=number|2}}
! style="text-align:right;" | {{sigfig|239,207/952.58|2}}
! style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|{{sigfig|239,207/952.58|2}}|PD/km2|disp=number}}
! 218
|- class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;line-height:1.3em;border-top:double grey;"
| colspan=2 style="border-width:thin 0 0 thin;" |
| colspan=5 style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0;" | {{Color box|white|†|border=darkgray}}{{thinsp}}Provincial&nbsp;capital
| colspan=6 style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:left;padding:0.7em 0;" | {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}}{{thinsp}}Municipality
|- class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;line-height:1.3em;font-size:110%;"
| colspan=13 style="border-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0 12em;" |
{{notelist-lr|refs=
{{efn-lr|name=Coord|The ''globe''&nbsp;[[File:WMA button2b.png|frameless|upright=0.1]] icon marks the [[town&nbsp;center]].}}
}}
|}

;Boac: The capital of the province. The most populous town in the province Boac remains the center of industry, culture, economy, and education. Most government and private offices are in the municipality of Boac. It also borders all five municipalities. Mogpog to the North, Santa Cruz to the Northeast, Torrijos to the East, Buenavista to the South, and Gasan to the Southwest. Boac is named after the Tagalog word, {{lang|tl|biak}}, which means divided, due to the Boac River dividing the town in the geographic north and south.

;Gasan: The Cultural Nerve Center of the province. Dubbed as one of the cleanest and greenest municipalities in the Philippines, Gasan's land area covers a forest reserve in the eastern part. It is also the gateway to the island of Mindoro. Handicrafts and the famous Kalutang boasts from the town of Gasan. It was named after {{lang|tl|gasang-gasang}}, a local term for [[corals]] found in the municipality.

;Buenavista: The smallest of the six municipalities. It was once part of the municipality of Gasan known as Sabang. It was named such because of the "good view" of the Tablas Strait and offshore islands.

;Torrijos: Named after three purported origins; 1) from Gen. Torrijos, 2) from ''torrillos'', referring to the cows which pastured in its vast plains, and 3) from ''torre y hijos'', referring to the watchtower men guarding the [[parish]]. Torrijos is deemed to be the summer capital of the Province and is known for its locally-grown strawberries.

;Santa Cruz: The largest of all the six municipalities in terms of land area and the second most populous town after Boac . It is considered a secondary municipality after Boac (since it is the capital). Together with Boac, it is also a first-class municipality with established industries and commercial routines.

;Mogpog: The Primary Gateway of the Province through the Balanacan Port. It is the original home of the Moriones Lenten Rites and Kangga Festiva. Mogpog was named after the Tagalog word, {{lang|tl|mag-aapog}} or kiln makers abundant in the municipality.

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| cols = 3
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2025 =
| 2030 =
| footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015|04B}}{{PH census|2010|04B}}{{PH census|2010}}<ref name="NSOR4B-2007Census">{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet; Region IV-B; Mimaropa' 2007 Census of Population|url=http://www.nso-r4b.webs.com/special%20release/POPCEN%20Factsheet.pdf|website=Philippine Statistics Authority – Region IV-B|access-date=July 8, 2016}}</ref>
}}

The population of Marinduque in the 2020 census was 239,207 people,{{PH census|current|04B}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|239,207/952.58|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}, hence, it is the most densely populated province in the [[Mimaropa]] Region.

===Religion===
Marinduque is resided by various religious groups, with [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Catholics]] making up the greatest proportion with 70%.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} The [[Iglesia Filipina Independiente]] has 25% of the population {{citation needed|date=May 2017}} and the rest belongs to the different denominations such as [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], [[Iglesia ni Cristo]], and various Mainline [[Protestantism in the Philippines|Protestant]] denominations which include Assemblies of God, [[Baptist Church|Baptists]], JIL, [[Methodist Church|Methodists]], [[Presbyterian Church|Presbyterian]], [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] (SDA), and the non-denominational Evangelical churches also known as Born-Again Christians. Muslims, [[Dambana|Anitists]], animists, and atheists are also present in the province.

===Language===
The version of [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] spoken in Marinduque, known as the ''Marinduque Tagalog'', has been described as "the root from which [[filipino language|modern national forms of speech]] have sprung," where remnants of [[old Tagalog|archaic Tagalog]] could be found, spoken in a [[lilting]] manner by its inhabitants. If this linguistic theory is accurate, Marinduque's Tagalog has contributed significantly to the development of the official [[filipino language|Philippine national language]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.travelblog.org/Asia/Philippines/Marinduque/blog-462972.html |title = My Marinduque &#124; Travel Blog}}</ref>{{synthesis inline|date=July 2016}}

To this day, Marinduqueños speak an old variation of the Tagalog language that is very close to the way Tagalog was spoken before the Spanish colonization. According to language experts {{who|date=July 2012}}, the Tagalog dialects of Marinduque are the most divergent, especially the Eastern Marinduque dialect, perhaps due to the relative isolation from the Tagalogs of mainland Luzon and also perhaps due to the influence of the Visayan and Bikol migrants.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://salitablog.blogspot.com/2007/03/tagalog-verbs.html | title=Salita Blog: Tagalog verbs| date=March 30, 2007}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=July 2016}} Many educated Marinduqueños speak versions of Tagalog during Spanish colonial era and with English terms, closer to modern Filipino or standard Tagalog, because of mass media and modern versions of Tagalog Bible, and retaining Visayan and Bikol influence.

Linguist Rosa Soberano's 1980 ''The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog'' goes into great depth concerning the dialects spoken there. The following is a verb chart which outlines the conjugation of the Eastern Marinduque dialect of Tagalog:

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Infinitive
! scope="col" | Contemplative<br />(future actions)
! scope="col" | Progressive<br />(past and present actions)
! scope="col" | Completed<br />(past actions)
! scope="col" | Imperative
|-
! scope="row" | Actor Focus 1
| -um-
(gumawa)
(future actions)
| má-
(mágawâ)
| ná-
(nágawâ)
| -um-
(gumawa)
| 0
(gawa)
|-!
! scope="row" | Actor Focus 2
| mag-
(magbigay)
| (ma)ga-
([ma]gabigay)
| naga-
(nagabigay)
| nag-
(nagbigay)
| pag-
(pagbigay)
|-!
! scope="row" | Object Focus 1
| -in
(kainin)
| a-
(akainin)
| ina-
(inakain)
| -in-
(kinain)
| -a
(kaina)
|-!
! scope="row" | Object Focus 2
| i-
(isulat)
| a-
(asulat)
| ina-
(inasulat)
| i- -in-
(isinulat)
| -an
(sulatan)
|-!
! scope="row" | Object Focus 3
| -an
(tawagan)
(future actions)
| a-...-an
(atawagan)
| ina- ... -an
(inatawagan)
| -in- ... -an
(tinawagan)
| -i
(tawagi)
|}

Linguist Christopher Sundita observed that some of the affixes in Marinduque Tagalog, particularly "a-" and "ina-," are affixes used in Asi (Bantoanon), a Visaya language spoken in Romblon, just south of Marinduque. Marinduque Tagalog, like the Tagalog spoken over two centuries ago, had an additional verb category, the imperative, which was used for commands and requests (e.g., Matulog ka na - Go to sleep). Even then, the imperative and the infinitive were used side by side in expressing commands; but in standard Tagalog, apparently the infinitive became used exclusively. And in the Eastern Marinduque dialect, imperative affixes are very much alive.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://salitablog.blogspot.com/ |title=Home |website=salitablog.blogspot.com}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}
Marinduque is an agricultural province, primarily growing rice and coconuts. Handicrafts from Marinduque are also exported to dıfferent parts of the world, and fishing is another important part of the economy. Mining was once an important player in the economy until a mining accident (the [[Marcopper Mining Disaster]]) occurred, bringing the industry to a standstill on the island and causing enormous damage to the inhabitants. The provincial government has just recently{{when|date=July 2016}} sued Marcopper's parent company, [[Placer Dome]], for $100 million in damages. Placer Dome was purchased in 2006 by [[Barrick Gold]], who has now been joined in the lawsuit.

A significant role in Marinduque's economy is also played by tourism, especially during the [[Lent|Lenten season]]. While this is not one of the larger parts of the island's economy, it has shown great growth. Recently,{{when|date=July 2016}} some residents are now engaged in butterfly farming. Butterflies are raised for export to countries in both Europe and the Americas. Locally, live butterflies are released in celebration on different occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, and some corporate events.
{{clear-left}}

==Culture==

=== Festivals ===
The [https://www.travelingmorion.com/2019/01/marinduque-moriones-festival-2019.html Moriones Festival] is an annual festival, locally known as "Moryonan", celebrated in Marinduque from March to April. In [[Santa Cruz, Marinduque|Santa Cruz]], [[Gasan, Marinduque|Gasan]], [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]], and [[Mogpog, Marinduque|Mogpog]], a parade of people dressed as "Moryons" can be seen on the main road connecting the towns of the island. [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]] and [[Santa Cruz, Marinduque|Santa Cruz]], the biggest towns in the province, show a reenactment in the evening of the actual event when [[Longinus (Christian mythology)|Longinus]], a blind soldier, punctures Jesus with his spear and blood droplets from the wound restore Longinus's sight.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}

=== Music ===
Marinduque is home to the '''kalutang''', a musical instrument made of two pieces of wood that produce different note ranges depending on its size. A band of 10 to 12 can create music with this instrument.<ref name=PhilStar>{{cite news|last1=Pasaylo|first1=Jun|title=Unveiling other treasures of Marinduque|url=http://www.philstar.com/breaking-news/796944/unveiling-other-treasures-marinduque|access-date=December 27, 2015|newspaper=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=April 15, 2012}}</ref> In 2011, the ''kalutang instrument'' was cited by the [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] as one of the intangible cultural heritage of the Philippines under the traditional craftsmanship category that the government may nominate in the [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub3/sub2.php#self | title=ICHCAP &#124; e-Knowledge Center | access-date=April 23, 2018 | archive-date=February 1, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201213333/http://www.ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub3/sub2.php#self | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Government==
Marinduque had its own [[Governor of Marinduque|Governor]] running a sub-government under Tayabas (now [[Quezon]]) in 1902 and as a provincial government after gaining its independence from Tayabas in 1920. The Governor is assisted by the [[List of vice governors of Marinduque|Vice Governor]], who presides over the [[Marinduque Provincial Board]].

==Transport==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2022}}
Marinduque was formerly served by direct [[Cebu Pacific]] flights to-and-from [[Manila]] and [[Marinduque Airport]] which is located in Masiga, roughly between [[Gasan, Marinduque|Gasan]] and [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]], but this has been discontinued.  Presently there are no commercial airlines flying to Marinduque. The province is also served by a seaport in Balanacan transporting cargo and passengers to and from [[Lucena, Philippines|Lucena]] in [[Quezon]] province. There is also a daily boat trip from [[General Luna, Quezon|General Luna]] in [[Quezon]] province to Santa Cruz and vice versa which stops at Maniwaya Island to drop off cargo and passengers.

==Media==
There are four radio stations in the province, three of which are operated by the [[Radyo Natin Network]] and the other, FM [[Nutriskwela Community Radio]] Station Radyo Kamalindig 94.1 DZNS, by the National Nutrition Council. Radyo Natin Network operates the call sign DZVH at 105.7&nbsp;MHz on FM radio from Boac, as well as the call sign DWMD 104.5&nbsp;MHz on FM radio from Santa Cruz and 100.1 FM from Torrijos. As for print media, there is no existing newspapers circulating in the province, aside from broadsheet and tabloid newspapers from Manila. Marinduque News Network, meanwhile, provides provincial and national news and information via [[the web]] and [[social media]]. In 2018, Marinduque News Network ventured with Lucky Seven Cable Services Corporation, a cable provider in Marinduque to showcase their programs through local cable television. The online news website which was founded by Romeo Mataac, Jr. in 2016 is located in Boac, Marinduque.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://marinduquenews.com/editorial-staff/ |title=About Us |publisher=Marinduque News Network |access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>

There are also existing cable providers and local cable stations operating in several municipalities in the province, namely Lucky Seven Cable Services Corporation (Boac), Marinduque Cable Television, Inc. (Boac), and G.R. CATV Services (Santa Cruz & Torrijos). Aside from these cable stations, there are also distributors of direct-to-home (DTH) satellite TV such as [[Cignal Digital TV]], [[Dream Satellite TV]], [[G Sat]], and [[Sky Direct]] who provide television services for its subscribers.

==Education==
{{directory|1=section|date=September 2018}}

=== Tertiary ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Buyabod School of Arts and Trades (BSAT) — Buyabod, [[Santa Cruz, Marinduque|Santa Cruz]]
* Educational Systems Technological Institute (ESTI) — Murallon, [[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]]
* Lighthouse Maritime Schools, Inc. (LMSI) — Boac
* Malindig Institute (MI) — Lapu-Lapu, Santa Cruz
* Marinduque Midwest College (MMC) — Dili, [[Gasan, Marinduque|Gasan]]
* Marinduque State University (MARSU) — College of Agriculture in Poctoy, [[Torrijos, Marinduque|Torrijos]]
* Marinduque State University (MARSU) — College of Fisheries in Banuyo, Gasan
* [[Marinduque State University]]  (MARSU) — Main College Campus in Tanza, Boac
* Marinduque State University (MARSU) — Marinduque Community University in Matalaba, Santa Cruz
* Marinduque State University (MARSU) — Santa Cruz Annex, Santa Cruz
* Marinduque Victorian University (MVU) — [[Buenavista, Marinduque|Buenavista]]
* Saint Mary's College of Boac (SMCB) — Isok, Boac
* Santa Cruz Institute (SCI) — Banahaw, Santa Cruz
* Torrijos Poblacion School of Arts and Trades (TPSAT) — Poctoy, Torrijos
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
* Cardinal [[Ricardo Vidal|Ricardo Jamin Vidal]] – [[archbishop]] emeritus of [[Cebu]] was born February 6, 1931, in Mogpog.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{GeoGroup}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Marinduque}}
* {{OSM relation|1506331}}
* Moriones Festival at [https://www.travelingmorion.com travelingmorion.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120212183505/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/2007/region%204b.pdf Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2007]

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Marinduque
| North     = [[Quezon]]<br />''[[Tayabas Bay]]''
| East      = ''[[Sibuyan Sea]]'' / [[Quezon]]
| South     = ''[[Sibuyan Sea]]''<br />[[Romblon]]
| West      = [[Oriental Mindoro]] / ''[[Sibuyan Sea]]''
| Northwest = [[Batangas]] / ''[[Tayabas Bay]]''
}}

{{Marinduque|state=expanded}}
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