View source for Mars Surveyor 2001

{{Short description|Cancelled NASA spaceflight mission in the Mars Exploration Program}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Mars Surveyor 2001
| image                 = [[File:Mars Odyssey illustration - "On a Trip to Cirrus Minor".jpg|132px|alt=Artists' impression of the Mars Surveyor 2001 orbiter]] [[File:Ms 2001 lander.jpg|157px|alt=Artists' impression of the Mars Surveyor 2001 lander and rover.]]
| image_caption         = Artworks of the orbiter (left) and surface elements (right) that would have been used in the mission
| spacecraft            = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mars Odyssey]]|Unnamed lander|''Marie Curie''}}
| manufacturer          = {{Hlist|[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]]|[[Lockheed Martin]]}}
| programme             = '''[[Mars Exploration Program]]'''
| previous_mission      = [[Mars Surveyor '98]]
| next_mission          = ''[[2001 Mars Odyssey]]''
}}

The '''Mars Surveyor 2001''' project was a multi-part [[Mars]] exploration mission intended as a follow-up to [[Mars Surveyor '98]]. After the two probes of the 1998 project, [[Mars Climate Orbiter]] and [[Mars Polar Lander]], were both lost, [[NASA]]'s "better, faster, cheaper" exploration philosophy was re-evaluated, with a particular eye on the two 2001 project probes. As a result, the mission, along with the launch of its lander and rover, were canceled in May 2000, but the decision was made to continue development with its orbiter counterpart. The orbiter launched as ''[[2001 Mars Odyssey]]'' in April 2001, in a mission independent of the Mars Surveyor project, and reached Mars in October 2001. After being placed in a [[cleanroom]] in 2001 and stored since, the nearly-completed lander component was eventually reused to fly the ''[[Phoenix (spacecraft)|Phoenix]]'' mission,<ref>NASA, [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2007/release-20070804.html NASA Spacecraft Heads for Polar Region on Mars], RELEASE : 45-07</ref> which launched in August 2007 and landed successfully on Mars in May 2008.

== Spacecraft ==
=== Orbiter ===
{{Main article|2001 Mars Odyssey}}

=== Lander ===
{{See also|Phoenix (spacecraft)#History}}
[[File:Mars Surveyor 2001 lander with Marie Curie rover (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Artists' impression of the Mars Surveyor 2001 lander and rover.|Artwork of the Mars Surveyor 2001 lander and the rover ''Marie Curie''. The lander's design was based on the Mars Surveyor 98 lander, [[Mars Polar Lander]], and the rover's design was based on ''[[Sojourner (rover)|Sojourner]]'']]
The 2001 Surveyor lander spacecraft was built under contract to NASA by the [[Lockheed Martin]] corporation. Except for the solar arrays, the basic lander design is identical to that of the Mars Polar Lander, which had been intended to be the first of a series of low-cost "Mars Surveyor" landers sent to Mars. The 2001 Surveyor lander was also intended to carry to Mars a test payload, MIP (Mars ISPP Precursor), that was to demonstrate manufacture of [[oxygen]] from the atmosphere of Mars,<ref name=Kaplan2001>D. Kaplan ''et al.'', [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/marsmiss99/pdf/2503.pdf THE MARS IN-SITU-PROPELLANT-PRODUCTION PRECURSOR (MIP) FLIGHT DEMONSTRATION], paper presented at ''Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration'', Lunar and Planetary Institute, Oct. 2-4 1999, Houston, TX.</ref> as well as test [[solar cell]] technologies and methods of mitigating the effect of [[Martian dust]] on the power systems.<ref>G. A. Landis, P. Jenkins, D. Scheiman, and C. Baraona, "[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/robomars/pdf/6136.pdf MATE and DART: An Instrument Package for Characterizing Solar Energy and Atmospheric Dust on Mars]", presented at ''Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration'', July 18–20, 2000 Houston, Texas.</ref> MIP's overall external envelope is approximately 40 x 24 x 25&nbsp;cm (15.7 x 9.4 x 9.8 inches), and its mass is 8.5&nbsp;kg (18.7 lb).<ref name=Kaplan2001/> Most of the top surface was covered by various types of solar cells. MIP included five experiments :<ref name=Kaplan2001/>
* Mars Atmospheric Acquisition and Compression (MAAC): to selectively absorb and compress carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere; It might absorb ~ 4g {{CO2}} over 1 to 3 nights, then release it on being heated.
* Oxygen Generator Subsystem (OGS): to produce propellant-grade, pure oxygen; a [[zirconia]] solid-oxide oxygen generator produces oxygen by electrolyzing {{CO2}} at elevated temperatures (750&nbsp;°C).
* Mars Array Technology Experiment (MATE): to measure the spectrum at the Mars surface and to test several advanced [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] solar cells;
* Dust Accumulation and Repulsion Test (DART): to investigate the properties of dust and to test techniques (e.g. electrostatic repulsion) to mitigate the settling of dust on to solar arrays; 
* Mars Thermal Environment & Radiator Characterization (MTERC): to measure the night sky temperature and to demonstrate the performance of high and low emissivity radiators

After the failure of the Mars Surveyor 98 mission, the launch of the Mars Surveyor 2001 lander was cancelled in May 2000, and the near-completed spacecraft was placed in an environmentally controlled [[cleanroom]] from 2001 by Lockheed Martin.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Phoenix'' Mars Lander- Spacecraft|work=Phoenix Mars Lander |url=http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/science_spacecraft.php|access-date=2006-06-09}}</ref> The spacecraft was offered as government furnished property to investigators proposing missions to the [[Mars Scout Program]], and the spacecraft was used as the lander on the [[Phoenix (spacecraft)|''Phoenix'']] mission; it is currently on Mars in the north polar region.  In addition to using the 2001 Surveyor Lander, three of the experiments flown on the ''Phoenix'' mission are instruments that were originally built for the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander:

* the [[Phoenix (spacecraft)#Microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer|Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer]] (MECA);
* the never-used [[Phoenix (spacecraft)#Mars Descent Imager|Mars Descent Imager]] (MARDI) camera;
* the [[Phoenix (spacecraft)#Robotic arm and camera|Robotic Arm]], which was modified for the ''Phoenix'' mission.

=== Rover ===
Prior to mission cancellation, cost overruns and technical problems caused the Lander design to be rescoped, and the planned large Athena [[Mars rover|rover]] was replaced by a small rover, named ''[[Sojourner (rover)#Marie Curie|Marie Curie]]'', that was a flight spare to the [[Sojourner (rover)|''Sojourner'']] which was a part of the [[Mars Pathfinder]] mission. (The Athena did later make it to Mars, however, with two such rovers making up the [[Mars Exploration Rover Mission]] of 2004. The second of these, [[MER-B|MER-B ''Opportunity'']], landed at Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander's target site, [[Meridiani Planum]].)

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of missions to Mars]]
* [[Mars Express]]
* [[Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* {{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MS2001L|access-date=February 4, 2010|title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.solarviews.com/eng/odyssey.htm|access-date=February 4, 2010|title=2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~carlkop/dustmar.html|access-date=February 4, 2010|title=Mars Surveyor 2001}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2007/release-20070804.html|access-date=January 27, 2014|title=NASA Spacecraft Heads for Polar Region on Mars}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mars Surveyor 2001 lander}}
* [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MS2001L NSSDC Master Catalog entry]
* [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MS2001R Mars Surveyor 2001 rover]
* [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=956410&id=3&qs=Ne%3D25%26N%3D297%2B132 Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration] (papers describing mission and experiments) ([https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000012695_1999213538.pdf 11 M pdf])
* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1797.pdf MIP Experiment] summary, presented at ''Lunar and Planetary Science XXX'', Houston, TX (1999).

{{Mars spacecraft}}

[[Category:Cancelled spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions to Mars]]
[[Category:NASA programs]]