View source for Mauser BK-27

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = Mauser BK-27
| image = Mauser BK-27 LKCV.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = The Mauser BK-27
| origin = Germany<!-- Country flag removed per [[WP:Manual of Style#Images]]. -->
| type = [[Revolver cannon]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = yes
| is_artillery = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service = 
| used_by = See [[#Operators|''operators'']]
| wars = <!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[Mauser]] (now [[Rheinmetall]])
| design_date = 1976
| manufacturer = Mauser (now Rheinmetall)
| unit_cost = 
| production_date = 1977–present
| number = 3,100~
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label = 
| weight = {{convert|100|kg|lboz|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| length = {{convert|2.31|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| part_length = {{convert|1.73|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = 
| height = 
| diameter = 
| crew = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge = 27×145 mm
| caliber = {{convert|27|mm|3|abbr=on}} caliber
| barrels = Single barrel
| action = [[revolver cannon|five-chamber revolver]]
| rate = 1,000–1,700 rpm (+/− 100 rpm), selectable
| velocity = {{convert|1100|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="navweaps1">{{cite web|url=http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_27mm-145_mlg27.php|title=Germany 27 mm/145 MLG 27 - NavWeaps|website=navweaps.com|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>
| range = 
| max_range = Air targets: 2,500 meters
Surface targets: 4,000 meters
High speed naval targets: 2,500 meters
| feed = 
| sights = 
}}

The '''BK 27''' (also '''BK27''' or '''BK-27''') (German abbreviation for ''Bordkanone'', "on-board cannon") is a {{convert|27|mm|3|abbr=on}} [[caliber]] [[revolver cannon]] manufactured by [[Mauser]] (now part of [[Rheinmetall]]) of Germany. It was developed in the late 1960s for the MRCA (Multi Role Combat Aircraft) program that ultimately became the [[Panavia Tornado]].<ref name="JAH">{{cite book|last1=Ian|first1=V. Hogg|last2=Terry|first2=J. Gander|title=Jane's Ammunition Handbook|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Ammunition-Handbook/27-x-145-B-ammunition-Switzerland.html|year=1998|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|isbn=9780710617897|chapter=Cannon - 20 to 30 mm cannon: 27 x 145 B ammunition (Switzerland)}}</ref>

The BK 27 is a [[Gas-operated reloading|gas-operated]] [[cannon]] firing a series of 27×145&nbsp;mm cartridges with a typical projectile weight of 260 g (9.2&nbsp;oz), and a total weight for the complete round of 516&nbsp;g (1.14&nbsp;lb).<ref name="navweaps1"/> Most models use a linked feed system for the ammunition; however, the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]] makes use of a specially developed variant of the BK 27 that uses a linkless feed system instead, which is intended to improve reliability.<ref name="JAH"/>

==Design==
The Mauser BK 27 is used in the [[Panavia Tornado]], the [[Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet]], the [[JAS 39 Gripen]], and the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]. At one time Lockheed Martin was considering a licensed-built version for the [[F-35 Lightning II]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lopez |first=Ramon |date=1999-04-14 |title=Lockheed Martin favours German cannon for JSF |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/lockheed-martin-favours-german-cannon-for-jsf/25812.article |magazine=[[Flight International]] |language=en |access-date=2024-01-02}}</ref>

[[Rheinmetall]] has also developed remote-controlled naval versions, the '''MN 27 GS''' and the '''MLG 27''' fully automatic naval guns, which are installed on many ships of the [[German Navy]]. Ninety-nine MLG 27s have been ordered by the German Navy so far.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/index.php?lang=2&fid=962 |title=Rheinmetall AG - 01.12.2003: Marineleichtgeschütz MLG 27 jetzt in der Auslieferung – Neuer Standard für die Deutsche Marine |access-date=2010-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204030517/http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com//index.php?lang=2&fid=962 |archive-date=2007-12-04 }}</ref> The cannon is a single-barrel, high-performance, breech-cylinder gun operated by a fully automatic, electrically fired, gas-operated system at a selective rate of 1000 or 1700 rounds per minute(+/− 100 rpm).<ref name="JAH"/> The Mauser BK 27 utilizes pyrotechnic cocking charges to cycle the action.

The gun mainly fires [[mine shell]]s as these have the best effect against aircraft. There are also several types of armor piercing shells like the frangible armour piercing shell named Fap 27&nbsp;mm x 145&nbsp;mm ammunition/peb327 (DM103).{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Operational history===

In his book Typhoon, former [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] pilot Mike Sutton reported his 27&nbsp;mm cannon jamming during a strafing run in Syria, against ISIS targets, while supporting Allied ground units. According to his book, the Typhoon was to be built, originally, without an internal gun, like the F-4 Phantom and the [[Hawker Siddeley Harrier|Harrier]]. However, while a decision was made to install an internal gun, this led to "manufacturing issues". Sutton claimed that during his strafing run the gun jammed after "twenty-six rounds", the HUD showing "GUN FAIL". During the debrief this problem was well known to both the pilots and ground crews. One pilot told Sutton: "They said that issue had been fixed", to which Sutton replied "Exactly. We've been here before."<ref>Typhoon, Mike Sutton and Clifford Thurlow, Penguin (20 September 2022), {{ISBN|9781405950381}}, pp 324-326, 330</ref>

== Operators ==
[[File:Autocannon MLG27.jpg|thumb|MLG 27 mounted on board an [[Elbe-class replenishment ship|''Elbe''-class replenishment ship]] of the German Navy]]
[[File:MLG auf EGV.JPG|thumb|MLG 27 on board a [[Berlin-class replenishment ship|''Berlin''-class replenishment ship]] of the German Navy]]
[[File:Mauser BK-27 Users.png|thumb|Map with operators of the BK-27 in blue and former operators in red]]

=== Current operators ===
;{{flag|Algeria}}
:[[Algerian Navy]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2012-07-25 |title=Algerian National Navy, Algeria Naval forces, القوات البحرية الجزائرية, naval defence industry, navy technology, frigates, corvettes, submarines, systems |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/world-naval-forces/african-navies-vessels-ships-equipment/algeria-algerian-navy-vessels-ships-equipment.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206100957/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/world-naval-forces/african-navies-vessels-ships-equipment/algeria-algerian-navy-vessels-ships-equipment.html |archive-date=6 February 2014 |access-date=2019-02-05 |publisher=Navyrecognition.com}}</ref>
;{{flag|Austria}}
:[[Austrian Air Force]]:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter Typhoon Multirole Combat Fighter |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ef2000/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
;{{flag|Brazil}}
:[[Brazilian Air Force]]:
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen E/F]]
;{{flag|Brunei}}
:[[Royal Brunei Navy]]
:* 4 × {{Sclass|Darussalam|offshore patrol vessel|4}} with 1 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2014 |title=HRH commissions new ship |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2014/09/09/hrh-commissions-new-ship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214165305/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2014/09/09/hrh-commissions-new-ship |archive-date=14 December 2014 |website=BT.com.bn |publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]}}</ref>
:* 4 × [[Ijtihad-class patrol boat|''Ijtihad'' class]] with 1 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Brunei Navy |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brunei/navy.htm |website=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>
;{{flag|Canada}}
:[[Discovery Air Defence Services]]:
:* [[Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (former Luftwaffe and [[Qinetiq|QinetiQ Aircraft]])<ref name="Top Aces2">{{Cite web |title=Top Aces |url=http://www.topaces.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423224117/https://topaces.com/ |archive-date=2019-04-23 |access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref>
;{{flag|Czech Republic}}
:[[Czech Air Force]]:
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D]]
;{{flag|Germany}}
:[[German Air Force|German Air force]]:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bordkanone Mauser 27 Millimeter |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/ausruestung-bewaffnung/bordkanone-27-mm |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 1]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 2]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 4]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon#Proposed upgrade for German Tornado replacement|Eurofighter ECR]]
:* [[Panavia Tornado IDS]]
:* [[Panavia Tornado ECR]]
:[[German Navy]]:
:* 4 × {{sclass|Brandenburg|frigate|4}} (F123) with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=27mm MLG 27 |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/881-27mm+MLG+27 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Weaponsystems.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brandenburg-Klasse F123 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/brandenburg-klasse-f123-fregatte |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 3 × {{sclass|Sachsen|frigate|4}} (F124) with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fregatten der Sachsen-Klasse |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/sachsen-klasse-f124-fregatte |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 4 × {{sclass|Baden-Württemberg|frigate|4}} (F125) with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2024-11-04 |title=German Navy Confirms Its Supersized Frigate Will Avoid The Red Sea |url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/german-navy-confirms-its-underarmed-super-sized-frigate-will-avoid-the-red-sea |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The War Zone |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Baden-Württemberg-Klasse F125 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/baden-wuerttemberg-klasse-f125-fregatten |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 6 × [[F126 frigate|''Niedersachsen'' class (F126)]] with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|de|MLG 27}} each<ref>{{cite web | title=Rheinmetall chosen to supply MLG27-4.0 systems for German F126 ships | date=17 November 2022 | url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/rheinmetall-mlg27-german-f126-ships/ }}</ref>
:* 10 × {{sclass|Braunschweig|corvette|4}} (K130) with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name="Braunschweig-Klasse K130">{{Cite web |title=Braunschweig-Klasse K130 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/korvette-k130 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 2 × {{sclass|Ensdorf|minesweeper|4}} (Type 352) to be upgraded with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each
:* 8 × {{sclass|Frankenthal|minehunter|4}} (Type 322) to be upgraded with 1 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Frankenthal-Klasse MJ332B/C/CL |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/minenjagdboot-frankenthal-klasse-mj332 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 3 × {{sclass|Berlin|replenishment ship|4}} with 4 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Einsatzgruppenversorger der Berlin-Klasse |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/berlin-klasse-egv-702 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
:* 2 × {{sclass|Elbe|replenishment ship|4}} (Type 404) to be upgraded with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tender Typ 404 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/elbe-klasse-404 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>
;{{flag|Hungary}}
:[[Hungarian Air Force]]:
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D]]
;{{flag|Italy}}
:[[Italian Air Force|Italian Air force]]:<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Ammunition for 27mm Mauser cannon |url=https://www.difesa.it/assets/allegati/35798/aer_ep_a_10_em1_ed_10022021.pdf}}</ref>
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 1]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 2]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 4]]
:* [[Panavia Tornado IDS]]
:* [[Panavia Tornado ECR]]
;{{flag|Oman}}
:[[Royal Air Force of Oman]]:<ref name=":1" />
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
;{{flag|Qatar}}
:[[Qatar Emiri Air Force]]:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Orr |first=Christian D. |date=2024-12-25 |title=Europe Loves the Eurofighter Typhoon (And Other Countries May Be Buying) |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/europe-loves-eurofighter-typhoon-and-other-countries-may-be-buying-213522 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref>
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
;{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
:[[Royal Saudi Air Force]]:<ref name=":1" />
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 2]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
:* [[Panavia Tornado IDS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nations – Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.panavia.de/nations/kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=6 February 2019 |publisher=Panavia Aircraft GmbH}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=World Air Forces 2018 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/ |access-date=12 February 2019 |website=Flightglobal.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
;{{flag|South Africa}}
:[[South African Air Force]]:
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D]]
;{{flag|Spain}}
:[[Spanish Air and Space Force|Spanish Air Force]]:<ref name=":1" />
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 1]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 2]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 4]]
;{{flag|Sweden}}
:[[Swedish Air Force]] (under the designation ''27 mm akan m/85'' / 27 mm automatkanon m/85)
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D and E/F]]
;{{flag|Thailand}}
:[[Royal Thai Air Force]]:
:* [[Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (former Luftwaffe aircraft)
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D]]
;{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
:[[United Arab Emirates Navy]]:
:* 6 × [[Baynunah-class corvette|''Baynunah'' class]] with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each<ref>https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/62946/ssoar-2019-bales_et_al-German_arms_in_the_Yemen.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Page 5)</ref>
;{{flag|United Kingdom}}
:[[Royal Air Force]]:<ref name=":1" />
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 1]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 2]]
:* [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Tranche 3]]

=== Systems retired ===

;{{flag|Australia}}
:[[Royal Australian Air Force]]: 
:* [[Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (former Luftwaffe aircraft, retired)<ref name="Top Aces2"/>
;{{flag|Germany}}
:[[German Air Force]]: 
:* [[Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (retired and sold second-hand)
:[[Marineflieger]]:
:* [[Panavia Tornado IDS]] (retired and transferred to Luftwaffe)<ref>{{cite web |title=Operations – Germany |url=https://www.panavia.de/operations/squadrons/germany/ |access-date=6 February 2019 |publisher=Panavia Aircraft GmbH}}</ref>
:[[German Navy]]:
:* 8 × {{sclass|Bremen|frigate|4}} (F122) with 2 × {{ill|MLG27-4.0 SeaSnake|lt=MLG27|de|MLG 27}} each
;{{flag|Portugal}}
:[[Portuguese Air Force]]: 
:* [[Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (former Luftwaffe aircraft, retired in January 2018)<ref>Mata 2017, pp. 87–89.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barreira |first1=Victor |date=20 November 2017 |title=Portugal to phase out Alpha Jet A |url=http://www.janes.com/article/75823/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171120202408/http://www.janes.com/article/75823/portugal-to-phase-out-alpha-jet-a |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=20 November 2017 |website=IHS Jane's 360}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=March 2018 |title=Portugal retires its Alpha Jets |magazine=Air International |page=16 |issn=0306-5634}}</ref>
;{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
:[[Royal Saudi Air Force]]:
:* [[Panavia Tornado ADV]] (retired in 2006)<ref>{{cite web |title=Operations – Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.panavia.de/operations/squadrons/saudi-arabia/ |access-date=6 February 2019 |publisher=Panavia Aircraft GmbH}}</ref>
;{{flag|Sweden}}
:[[Swedish Air Force]]:
:* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen#Equipment and armaments|Saab JAS 39 Gripen A/B]]
;{{flag|United Kingdom}}
:[[Royal Air Force]]:<ref name=":1" />
:* [[Panavia Tornado IDS]] 
:* [[Panavia Tornado ADV]]
:[[Qinetiq|QinetiQ]]:
:* [[Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet A]] (former Luftwaffe aircraft, retired in January 2018)<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Harding |first=Ian |date=March 2018 |title=Alpha Jet retires |magazine=[[Air International]] |page=21 |issn=0306-5634}}</ref>

==Specifications==
[[File:Mauser BK-27.jpg|thumb|Helicopter-mounted Mauser BK-27]]

<small>''Data from'' [[Jane's Information Group]]<ref name="JAH"/></small>
* '''Type''': single-barrel, five chamber [[revolver cannon]]
* '''Caliber''': 27&nbsp;mm × 145 (1.063&nbsp;in)
* '''Operation''': [[revolver cannon|revolver]]
* '''Length''': 2.31 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 in)
* '''Weight (complete)''': 100&nbsp;kg (220&nbsp;lb)
* '''Rate of fire''': 1,000-1,700 rpm selectable (+/− 100 rpm)
* '''Muzzle velocity''': 1,100&nbsp;m/s (3,600&nbsp;ft/s)
* '''Muzzle energy''': ≈157,300 Joules
* '''Projectile weight''': 260 g (9.2&nbsp;oz)

==See also==

* [[Oerlikon KCA]] - comparable Swiss design: 30×173mm NATO
* [[GIAT 30]] - comparable French design: 30×150mm and 30×113mm
* [[VENOM LR 30 mm gun|VENOM LR 30 mm]] – comparable British design, 21st century 113mm-long derivative of ADEN
* [[DEFA cannon]] - comparable older French design: 30×113mm
* [[ADEN cannon]] – comparable older British design: 30×111mm
* [[Rikhter R-23|R-23 cannon]] – comparable Russian design: 23mm×260mm (telescoped)
* [[M39 cannon]] – comparable US design: 20×102mm

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/systems_and_products/weapons_and_ammunition/direct_fire/medium_calibre/index.php Website of ''Rheinmetall Defence'' ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081211070427/http://www.rheinmetall-detec.de/index.php?fid=1849&lang=2&pdb=1 Marineleichtgeschütz MLG 27] (Website from constructor)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621202409/http://www.waffenhq.de/flugzeuge/bk27.html Mauser BK 27 on WaffenHQ]
* [https://archive.today/20120306234000/http://www.ef2000.de/bk27.htm Webseite of the EF2000]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170626182500/https://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/mauser-cannon.cfm RAF page on BK 27]

{{Rheinmetall}}

[[Category:Autocannon]]
[[Category:Aircraft guns]]
[[Category:Cold War weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:Rheinmetall|BK-27]]
[[Category:27 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Mauser firearms]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]