View source for Marquess of Cholmondeley

{{short description|Title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Marquessate of Cholmondeley 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br/>[[File:Arms of Cholmondeley, Marquess of Cholmondeley.svg|180px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = '''''Arms:''' Gules in chief two Helmets in profile Argent, and in base a Garb Or. '''Crest:''' A Demi-Griffin segreant Sable, beaked winged and membered Or, holding between the claws a Helmet as in the arms. '''Supporters:''' Dexter: A Griffin Sable, beaked, winged and membered Or, langued Gules. Sinister: A Wolf Or, gorged with a Collar Vair, armed and langued Gules.''<ref name="burke">{{cite book |title= Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood|publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor= Mosley, Charles |edition=107 |year= 2003 |pages=783–785 |ref=Burke |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref>
| creation_date     = 22 November 1815 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[George IV|The Prince Regent]] (acting on behalf of his father [[George III|King George III]]) 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley, 4th Earl of Cholmondeley]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] 
| heir_apparent     = Alexander Cholmondeley, Earl of Rocksavage (b. 2009) 
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = the first marquess's [[heirs male of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = {{Plainlist}}
* Earl of Cholmondeley
* Earl of Rocksavage
* Viscount Cholmondeley (IRL)
* Viscount Malpas
* Baron Cholmondeley
* Baron Newborough (IRL)
* Baron Newburgh
{{Endplainlist}} 
| status            = Extant 
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Houghton Hall]]
* [[Cholmondeley Castle]]
{{Endplainlist}} 
| former_seat       =  
| motto             = {{lang|la|Cassis tutissima virtus}}<br/>(Virtue is the safest helmet)<ref name="burke"/> 
| footnotes         =  
}}
 
'''Marquess of Cholmondeley''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ʌ|m|l|i}} {{respell|CHUM|lee}}) is a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. It was created in 1815 for [[George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley, 4th Earl of Cholmondeley]].

== History ==
The Cholmondeley family descends from William le Belward (or de Belward), the feudal lord of the barony of Malpas in Cheshire who acquired the lordship of "[[Cholmondeley, Cheshire|Calmundelai]]" (as it was spelt in the [[Domesday Book]]) through his wife Beatrix, daughter of [[Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester]]. Their eldest son David le Belward inherited the feudal barony of Malpas and was the ancestor of the [[Egerton family]]. The second son, Robert le Belward, became feudal lord of the barony of Cholmondeley, which he passed to his son Sir Hugh de Cholmondeley (or "Chelmundeleih"), who adopted the new surname.<ref name="burke"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=John|title=A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire|date=1832|publisher=H. Colburn and R. Bentley|page=[https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera01burkgoog/page/n298 243]|url=https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera01burkgoog|access-date=25 December 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cleveland|first1=Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett Duchess of|title=The Battle Abbey Roll: With Some Account of the Norman Lineages|date=1889|publisher=J. Murray|page=[https://archive.org/details/battleabbeyroll00unkngoog/page/n289 247]|url=https://archive.org/details/battleabbeyroll00unkngoog|access-date=25 December 2016|language=en}}</ref>

His lineal descendant was [[Hugh Cholmondeley (soldier)|Sir Hugh Cholmondeley]] (1513–1596), knighted by King [[Henry VIII]]. His eldest son was [[Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster]], while his youngest son Thomas was the ancestor of the [[Baron Delamere|Barons Delamere]]. Another son, his namesake Hugh, was the father of Robert Cholmondeley. He succeeded to the estates of his uncle Lord Leinster and was created '''Viscount Cholmondeley''', of Kells in the County of Meath, in the [[Peerage of Ireland]] in 1661. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Viscount. He was a supporter of [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]] and also served as [[Comptroller of the Household]] and as [[Treasurer of the Household]]. In 1689 he was created '''Baron Cholmondeley''', of Nantwich in the County of Chester, in the [[Peerage of England]], with remainder to his younger brother George Cholmondeley. In 1706 he was further honoured when he was made '''Viscount Malpas''', in the County of Chester, and '''Earl of Cholmondeley''', in the County of Chester, also in the Peerage of England and with the same special remainders.<ref name="burke"/>

[[Image:Houghton Hall 20080720-2.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Houghton Hall]], the ancestral home of the Marquess of Cholmondeley since the establishment of the title]]

Lord Cholmondeley never married and was succeeded according to the special remainders (and according to the normal descent in the viscountcy of Cholmondeley) by his younger brother George, the second Earl. He was a prominent military commander and commanded the Horse Guards at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in 1690. In 1715, ten years before he succeeded his elder brother, he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland in his own right as '''Baron Newborough''', of Newborough in the County of Wexford, and in 1716 he was made '''Baron Newburgh''', in the Isle of Anglesey, in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=5447 |date=3 July 1716 |page=2}}</ref> On his death the titles passed to his son, the third Earl. He was a politician and held office as [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]].<ref name="burke"/>

He was succeeded by his grandson, the fourth Earl. He was the son of [[George Cholmondeley, Viscount Malpas]]. Lord Cholmondeley was also a prominent politician and served as [[Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard]] and as [[Lord Steward of the Household]]. In 1815 he was created '''Earl of Rocksavage''', in the County of Chester, and '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''', in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17066 |date=30 September 1815 |page=1966-1997}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17068 |date=7 October 1815 |page=2014}}</ref> He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Marquess. He represented [[Castle Rising (UK Parliament constituency)|Castle Rising]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] but in 1821 he was summoned to the [[House of Lords]] through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron Newburgh. Lord Cholmondeley was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Marquess. He sat as Member of Parliament for Castle Rising and [[South Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Hampshire]]. As he outlived most of his children, including the elder son, the third Marquess was succeeded in his titles by his grandson.<ref name="burke"/> {{As of|2024}}, the titles are held by his great-great-great-grandson, the seventh Marquess, who succeeded his father in 1990.<ref name="burke"/>

The [[courtesy title]] of the Marquess's heir is ''Earl of Rocksavage'', while Lord Rocksavage's eldest son is known as ''Viscount Malpas''.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} 

The family seats are [[Houghton Hall]], Norfolk, and [[Cholmondeley Castle]], which is surrounded by a {{convert|7500|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} estate near [[Malpas, Cheshire]].<ref>[[Caroline Donald]]. [http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/gardens/article3889802.ece  "The new garden at Houghton Hall, King's Lynn, Norfolk"]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. ''The Times'' (UK). 11 May 2008.</ref>

==Lord Great Chamberlain==
A part of the office of [[Lord Great Chamberlain]] came into the Cholmondeley family through the marriage of the first Marquess of Cholmondeley to Lady Georgiana Charlotte Bertie, daughter of [[Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven]].<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/index.cfm  Portcullis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220094515/http://www.parliament.uk/index.cfm |date=20 December 2008 }}: [https://archive.today/20121224071415/http://www.portcullis.parliament.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%22LGC/5/5/7%22) Deed of Covenant and Agreement between Lord Willoughby de Eresby, The Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondeley and the Marquis of Cholmondeley re the exercise of the Office of Hereditary Great Chamberlain (16 May 1829).]</ref> The second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office. As Lord Great Chamberlain, the present Marquess was, during the reign of [[Elizabeth II]], along with the [[Duke of Norfolk]] (the [[Earl Marshal]]), one of only two [[hereditary peer]]s to retain automatic seats in the [[House of Lords]] after the passage of the [[House of Lords Act 1999]].  
[[Image:Cholmondeley Castle.jpg|thumb|[[Cholmondeley Castle]]]]

==Cholmondeley Room==
Peers in the House of Lords can hold their 70th birthday parties in the Cholmondeley Room at the [[Palace of Westminster]].<ref>Thomson, Alice. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615184739/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article5593702.ece  "The House of Lords: the perks, the pay, the pomp,"] ''The Times'' (London). 27 January 2009.</ref> Among other uses, [[Katharine Elliot, Baroness Elliot of Harwood|Baroness Elliot of Harwood]] organised a dinner in 1984 for all female Conservative members of Parliament and peers, and this event was held in this venue.<ref>House of Lords: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090618134511/http://lifepeeragesact.parliament.uk/houseOfLordsReform/detail.php?id=131  dinner organized by Baroness Elliot of Harwood, 1984]</ref> The Cholmondeley Room and Terrace and the Attlee Room are available for private functions, sponsored by Members for personal use or for external organisations.<ref>House of Lords: [https://archive.today/20130505155221/http://www.portcullis.parliament.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=RefNo=='HL/PO/RF'&dsqCmd=Show.tcl  Refreshment Department]</ref>

==Viscounts Cholmondeley (1661)==
*[[Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Viscount Cholmondeley]] (died 1681)
*[[Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley|Hugh Cholmondeley, 2nd Viscount Cholmondeley]] (1662–1725) (created Earl of Cholmondeley in 1706)

==Earls of Cholmondeley (1706), Viscount Malpas (1706), Baron Newborough (1715), Baron Newburgh (1716)==
[[Image:Marquess of Cholmondeley (comital coronet) coa.png|thumb|right|19th-century illustration of the Marquess' coat of arms]]
*[[Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley]] (1662–1725)
*[[George Cholmondeley, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley]] (1666–1733)
*[[George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley]] (1703–1770)
**[[George Cholmondeley, Viscount Malpas]] (1724–1764)
*[[George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley|George James Cholmondeley, 4th Earl of Cholmondeley]] (1749–1827) (created Marquess of Cholmondeley in 1815)

==Marquesses of Cholmondeley, Earl of Rocksavage (1815)==
* [[George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley|George James Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1749–1827)
* [[George Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Horatio Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1792–1870)
* [[William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley|William Henry Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1800–1884)
** Charles George Cholmondeley (1829–1869)
* [[George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Henry Hugh Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1858–1923), grandson of Third Marquess and son of Charles George Cholmondely
* [[George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Horatio Charles Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1883–1968)
* [[Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (1919–1990)
* [[David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley|David George Philip Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] ({{Born in|1960}})

The [[heir apparent]] is Alexander Hugh George Cholmondeley, Earl of Rocksavage, the elder of the present holder's twin sons ({{Born in|2009}}). His younger twin brother is Lord Oliver Timothy George Cholmondeley.

== Family tree and line of succession ==
{{Marquess of Cholmondeley family tree}}
{{Collapse top|title={{Small|Line of succession}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |publisher=Debrett's |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-9997-6705-1 |editor-last=Morris |editor-first=Susan |edition=150th |volume=1 |location=London |pages=2069–2070 |chapter=Cholmondeley, Marquess of |editor-last2=Bosberry-Scott |editor-first2=Wendy |editor-last3=Belfield |editor-first3=Gervase}}</ref>}}
{{tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley (1883–1968)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley (1919–1990)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] '''David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley''' (b. 1960)
****'''(1).''' Alexander Hugh George Cholmondeley, Earl of Rocksavage  ({{Born in|2009}})
****'''(2).''' Lord Oliver Timothy George Cholmondeley ({{Born in|2009}})
**''Lord John George Cholmondeley (1920–1986)''
***'''(3).'''  Charles George Cholmondeley ({{Born in|1959}})
{{tree list/end}}
{{collapse bottom}}

==See also==
*[[Earl of Leinster]]
*[[Baron Delamere]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Lodge, Edmund. (1877). [https://archive.org/details/peerageandbaron00lodggoog  ''The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire as at Present Existing.''] London: Hurst and Blackett.{{page needed|date=November 2021}}
*{{cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |date=1921| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy| url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/203 | location=[[London]] |publisher=[[Dean & Son]]|page=203}}

==External links==
* [http://www.houghtonhall.com/ Houghton Hall]
* [http://www.cholmondeleycastle.com/  Cholmondeley Castle]

{{Marquesses of Cholmondeley}}
{{Extant British marquesses}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cholmondeley}}
[[Category:1815 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Marquessates in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cholmondeley family|Cholmondeley]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1815]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Cholmondeley| ]]