View source for Marquess of Ripon

{{Short description|Title in British Peerage}}
{{redirect|Lord Grantham|the character on Downton Abbey|Downton Abbey}}
{{Distinguish|Baron Ripon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| image             = [[File:Coat of arms of Robinson, Marquesses of Ripon.svg|240px]]
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = [[coat of arms|Arms]] of the Marquesses of Ripon<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
'''[[Blazon]]'''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">
'''Arms:''' Vert a chevron between three stags at gaze or.

'''Crest''': Out of a coronet composed of fleurs-de-lis a mount vert thereon a stag at gaze gold.

'''Supporters''': On either side a greyhound reguardant sable.

'''Motto''':  ''Qualis ab incepto'' (The same as from the beginning).<ref>{{cite book |title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage |year=1878 |pages=1011-1012|URL=https://archive.org/details/generalheraldicd1878burk/page/1012/mode/1up}}</ref>
</div>
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| creation_date     = 1871
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon]] 
| last_holder       = [[Frederick Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon]]
| present_holder    =  
| heir_apparent     =  
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = 
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl de Grey]]<br />Earl of Ripon<br />Viscount Goderich<br />Baron Grantham<br />Baronet, of Newby 
| status            = [[Extinct]]
| extinction_date   = 23 September 1923
| family_seat       = 
| former_seat       = [[Newby Hall]]<br/>[[Wrest Park]]<br/>[[Studley Royal Park]] 
| motto             =  
| footnotes         =  
}}

[[Image:Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon by Sir Thomas Lawrence.jpg|thumb|[[F. J. Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon]], [[Portrait of the Earl of Ripon|portrait]] by Sir [[Thomas Lawrence]]]]

'''Marquess of Ripon''', in the [[Yorkshire|County of York]], was a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. It was created in 1871 for the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23748 |date=20 June 1871 |page=2847 }}</ref>

==History==
The Robinson family descended from William Robinson (d. 1616), a wealthy [[York]] merchant, Lord Mayor and [[Member of Parliament]] for [[York (UK Parliament constituency)|York]]. His grandson Sir William Robinson also represented York in Parliament and served as [[High Sheriff of Yorkshire]] in 1638. Sir William's elder son [[Sir Metcalfe Robinson, 1st Baronet|Metcalfe Robinson]] sat as Member of Parliament for York and was created a Baronet in 1660 (see [[Robinson Baronets]]). He died childless in 1689 when the baronetcy became extinct.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clay |title=Yorks |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/robinson-metcalfe-1629-89#footnoteref1_ayfq0ql |journal=Dugdale's Vis |volume=ii |pages=362–3 |via=The history of parliament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ROBINSON, Metcalfe (1629-89), of Newby, Yorks. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/robinson-metcalfe-1629-89#footnote5_jg5tyhj |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref> The title was revived in the following year when his nephew [[Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet|William Robinson]] was created a '''Baronet''', of Newby in the County of York, in the [[Baronetage of England]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ROBINSON, Sir William, 1st Bt. (1655-1736), of Newby, Yorks. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/robinson-sir-william-1655-1736 |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref> Sir William represented both [[Northallerton (UK Parliament constituency)|Northallerton]] and York in Parliament. His eldest son Metcalfe, the second Baronet, only survived him by four days and was succeeded by his younger brother, Tancred, the third Baronet. He was a [[Rear-Admiral]] in the [[Royal Navy]]. This line of the family failed on the death of his younger son, the fifth Baronet, in 1792.

The late Baronet was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, [[Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey|Thomas Robinson, 3rd Baron Grantham]], who became the sixth Baronet. He was the grandson of [[Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham|Thomas Robinson]] (fourth son of the first Baronet), a prominent diplomat and politician who served as [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Austria|Ambassador to the Austrian Empire]], as [[Secretary of State for the Southern Department]] and as [[Leader of the House of Commons]]; in 1761 he was created '''Baron Grantham''', of Grantham in the County of Lincoln, in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron, who was also a successful diplomat and politician who served as [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Spain|Ambassador to Spain]] and as [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign Secretary]]. Lord Grantham married Lady Mary Jemima, daughter of [[Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke]], and [[Jemima Yorke, 2nd Marchioness Grey]] and 4th [[Baron Lucas|Baroness Lucas]], granddaughter of [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent]].

[[File:Central part of an engraved escutcheon Robinson quartering Weddell, for 3rd Lord Grantham, on silver gilt, 1802.jpg|thumbnail|Central part of an engraved escutcheon Robinson quartering Weddell, for 3rd Lord Grantham, on silver gilt, with marks for Robert Garrard, London and 1802.]]
He was succeeded by his elder son Thomas, the aforementioned third Baron Grantham. In 1803 Thomas assumed the surname of Weddell in lieu of his patronymic. In 1833 he succeeded his maternal aunt as 2nd [[Earl de Grey]] and 6th Baron Lucas. His aunt [[Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey|Lady Amabel (or Annabella) Yorke]] had succeeded her mother the Marchioness Grey (on whose death the marquessate became extinct) in the barony of Lucas in 1797 and in 1816 she was created '''Countess de Grey''', of Wrest in the County of Bedford, in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], with remainder to her sister Lady Mary Jemima and the heirs male of her body. Lady de Grey was the childless widow of Alexander Hume-Campbell, Lord Polwarth, son of [[Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont]]. Thomas, the second Earl de Grey, also inherited the Grey family seat of [[Wrest Park]], near [[Silsoe]] in [[Bedfordshire]]. The same year he succeeded to the earldom, he assumed by Royal licence the surname of de Grey in lieu of Weddell.

Lord de Grey had no sons and was succeeded in the barony of Lucas (which could be passed on through female lines) by his daughter, Anne (see [[Baron Lucas]] for further history of this title). He was succeeded in the other titles by his nephew, George Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon. He was the only son of the Honourable [[F. J. Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon|F. J. Robinson]], second son of the second Baron Grantham. F. J. Robinson was [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] between 1823 and 1827, and he served briefly as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] between August 1827 and January 1828. In 1827 he was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as '''Viscount Goderich''', of Nocton in the County of Lincoln. This was a revival of the viscountcy of Goderich created for his great-great-grandfather the Duke of Kent in 1706. In 1833 Robinson was further honoured when he was made '''Earl of Ripon''', in the County of Kent in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. On his death in 1859 he was succeeded by his only son, the aforementioned second Earl of Ripon. The latter also succeeded his uncle in the earldom of de Grey later in 1859, whereby he became known by the style of "Earl de Grey and Ripon". He was a distinguished Liberal statesman and held office in every Liberal administration from 1861 until his death in 1908. In 1871 he was created '''Marquess of Ripon''', in the County of York in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his only son and only surviving child, the second Marquess. He represented [[Ripon (UK Parliament constituency)|Ripon]] in Parliament between 1874 and 1880. He was childless, therefore all the titles became extinct upon his death in 1923. The second Marquess was regarded as the finest shot of his generation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=British raj {{!}} Imperialism, Impact, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/British-raj |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

The family seats were [[Wrest Park]] in Bedfordshire, and [[Newby Hall]] and [[Studley Royal Park]] in Yorkshire

==Robinson Baronets, of Newby (1690) ==
*[[Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet]] (1655–1736)
*Sir Metcalfe Robinson, 2nd Baronet (c. 1683–1736)
*[[Sir Tancred Robinson, 3rd Baronet]] (c. 1685–1754)
*Sir William Robinson, 4th Baronet (1713–1770)
*Sir Norton Robinson, 5th Baronet (c. 1715–1792)
*[[Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey|Thomas Philip Robinson, 3rd Baron Grantham]] (1781–1859)

== Barons Grantham (1761) ==
* [[Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham]] (c. 1695–1770)
* [[Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham]] (1738–1786)
* [[Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey|Thomas Philip Robinson, 3rd Baron Grantham]] (1781–1859) (succeeded as 2nd [[Earl de Grey]] in 1833)

==Earls de Grey (1816)==
* Amabel Yorke, 1st Countess de Grey (1751–1833)
* [[Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey|Thomas Philip de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey]] (1781–1859)
* [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey, 1st Marquess of Ripon]] (1827–1909)

== Viscount Goderich (1827) ==
* [[Frederick Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich|Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich]]; created '''Earl of Ripon''' in 1833 (1782–1859)

== Earls of Ripon (1833) ==
* [[Frederick Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich|Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon]] (1782–1859)
* [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon]] (1827–1909) (succeeded as 4th Baron Grantham and 3rd Earl de Grey in 1859; created '''Marquess of Ripon''' in 1871)

== Marquesses of Ripon (1871) ==
* [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon]] (1827–1909)
* [[Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon|Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon]] (1852–1923)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Rayment|date=February 2012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ripon}}
[[Category:Marquesses of Ripon| ]]
[[Category:Earls of Ripon| ]]
[[Category:Extinct marquessates in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Robinson family|Ripon]]
[[Category:1871 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1923 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1871]]
[[Category:Peerages created for UK MPs]]
[[Category:History of Yorkshire]]