View source for Maui

{{Short description|Second largest island in Hawaii}}
{{About||the figure in Polynesian mythology|Māui|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox island
|name=Maui
|nickname=The Valley Isle
|image_name=Maui Landsat Photo.jpg
|image_caption=[[Landsat program|Landsat]] satellite image of Maui. The small island to the southwest is [[Kahoʻolawe]].
|map_image=File:Map of Maui Island.jpg
|map_caption=Small-scale map of the island and location in the [[Hawaii|state of Hawaii]]

{{Photomontage
| photo1a = Map of Hawaii highlighting Maui.svg
|foot_montage = Location of Maui in Hawaii
}}
|location={{coord|20|48|N|156|18|W|type:isle_scale:500000|display=title,inline}}
|area_sqmi=727.2
|highest_mount=[[Haleakalā]]
|elevation_ft=10,023
|elevation_footnotes={{R|ElevationRef}}|demonym=Mauian|population=164,221|population_as_of=2021
|density_sqmi=162
|country_largest_city=[[Kahului, Hawaii|Kahului]]|country=United States
|country_admin_divisions={{Infobox place symbols|embedded=yes|island=yes
|flower           = [[Rosa damascena|Lokelani]]
|color            = {{okina}}Ākala (pink)}}
|rank=2nd largest [[Hawaiian Islands|Hawaiian island]]}}

[[File:ISS-38_Hawaiian_Island_chain.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Maui (center right, with [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Lanai|Lāna{{okina}}i]], and [[Kahoʻolawe|Kaho{{okina}}olawe]] to its left) as seen from the [[International Space Station]]<ref>{{cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=Hawaii January 29, 2014 |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82975 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110044108/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82975 |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>]]

'''Maui'''{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aʊ|i|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Maui.wav}}; {{IPA|haw|ˈmɐwwi}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kinney |first=Ruby Kawena |year=1956 |title=A Non-purist View of Morphomorphemic Variations in Hawaiian Speech |journal=Journal of the Polynesian Society |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=282–286}}</ref>}} is the second-largest island in the [[Hawaiian archipelago]], at 727.2 square miles (1,883&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). It is the [[List of islands of the United States by area|17th-largest]] in the United States.{{R|SizeRef}} Maui is one of [[Maui County, Hawaii|Maui County]]'s four sizable islands, along with [[Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Lāna{{okina}}i]], and [[Kaho{{okina}}olawe]].

In 2020, Maui had a population of 168,307, the third-highest of the [[Hawaiian Islands]], behind [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] and [[Hawaii (island)|Hawai{{okina}}i Island]]. [[Kahului, Hawaii|Kahului]] is the largest [[census-designated place]] (CDP) on the island, with a 2020 population of 28,219.{{R|PopRef}} It is Maui's commercial and financial hub.<ref>{{cite book |author=Nyakundi, Colvin Tonya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GLLCwAAQBAJ&q=kahului+is+the+commercial+and+financial+hub&pg=PA193 |title=Traveling to Maui Island: The Ultimate and Most Comprehensive Guidebook |author2=Davidson, John |date=March 22, 2016 |publisher=Mendon Cottage Books |isbn=9781310226106 |location=[[Mendon, Utah]] |page=193 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> [[Wailuku, Hawaii|Wailuku]] is the [[county seat]] and was the third-largest CDP {{As of|2010|lc=y}}. Other significant populated areas include [[Kihei, Hawaii|Kīhei]] (including [[Wailea, Hawaii|Wailea]] and [[Makena, Hawaii|Makena]] in the Kihei Town CDP), [[Lahaina, Hawaii|Lāhainā]] (including [[Kaanapali|Kā{{okina}}anapali]] and [[Kapalua]] in the Lāhainā Town CDP), and Upcountry Maui (including [[Makawao]], [[Pukalani, Hawaii|Pukalani]], [[Kula, Hawaii|Kula]], and Ulupalakua), although Lāhainā was [[2023 Hawaii wildfires|mostly destroyed by fire in 2023]].

Once part of [[Maui Nui]], Maui is dominated by two volcanic features: [[Haleakalā]] in the southeast, and the [[West Maui Mountains]] in the northwest. The two are connected by an [[isthmus]] about six miles wide that gives the island its nickname, the Valley Isle.<ref name="1987nytimes2">{{cite web |last1=Hornblower |first1=Malabar |title=A Historic Hub Where the Sun Sets on Maui |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/13/travel/a-historic-hub-where-the-sun-sets-on-maui.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 13, 1987 }}</ref>

Maui has a significant tourism industry, with nearly three million visitors in 2022.<ref name="2022-tourism2">{{cite web |last1=Tanji |first1=Melissa |title=2.9M visitors to Maui spent $5.69B in 2022 |url=https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2023/02/2-9m-visitors-to-maui-spent-5-69b-in-2022/ |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=Maui News|date=3 February 2023}}</ref> A 2023 report based on 2017 data concluded that nearly 40% of Maui County's economy was tourism-related.<ref name="2023-tourism-analysis2">{{cite web |last1=Tian |first1=Eugene |last2=Kamita |first2=Rene |title=Tourism's Contribution to the State and County Economies in Hawai'i |url=https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/economic/reports/Economic_Impact_of_Tourism_by_County_Sept_2023_final.pdf |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism}}</ref> Popular tourist destinations include the resorts in the Kā{{okina}}anapali, Kapalua, and Kihei/Wailea/Makena areas; [[Hana, Hawaii|Hāna]] and the [[Hana Highway]]; [[ʻĪao Valley]]; [[Haleakalā National Park]]; and its many beaches.
{{toclimit|3}}

==Etymology==
[[Native Hawaiian]] [[Hawaiian mythology|tradition]] gives the origin of the island's name in the legend of [[Hawaiiloa|Hawai{{okina}}iloa]], the navigator credited with discovering the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. According to that tradition, Hawai{{okina}}iloa named the island after his son, who in turn was named for the [[demigod]] [[Māui (Hawaiian mythology)|Māui]]. Maui's previous name was {{okina}}Ihikapalaumaewa.{{R|Sterling}} Maui Island is also called the "Valley Isle" for the large [[isthmus]] connecting its northwestern and southeastern volcanic masses.

==Geology ==
[[File:Maui2022OSM.png|left|thumb|Map of Maui and Kaho{{okina}}olawe]]
Like all other Hawaiian Islands, Maui was formed from the volcanism associated with the [[Hawaii hotspot]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Juvik |first=Sonia P |title=Atlas of Hawaii |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |year=1998 |location=Honolulu |url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofhawaii0000univ/page/37|pages=37}}</ref>

The islands' [[volcanic]] cones are formed from [[basalt]], a dark, [[iron]]-rich/[[silica]]-poor rock, which poured out of thousands of vents as fluid [[lava]] over millions of years. Some of its volcanoes were close enough to each other that lava flows on their flanks overlapped, merging into a single island. Maui is one such "volcanic doublet," formed from two [[shield volcano]]es that overlapped to form Maui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hawaiian Volcano Observatory |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hvo_monitoring.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131035346/https://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/ |archive-date=2017-01-31 |access-date=2019-02-08 |website=volcanoes.usgs.gov}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Source cited does not mention Maui|date=January 2025}}

[[File:Mount_Haleakala_Crater_Maui_Hawaii_(45740764101).jpg|right|thumb|Looking into the [[Haleakalā]] crater]]

The older, western volcano has eroded considerably, forming the peaks of the [[West Maui Mountains]] (in Hawaiian, Mauna Kahalawai). [[Puʻu Kukui]] is the highest, at {{cvt|5788|ft|m}}. The larger, younger volcano to the east, [[Haleakalā]], rises to {{cvt|10023|ft|m}} above sea level, and measures {{cvt|5|mi|km|0}} from seafloor to summit.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} The eastern flanks of both volcanoes are cut by deeply incised valleys and steep-sided ravines that run downslope to the rocky, windswept shoreline. The isthmus was formed by sandy erosional deposits.

[[File:Maui,_Hawaii_beach.jpg|right|thumb|Volcanic rocks protrude on a Maui beach]]

Maui's last eruption (originating in Haleakalā's Southwest Rift Zone) likely occurred between 1480 and 1600;<ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 1999 |title=Volcano Watch — Youngest lava flows on East Maui probably older than A.D. 1790 |url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/volcano-watch-youngest-lava-flows-east-maui-probably-older-ad-1790 |access-date=August 16, 2023 |website=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> the resulting lava flows are located at Cape Kīna{{okina}}u between {{okina}}Āhihi Bay and [[La Perouse Bay]]. Haleakalā is dormant, but not extinct.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haleakalā |url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/haleakal%C4%81 |access-date=August 16, 2023 |website=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref>

Maui is part of a much larger unit, [[Maui Nui]], that includes the islands of [[Lānaʻi]], [[Kahoʻolawe]], [[Molokaʻi]], and the now submerged [[Penguin Bank]]. During periods of reduced sea level, including as recently as 200,000 years ago,<ref>{{cite web |date=2003-04-10 |title=Once a big island, Maui County now four small islands |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hvo_volcano_watch.html?vwid=651 |accessdate=2009-02-27 |work=Volcano Watch |publisher=[[Hawaiian Volcano Observatory]]}}</ref> the channels between them become exposed and join the island into a single landmass.

== Climate ==
{{main|Climate of Hawaii}}
 {{unreferenced section|date=November 2012}}
The climate is characterized by a two-season year, tropical and uniform temperatures at any given elevation, geographic differences in rainfall, high relative humidity, extensive cloud formations (except on the leeward coasts and at the highest elevations), and dominant [[trade wind]] flow (especially at lower elevations).

Maui has a range of climatic conditions and weather patterns:

* Half of the land is within {{cvt|5|mi|km|0}} of the coast, creating a strong marine influence.
* Macro weather patterns are typically determined by elevation and orientation towards the [[trade wind]]s (the prevailing air flow from the northeast).
* Maui's rugged, irregular topography drives variations in conditions. Air swept inland on the trade winds is redirected by the mountains, valleys, and vast open slopes. This three-dimensional flow of air produces variations in wind speed, cloud formation, and rainfall.

Maui displays diverse climatic conditions, each of which is specific to a sub-region. These sub-regions are defined by major physiographic features (such as mountains and valleys) and by location on the windward or leeward side.

Maui's daytime temperatures average between {{cvt|75|°F}} and {{cvt|90|°F}} year round, while evening temperatures are about {{convert|15|F-change}} cooler in the more humid windward areas, about {{convert|18|F-change}} cooler in the drier leeward areas, and cooler still in higher elevations.

An exception to the normal pattern is the occasional winter [[Kona storm]] that brings rainfall to the South and West areas accompanied by high southwesterly winds (opposite of the prevailing trade wind direction).

=== Microclimates ===
[[File:Westküste_Maui_Hawaii_(45740526221).jpg|thumb|West coast, with Haleakalā and [[Kihei]] visible in the background]]
Maui has examples of all microclimates, each typical to specific locations.
[[File:Makena_Beach,_Maui_Hawaii_(45015180584).jpg|right|thumb|[[Makena Beach]], South Maui]]

* '''Windward lowlands''' – Below {{cvt|2000|ft|m}} on north-to-northeast sides. Roughly perpendicular to the trade winds. Moderately rainy; frequent trade wind-induced showers. Skies are often cloudy to partly cloudy. Air temperatures are relatively more uniform (and mild).
* '''Leeward lowlands''' – Daytime temperatures are higher and nighttime temperatures are lower than in windward locations. Dry weather is prevalent, except for sporadic showers that drift over the mountains to windward and during short-duration storms.
* '''Interior lowlands''' – Intermediate conditions, often sharing characteristics of other lowland sub-regions. Occasional intense afternoon showers from clouds that form due to local daytime heating.
* '''Leeward side high-altitude mountain slopes with high rainfall''' – Extensive cloud cover and rainfall all year long. Mild temperatures are prevalent, but humidity is higher than in any other sub-region.
* '''Leeward side lower mountain slopes''' – Rainfall is higher than on leeward lowlands but much less than at similar altitudes on the windward side; however, maximum rainfall usually occurs leeward of the crests of lower mountains. Temperatures are higher than on the rainy slopes of the windward sides of mountains; cloud cover is almost as extensive.
* '''High mountains''' – Above about {{cvt|5000|ft|m}} on Haleakalā, rainfall decreases rapidly with elevation. Relative humidity may be ten percent or less. The state's lowest temperatures are experienced in this region: air temperatures below freezing are common.

{{Anchor|Regions}} These microclimates help to define the major regions: Central Maui; leeward South Maui and West Maui; windward North Shore and East Maui; and Upcountry.<ref name="microclimate-areas2">{{cite web |last1=Mitchell |first1=Alexandra |title=Micro-Climates & Choosing Residential Property to Buy on Maui {{!}} Maui Now |url=https://mauinow.com/2015/01/05/micro-climates-choosing-residential-property-to-buy-on-maui/ |access-date=14 November 2023 |website={{!}} Micro-Climates & Choosing Residential Property to Buy on Maui}}</ref>

* '''Central Maui''' consists primarily of Kahului and Wailuku, and occupies the flat isthmus between the West Maui Mountains and Haleakalā. Kahului is the center of the island and tends to keep steady, high temperatures throughout the year. The Kahului microclimate can be muggy, but usually feels relatively dry and is often breezy. The Wailuku area is closer to the West Maui Mountain range. There, rainfall is greater throughout the year and humidity is higher.
* '''South Maui''' (Kihei, Wailea, and Makena) and '''West Maui''' (Lahaina, Kaanapali, and Kapalua) are both on the leeward side. These areas are typically drier, with higher daytime temperatures (up to {{cvt|92|°F}}), and the least amount of rainfall. (An exception is the high-altitude, unpopulated West Maui summit, which boasts up to {{cvt|400|in|mm}} of rainfall per year on its north and east side.)

[[File:Waianapanapa_State_Park_Maui_Hawaii_Road_to_Hana_(45690767052).jpg|right|thumb|[[Waianapanapa State Park]] in East Maui, next to [[Hana, Maui|Hana]]]]

* The '''North Shore''' (Paia and Haiku) and '''East Maui''' (Keanae, Hana, and Kipahulu) are both on the windward side. Facing the prevailing, northeast trade winds, these areas have heavier rainfall levels, which increase considerably at higher elevations.
* {{Anchor|Upcountry}} '''Upcountry Maui''' is the name for the sloping area on the western face of Haleakalā, including the towns of Makawao, Pukalani, and Kula.<ref name="Upcountry-wanderlust2">{{cite web |last1=Wogan |first1=John |title=Where to Stay (and What to Eat) in Maui's Upcountry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/t-magazine/travel/maui-upcountry-guide.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 20, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Paniolo2">{{cite web |last1=Moon |first1=Freda |title=In Maui's Upcountry, Where the Paniolo Roam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/06/travel/in-mauis-upcountry-where-the-paniolo-roam.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 4, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="LATimes-upcountry2">{{cite web |last1=McClure |first1=Rosemary |date=19 October 2014 |title=Maui's Upcountry: Laid-back vibe, cool breezes and farm-to-table food |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/hawaii/la-tr-maui-20141019-story.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> This area ranges from {{cvt|1,500|ft|adj=on}} to {{cvt|4,500|ft|adj=on}}, and the climate tends toward mild heat (between {{cvt|70|°F}} and {{cvt|80|°F}}) during the day and cool evenings. The higher the elevation, the cooler the evenings: during Maui's winter, Upper Kula can be as cold as {{cvt|40|°F}} in the early morning hours and the Haleakalā summit can dip below freezing and become covered in snow.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="14" |Climate data for Maui
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
|-
!Average sea temperature °F (°C)
|76.3
(24.6)
|75.5
(24.2)
|75.3
(24.1)
|75.9
(24.4)
|76.8
(24.9)
|77.7
(25.4)
|78.6
(25.9)
|79.3
(26.3)
|80
(26.7)
|80
(26.7)
|78.9
(26.1)
|77.1
(25.1)
|-
! colspan="14" |Source: meteodb.com<ref>{{cite web |title=Maui — weather by month, water temperature |url=https://meteodb.com/usa/maui |access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Rainfall ===
[[File:KahikinuiCoastlineMaui.JPG|right|thumb|Kahikinui coastline near [[Kaupo, Hawaii|Kaupo]]]]
[[File:Rainbow_in_Hawaii.jpg|left|thumb|[[Rainbow]] over the [[West Maui Mountains]] after rainfall in [[Kaanapali, Hawaii|Kā{{okina}}anapali]]]]
Showers are common; while some of these are heavy, the majority are light and brief. Thunder and lightning are rare, even during intense storms. Throughout the lowlands, summer trade winds produce a drier season. Annual rainfall averages {{Convert|17-20|in}} in leeward coastal areas, such as the shoreline from [[Ma'alaea Bay|Maalaea Bay]] to Kaupo. At the other extreme, the average exceeds {{cvt|300|in|mm}} along the lower windward slopes of Haleakalā, particularly along [[Hana Highway|Hāna Highway]]. [[Big Bog, Maui|Big Bog]], a spot on the edge of Haleakalā National Park overlooking Hana at about {{cvt|5,400|ft}} elevation had an estimated mean annual rainfall of {{cvt|404|in|mm}} over the 30-year period of 1978 to 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Imada |first=Lee |title='Big Bog' ranks among wettest spots in Hawaii, possibly world |url=http://www.mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/559332.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611072538/http://www.mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/559332.html |archive-date=11 June 2013 |access-date=6 May 2020 |website=[[The Maui News]]}}</ref> If the islands of Hawaii did not exist, the average annual rainfall on the same patch of water would be about {{cvt|25|in|mm}}.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} Instead, the mountainous topography induces an average of about {{cvt|70|in|mm}}.{{climate chart|Maui|7|20|33|6|19|31|6|21|40|5|22|11|8|23|10|9|21|4|11|26|20|11|28|3|8|26|7|8|22|36|8|20|9|6|20|12|float=right|clear=right|source=<ref name="nasa">{{Cite web |url=http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |access-date=30 January 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>}}In the lowlands, rainfall is most likely to occur during night or morning hours, and least likely in mid-afternoon. The most pronounced daily variations in rainfall occur during the summer because summer rainfall generally consists of night-time trade wind showers. Winter rainfall in the lowlands is the result of storm activity, which is as likely to occur in the daytime as at night. Rainfall variability is far greater during the winter when occasional storms contribute appreciably to rainfall totals. Such wide swings in rainfall produce occasional droughts, sometimes causing economic losses. These occur when winter rains fail to produce sufficient significant rain, impacting normally dry areas outside the trade winds that depend on them the most. The winter of 2011–2012 produced extreme drought on the leeward sides Maui, and some other islands.

===Natural history===
Maui is home to a large [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests|rainforest]] on the northeastern flanks of Haleakalā, which serves as the [[drainage basin]] for that side.

Maui is home to many [[coral reef]]s. However, many have been damaged by pollution, run-off, and tourism, although sea turtles, dolphins, and Hawaii's tropical fish remain abundant. Leeward Maui once had a dry [[cloud forest]], but this was destroyed by human activities over the last three hundred years.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2016 |title=History of Sandalwood on Maui |url=http://www.tourmaui.com/trees-of-maui-sandalwood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308020906/http://www.tourmaui.com/trees-of-maui-sandalwood/ |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=28 April 2015 |publisher=tourmaui.com}}</ref>

===Wildlife===
{{Main|Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands}}Maui is the leading [[Whale watching|whale-watching]] center in the Hawaiian Islands for the [[humpback whale]]s who winter in Maui County's sheltered [[Channels of the Hawaiian Islands|{{okina}}Au{{okina}}au Channel]]. These mammals migrate approximately {{cvt|3500|mi|km}} from [[Alaska]]n waters each autumn and spend November–April mating and birthing in the warm waters. They are typically sighted in pods: small groups of several adults, or groups of a mother, her calf, and a few suitors. Humpbacks are an [[endangered species]] protected by U.S. federal and Hawai{{okina}}i state law. An estimated 21,000-26,000 humpbacks live in [[Pacific Ocean|North Pacific]] waters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Humpback Whales |url=https://www.wildhawaii.org/wildlife/whales/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Hawaii Wildlife Fund |language=en-US}}</ref> Although they face many dangers, due to pollution, commercial vessels, and military sonar testing, their numbers have increased rapidly in recent years, estimated at 7% growth per year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record Number of Whales Sighted During Great Whale Count |url=http://www.pacificwhale.org/news/news_detail.php?id=286 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225114415/http://www.pacificwhale.org/news/news_detail.php?id=286 |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2009-05-31 |publisher=pacificwhale.org}}</ref>[[File:Green_Sea_Turtle,_Maui.jpg|thumb|A [[green sea turtle]] near Maui]]
[[File:Resting Turtle.png|thumb|Turtle resting after a long swim in (Maui, Hawaii)]]
Birdlife lacks the concentration of endemic species found in some other Hawaiian islands. As recently as 200,000 years ago Maui was part of Maui Nui, thus reducing the odds that birds or other species would be endemic to any single one of these. Although Moloka{{okina}}i had several endemic bird species, in modern times Maui Nui's other islands host little endemic birdlife. During and after the Maui Nui period, Maui hosted a species of [[moa-nalo]] (also found on Moloka{{okina}}i, Lāna{{okina}}i, and Kaho{{okina}}olawe), a species of harrier (the [[wood harrier]], shared with Moloka{{okina}}i), an undescribed sea eagle (Maui only), and three species of ground-dwelling flightless ibis (''[[Apteribis]] sp.''), plus other species. Today, Maui's most notable surviving endemic birds are probably the [[ʻAkohekohe]] (''Palmeria dolei'') and the [[Maui parrotbill]] (''Pseudonestor xanthophrys''), also known as ''Kiwikiu'', both of which are critically endangered and only found in an alpine forest on the windward slopes of Haleakalā.

Conservation efforts have examined how to mitigate female parrotbill mortality since that is a key driving factor driving population decline. The parrotbill lacks resistance to mosquito-born diseases, particularly [[avian malaria]], so only forests above 1500 meters of elevation provide refuge. The habitat was undergoing restoration in east Maui as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mounce |first1=Hanna L. |last2=Warren |first2=Christopher C. |last3=McGowan |first3=Conor P. |last4=Paxton |first4=Eben H. |last5=Groombridge |first5=Jim J. |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Extinction Risk and Conservation Options for Maui Parrotbill, an Endangered Hawaiian Honeycreeper |journal=Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=367–382 |doi=10.3996/072017-JFWM-059 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2018JFWM....9..367M }}</ref> As Maui's human population grew, previously undeveloped areas that provided a refuge decreased in size. More than 250 species of local flora are federally listed as endangered or threatened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maui Island Plan |url=https://www.mauicounty.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/26582 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402164953/https://www.mauicounty.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/26582 |archive-date=2022-04-02 |access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref> Birds found on other islands as well as Maui include the [[ʻIʻiwi]] (''Drepanis coccinea''], [[ʻApapane]] (''Himatione sanguinea''), [[Hawaiʻi ʻAmakihi]] (''Chlorodrepanis virens),'' as [[Maui ʻAlauahio]] (''Paroreomyza montana'') well as the [[Nene (bird)|Nene]] (''Branta sandvicensis'', Hawaii's state bird), [[Hawaiian coot]] (''Fulica alai''), [[Hawaiian stilt]] (''Himantopus mexicanus knudseni'').

In 2024, [[Haleakalā National Park]] began to employ the incompatible insect technique to reduce the park's mosquito population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=YAMANAKA |first=SARAH |date=March 29, 2023 |title=BLNR approves final plan to combat avian malaria on Maui |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/hi/hawaii/news/2023/03/28/blnr-approves-final-ea-to-combat-avian-malaria-on-maui |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=spectrumlocalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

Maui is also home to the [[Hawaiian hoary bat]], Hawaii's only native terrestrial mammal. Marine mammals notably include [[Spinner dolphin|spinner]], [[Bottlenose dolphin|bottlenose]], and  [[spotted dolphin]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dolphins |url=https://www.wildhawaii.org/wildlife/dolphins/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Hawaii Wildlife Fund |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
{{main|History of Maui}}
 {{more citations needed section|date=September 2015}}
{{Excerpt|History of Maui}}
[[File:Iao_Needle_MO.jpg|left|thumb|The "needle" of [[{{okina}}Īao Valley]]]]
[[Polynesia]]ns from [[Tahiti]] were Maui's original inhabitants. They introduced the [[Kapu (Hawaiian culture)|kapu]] system, a strict social order that affected all aspects of life and became the core of Hawaiian culture. Modern Hawaiian history began in the mid-18th century. [[Kamehameha I]], king [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaiʻi island]], invaded Maui in 1790 and fought the inconclusive [[Battle of Kepaniwai]]. He returned to Hawaiʻi to battle a rival, subduing Maui a few years later.

=== European Contact ===
On November 26, 1778, explorer [[James Cook]] became the first European to see Maui. Cook never set foot on the island, because he was unable to find a suitable landing. The first European to come ashore was French admiral [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse]], who landed on the shores of what became [[La Perouse Bay]] on May 29, 1786. More Europeans followed: traders, whalers, loggers (e.g., of [[sandalwood]]) and [[Missionary|missionaries]]. The latter began to arrive from [[New England]] in 1823, settling in Lahaina, at that time Hawaii's capitol.  Missionaries taught reading and writing, devised the [[Hawaiian alphabet]] in order to translate a Bible into Hawaiian, operated a printing press in Lahaina, and began recording the islands' history, which had been transmitted only orally.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Goldman |first=Rita |date=May 2008 |title=Hale Pa'i |url=http://www.mauimagazine.net/Maui-Magazine/May-June-2008/Hale-Pai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531191931/http://www.mauimagazine.net/Maui-Magazine/May-June-2008/Hale-Pai/ |archive-date=31 May 2010 |access-date=8 December 2010 |magazine=Maui Magazine}}</ref> The missionaries both altered and preserved the native culture. The religious work altered the culture while the literacy efforts preserved history and language. Missionaries started the first school in Lahaina, Lahainaluna Mission School, which opened in 1831  and still exists.

=== Whaling ===
[[File:'Japanese_Laborers_on_Spreckelsville_Plantation',_oil_on_canvas_painting_by_Joseph_Dwight_Strong,_1885,_private_collection.jpg|thumb|Japanese laborers on Maui harvesting [[sugarcane]] in 1885]]
At the height of the [[whaling]] era (1843–1860), Lahaina was a major center. In one season over 400 ships visited with up to 100 anchored at one time in [[Lahaina Roads|Lāhainā Roads]]. Ships tended to stay for weeks rather than days, fostering extended drinking and the rise of [[prostitution]], against which the missionaries battled. Whaling declined steeply at the end of the 19th century as [[petroleum]] replaced [[whale oil]].

Along with the rest of Hawaii, Maui was part of the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]], the [[Republic of Hawaii]], [[Territories of the United States|Hawaiian territory]], and the [[Hawaii|state of Hawaii]].

In 1937, [[Vibora Luviminda]] [[trade union]] conducted the final ethnic [[strike action]] in the  Hawaiian Islands against four Maui [[Sugar plantations in Hawaii|sugarcane plantations]], demanding higher wages and the dismissal of five foremen. Manuel Fagel and nine other strike leaders were arrested, and charged with kidnapping a worker. Fagel spent four months in jail while the strike continued. Eventually, Vibora Luviminda made its point and the workers won a 15% increase in wages after 85 days on strike, but no written contract was signed.

=== World War II ===
Maui was involved in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater]] of [[World War II]] as a staging center, training base, and [[R&R (military)|rest and relaxation]] site. At the peak in 1943–1944, more than 100,000 soldiers were based there. The main base of the [[4th Marine Division (United States)|4th Marine Division]] was in [[Haiku, Hawaii|Haiku]]. Beaches were used to practice [[Amphibious warfare|landings]] and train in marine demolition and sabotage.

=== 2023 wildfires ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Hawaii wildfires|paragraphs=1}}

== Development ==
[[File:KahakuloaHead_sml.jpg|left|thumb|Kahakuloa Head near the tiny village of [[Kahakuloa, Hawaii|Kahakuloa]] on the north side of west Maui]]
The island experienced rapid population growth through 2007. At the time, Kīhei was one of the most rapidly growing towns in the United States. The island attracted many retirees, with accompanying service providers. Population growth produced strains, including traffic, housing cost/availability, and access to water.

In the 2000s, controversies raged over whether to allow continued real-estate development. [[Vacation rentals]] in residential neighborhoods became a flashpoint - many were unpermitted, and were later closed after enforcement escalated. The [[Hawaii Superferry]] briefly offered interisland service, before it was banned for not having completed an [[Environmental impact statement|EIS]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court ruling forces Hawaii Superferry shutdown, layoffs |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2009/03/23/story5.html?page=all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718233006/http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2009/03/23/story5.html?page=all |archive-date=2014-07-18 |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref>

The creator of the [[apparel]] company [[Uniqlo]] and the richest man in [[Japan]], [[Tadashi Yanai]] a [[golf]] enthusiast, paid $75 million to purchase two golf courses from [[Maui Land & Pineapple Company|Maui Land & Pineapple]] in 2014, the company primarily controlled by [[Steve Case]], a native of Hawaii.<ref name="n309">{{cite web | last=Liu | first=Phoebe | title=These Billionaires Own 11% Of Hawaii's Private Land | website=Forbes | date=2024-02-18 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/phoebeliu/2024/02/18/meet-the-billionaires-buying-up-hawaii/ | access-date=2025-10-31}}</ref>

In 2016, Maui residents convinced officials to switch to organic pesticides for highway applications after they learned that label requirements for [[glyphosate formulation]]s had not been followed.<ref name="time2">{{Cite magazine |title=How Activists Are Restricting Use of a Major Pesticide |url=https://time.com/4295272/glyphosate-pesticide-roundup-hawaii-activists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129085757/http://time.com/4295272/glyphosate-pesticide-roundup-hawaii-activists/ |archive-date=2018-01-29 |access-date=2018-08-15 |magazine=Time}}</ref>

=== Water supply ===
{{US Census population
| title= Maui County {{R|PopRef}}
| 1950 = 40103
| 1960 = 35717
| 1970 = 38691
| 1980 = 62823
| 1990 = 91361
| 2000 = 117644
| 2010 = 144444
| 2020 = 168307
}}
The new millennium brought droughts, increasing pressure on the {{okina}}Īao [[aquifer]], with withdrawals rising above 18 million U.S. gallons (68,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day. Recent estimates indicate that Maui has a potential supply of potable water around 476 million U.S. gallons (1,800,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day, {{Citation needed|date=June 2017}} virtually all of which drains into the ocean.

Water for agriculture comes mostly from East Maui streams, routed through a network of tunnels and ditches dug by [[Chinese immigration to Hawaii|Chinese]] laborers in the 19th century.

In 2006, [[Paia, Hawaii|Paia]] petitioned the county to avoid mixing in treated water from wells known to be contaminated with [[1,2-dibromoethane]] and [[1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane]] from former pineapple cultivation.<ref>''Environment Hawaii'', 1996</ref> Agriculture companies were released from liability for these chemicals.<ref>County of Maui, 1999</ref> In 2009, the [[Office of Hawaiian Affairs]] and others successfully argued in court that sugar companies should reduce the amount of water they take from four streams.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pending ruling restores water to 4 streams on Maui |url=http://www.starbulletin.com/news/20090412_Pending_ruling_restores_water_to_4_streams_on_Maui.html |access-date=10 October 2014 |work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Fleming_Beach,_Maui.jpg|left|thumb|Fleming Beach near [[Kapalua, Hawaii|Kapalua]]]]

[[Tourism in the United States|Tourism]] is Maui's major industry. Other large sectors include development, retail, business services, health care, and government. Maui has a growing presence in agriculture and information technology.

Unemployment tends to be well below the US average, e.g., 1.7% in December 2006, rising to only 9% in March 2009<ref>{{cite web |date=4 December 2010 |title=Unemployment rate |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=usunemployment&met=unemployment_rate&idim=county:PA150150&q=maui+county+unemployment+rate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402164923/https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=usunemployment&met=unemployment_rate&idim=county%3APA150150&q=maui+county+unemployment+rate |archive-date=2 April 2022 |access-date=27 February 2016 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref> before falling to 2.1% in January, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maui Now: Maui Unemployment Rate Remains Low in January |url=http://mauinow.com/2018/03/09/maui-unemployment-rate-remains-low-in-january/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315200028/http://mauinow.com/2018/03/09/maui-unemployment-rate-remains-low-in-january/ |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2018-03-14 |work=Maui Now {{!}} Maui Unemployment Rate Remains Low in January |language=en-US}}</ref> The 2023 fires upended that norm, raising unemployment above the Hawaii and US figures.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

===Agriculture===
Maui's primary agriculture products are corn and other seeds, fruits, cattle, wine, and vegetables.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US Department of Agriculture |date=2013 |title=20121 Census of Agriculture – Maui County |url=https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Hawaii/cp15009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503175631/https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Hawaii/cp15009.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-03 |access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref> Specific products include [[coffee]], [[macadamia]] nuts, [[papaya]], [[flower]]s and fresh [[pineapple]]. In 1974, Emil Tedeschi of the [[Napa Valley]] winegrower family of [[Calistoga, California]], established the first Hawaiian commercial winery, the Tedeschi Winery (later Maui Wine) at Ulupalakua Ranch, initially focused on [[pineapple wine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mauiwine.com/company/our-story/|title=Our Story|website=Maui Wine}}</ref>

Historically, Maui's primary products were sugar and pineapple. [[Maui Land & Pineapple Company]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Maui Land & Pineapple Company homepage |url=http://www.mauiland.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422161656/https://www.mauiland.com/ |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> and Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial and Sugar Company |url=http://www.hcsugar.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415040241/http://www.hcsugar.com/ |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> (HC&S, a subsidiary of Alexander and Baldwin Company) dominated agricultural activity. In 2016, sugar production ended.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bittersweet End to Cane Plantation Days |url=http://hpr2.org/post/bittersweet-end-cane-plantation-days |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121053119/http://hpr2.org/post/bittersweet-end-cane-plantation-days |archive-date=2016-01-21 |access-date=2016-01-07 |website=hpr2.org |last1=Solomon |first1=Molly }}</ref> Haliimaile Pineapple Co. grows pineapple on former Maui Land & Pineapple Co. land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maui Pine assets sold for quarter of worth – Pacific Business News |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2010/01/04/daily44.html?ana=yfcpc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620093528/http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2010/01/04/daily44.html?ana=yfcpc |archive-date=2017-06-20 |access-date=2016-01-15 |website=Pacific Business News}}</ref>

In November 2014, a Maui County referendum enacted a moratorium on [[Genetic engineering in Hawaii|genetically engineered crops]].<ref>{{cite news |date=November 5, 2014 |title=Election results show money doesn't guarantee votes |url=http://khon2.com/2014/11/05/election-results-show-money-doesnt-guarantee-votes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216180355/http://khon2.com/2014/11/05/election-results-show-money-doesnt-guarantee-votes/ |archive-date=2014-12-16 |access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref> Shortly thereafter Monsanto and other agribusinesses obtained a court injunction suspending the moratorium.{{R|monsanto}}

In 2018, Canadian pension fund [[Public Sector Pension Investment Board]] purchased A&B's Maui farmlands (41,000 acres) and contracted with [[Mahi Pono]], a subsidiary of Trinitas Partners to return these fallow lands to agriculture. Mahi Pono also has a controlling interest in Maui Cattle Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahi Pono now majority owner of Maui Cattle Co. hui of ranchers |url=https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2020/02/mahi-pono-now-majority-owner-of-maui-cattle-co-hui-of-ranchers/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=mauinews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahi Pono to bring more crops to packing facility|first=Melissa|last=Tanji |url=https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2023/11/mahi-pono-to-bring-more-crops-to-packing-facility/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=mauinews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Information technology===
Most technology organizations that are located on the island occupy the Maui Research & Technology Park<ref>{{cite web |title=Maui Research and Technology Park |url=https://mauitechpark.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326092315/https://mauitechpark.com/ |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=mauitechpark}}</ref> which is located in Kihei. This includes the Maui Research and Technology Center{{R|MRTC1}} and the [[Pacific Disaster Center]]. It is a program of the [[High Technology Development Corporation]],{{R|MRTC2}}<ref>{{cite web |title=TTDC homepage |url=http://www.htdc.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223070550/http://www.htdc.org/ |archive-date=23 December 2010 |access-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> an agency of the State of Hawaii, whose focus is to facilitate the growth of Hawaii's commercial high-technology sector.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2000 |title=Hawaii's Emerging Technology Industry |url=http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/data_reports/hawaii-econ/he0100.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821235559/http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/data_reports/hawaii-econ/he0100.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-21 |access-date=2006-08-09}}</ref>

===Astrophysics===
Maui is an important center for advanced astronomical research. The [[Haleakalā Observatory]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Institute for Astronomy, Maui homepage |url=http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/haleakala/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729215042/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/haleakala/ |archive-date=29 July 2013 |access-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> was Hawaii's first astronomical research and development facility, operating at the Maui Space Surveillance Site (MSSS) electro-optical facility. "At the 10,023-foot summit of the long-dormant volcano Haleakalā, operational satellite tracking facilities are co-located with a research and development facility providing data acquisition and communication support. The high elevation, dry climate, and freedom from light pollution offer virtually year-round observation of satellites, missiles, man-made orbital debris, and astronomical objects."{{R|MSSS1}}

==Sports==
===Snorkeling/diving===
[[File:Big_waves_at_Makena_Beach_(Big_Beach)_(30799850077).jpg|thumb|"Big Beach" in [[Makena, Hawaii|Makena]], on Maui Island's southwest shore]]
[[Snorkeling]] and diving are popular activities on Maui, with over 30 beaches and bays and at [[Molokini]]. Maui's trade winds tend to come from the northeast, making the most popular places to snorkel on the sheltered south and west shores. Maui's ocean water is especially clear due in part to its isolation in the [[Central Pacific Area|Central Pacific]].

===Windsurfing===
Maui is a well-known destination for [[windsurfing]]. Kanaha Beach Park is a very well-known windsurfing spot and may have stand-up paddle boarders or surfers if there are waves and no wind. Windsurfing has evolved on Maui since the early 1980s when it was recognized as an ideal location to test equipment and publicize the sport.

===Surfing===
Surfing is one of Hawaii's most popular sports. [[Ho'okipa]] Beach Park is one of Maui's most famous surfing and windsurfing spots. Other frequently surfed areas include [[Slaughterhouse Beach (Mokule'ia)|Slaughterhouse Beach]], [[Honolua Bay]], [[Peahi, Hawaii|Pe'ahi]] (Jaws), and Fleming Beach. The north side absorbs the most swell during the winter season and the south and west in the summertime. Due to island blocking, summer south swells tend to be weak and rare. [[Standup paddleboarding]] is popular across Maui.

===Kitesurfing===
[[Kitesurfing]] is popular, particularly at Kanaha Beach Park.

==Tourism==
{{see also|Tourism in Hawaii}}
[[File:Kaanapali_beach_sunset_on_Maui_Hawaii_(45015472644).jpg|right|thumb|Kaanapali beach in Lahaina]]
The main tourist attractions are [[Hana, Hawaii|Hāna]] and [[Haleakalā National Park]]. Hāna Highway runs along the east coast, crossing many streams and passing [[black sand]] beaches and [[waterfall]]s. Haleakalā National Park is home to Haleakalā, a [[Volcano#Volcanic activity|dormant volcano]]. Another attraction is the [[Maui Ocean Center]] aquarium in Ma'alaea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maui Ocean Center {{!}} The Aquarium of Hawai'i |url=https://mauioceancenter.com/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Maui Ocean Center |language=en-US}}</ref>

However, visitors spend most of their time at and around the resorts in West Maui ([[Kaanapali, Hawaii|Kā{{okina}}anapali]], [[Napili-Honokowai, Hawaii|Nāpili-Honokōwai]], Kahana, [[Napili, Hawaii|Napili]], [[Kapalua, Hawaii|Kapalua]]) and South Maui (Kīhei, [[Wailea, Hawaii|Wailea]]-[[Makena, Hawaii|Mākena]]). Cruise ships dock at Kahului Harbor. Smaller ports at Lahaina Harbor (temporarily closed) and Ma{{okina}}alaea Harbor (located between Lahaina and Kihei). The town of Lahaina was a popular attraction until the 2023 fires, but is closed indefinitely.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lahaina Town History Timeline {{!}} Maui, Hawaii Events |url=http://lahainatown.com/lahaina-history.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012702/http://lahainatown.com/lahaina-history.php |archive-date=2018-01-26 |access-date=2018-01-25 |website=lahainatown.com}}</ref>

While winning travel industry awards as ''Best Island In The World''<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.visitmaui.com/resources/public/mvb/pdfs/CNT%202009%20Maui%20Best%20Island.pdf |title=Best Island In The World |publisher=Maui Visitors Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222080740/http://www.visitmaui.com/resources/public/mvb/pdfs/CNT%202009%20Maui%20Best%20Island.pdf |archive-date=2009-12-22}}</ref> in recent years some locals and environmentalists criticized what the saw as overdevelopment. Activist groups such as Save Makena<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save Makena |url=http://savemakena.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124612/http://savemakena.org/ |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-08 |website=Save Makena}}</ref> have taken the government to court to protect local citizens' rights.<ref>{{cite news |author=Tayfun King Fast Track |date=2009-03-09 |title=Concerns Of Overdevelopment In Maui |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7930000/newsid_7932500/7932577.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=7932577&bbcws=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314104620/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7930000/newsid_7932500/7932577.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=7932577&bbcws=1 |archive-date=2021-03-14 |access-date=2010-04-09 |publisher=BBC World News}}</ref>{{wide image|Sunrise over Haleakala.jpg|1000px|Sunrise at [[Haleakalā National Park|Haleakalā]]|align-cap=center|alt=Sunrise at Haleakalā}}

==Transport==

=== Public bus ===
{{Excerpt|Maui Bus}}

=== Airports ===
Three airports provide air service to Maui:
* [[Hana Airport]] provides regional service to eastern Maui.
* [[Kahului Airport]] in central Maui is the primary commercial airport.
* [[Kapalua Airport]] provides regional service to western Maui.

=== Major highways ===
All route numbers on Maui begin with the number 3. Two-digit routes represent primary highways, which are maintained by the state. Three- and four-digit routes typically serve as secondary arterials, with the first two digits often corresponding to an associated primary highway. Some of these secondary routes are county-maintained and may remain unsigned.

* {{jct|HI|30|state=HI}} — Honoapiʻilani Highway
* {{jct|HI|31|state=HI}} — Piʻilani Highway
* {{jct|HI|32|state=HI}} — W Main St/Kaʻahumanu Av
* {{jct|HI|36|state=HI}} — Hāna Highway
* {{jct|HI|37|state=HI}} — Haleakalā Highway/Kula Highway
* {{jct|HI|303|state=HI}} — Puʻukoliʻi Road
* {{jct|HI|310|state=HI}} — North Kīhei Road
* {{jct|HI|311|state=HI}} — Maui Veterans Highway
* {{jct|HI|340|state=HI}} — Kahekili Highway
* {{jct|HI|360|state=HI}} — Hāna Highway/Keawa Pl
* {{jct|HI|365|state=HI}}
* {{jct|HI|366|state=HI}} — Haʻikū Rd, Kokomo Rd
* {{jct|HI|371|state=HI}} — Haliʻimalie Rd
* {{jct|HI|377|state=HI}} — Haleakala Highway/Kekaulike Av
* {{jct|HI|378|state=HI}} — Haleakala Highway
* {{jct|HI|380|state=HI}} — Kuihelani Highway
* {{jct|HI|390|state=HI}} — Baldwin Avenue
* {{jct|HI|3000|state=HI}} — Lāhainā Bypass

==Healthcare==
Malama I Ke Ola Health Center and Maui Memorial Medical Center (MMMC) are the only acute care hospital in [[Maui County, Hawaii|Maui County]]. Kula Hospital is a critical access hospital located on the southern half in the rural town of [[Kula, Hawaii|Kula]]. Kula Hospital is an MMMC affiliate. Although not technically a hospital or emergency room, Hana Health Clinic (or Hana Medical Center), works in cooperation with American Medical Response and MMMC to stabilize and transport patients with emergent medical conditions. These facilities operate 24/7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maui Memorial Medical Center |url=http://www.mauimemorialmedical.org/our-hospital/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101195627/http://mauimemorialmedical.org/our-hospital/default.aspx |archive-date=1 November 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kula Hospital |url=http://www.mauimemorialmedical.org/our-family/kula-hospital/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017121153/http://www.mauimemorialmedical.org/our-family/kula-hospital/default.aspx |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hana Health Clinic |url=http://hanahealth.org/page/hana-health |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017145204/http://hanahealth.org/page/hana-health |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>

==International relations==
Maui is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

* {{flagicon|PRT}} [[Funchal|Funchal, Madeira]], Portugal
* {{flagicon|PER}} [[Arequipa]], Perú
* {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Quezon City]], Philippines, since 6 March 1970<ref name="QuezonCityGovPH-SisterCities2">{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=http://quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php/quezon-city-business-district/350-sister-cities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001010801/http://quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php/quezon-city-business-district/350-sister-cities |archive-date=1 October 2017 |access-date=9 April 2019 |website=The Local Government of Quezon City}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{columns-list|*[[Sil Lai Abrams]], writer
*[[Luther Aholo]] (1833– 1888), politician
*[[Lydia Kaʻonohiponiponiokalani Aholo]] (1878– 1979), daughter of Queen [[Liliʻuokalani]]
*[[Wallace M. Alexander]] (1869– 1939), businessman
*[[Irmgard Farden Aluli]] (1911– 2001), songwriter
*[[Renee Alway]], fashion model
*[[Samuel C. Armstrong]] (1839– 1893), Union Army general
*[[Chris Berman]], ESPN sportscaster{{r|bsmre}}<ref>{{cite news |last=WILNER |first=BARRY |date=1 May 2017 |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Chris Berman changing role at ESPN |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Chris-Berman-changing-role-at-ESPN-7303824 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623060743/https://www.gazettenet.com/Chris-Berman-changing-role-at-ESPN-7303824 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Cedric Ceballos]], former [[NBA]] basketball player
*[[Charlie Chong]] (1926– 2007), politician
*[[Alice Cooper]], musician<ref name=cr>{{cite web |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Alice Cooper Spends New Year's Eve with Lynda Carter, Steven Tyler in Hawaii |date=January 4, 2019 |author=JOHN DALY |website=californiarocker.com |url=https://californiarocker.com/2019/01/04/alice-cooper-spends-new-years-eve-with-lynda-carter-steven-tyler-on-maui/ |quote=All are friends and neighbors on the island of Maui, commonly referred to as "Mauifornia" for its overwhelming population of Californians on the island. |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625052206/https://californiarocker.com/2019/01/04/alice-cooper-spends-new-years-eve-with-lynda-carter-steven-tyler-on-maui/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[William H. Cornwell]] (1843– 1903), businessman
*[[Destin Daniel Cretton]], film director and screenwriter
*[[Dylan Donkin]], rock musician
*[[Lani Doherty]], surfer
*[[Clint Eastwood]], actor/director<ref name=bsmre>{{cite web |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Celebrities in Maui Hawaii |publisher=Buy or Sell Maui Real Estate |url=https://www.buyorsellmauirealestate.com/famous-celebrities-maui/ |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627023806/https://www.buyorsellmauirealestate.com/famous-celebrities-maui/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Joe Eszterhas]], [[Hungarian Americans|Hungarian-American]] screenwriter and author<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2009/02/06/february-6-2009-joe-eszterhas/2170/ |title=Joe Eszterhas February 6, 2009 |date=6 February 2009 |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726225823/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2009/02/06/february-6-2009-joe-eszterhas/2170/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Thomas Wright Everett]] (1823– 1895), former governor of Maui (1882– 1883)
*[[Harry Field (American football)|Harry Field]] (1911– 1964), former American football player
*[[Mick Fleetwood]], musician<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mauimagazine.net/rock-meets-mountain |title=Rock Meets Mountain: This Kula abode is where Mick Fleetwood unscrews up. |date=July 6, 2019 |author=Paul Wood |website=mauimagazine.net |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |quote=…he makes it clear that the Napili house is the actual domicile… |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626153334/https://www.mauimagazine.net/rock-meets-mountain/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Abraham Fornander]] (1812– 1887), judge
*[[Beverly Gannon]], chef
*[[Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom]], songwriter
*[[Kendall Grove]], mixed martial artist
*[[Barney F. Hajiro]] (1916– 2011), [[Medal of Honor]] recipient 
*[[S. N. Haleʻole]] (1819– 1866), writer and historian
*[[Woody Harrelson]], actor{{r|bsmre}}
*[[George Harrison]] (1943– 2001), musician/guitarist of [[The Beatles]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Huntley |first=Elliot |title=Mystical One: George Harrison: After the Break-up of the Beatles |publisher=Guernica Editions |year=2006 |orig-year=2004 |isbn=978-1-55071-197-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcg50S6jLnoC |access-date=2020-06-23 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801213142/https://books.google.com/books?id=rcg50S6jLnoC |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Hon Chew Hee]] (1906– 1993), artist
*[[David Kahalekula Kaʻauwai]] (1833– 1856), politician 
*[[William Hoapili Kaʻauwai]] (1835– 1874), politician
*[[Zorobabela Kaʻauwai]] (1799– 1856), politician
*[[Willie K]] (1960– 2020), musician
*[[Anthony T. Kahoʻohanohano]] (1930– 1951), [[Medal of Honor]] recipient 
*[[Kapahei Kauai]] (1825– 1893), judge
*[[Helio Koaʻeloa]] (1815– 1846), missionary
*[[Kamaka Kūkona]], musician
*[[Kris Kristofferson]], musician{{r|bsmre}}
*[[Charles Lindbergh]] (1902– 1974), aviator
*[[Antony Garrett Lisi|Garrett Lisi]], physicist
*[[James Makee]] (1813– 1879), businessman
*[[David Malo]] (1793– 1853), historian
*[[Cecilia Suyat Marshall]], historian
*[[Patsy Mink]] (1927– 2002), lawyer and politician
*[[Andy Miyamoto]], former baseball player
*[[Dave Murray (musician)|Dave Murray]], musician/guitarist of [[Iron Maiden]]
*[[Jim Nabors]] (1930– 2017), actor/singer<ref>{{cite web |date=October 3, 2019 |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Aloha! Jim Nabors' Massive 170-Acre Maui Retreat Is Available for $4.5M |website=sfgate.com |url=https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Aloha-Jim-Nabors-Massive-170-Acre-Maui-Retreat-14488793.php |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626103321/https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Aloha-Jim-Nabors-Massive-170-Acre-Maui-Retreat-14488793.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[George Naea]] (died 1854), high chief of the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]]
*[[Linda Nagata]], author
*[[Betsy Nagelsen]], former tennis player
*[[Don Nelson]], former NBA basketball player and coach{{r|bsmre}}
*[[Willie Nelson]], musician
*[[Danny Ongais]], former [[Championship Auto Racing Teams|CART]], [[IndyCar Series|IndyCar]], [[Formula One]] driver
*[[Kalani Pe'a]], songwriter
*[[Jeff Peterson (guitarist)|Jeff Peterson]], musician
*[[Poncie Ponce]] (1933– 2013), actor and comedian
*[[Richard Pryor]] (1940– 2005) comedian<ref>{{cite news |date=31 May 1995 |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Pryor wrote the book on comedy and now, a memoir of his tumultuous life |author=Michael Oricchio |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-05-31-1995151149-story.html |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026135831/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-05-31-1995151149-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Puaaiki]] (1785– 1844), preacher
*[[Michael Reeves (YouTuber)|Michael Reeves]], YouTube personality
*[[Kealiʻi Reichel]], musician
*[[Bob Rock]], musician/record producer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.agloballifestyle.com/legendary-music-producer-bob-rock-on-why-he-has-called-hawaii-home-for-20-years/ |title=Legendary Music Producer Bob Rock On Why He Has Lived In Hawaii For 20+ Years |date=July 6, 2019 |author=[[Darren Paltrowitz]] |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |quote=My home is basically the island… |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626002850/http://www.agloballifestyle.com/legendary-music-producer-bob-rock-on-why-he-has-called-hawaii-home-for-20-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Will Rodgers]], [[NASCAR]] driver
*[[Tadashi Sato]] (1923– 2005), artist
*[[Daniel Scott (soccer)|Daniel Scott]], American soccer player
*[[Zach Scott]], American soccer player
*[[Mike Stone (karate)|Mike Stone]], martial artist
*[[Kurt Suzuki]], baseball player
*[[Hannibal Tavares]] (1919– 1998), politician
*[[Kanekoa Texeira]], a former baseball pitcher who is currently the manager for the [[Mississippi Braves]]
*[[Kiana Tom]], television host for [[ESPN]]
*[[Rose Tribe]] (1890– 1934), singer
*[[Shan Tsutsui]], former Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii (2012– 2018)
*[[Steven Tyler]], lead singer of [[Aerosmith]]{{r|bsmre}}
*[[Camile Velasco]], singer
*[[Shane Victorino]], former baseball outfielder{{r|bsmre}}
*[[Armine von Tempski]] (1892– 1943), writer
*[[Robert William Wilcox]] (1855– 1903), politician
*[[Owen Wilson]], actor{{r|bsmre}}
*[[Oprah Winfrey]], talk show host<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tinker |first1=Ben |last2=Boyette |first2=Chris |date=August 11, 2023 |title=Oprah Winfrey visits residents in shelters affected by Maui wildfires |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/entertainment/oprah-winfrey-maui-wildfire-shelters/index.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Becky Worley]], journalist
*[[Weird Al Yankovic]], musician<ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 Jun 2020 |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://www.weirdal.com/archives/faq/ |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625035833/https://www.weirdal.com/archives/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Wally Yonamine]] (1925– 2011), athlete|colwidth=22em}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Hawaii|Islands
}}

* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii#Maui|National Register of Historic Places listings for Maui]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references ><ref name="ElevationRef">{{citation |chapter-url=http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/economic/databook/2015-individual/05/051315.pdf |chapter=Table 5.13 – Elevation of Major Summits |title=The State of Hawaii Data Book 2015 |publisher=State of Hawaii |year=2015 |access-date=2007-07-23 |archive-date=2017-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207131313/http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/economic/databook/2015-individual/05/051315.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SizeRef">{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/section05.pdf |chapter=Table 5.08 – Land Area of Islands: 2000 |title=2004 State of Hawaii Data Book |publisher=State of Hawaii |year=2004 |access-date=2007-07-23 |archive-date=2012-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201054628/http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/section05.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PopRef">{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2010/section01.pdf |chapter=Table 1.05 – Resident Population of Islands 1950 to 2010 |title=2010 State of Hawaii Data Book |publisher=State of Hawaii |year=2010 |access-date=2011-09-25 |archive-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813085700/http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2010/section01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sterling">{{cite book |first=Elspeth P. |last=Sterling |title=Sites of Maui |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=esxyAAAAMAAJ |page=2}}|date=1 June 1998|publisher=Bishop Museum Press|isbn=978-0-930897-97-0|page=2}}</ref><ref name=monsanto>{{cite news |author1=Audrey McAvoy |author2=and KHON2 |title=Federal judge blocks Maui GMO moratorium |url=http://khon2.com/2014/11/14/federal-judge-blocks-maui-gmo-moratorium/ |access-date=16 November 2014 |date=November 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222052454/http://khon2.com/2014/11/14/federal-judge-blocks-maui-gmo-moratorium/ |archive-date=2014-12-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="MRTC1">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000453/http://www.htdc.org/incubation/mrtc/ |archive-date=March 4, 2009 |url=http://www.htdc.org/incubation/mrtc/ |title=Maui Research & Technology Center |access-date=September 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name="MRTC2">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929060747/http://www.maui.com/mrtc/mrtc.cfm |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url=http://www.maui.com/mrtc/mrtc.cfm |title=What is the Maui Research & Technology Center? |access-date=September 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name="MSSS1">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929060740/http://www.maui.com/mrtc/msss.cfm |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url=http://www.maui.com/mrtc/msss.cfm |title=Maui Space Surveillance Site |access-date=September 4, 2012}}</ref></references>

==Publications==

* {{cite book |last1=Kyselka |first1=Will |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=tVs_CA7azz0C}} |title=Maui, How It Came to Be |last2=Lanterman |first2=Ray E. |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-8248-0530-2}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|Maui|voy=Maui}}

* {{Official website|http://www.co.maui.hi.us/}}
* [http://blogs.ksbe.edu/kmslc/files/2014/11/aaamaui1.pdf High resolution Moku/Ahupua'a map]

{{Hawaii}}
{{Maui County, Hawaii}}
{{Hawaiian volcanism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maui| ]]
[[Category:Islands of Hawaii]]
[[Category:Maui County, Hawaii]]