View source for Marquess of Bute

{{short description|British title of nobility}}

{{Redirect2|Earl of Windsor|Earl of Bute|the British prime minister|John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute}}

{{EngvarB|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Marquessate of the County of Bute 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br/>[[File:Marquess of Bute COA.svg|180px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = '''''Arms of the Marquess of Bute:''''' Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for [[House of Stuart|Stuart]]); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
| creation_date     = 2 February 1796 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of Great Britain]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute
| heir_apparent     = John, Earl of Dumfries
| heir_presumptive  = 
| remainder_to      = the 1st Marquess's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = Lord Crichton of Sanquhar;<br/>Lord Mount Stuart;<br/>Baron Cardiff;<br/>Viscount of Kingarth;<br/>Viscount Mountjoy;<br/>Earl of Bute;<br/>Earl of Windsor;<br/>[[Earl of Dumfries]]
| status            = Extant 
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = [[Mount Stuart House]] 
| former_seat       = [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Dumfries House]], [[Castell Coch]], [[House of Falkland]], [[Luton Hoo]]
| motto             = Over the centre Crest:<br/>'''NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS''' (The wrath of the lion is noble)<br/>Over the dexter Crest:<br/>'''GOD SEND GRACE'''<br/>Over the sinister Crest:<br/>'''Avito viret honore''' (He flourishes in ancestral honour)
| footnotes         = Currently the [[Earldom of Dumfries]] resides with the Marquesses of Bute. However, it can be inherited through the female line through an amendment to its original creation. 
}}
'''Marquess of the County of Bute''', shortened in general usage to '''Marquess of Bute''',<ref name="bio">{{cite DWB| id=s-BUTE-BUT-1550| title=BUTE, Marquesses of Bute, Cardiff Castle, etc.| author=Sir William Llewelyn Davies| date=1959}}</ref> is a title in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. It was created in 1796 for [[John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]].

==Family history==
John Stuart was the member of a family that descended from John Stewart (1360–1449), [[Sheriff]] of [[County of Bute|Bute]], a natural son of [[Robert II of Scotland]] and his mistress Moira Leitch, married to Janet Sympil and, in 1407, to Elizabeth Graham. This John Stewart was granted the lands of [[Isle of Bute|Bute]], [[Isle of Arran|Arran]] and [[Cumbrae]] by his father. He was known as the 'Black Stewart' because of his dark complexion; his brother John Stewart of Dundonald was known as the 'Red Stewart'. The grant of lands was confirmed in 1400 by a [[Royal charter|charter]] of [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]].<ref name="clan">[http://www.scotsconnection.com/clan_crests/Stewart.htm Stewart Clan] Scots Connection (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref><ref>Anderson, William, ''The Scottish Nation: or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, and Biographical History of the People of Scotland'' (vol. I, ABE-CUR, Edinburgh, A. Fullarton & Co., 1862) pp 514–515, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bLQEAAAAIAAJ The Scottish nation] Google Books, (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref> About 1385, John Stewart of Bute was granted the hereditary office of Sheriff of Bute by his father Robert II. He died in 1449, aged 89.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nZ90l1_IzAC&pg=PA228 |title=Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy |date=18 April 2011 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9781446449110 |page=228 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=Robert |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004896980.0001.000/1:54?rgn=div1;view=fulltext |title=The Peerage of Scotland |date=1764}}</ref>

At about the time of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], the family adopted the spelling of 'Stuart', which she had used while living in France.<ref name=clan/> [[Stuart Baronets|James Stuart]], seventh in descent from the Black Stewart, was created a {{em|Baronet}}, of Bute, in the [[Baronetage of Nova Scotia]] on 28 March 1627. His grandson, the third Baronet, represented Bute in the [[Parliament of Scotland]] and was one of the Commissioners that negotiated the Union between Scotland and England. On 14 April 1703, he was raised to the [[Peerage of Scotland]] as {{em|Earl of Bute}}, {{em|Viscount of Kingarth}}, and {{em|Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock}}. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Earl of Bute and 4th Baronet, who sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[List of Scottish representative peers|Scottish representative peer]] and served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire]].

On his early death, the titles passed to his son, the third Earl. He became a politician and favourite of [[George III]] and served as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of Great Britain]] from 1762 to 1763. Lord Bute married [[Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute|Mary]], a daughter of [[Edward Wortley Montagu (diplomat)|Edward Wortley Montagu]] and his wife the writer [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]]. In 1761, Lord Bute's wife Mary was raised to the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] in her own right as {{em|Baroness Mount Stuart}}, of Wortley in the County of York, with remainder to the heirs male of her body by her then husband Lord Bute. Her son became the first Marquess of Bute, whose eldest son and heir [[John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (who predeceased his father) married Lady Elizabeth Penelope, daughter and heiress of [[Patrick McDouall-Crichton, 6th Earl of Dumfries]]. Lord Mount Stuart's eldest son John succeeded his maternal grandfather as seventh Earl of Dumfries in 1803, and his paternal grandfather as second Marquess of Bute in 1814. In 1805, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Crichton before Stuart. He was succeeded by his only child, the third Marquess. He was an antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron and also held the post of Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. It was the 3rd Marquess who, in 1868, first converted to [[Catholicism]],<ref>Bence-Jones, Mark, ''The Catholic Families'' (1992) London: Constable and Company Ltd., pp. 203–4</ref> since which time the family have remained of that faith. His son the fourth Marquess was also Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire.

His grandson, [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]], succeeded his father and was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire from 1967 to 1975. As of 2021, the peerages are held by the latter's grandson, John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute.

[[File:Marquess_of_Bute_chest.jpeg|thumb|left|This chest is on display at the [[Colintraive Hotel]] in [[Colintraive]], Argyll and Bute]]

===Bute family titles===
The Marquesses of Bute have important ancestors not only in Scotland but also in [[Wales]], including the first [[William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)|Lord Herbert of Cardiff]], son and heir of Richard Herbert of Ewyas. He was also created [[Earl of Pembroke]].<ref name="bio" /> After the [[Stuart Restoration]], most of the [[Herbert family]] property was sold, and the rest was owned by [[Thomas Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor|Thomas, Viscount Windsor]], who married Charlotte, the only child of [[Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke]]. In 1766, Viscount Windsor's granddaughter, [[Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor#Marriage and issue|Charlotte Jane]], was married to [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (1744-1814), the son and heir of the 3rd Earl of Bute, prime minister from 1762 to 1763,<ref name="bio" /> and through this marriage great estates in south Wales came into the Bute family. In 1776, sixteen years before he succeeded his father as Earl of Bute, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain in his own right as {{em|Baron Cardiff}}, of [[Cardiff Castle]] in the County of Glamorgan, in recognition of his substantial Welsh estates. In 1796, he was further honoured when he was created {{em|Earl of Windsor}} and {{em|Viscount Mountjoy}}, on the [[Isle of Wight]]; revivals of the titles once held by his wife's family, and {{em|Marquess of Bute}}. These titles are also in the Peerage of Great Britain.

==Other offices and duties==
The Marquess of Bute is the hereditary keeper of [[Rothesay Castle]], a privilege granted to the ancestor of the Earls and Marquesses of Bute, John Stewart, by [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] during the 14th century. In this capacity, the Crichton-Stuart family had been responsible for the upkeep and restoration of the castle until the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rothesay Castle |url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/managedproperties/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_238 |publisher=[[Historic Scotland]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=A Guide to Rothesay Castle |date=1870 |publisher=Biggar & Co |location=[[Rothesay, Bute|Rothesay]] |page=21}}</ref>

This branch of the Stewart (also Stuart) family previously held the office of Hereditary [[High Steward of Scotland]], an office now held by the [[Duke of Rothesay]] in his capacity as a direct descendant of the [[House of Stuart]].

== Other family members ==
Many other members of the family have gained distinction. Robert Stuart, a younger son of the first Baronet, was created a Baronet in his own right in 1707. The Hon. [[James Stuart-Mackenzie]], a younger son of the second Earl, succeeded to the Mackenzie estates through his paternal grandmother and assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Mackenzie. He was a member of parliament. The Hon. [[James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie]], second son of the third Earl, was a politician and the father of [[James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe]]. [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Charles Stuart (1753–1801)|Sir Charles Stuart]], fourth son of the third Earl, was a distinguished soldier and the father of [[Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay]]. The Most Reverend the Hon. [[William Stuart (archbishop)|William Stuart]], fifth son of the third Earl, was [[Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)|Archbishop of Armagh]]. His son [[William Stuart (1798-1874)|Sir William Stuart]] was a member of parliament. His eldest son [[William Stuart (1825-1893)|William Stuart]] also sat as a member of parliament. [[Lady Louisa Stuart]], daughter of the third Earl, was a writer. [[Lord Evelyn Stuart]], second son of the first Marquess, was a soldier and politician. Lord Henry Crichton-Stuart, third son of the first Marquess, was the father of [[Henry Villiers-Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Decies]] (see the [[Baron Stuart de Decies]] for more information on this branch of the family).

[[Lord William Stuart]], fourth son of the first Marquess, was a [[Captain (naval)|captain]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and Member of Parliament. Lord George Stuart (1780–1841), fifth son of the first Marquess, was a [[rear-admiral]] in the Royal Navy. [[Lord Dudley Stuart]], sixth son of the first Marquess (and eldest from his second marriage), was a member of parliament. [[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]], second son of Lord Mount Stuart, eldest son of the first Marquess, was Member of Parliament for [[Cardiff (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff]]. His eldest son [[James Crichton-Stuart]] also represented this constituency in Parliament. [[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]], second son of the third Marquess, was also Member of Parliament for Cardiff before his early death in the [[First World War]]. [[Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart]], third and youngest son of the third Marquess, sat as Member of Parliament for [[Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Northwich]] for many years. [[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute#Family life|Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart]] Crichton-Stuart, second son of the fourth Marquess, was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. Lord [[Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]], fifth and youngest son of the fourth Marquess, was a British member of the International Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone.

The Earls and Marquesses of Bute originally used the courtesy title Lord Mount Stuart for the heir apparent. After the Earldom of Dumfries was inherited by the second Marquess, the heir apparent has been styled Earl of Dumfries and his heir apparent is styled Lord Mount Stuart. However, the current Marquess John Bryson Crichton-Stuart was styled as Lord Mount Stuart for some years after his father inherited the marquessate in 1993. This was because his father was well known at the time as [[Johnny Dumfries]], Earl of Dumfries. Subsequently, the seventh Marquess became known as John or Johnny Bute and his heir adopted Jack Dumfries for short.

== Heraldic achievement (coat of arms) ==
{{Infobox coat of arms wide
| name =the Marquess of Bute 
| image =File:Coat of arms of the marquess of Bute.png 
| imagesize =300px
| notes = 
| year_adopted =
| coronet =A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Marquess]] 
| crests =Centre: A Demi-Lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azure (for Stuart); Dexter: A Dragon Vert, langued and crowned with an open Crown of four strawberry leaves Or (for Crichton); Sinister: A Wyvern proper, holding in the mouth a sinister Hand couped Gules (for the Lordship & Fife of Cardiff).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> 
| torse = 
| helm = 
| escutcheon =Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for Stuart); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).
| supporters =Dexter: A Stag proper, attired and gorged with an Earl's Coronet Or, having therefrom a chain reflexed over the back Gules; Sinister: A Horse Argent, bridled Gules.
| compartment = 
| motto =Over the centre Crest: '''NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS''' (The wrath of the lion is noble),
Over the dexter Crest: '''GOD SEND GRACE''',
Over the sinister Crest: '''Avito viret honore''' (To flourish in an honourable ancestry)
| orders =
| other_elements =Behind the shield placed in saltire, a Key Or, having within its handle a Fess chequy Azure and Argent, and a Rod Gules, surmounted with a Tower Argent, masoned Sable, conically capped loopholes and port Gules (being the Insignia of the Office of the Hereditary Keeper of Rothesay Castle).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>

| bannerimage = 
| banner = 
| badgeimage = 
| badge = 
| symbolism = 
| previous_versions = 
}}

==Seat==
[[File:Mount Stuart House, Isle of Bute - west view.jpg|thumb|West front, showing one of the wings surviving from the previous house]]

===Mount Stuart House===
[[Mount Stuart House]] is the seat of the family of the Stuarts of Bute, on land that has been in the family since 1157, on the [[Isle of Bute]].
[[James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute]], built a new Georgian house here, and this was finished in 1719. In 1877, it was damaged by fire, although the walls and most of the contents survived the blaze. A new Victorian Mount Stuart House was then built<ref>{{Cite web |title=House |url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house |website=Mountstuart.com}}</ref> and was the first in Scotland to have electric lighting throughout, as well as having the world's first heated pool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSA Building/Design Report: Mount Stuart |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=200194 |access-date=23 December 2014 |publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects}}</ref>

Although Mount Stuart House is the family seat of the Marquesses of Bute, the Mount Stuart Trust has operated it as a business since 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our story |url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house/power-of-imagination |website=mountstuart.com}}</ref>

==Former seats==
===Dumfries House===
In 1814, [[Dumfries House]], near [[Cumnock]], [[East Ayrshire]], was inherited by [[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute]], and the property remained in the Crichton-Stuart family for two centuries.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00149|desc=DUMFRIES HOUSE|access-date=30 December 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 1885, the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess of Bute]] commissioned [[Robert Weir Schultz]] to design the pavilions.<ref name="close">Close, Rob (1992) ''Ayrshire and Arran: An Illustrated Architectural Guide'', RIAS, pp.140-141</ref> The heads of the Crichton-Stuart family had their main residence at [[Mount Stuart House]] on the [[Isle of Bute]]. In the later 20th century, the house was inhabited by the [[Dowager]] Marchioness of Bute, Lady Eileen, until her death in 1993.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Auslan Cramb |date=2007-06-28 |title=Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1555879/Charles-saves-Dumfries-House-at-11th-hour.html |access-date=2007-06-28}}</ref> The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute|6th Marquess]] died a few months later and the house passed to her grandson the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]]; the racing driver known as John Bute.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Freyberg |first=Annabel |date=27 May 2011 |title=Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530002701/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html |archive-date=30 May 2011}}</ref>

Because of maintenance problems, in 2003 the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]] decided to sell Dumfries House and to send the contents to auction. However, [[Charles III|Charles III, (then)-Prince of Wales]] was able to arrange for the sale of the house, its contents, and its 2000-acre estate to a consortium of organisations, including the Scottish Government, the Art Fund, the [[Garfield Weston Foundation]], the Monument Trust, the [[National Heritage Memorial Fund]], and [[Save Britain's Heritage]]. The Prince's Charities Foundation borrowed much of the £45m total sale price.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dumfries house |url=https://dumfries-house.org.uk/ |website=Dumfries-house.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2007 |title=Historic mansion sold to nation |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6244662.stm |access-date=2015-01-11}}</ref>

===Cardiff Castle===
The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess]] worked with the architect [[William Burges#Partnership with the Marquess of Bute|William Burges]] in creating two Gothic revival castles in south Wales. The [[Work of William Burges at Cardiff Castle]]<ref name="Cardiff">{{Cite web |title=history |url=https://www.cardiffcastle.com/history/ |website=cardiffcastle.com}}</ref> has been remodelled from the original [[Cardiff Roman Fort|Roman fort]] and the later Norman [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte-and-bailey]]. It passed through the hands of many noble families until, in 1766, it passed by marriage to the Bute family. 
The 2nd Marquess of Bute was key in the development of south Wales as one of the biggest coal exporters in its time by developing the port and Cardiff docks. Cardiff castle was inherited by his son John, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, who was extremely wealthy.<ref name="Cardiff" /> The project began in 1866 with the architect William Burges who transformed the castle grounds. Within the two towers, one of which is a clock, he also designed expert interiors, with murals, stained glass, marble, gilding and elaborate wood carvings. The rooms included are the Mediterranean gardens and Italian, then also Arabian winter smoking room within the Herbert tower. 
Despite both previous Marquesses dying in their 50s, the project was completed by the 4th Marquess. Then, after the death of the 4th Marquess of Bute, the family gave the castle and its surrounding parks to city of Cardiff. For a quarter of a century, the Castle was leased by the National College of Music and Drama and, since 1974, Cardiff Castle has become one of Wales’s most popular tourist destinations.<ref name="Cardiff" />

===Castell Coch===
The [[Herbert family]] ruins were acquired by the Earls of Bute in 1760 when [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John, 3rd Earl of Bute]], married [[Viscount Windsor|Lady Charlotte Windsor]], sharing her inheritance in south Wales.{{sfn|McLees|2005|p=13}} His grandson, [[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute|The 2nd Marquess of Bute]], whose wealth came from [[Cardiff Docks]], eventually inherited the castle.{{sfn|Davies|1981|p=272}} The 2nd Marquess carried out exploration for [[iron ore]] at [[Castell Coch]] in 1827 and considered establishing an ironworks there.{{sfn|Davies|1981|p=221}}

The 3rd Marquess of Bute, another [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart]], inherited Castell Coch and the family estates as a child in 1848.{{sfn|Hannah|2012|p=4}}{{sfn|McLees|2005|p=14}} On his coming of age, Bute's landed estates and industrial inheritance made him one of the wealthiest men in the world.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} He had a wide range of interests including archaeology, theology, linguistics and history.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} In 1850 the antiquarian [[G. T. Clark|George Clark]] surveyed Castell Coch and published his findings, the first major scholarly work about the castle.
Castell Coch<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castell Coch |url=https://cadw.gov.wales/visit/places-to-visit/castell-coch |website=Cadw.gov.wales}}</ref> has been occupied for over 700 years, the previous owner being the [[de Clare|De Clare Family]]. The castle was rarely used and given to the British Government by the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute|5th Marquess]] in 1950.

==Stuart Baronets of Bute (1627)==
{{see also|Stuart baronets#Stuart, later Crichton-Stuart baronets, of Bute (1627)}}
*Sir James Stuart, 1st Baronet (died 1662)
*Sir Dugald Stuart, 2nd Baronet (died 1670)
*[[James Stuart, 1st Earl of Bute|Sir James Stuart, 3rd Baronet]] (died 1710) (created '''Earl of Bute''' in 1703)

==Earls of Bute (1703)==
* [[James Stuart, 1st Earl of Bute]] (died 1710)
* [[James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute]] (died 1723)
* [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute]] (1713–1792)
* [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]] (1744–1814) (created '''Marquess of Bute''' in 1796)

==Marquesses of Bute (1796)==
*[[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute]] (1744–1814)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute]] (1793–1848) (had succeeded as Earl of Dumfries in 1803)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] (1847–1900)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute]] (1881–1947)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute]] (1907–1956)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993)
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|John Colum Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (1958–2021)
*John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (born 1989)

==Present peer==
John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (born 21 December 1989) is the son of the 7th Marquess and his wife Carolyn E. R. M. Waddell. He was styled as Lord Mount Stuart from 1993.<ref>''[[Burke's Peerage]]'', volume 1 (2003), p. 601. </ref>

On 22 March 2021 he succeeded his father as Marquess of Bute (G.B., 1796), Earl of Dumfries (S., 1633), Earl of Bute (S., 1703), Earl of Windsor (G.B., 1796), Viscount Ayr (S., 1622), Viscount Kingarth (S., 1703), Viscount Mountjoy (G.B., 1796), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar (S., 1488), Lord of Sanquhar (S., 1622), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Cumnock (S., 1633), Lord Mountstuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock (S., 1703), Baron Mount Stuart of Wortley (G.B., 1761), and Baron Cardiff of Cardiff Castle (G.B., 1776).
He also became the 14th Stuart [[baronet]] in the [[baronetage of Nova Scotia]] (1627).<ref name=DP/>

The [[heir apparent]] to the Marquessate of Bute and all subsidiary titles is John, Earl of Dumfries (born 2024){{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}}}
{{tree list}}
*[[Image:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713–1792)''
**[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute (1744–1814)''
***''[[John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (1767–1794)''
****[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute (1793–1848)''
*****[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute (1847–1900)''
******[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute (1881–1947)''
*******[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute (1907–1956)''
********[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute (1933–1993)''
*********[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (1958–2021)''
**********[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] '''John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute''' (b. 1989)
***********'''(1).''' John Crichton-Stuart, Earl of Dumfries (b. 2024){{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}
*********'''(2).''' [[Lord Anthony Crichton-Stuart]] (b. 1961)
**********'''(3).''' Arthur Alec Crichton-Stuart (b. 2001)
********''Lord David Ogden Crichton-Stuart (1933–1977)''
*********'''(4).''' Kenneth Edward David Crichton-Stuart (b. 1975)
********''Lord James Charles Crichton-Stuart (1935–1982)''
*********'''(5).''' William Henry Crichton-Stuart (b. 1971)
*********'''(6).''' Hugh Bertram Crichton-Stuart (b. 1973)
*********'''(7).''' Alexander Blane Crichton-Stuart (b. 1982)
**********'''(8).''' James Callum Crichton-Stuart (b. 2024)
*******''Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart (1909–1976)''
********''Henry Colum Crichton-Stuart  (1938–2019)''
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
*******''Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1913–1956)''
********''Charles Patrick Colum Henry Crichton-Stuart (1939–2001)''
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
*******''[[Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]] (1917–1969)''
********''Frederick John Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1940–2011)''
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
******''[[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]] (1883–1915)''
*******''Michael Duncan David Crichton-Stuart (1915–1981)''
********[[Ninian Stuart]] (b. 1957)
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
****''[[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]] (1794–1859)''
*****''[[James Crichton-Stuart]] (1824–1891)''
******''Patrick James Crichton-Stuart (1868–1935)''
*******''Patrick Dudley Crichton-Stuart (1909–1978)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
***''Lord Henry Stuart (1777–1809)''
****''[[William Villiers-Stuart]] (1804–1873)''
*****''Henry John Richard Villiers-Stuart (1837–1914)''
******''John Patrick Villiers-Stuart (1879–1958)''
*******''John Michael Villiers-Stuart (1927–1986)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
***''[[Lord George Stuart]] (1780–1841)''
**''[[James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie]] (1747–1818)''
***''line of [[Earl of Wharncliffe|Barons and Earls of Wharncliffe]]''
{{tree list/end}}
<ref>{{Cite book |title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. |year=1999 |isbn=2-940085-02-1 |editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |edition=106th |volume=1 |location=Crans, Switzerland |pages=437–446 |chapter=Bute}}</ref><ref name="DP">{{Cite book |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1 |editor-last=Morris |editor-first=Susan |edition=150th |volume=1 |location=London |pages=724–737 |chapter=Bute |editor-last2=Bosberry-Scott |editor-first2=Wendy |editor-last3=Belfield |editor-first3=Gervase}}</ref>
{{collapse bottom}}

==Barons Mount Stuart (1761) ==
* [[Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute|Mary Stuart, 1st Baroness Mount Stuart]] (1718–1794)
* [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute, 2nd Baron Mount Stuart]] (1744–1814) (created Marquess of Bute in 1796)
''See above for further succession''

==Family tree==
{{Earls of Bute family tree}}

==See also==
*[[Earl of Dumfries]]
*[[Viscount Windsor]]
*[[Earl of Wharncliffe]]
*[[Baron Stuart de Decies]]
*[[Baron Stuart of Wortley]]
*[[Stuart Baronets]]
*[[Clan Stuart of Bute]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{Cite book |last=Kidd |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/b24883797/page/184 |title=Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage |date=1903 |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited |location=London |page=184}}
*{{Cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/155 |title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy |date=1921 |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited |location=London |page=155}}
* {{Cite book |last=McLees |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PxYAAAACAAJ&q=Castell+Coch+David+McLees |title=Castell Coch |publisher=[[Cadw]] |year=2005 |isbn=9781857602104 |edition=Revised |location=Cardiff, UK |orig-year=1998}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hannah |first=Rosemary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqfUXwAACAAJ |title=The Grand Designer: Third Marquess of Bute |publisher=Birlinn |year=2012 |isbn=9781780270272 |location=Edinburgh, UK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Crook |first=J. Mordaunt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1JruwAACAAJ&q=William+Burges+and+the+High+Victorian+Dream |title=William Burges and the High Victorian Dream |publisher=Francis Lincoln |year=2013 |isbn=9780711233492 |location=London, UK |author-link=J. Mordaunt Crook}}
* {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPYgAAAAMAAJ&q=Cardiff+and+the+Marquesses+of+Bute |title=Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=1981 |isbn=9780708324639 |location=Cardiff, UK}}

{{Extant British marquesses}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bute}}
[[Category:Marquessates in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of Cardiff]]
[[Category:Stuart of Bute family|*]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Bute|*]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1796]]
[[Category:1796 establishments in Great Britain]]
[[Category:Clan Stewart]]