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{{Short description|Stratovolcano in Luzon, Philippines}}
{{for|the hamlet in the United Kingdom|Mayon, Cornwall}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mayon
| other_name = {{unbulleted list|Mayon Volcano|Mount Mayon|{{native name|bcl|Bulkan Mayon}}}}
| photo = Mayon Volcano and the Sleeping Lion.jpg
| photo_caption = Mayon Volcano as seen from the [[Albay Gulf]]
| elevation_m = 2463
| elevation_ref = <ref name=ferranti>{{cite web|url=http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/philippines.html|title=Philippine Mountains – 29 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater|last=de Ferranti|first=Jonathan|author2=Aaron Maizlish|access-date=January 31, 2011}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 2447
| prominence_ref = <ref name=ferranti />
| listing = {{unbulleted list||[[List of mountains in the Philippines|Philippines highest peaks]]| 28th|[[List of Ultras of the Philippines|Philippines ultra peaks]] 5th|Ribu|[[List of Philippine provinces and regions by highest point|Bicol highest point]]|[[List of active volcanoes in the Philippines|Active volcano]]}}
| topo = 
| map = Philippines Albay#Luzon mainland#Philippines
| map_alt = Location map of Mayon volcano
| map_caption = 
| location = 
| label = 
| label_position = 
| coordinates = {{coord|13|15|24|N|123|41|06|E|type:mountain_region:PH_scale:10000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = 
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| volcanic_arc = [[Bicol Volcanic Arc]]
| age = > 20,000 years<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mirabueno|first1=M. H. T.|last2=Okuno|first2=M.|last3=Nakamura|first3=T.|last4=Newhall|first4=C. G.|last5=Kobayashi|first5=T.|author-link4=Christopher G. Newhall|title=AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Paleosols Intercalated with Tephra Layers from Mayon Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines: A Preliminary Report|journal=Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan|date=2006|volume=36|issue=2|pages=23–28|publisher=Volcanological Society of Japan|issn=0386-118X|quote=... the oldest eruptive event must have taken place shortly before 20 cal kyr BP.}}</ref>
| last_eruption = July 18, 2024
| first_ascent = [[Scotsmen]] Paton & Stewart (1858)<ref name=Britannica>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GKMMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA749 "Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 18, 9th Ed."], pg. 749. Henry G. Allen & Company, New York.</ref>
| easiest_route = 
| country = [[Philippines]]
| state = [[Bicol Region]]
| state_type = Region
| region = [[Albay]]
| region_type = Province
| settlement = {{collapsible list|bullets=true|[[Camalig]]|[[Daraga]]|[[Guinobatan]]|[[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]]|[[Ligao]]|[[Malilipot]]|[[Santo Domingo, Albay|Santo Domingo]]|[[Tabaco]]}}
| settlement_type = Cities and<br />municipalities
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}

'''Mayon''' ({{langx|bcl|Bulkan Mayon}}; {{langx|tl|Bulkang Mayon}}, {{IPA|tl|mɐ'jɔn|IPA}}), also known as '''Mount Mayon''' and '''Mayon Volcano'''  is an active [[stratovolcano]] in the [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of [[Albay]] in [[Bicol Region|Bicol]], Philippines. A popular tourist spot, it is renowned for its "perfect cone" because of its symmetric [[Volcanic cone|conical shape]], and is regarded as sacred in [[Philippine mythology]].<ref name=aswang>{{cite web|url=https://www.aswangproject.com/ancient-bikolano-deities-in-philippine-mythology/|title=Ancient Bicolano Pantheon of Deities and Creatures – Philippine Mythology|website=The Aswang Project|date=February 8, 2016|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>

The volcano with its surrounding landscape was declared a [[national park]] on July 20, 1938, the first in the nation. It was reclassified as a [[Nature park|natural park]] and renamed the [[Mayon Volcano Natural Park]] in 2000.<ref name="PAWB">[http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65:region-5&catid=69:regions "Protected Areas in Region 5"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219210240/http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65%3Aregion-5&catid=69%3Aregions|date=December 19, 2013}}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved on October 15, 2011.</ref> It is the centerpiece of the Albay Biosphere Reserve, declared by [[UNESCO]] in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/albay/|title = Albay &#124; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization}}</ref> and is currently being nominated as a [[World Heritage Site]].

Mayon is [[List of active volcanoes in the Philippines|the most active]] volcano in the Philippines, and its activity is regularly monitored by the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] (PHIVOLCS) from their provincial headquarters on [[Ligñon Hill]], about {{convert|12|km|sp=us}} from the summit.<ref name="PHIVOLCS" />

== Geography ==
[[File:Ph locator albay MAYON municipalities.png|thumb|right|Mayon is shared by eight cities and municipalities of [[Albay]] province.]]
Mayon is the main landmark and highest point of the province of [[Albay]] and the whole [[Bicol Region]] in the Philippines, rising {{convert|2463|m|sp=us}} from the shores of [[Albay Gulf]] about {{convert|10|km|sp=us}} away.<ref name="Edu">{{cite web|url=http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/philippines/mayonvol.html|title=Mayon Volcano, Philippines|work=Philippines Department of Tourism|publisher=Volcano.und.edu|access-date=November 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012025231/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/philippines/mayonvol.html|archive-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Davis">David, Lee (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=CRzMOYIuLJEC&pg=PA416 "Natural Disasters"], pp. 416–417. Infobase Publishing.</ref> The volcano is [[Quadripoint#Multipoints of greater numerical complexity|geographically shared]] by the eight cities and municipalities of [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]], [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]], [[Camalig]], [[Guinobatan]], [[Ligao]], [[Tabaco, Albay|Tabaco]], [[Malilipot, Albay|Malilipot]], and [[Santo Domingo, Albay|Santo Domingo]] (clockwise from Legazpi), which divide the cone like slices of a pie when viewing a map of their political boundaries.

== Geology ==
Mayon is a classic [[stratovolcano]] with a small [[volcanic crater|central summit crater]]. It is one of the world's most symmetrical volcanic cones.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Norini |first1=G. |last2=Lagmay |first2=A.M.F. |title=Deformed symmetrical volcanoes |journal=Geology |date=2005 |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=605 |doi=10.1130/G21565.1|bibcode=2005Geo....33..605N }}</ref>

The [[concave function|concave profile]], a [[hyperbolic functions|hyperbolic sine curve]] of the volcano is due to the balance between  [[erosion]] and [[types of volcanic eruptions|eruption]], defined by the [[angle of repose]] of [[ash]]. The steepest upper slopes of the volcano reach an average [[grade (slope)|slope gradient]] of 75%, while the lower foot slope is only an average of 3%. The [[volcanic crater]] is about 250 m in diameter. At least 85 [[lava flow]]s have been identified, and consist mainly of [[lava]] [[augite]]-[[hypersthene]]-andesite, generally fed from the crater.  [[Pyroclastic flow]]s, characterized as a St. Vincent nuee' ardente, leave behind block and ash deposits, and [[breadcrust bomb]]s in an ash and [[lapilli]] [[matrix (geology)|matrix]]. The farthest flow reached 8.5&nbsp;km along [[Santo Domingo, Albay|Fidel Surtida, Santo Domingo]]. Mayon [[lahar]]s were formed by rainstorms during eruptions, or by torrential rain afterwards. Averaging 230 m in height and 710 m in diameter, 7 [[cinder cone]]s are found on the southern and southwestern lower slopes. Composed of [[olivine]]-augite basalt, these cones have an angle of repose of 34%, with [[Ligñon Hill]] as an example.<ref name=Cees/>{{Better source needed|reason=Unpublished source with no guarantee of meaningful peer review|date=August 2022}}

Like other volcanoes around the [[Pacific Ocean]], Mayon is a part of the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]]. It is on the southeast side of [[Luzon]]. The Bicol Arc is one of 7 [[oceanic trench]] [[subduction zone]]s defining the [[Philippine Mobile Belt]]. Volcanism in the [[Bicol Region|Bicol]] [[volcanic arc|Arc]] is related to the westward subduction of the [[Philippine Plate]] along the [[Philippine Trench]]. The 12 active and inactive volcanoes within the arc include the Mayon Volcano, [[Mount Bulusan]], [[Mount Isarog]], [[Mount Iriga]], [[Malinao Volcano]], and [[Mount Masaraga]]. In general, these are [[calc-alkaline magma series|calc-alkali]] [[basalt]]s, basaltic andesites, and [[andesite]]s.<ref name="Cees">{{cite book |last1=Van Westen |first1=Cees |last2=Dayao |first2=Arlene |last3=Voskuil |first3=Robert |title=Geomorphology of the Mayon Volcano and its Relation to Hazards |date=1994 |pages=1–30m |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.11764.14723}}</ref>

In August 2021, soils from Mayon have been found containing bacterial species with potential antibiotic and anti-cancer properties.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 3, 2021 |title=Potentially antibiotic bacterial species found in Mt. Mayon soils |language=en |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/08/04/21/potentially-antibiotic-bacterial-species-found-in-mt-mayon-soils |access-date=August 4, 2021}}</ref>

== Recorded eruptions ==
Mayon is the most [[List of active volcanoes in the Philippines|active volcano in the Philippines]], erupting over 52 times in the past 500 years.<ref name=Oliphant2018/> Historical observations accounted its first eruption in 1616.<ref name=":02">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mayon-Volcano "Mayon Volcano"] Retrieved May 8, 2019.</ref> The first eruption for which an extended account exists was the six-day event of July 20, 1766.<ref name=Ocampo2013/><ref name=gvp-erup>{{cite gvp|name=Mayon: Eruptive History|vtab=Eruptions|vn=273030|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref>

=== 1814 eruption ===
[[File:Oldcagsawapi2.jpg|thumb|right|An old photograph of the [[Cagsawa ruins]] with the façade still standing. The church was largely destroyed during the 1814 eruption of Mayon. Only the bell tower exists today, the façade having been demolished in the 1960's or 1970's due to structural integrity concerns.]]

Its most destructive recorded eruption occurred on February 1 ([[Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI]]=4).<ref name=":02"/><ref name=":0" /> Lava flowed but less than the 1766 eruption. The volcano belched dark ash and eventually bombarded the town of [[Cagsawa Ruins|Cagsawa]] with [[tephra]] that buried it.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":0" /> Trees burned, and rivers were certainly damaged. Proximate areas were also devastated by the eruption, with ash accumulating to {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} in depth. In Cagsawa town, about 1,200 locals perished in what is considered to be the most lethal eruption in Mayon's history according to PHIVOLCS.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":0" /> The 1814 eruption is believed to have contributed to the accumulation of atmospheric ash together with the [[1815 eruption of Mount Tambora|catastrophic 1815 eruption]] of other volcanoes like Indonesia's [[Mount Tambora]], leading to the [[Year Without a Summer]] in 1816.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pike |first=Gladys |date=March 29, 2016 |title=1816: The Year Without a Summer |url=https://www.greensburgdailynews.com/news/local_news/1816-the-year-without-a-summer/article_4476f77d-9a3c-50a6-bcf7-7b6428728209.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409213734/https://www.greensburgdailynews.com/news/local_news/1816-the-year-without-a-summer/article_4476f77d-9a3c-50a6-bcf7-7b6428728209.html |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=[[Greensburg Daily News]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== 1881–1882 eruption ===
From July 6, 1881, until approximately August 1882, Mayon underwent a strong (VEI=3) eruption. [[Samuel Kneeland (naturalist)|Samuel Kneeland]], a [[naturalist]], professor and geologist, personally observed the volcanic activity on [[Christmas]] Day, 1881, about five months after the start of the activity:
<blockquote>
At the date of my visit, the volcano had poured out, for five months continuously, a stream of lava on the Legaspi side from the very summit. The viscid mass bubbled quietly but grandly, and overran the border of the crater, descending several hundred feet in a glowing wave, like red-hot iron. Gradually, fading as the upper surface cooled, it changed to a thousand sparkling rills among the crevices, and, as it passed beyond the line of complete vision behind the woods near the base, the fires twinkled like stars or the scintillations of a dying conflagration. More than half of the mountain height was thus illuminated.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoesandear00kneegoog|author=Samuel Kneeland|title=Volcanoes and earthquakes|year=1888|publisher=D. Lothrop Co.|page=[https://archive.org/details/volcanoesandear00kneegoog/page/n123 116]}}</ref>
</blockquote>

=== 1897 eruption ===
[[File:Mayon 1928 1.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Mayon erupting on July 21, 1928]]
Mayon's longest uninterrupted eruption occurred on June 23 ([[VEI]]=4), and lasted for seven days. Lava once again flowed down to towns {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us|spell=in}} eastward, the village of [[Bacacay, Albay|Bacacay]] was buried {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} beneath the lava. In [[Santo Domingo, Albay|Santo Domingo]] 100 people were killed by steam and falling debris or hot rocks. Other villages like San Roque, Santa Misericordia and Santo Niño became deathtraps. Ash was carried in black clouds as far as {{convert|160|km|sp=us}} from the catastrophic event, which killed more than 400 people.<ref name="Davis"/>

=== 1984 and 1993 eruptions ===
[[File:Pyroclastic flows at Mayon Volcano.jpg|thumb|right|The eruption on September 23, 1984]]
No casualties were recorded from the 1984 eruption after more than 73,000 people were evacuated from the danger zones as recommended by [[PHIVOLCS]] scientists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Mayon/-020_caption.html|title=USGS|access-date=June 25, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715153304/http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Mayon/-020_caption.html|archive-date=July 15, 2012 }}</ref> But in 1993, [[pyroclastic flow]]s killed 79<ref name=":02"/> people, mainly farmers, during the eruption<ref name="ominous">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4778883.stm|title='Ominous quiet' at Mayon volcano|date=August 10, 2006|access-date=May 12, 2013|publisher=BBC}}</ref> that also forced 50,000 residents evacuated, according to the [[Albay]] provincial government.<ref name=":0" />

=== 1999 eruption ===
Mayon began its increasing activity in May, with hazard status associated raised to Alert Level 1.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|url=https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200001-273030|title=Report on Mayon (Philippines) – January 2000|date=January 2000|website=Global Volcanism Program|doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200001-273030|access-date=August 6, 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|url=https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200002-273030|title=Report on Mayon (Philippines) – February 2000|date=February 2000|website=Global Volcanism Program|doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200002-273030|access-date=August 6, 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> On June 22, Mayon emitted an ash column that rose to approximately 10&nbsp;km above the vent; the status was later raised to Alert Level 2.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The emission was recorded by the seismic network of the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] as an explosion that lasted for 10 minutes. No volcanic earthquakes nor other visible signs of abnormal activity were observed before the explosion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Global Volcanism Program |editor1-last=Wunderman |editor1-first=R. |title=Report on Mayon (Philippines) |journal=Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network |date=1999 |volume=24 |issue=6 |doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199906-273030}}</ref>

=== 2000 eruptions ===
Mayon had experienced continuous emissions since 1999 and followed by a series of eruptions in the next two consecutive years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/12548/mayon-eruption-first-in-5-years-last-episode-occurred-in-2001/story/|title=Mayon eruption first in 5 years; last episode occurred in 2001|date=August 7, 2006|work=GMA News|access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref>

On January 5, a 5-km-high ash column was produced by an explosion. Growth of summit-crater dome and intensifying eruptions later signaled evacuations.<ref name=":4" />

Past emissions had led to the growth of the lava dome beginning on February 12.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url=https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200004-273030|title=Report on Mayon (Philippines) – April 2000|date=April 2000|website=Global Volcanism Program|doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200004-273030|access-date=August 5, 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> On February 23, series of eruptions began.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/february-march-2000-mayon-eruption|title=The February – March 2000 Mayon Eruption|last1=Corpuz|first1=Ernesto|last2=Punongbayan|first2=Raymundo|date=March 27, 2000|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> PHIVOLCS then recommended evacuation even beyond the permanent danger zone.<ref name=":5" /> On February 24, PHIVOLCS raised its status to the highest, Alert Level 5, with at least eight towns and one city warned of possible explosions with ash and lava flows, and several thousands forced to evacuate even outside identified danger zones.<ref name=":02"/><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/act-alert-philippines-no-12000-mayon-volcano-eruption-alert|title=ACT Alert Philippines – No 1/2000: Mayon Volcano Eruption Alert|date=February 24, 2000|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref> The most violent eruptions were occurred from February 28 to March 1, and since then, declining activity was observed until April.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The [[National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council]] (NDCC)reported that the 2000 eruption displaced 14,114 families (68,426 persons) and damaged at least ₱89-million worth of property and crops.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2001 eruption ===
The NDCC reported that another eruption in July affected 11,529 families (56,853 persons) and damaged at least ₱48-million worth of property and crops.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2006 eruptions ===
[[File:Mayon Space.jpg|thumb|right|Mayon Volcano in satellite image taken on April 18, 1997. ]]
Mayon's 48th modern-era eruption occurred on July 13, followed by quiet effusion of [[lava]] that started on July 14.<ref name=gvp-erup/><ref name="PHIVOLCS">{{cite web|url=http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/mayon.htm|title=Mayon Volcano|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|access-date=December 14, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202103819/http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/mayon.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2008 }}</ref> Nearly 40,000 people were evacuated from the {{convert|8|km|adj=on}} danger zone on the southeast flank of the [[volcano]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippine-volcano-shows-signs-imminent-eruption|title=Philippine volcano shows signs of imminent eruption|last=Tecson|first=Manuel|date=August 13, 2006|agency=Reuters|access-date=June 25, 2019}}</ref>

After an ash explosion on September 1, a general decline in the overall activity of Mayon was established. The decrease in key parameters such as seismicity, [[sulfur dioxide]] emission rates and ground inflation all indicated a waning condition. The slowdown in the eruptive activity was also evident from the decrease in intensity of crater glow and the diminishing volume of lava extruded from the summit. PHILVOLCS Alert Level 4 was lowered to Level 3 on September 11; to Level 2 on October 3; and to Level 1 on October 25.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/news/mayon102506_AL1.html|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 10/25/2006|access-date=May 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420213750/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/news/mayon102506_AL1.html|archive-date=April 20, 2008}}</ref>

=== 2008 eruption ===
On August 10, a small summit explosion ejected ash {{convert|200|m|sp=us}} above the summit, which drifted east-northeast. In the weeks prior to the eruption,<ref name=gvp-erup/> a visible glow increased within the crater and increased seismicity.<ref name="Phivolcs2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=68&Itemid=26|title=Mayon Volcano Advisory|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=August 10, 2008|access-date=December 24, 2009}}</ref>

=== 2009–2010 eruptions ===
On July 10, 2009, PHIVOLCS raised the status from Alert Level 1 (low level unrest) to Alert Level 2 (moderate unrest) because the number of recorded low frequency volcanic earthquakes rose to the same level as those prior to the 2008 [[phreatic explosion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=188&Itemid=1|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (via Google cache)|date=July 10, 2009|access-date=December 31, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/07/10/09/mayon-state-unrest-alert-level-raised|title=Mayon in 'state of unrest,' alert level raised|work=ABS-CBN News|date=July 10, 2009|access-date=January 1, 2010}}</ref>

At 5:32&nbsp;a.m. on October 28, a minor ash explosion lasting for about one minute occurred in the summit crater. A brown ash column rose about {{convert|600|m|sp=us}} above the crater and drifted northeast. In the prior 24 hours, 13 volcanic earthquakes were recorded. Steam emission was at moderate level, creeping downslope toward the southwest. PHIVOLCS maintained the Alert Status at Level 2, but later warned that with the approach of tropical cyclone international codename Mirinae, the danger of lahars and possible crater wall collapse would greatly increase and all specified precautions should be taken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091028-232734|title=Mayon spews ash anew|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|work=Volcano Monitor|date=October 28, 2009|access-date=December 5, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807132405/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091028-232734|archive-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref>

After dawn, field investigation showed ashfall had drifted southwest of the volcano. In the 24-hour period, the seismic network recorded 20 volcanic earthquakes. Alert Status was kept at Level 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=224&Itemid=1|title=Mayon Volcano Advisory (November 2009)|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=November 11, 2009|access-date=December 11, 2009}}</ref>

[[File:MayonVolcanoIn2009.jpg|thumb|right|Mayon with [[volcanic ash|ash]] explosion at dawn on December 18, 2009]]
At 8&nbsp;pm on December 14, after 83 volcanic quakes in the preceding 24 hours<ref>{{cite news|url=http://inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091215-242177|author=Papa, Alcuin|title=6–7 km from Mayon volcano off limits to people|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 15, 2009|access-date=December 15, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807132423/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091215-242177|archive-date=August 7, 2011 }}</ref> and increased sulfur dioxide emissions, PHIVOLCS raised the Alert status to Level 3.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/12/14/09/lava-flows-mayon-volcano|title=Lava flows from Mayon Volcano|work=ABS-CBN News|date=December 15, 2009|access-date=December 24, 2009}}</ref>

Early in the morning of December 15, a moderate ash explosion occurred at the summit crater and "quiet extrusion of lava" resulted in flows down to about {{convert|500|m|sp=us}} from the summit.<ref name="PhivolcsBulletin03">{{cite news|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 3|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255&Itemid=1|access-date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=December 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706053332/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255&Itemid=1|archive-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> By evening, Albay Province authorities evacuated about 20,000 residents out of the {{convert|8|km|adj=on}} danger zone and into local evacuation centres. About 50,000 people live within the {{convert|8|km|adj=on}} zone.<ref>{{cite news|title=20,000 Evacuated as Philippine Volcano Oozes Lava|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2009/12/15/thousands-flee-volcano-spews-lava-philippines/|newspaper=Fox News|date=December 15, 2009|access-date=June 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017175631/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2009/12/15/thousands-flee-volcano-spews-lava-philippines/|archive-date=October 17, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/philippines.volcano.mayon/index.html|title=Residents flee as Philippines volcano threatens to erupt|publisher=CNN World|date=December 15, 2009|access-date=December 24, 2009}}</ref>

On December 17, five ash ejections occurred, with one reaching {{convert|500|m|sp=us}} above the summit. Sulfur dioxide emission increased to 2,758 tonnes per 24 hours, lava flows reached down to {{convert|1500|m}} below the summit, and incandescent fragments from the lava pile continuously rolling down Bonga Gully reached a distance of 3–4&nbsp;km below the summit. By midday, a total of 33,833 people from 7,103 families had been evacuated, 72 percent of the total number of people that needed to be evacuated, according to Albay Governor Joey Salceda.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091218-242651|title=Volcano Monitor – PHIVOLCS warns: Mayon to blow its top in a few weeks|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 18, 2009|access-date=December 18, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807132441/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091218-242651|archive-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref>

On December 20, PHIVOLCS raised Mayon's status level to alert level 4 because of an increasing lava flow in the southern portion of the volcano and an increase in sulfur dioxide emission to 750 tonnes per day. Almost 460 earthquakes in the volcano were monitored. In the border of the danger zone, rumbling sounds like thunder were heard. Over 9,000 families (44,394 people) were evacuated by the Philippine government from the base of the volcano.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/22/volcano.philippines/index.html|title=Volcano spews lava as eruption looms|publisher=CNN World|date=December 22, 2009|access-date=December 24, 2009}}</ref> No civilian was permitted within the 8&nbsp;km danger zone, which was cordoned off by the Philippine military who actively patrolled to enforce the "no-go" rule and to ensure no damage or loss of property of those evacuated.<ref name="InquirerVolcanoMonitor2009-12-27">{{cite news|url=http://inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091227-244179|title=Inquirer Volcano Monitor 2009-12-27|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 27, 2009|access-date=December 27, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807132457/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/volcanomonitor/view.php?db=1&article=20091227-244179|archive-date=August 7, 2011 }}</ref>

[[File:Mayon 0052.jpg|right|thumb|Mayon erupting on December 29, 2009]]
Alert level 4 was maintained as the volcano remained restive through December, prompting affected residents to spend Christmas and the New Year in evacuation centers.<ref name="MayonQuiet">{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20100101-245096/Mayon-quieting-down|title=Mayon quieting down|author1=Papa, Alcuin|author2=Nasol, Rey M.|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=January 1, 2010|access-date=January 2, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103112856/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20100101-245096/Mayon-quieting-down|archive-date=January 3, 2010 }}</ref> On December 25, sulfur dioxide emissions peaked at 8,993 tons per day.<ref name="PhivolcsBulletin13">{{cite news|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 13|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=275&Itemid=1|access-date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=December 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929115512/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=275&Itemid=1|archive-date=September 29, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="PhivolcsBulletin20">{{cite news|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 20|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=282&Itemid=1|access-date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=January 2, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929105520/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=282&Itemid=1|archive-date=September 29, 2015 }}</ref> On December 28, PHIVOLCS director Renato Solidum commented on the status of the volcano, "You might think it is taking a break but the volcano is still swelling."<ref name=InquirerVolcanoMonitor2009-12-27 /> On the next day December 29, a civil aviation warning for the airspace near the summit was included in the volcano bulletins.<ref name="PhivolcsBulletin16">{{cite news|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 16|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=278&Itemid=1|access-date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=December 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929095252/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=278&Itemid=1|archive-date=September 29, 2015 }}</ref> The ejected volcanic material since the start of the eruption was estimated to have been between 20 million to 23&nbsp;million cubic meters of rocks and volcanic debris, compared to 50&nbsp;million to 60&nbsp;million cubic meters in past eruptions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=537448&publicationSubCategoryId=63|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909235304/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=537448&publicationSubCategoryId=63|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 9, 2012|title=Phivolcs may lower Mayon alert level|author=Flores, Helen|work=The Philippine Star|date=January 2, 2010|access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>

On January 2, 2010, PHIVOLCS lowered the alert level of the volcano from level 4 to level 3, citing decreasing activity observed over the prior four days.<ref name="APMayonLevel3">{{cite news|title=Philippine volcano calming; thousands head home|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/philippine-volcano-calming-thousands-head-home/article74325.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=January 2, 2010|access-date=June 7, 2013|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The state agency noted the absence of ash ejections and relative weakness of steam emissions and the gradual decrease in sulfur dioxide emissions from a maximum of 8,993 tonnes per day to 2,621 tonnes per day.<ref name=PhivolcsBulletin20 /> 7,218 families within the 7–8&nbsp;km danger zones returned to their homes, while 2,728 families residing in the 4–6&nbsp;km danger zone remained in the evacuation centers pending a decision to further lower the alert level.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/01/02/10/alert-level-around-mayon-lowered-3|title=Alert level around Mayon lowered to 3|publisher=GMA News.TV|date=January 2, 2010|access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>

On January 13, PHIVOLCS reduced the Alert Level from 3 to 2 due to a further reduction in the likelihood of hazardous eruption.<ref name="PhivolcsBulletin31">{{cite news|title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 31|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=296&Itemid=1|access-date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|date=January 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929122424/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=296&Itemid=1|archive-date=September 29, 2015 }}</ref>

==== Government response ====
[[File:MajorVolcanoesOfThePhilippines-USGS.gif|thumb|Map showing major volcanoes of the Philippines]]
Albay governor Joey Salceda declared the disaster zone an 'open city' area to encourage aid from external groups. Potential donors of relief goods were not required to secure clearance from the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council, and were coordinated directly with support groups at the local government level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p091228.htm&no=09|title=PGMA visits Mayon evacuees, assures government aid|author=MA Loterte|work=Philippine Information Agency|date=December 28, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009}}</ref>

The restiveness of the volcano also stimulated the tourism industry of the province. Up to 2,400 tourists per day arrived in the area in the two weeks after the volcano started erupting on December 14, filling local hotels, compared to a more modest average of 200 in the days prior. However, it was reported that some tourists lured by local "guides" ignored government warnings not to venture into the {{convert|8|km|adj=on}} danger zone. "It's a big problem. I think the first violation of the zero casualty (record) will be a dead tourist," said Salceda.<ref name=googlenews2009-12-29 />

Speaking about thrill-seekers finding their way into the area, Salceda warned, "At the moment of the eruption, the local guides will have better chance of getting out. The helpless tourist will be left behind."<ref name="googlenews2009-12-29">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hDXDD6v4U3OyvNWX4Mnw7ewcnVcA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102052922/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hDXDD6v4U3OyvNWX4Mnw7ewcnVcA|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 2, 2010|title=Thrill-seeking tourists flock to Philippine volcano|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=December 30, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009}}</ref>

==== International response ====
Following the declaration of alert level 3 for the volcano, the United States issued an advisory cautioning its nationals from traveling to Mayon. Canada and the United Kingdom also posted advisories discouraging their nationals from visiting the volcano.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/179758/uk-canada-to-nationals-stay-away-from-mayon-volcano|title=UK, Canada to nationals: Stay away from Mayon Volcano|work=GMA News|date=December 19, 2009|access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>

The United States government committed $100,000 in financial aid for the evacuees of Mayon. In cooperation with the Philippine government the assistance was delivered through the [[Philippine National Red Cross]] and other NGOs by [[United States Agency for International Development|USAID]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/30/content_12729792.htm|title=U.S. provides financial aid to Mayon Volcano evacuees|author=Zhang Xiang|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|date=December 30, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204629/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/30/content_12729792.htm|archive-date=June 9, 2011|url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Albay provincial government ordered the local military to add more checkpoints, place roadblocks and arrest tourists caught traveling inside the {{convert|8|km|adj=on|sp=us}} danger zone.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/180337/authorities-want-hardheaded-mayon-tourists-arrested|title=Authorities want 'hardheaded' Mayon tourists arrested|work=GMA News|date=December 28, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009}}</ref>

Power and water supply were cut off within the danger zone to further discourage residents from returning. The [[Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)|Commission on Human Rights]] allowed the use of emergency measures and gave the authorities clearance to forcibly evacuate residents who refused to leave.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/180542/albay-govt-to-cut-power-in-mayon-danger-zones|title=Albay govt to cut power in Mayon danger zones|author=Dedace, Sophia Regine|work=GMA News|date=December 31, 2009|access-date=December 31, 2009}}</ref>

When the alert level around the volcano was lowered from alert level 4 to alert level 3 on January 2, 2010, the Albay provincial government ordered a decampment of some 47,000 displaced residents from the evacuation centers.<ref name="WorstOverMayon">{{cite news|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/236658/worst-over-mayon|title=Worst is over at Mayon|author=Recuenco, Aaron B.|work=Manila Bulletin|date=January 2, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104054/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/236658/worst-over-mayon|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Power and water supply in the danger zones were restored.<ref name="MayonQuiet" /> Military vehicles were used to transport the evacuees back to their homes, while food supplies and temporary employment through the [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]] (DSWD) were provided to the heads of each family.<ref name="WorstOverMayon" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fo5.dswd.gov.ph/articledetails.php?id=207|title=Mayon evacuees avails of the cash for work project|author=Jerusalem, Evelyn E.|publisher=Department of Social Welfare and Development|access-date=January 2, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
As of January 3, 2010, the [[National Disaster Coordinating Council]] reported the overall cost of humanitarian aid and other assistance provided by the government and non-government organizations (NGOs) has reached over 61 million pesos since the start of the eruption.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://210.185.184.53/ndccWeb/images/ndccWeb/ndcc_update/Mt_Mayon/JANUARY_2010/ndcc%20update%20sitrep%20no.%2022%20re%20mayon%20volcano%20as%20of%2003%20jan%202010%2C%207am.pdf|title=NDCC Update Sitrep No. 22 re Mayon Volcano|author=Rabonza, Glenn J.|publisher=National Disaster Coordinating Council|date=January 3, 2010|access-date=January 3, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704135457/http://210.185.184.53/ndccWeb/images/ndccWeb/ndcc_update/Mt_Mayon/JANUARY_2010/ndcc%20update%20sitrep%20no.%2022%20re%20mayon%20volcano%20as%20of%2003%20jan%202010%2C%207am.pdf|archive-date=July 4, 2011 }}</ref>

The United Nations [[World Food Programme]] (UN-WFP) delivered 20 tons of [[high energy biscuits]] to the evacuees to complement supplies provided by the DSWD, with more allocated from emergency food stocks intended for relief from the [[Effects of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season in the Philippines|effects]] of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p091229.htm&no=18|title=UN-WFP sends aid for Mayon Volcano evacuees|work=Philippine Information Agency|date=December 29, 2009|access-date=January 1, 2010}}</ref> When the alert level was downgraded to level 3 on January 2, 2010, UN-WFP provided three days worth of food for evacuees returning to their homes who will continue to receive supplies already set aside for them.<ref name="APMayonLevel3" />

=== 2013 phreatic eruption ===
[[File:Mayon Volcano 2013.jpg|thumb|Mount Mayon in 2013]]

On May 7, at 8 a.m. ([[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]), the volcano produced a surprise [[phreatic eruption]] lasting 73 seconds. [[Volcanic ash|Ash]], [[steam]] and [[Volcanic bomb|rock]] were produced during this eruption. Ash clouds reached 500 meters above the volcano's summit and drifted west southwest.<ref name="Advisory May 7, 2013">{{cite web| url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2753:mayon-volcano-advisory-07-may-2013-830-am&catid=70:latest-volcano-bulletin&Itemid=500008| title=Mayon Volcano Advisory 07 May 2013 8:30&nbsp;am| publisher=[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]]| date=May 7, 2013| access-date=May 7, 2013| archive-date=January 23, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123131549/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2753:mayon-volcano-advisory-07-may-2013-830-am&catid=70:latest-volcano-bulletin&Itemid=500008| url-status=dead}}</ref> The event killed five climbers, of whom three were [[German people|German]], one was a Spaniard living in Germany,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61447/bodies-of-4-mayon-volcano-hikers-arrive-in-manila|title=Bodies of 4 Mayon volcano hikers arrive in Manila|work=InterAksyon.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618122201/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61447/bodies-of-4-mayon-volcano-hikers-arrive-in-manila|archive-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stern.de/panorama/vulkanausbruch-auf-den-philippinen-leichen-deutscher-bergsteiger-amvulkan-mayon-geborgen-2008195.html|title=Vulkanausbruch auf den Philippinen: Leichen deutscher Bergsteiger am Vulkan Mayon geborgen|work=stern.de|date=May 8, 2013 }}</ref> and one was a Filipino tour guide. Seven others were reported injured.<ref name="BBC 2013">{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22430378| title=Philippine volcano Mount Mayon in deadly eruption| work=[[BBC News Asia]]| date=May 7, 2013| access-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref><ref name="MB 2013">{{cite news| url=http://www.mb.com.ph/article.php?aid=10967&sid=1&subid=2#.UYjEWrVTBqU| title=Death toll at Mayon rises to five, seven injured|work=Manila Bulletin| date=May 7, 2013| access-date=May 7, 2013| author=Aaron B. Recuenco}}</ref> The bodies of the hikers were soon located by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61233/bodies-of-5-missing-hikers-spotted-in-mayon-volcano| title=Bodies of 5 missing hikers spotted in Mayon Volcano| newspaper=[[Interaksyon]]| date=May 8, 2013| access-date=May 8, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517001442/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61233/bodies-of-5-missing-hikers-spotted-in-mayon-volcano| archive-date=May 17, 2013| df=mdy-all }}</ref> However, due to rugged and slippery terrain, the hikers' remains were slowly transferred from Camp 2 to Camp 1, the site of the rescue operations at the foot of the volcano. According to Butch Rivera of [[List of hospitals in the Philippines#Albay|Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital]], the hikers died due to trauma in their bodies, and suffocation.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61316/rescuers-unable-to-bring-down-remains-of-5-mayon-mountaineers| title=Rescuers unable to bring down remains of 5 Mayon mountaineers| publisher=[[Interaksyon]]| work=[[Philippines News Agency]]| date=May 9, 2013| access-date=May 9, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014429/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61316/rescuers-unable-to-bring-down-remains-of-5-mayon-mountaineers| archive-date=June 9, 2013| df=mdy-all }}</ref> Authorities were also able to rescue a [[Thai people|Thai]] national who was unable to walk due to fatigue and had suffered a broken arm and burns on the neck and back.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61288/last-thai-survivor-rescued-from-mayon| title=Last Thai survivor rescued from Mayon| publisher=[[Interaksyon]]| work=[[Philippines News Agency]]| date=May 8, 2013| access-date=May 9, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511011019/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61288/last-thai-survivor-rescued-from-mayon| archive-date=May 11, 2013| df=mdy-all }}</ref> Despite the eruption, the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] stated that the alert level would remain at 0.<ref name="MB 2013"/> No volcanic earthquake activity was detected in the 24 hours prior to the eruption as no indication of further intensification of volcanic activity was observed,<ref name="PH Star 2013">{{cite news| url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/05/07/939374/5-dead-7-hurt-mayon-volcano-ash-eruption| title=5 dead, 7 hurt in Mayon Volcano ash eruption|work=The Philippine Star| date=May 7, 2013| access-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> and no evacuation was being planned.<ref name="HP 2013">{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/06/mayon-volcano-erupts_n_3226874.html| title=Mayon Volcano Erupts, Spewing Rocks And Ash And Killing 5 Climbers in Philippines| work=[[The Huffington Post]]| agency=[[Associated Press]]| access-date=May 7, 2013| date=May 6, 2013}}</ref>

==== International response ====
The government of the [[United Kingdom]] advised its nationals to follow the advisories given by the local authorities, and respect the 6&nbsp;km permanent danger zone.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2013/05/08/uk-urged-citizens-heed-warnings-mayon-281385| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628023713/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2013/05/08/uk-urged-citizens-heed-warnings-mayon-281385| url-status=dead| archive-date=June 28, 2013| title=UK urged citizens to heed warnings on Mayon|work=SunStar| date=May 8, 2013| access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> The advisory was given a day after the explosion.<ref>{{cite news|work=GMA News|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/307304/news/nation/uk-tells-nationals-in-phl-to-follow-authorities-advice-on-mayon| title=UK tells nationals in PHL to follow authorities' advice on Mayon| publisher=[[GMA News and Public Affairs]]| date=May 8, 2013| access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===
On August 12, a new 30–50 meter high [[lava dome]] appeared in the summit crater. This event was preceded by inflations of the volcano (measured by precise leveling, tilt data, and [[GPS]]), and increases in [[sulfur dioxide]] gas emissions.<ref>[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|PHIVOLCS]] [http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3813:mayon-volcano-bulletin-15-august-2014-100-pm Mayon volcano bulletin of Friday, 15 August 2014 06:49 local time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125021505/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3813:mayon-volcano-bulletin-15-august-2014-100-pm |date=January 25, 2018 }}. Retrieved September 15, 2014.</ref> On September 14, rockfall events at the southeastern rim of the crater and heightened seismic activity caused [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|PHIVOLCS]] to increase the alert level for Mayon from 2 to 3, which indicates relatively high unrest with magma at the crater, and that hazardous eruption is possible within weeks.<ref>[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|PHIVOLCS]] [http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3902%3Amayon-volcano-bulletin-alert-level-3-15-september-2014-1000-pm Mayon volcano bulletin of Friday, 15 September 2014 14:02 local time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015926/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3902%3Amayon-volcano-bulletin-alert-level-3-15-september-2014-1000-pm |date=January 25, 2018 }}. Retrieved September 15, 2014.</ref>

The rockfalls and visible incandescence of the crater from molten lava and hot volcanic gas both indicated a possible incipient breaching of the growing summit lava dome.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Global Volcanism Program {{!}} Report on Mayon (Philippines) — March 2016 |url=https://volcano.si.edu/ShowReport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN201603-273030 |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=volcano.si.edu |language=en |doi=10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn201603-273030|url-access=subscription }}</ref> On September 15, NASA's [[Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]] (MODIS) detected thermal anomalies near Mayon's summit, consistent with magma at the surface.<ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20110320014333/http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/modis/modisnew.cgi MODVOLC detection of MODIS band 21 thermal pixels at Mayon's summit]. Retrieved September 19, 2014.</ref> On September 16, provincial governor [[Joey Salceda]] said that the government would begin to "fast-track the preparation to evacuate 12,000 families in the 6–8 km extended danger zone", and soldiers would enforce the no-go areas.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140917003849/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN0HB03V20140916 Reuters news article]. Retrieved September 16, 2014.</ref>

On September 18, [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology|PHIVOLCS]] reported 142 [[volcano tectonic earthquake|VT earthquake]] events and 251 rockfall events. White steam plumes drifted to the south-southwest and rain clouds covered the summit. [[Sulfur dioxide]] (SO<sub>2</sub>) emission was measured at a 757 tonnes after a peak of 2,360 tonnes on September 6. [[Deformation (volcanology)|Deformation]] (precise leveling and [[tiltmeter]]s) during the 3rd week of August 2014 recorded edifice inflation.<ref>[http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3914:mayon-volcano-bulletin-18-september-2014-800-am Mayon volcano bulletin of Friday, 18 August 2014 08:00 local time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064203/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3914:mayon-volcano-bulletin-18-september-2014-800-am |date=February 13, 2019 }}. Retrieved September 18, 2014.</ref>

=== 2018 activity ===
On January 13,  at 4:21&nbsp;pm (PST), a [[phreatic eruption]] occurred that propelled a grayish steam and ash plume approximately 2500 meters high that drifted to the southwest side of the volcano.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filipina Tingkatkan Status Gunung Mayon, Warga Dievakuasi|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/01/14/18/1844680/filipina-tingkatkan-status-gunung-mayon-warga-dievakuasi|publisher=Okezone|date=January 14, 2018|accessdate=January 18, 2022}}</ref> The activity lasted approximately 1 hour and 47 minutes and ash fell in Barangay Anoling, Daraga, Barangays Sua, Quirangay, Tumpa, Ilawod and Salugan of Camalig and in Barangays Tandarora, Maninila, and Travesia in Guinobatan. Sulfuric odor was noted by residents of Camalig town proper. Rumbling sounds were also heard by residents of Brgy. Anoling, Daraga and rockfall events were intermittently recorded. Faint crater glow was first observed at 10:16&nbsp;pm. The event prompted PHIVOLCS to raise the Alert Level of Mayon from Alert Level 1 (abnormal) to Alert Level 2- (increasing unrest for the people's safety).<ref>[http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8331:mayon-volcano-bulletin-14-january-2018-1230-am-&catid=70:latest-volcano-bulletin&Itemid=500008 Mayon Volcano Bulletin 14 January 2018 12:30 AM]. Retrieved January 14, 2017.</ref> About 40,000 residents were displaced in the resulting evacuation.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 23, 2018|title=Mayon volcano alert raised again, hazardous eruption believed imminent|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/mayon-volcano-alert-raised-again-hazardous-eruption-believed-imminent-n839791|work=NBC News|access-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>

On January 14, Mayon's alert status was upgraded to Alert Level 3 (increased tendency towards a hazardous eruption) after 3 phreatic eruptions and 158 rockfall events were recorded. The summit crater also exhibited a bright glow signifying the growth of a new lava dome and the start of lava flows towards its slopes.<ref>[https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/960167/alert-level-3-raised-over-mount-mayon Alert Level 3 raised over Mount Mayon]</ref>

On January 16, the province of Albay declared a [[state of calamity (Philippines)|state of calamity]] as lava flows reached the limits of the 6-kilometer evacuation zone.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-volcano/philippine-province-declares-calamity-as-volcano-lava-spreads-idUSKBN1F50FQ|title=Philippine province declares 'calamity' as volcano lava spreads|date= January 16, 2018|work= Reuters}}</ref>

On January 22, Alert Level 4 was raised after Mayon spewed a 3-kilometer tall ash column at around 12:45&nbsp;pm. Classes in all levels in private and public schools were suspended in the whole province of Albay. By evening, lava fountains were spewed from the crater with pyroclastic flows and ash plumes. Lava bombs and rockfalls could also be observed and rumbling sounds from the eruptions could be heard. The eruption type was classified as a [[Strombolian]] eruption.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2018/01/22/Mayon-Volcano-alert-level-4-Phivolcs.html|title=PHIVOLCS raises alert level 4 over Mayon Volcano|date=January 22, 2018|work=CNN Philippines|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126123212/http://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2018/01/22/Mayon-Volcano-alert-level-4-Phivolcs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On January 23, Mayon spewed 300 to 500-meter lava fountains and ash plumes with a 4 to 5-hour interval. Lava bombs and rockfalls could also be observed and sounds from the volcano could be heard. Classes in all levels, both public and private were still suspended, work in some places were suspended as well. The danger zone was expanded up to 9 kilometers despite remaining at Alert Level 4 and residents from the expanded danger zone were evacuated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/01/22/18/watch-mayon-volcano-spews-lava-anew|title=WATCH: Mayon Volcano spews lava anew|date=January 22, 2018|work=ABS-CBN News}}</ref>

On January 24, a column of ash and lava fountains were spewed again with an interval of 4 to 5 hours. Fire bombs and rockfalls were observed and sounds from the eruptions were heard.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Phivolcs warns: Intense rain could trigger lahar flows from Mayon |language=en |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1022749 |access-date=2023-02-15}}</ref>

On January 25, a column of ash and lava fountains were spewed again. Fire bombs and rockfalls were observed and sounds from the eruptions were  heard. The eruptions had an interval of 3 to 5 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 25 January 2018 8:00AM |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/mayon-volcano-bulletin-menu/2066-mayon-volcano-bulletin-25-january-2018-8-00-am}}</ref>

Alert Level 4 was maintained at the volcano for the rest of January and all throughout the month of February as it remained restive. On March 6, after observing a decline in volcanic activity, PHIVOLCS downgraded the alert level back to Alert Level 3. On March 29, after observing a further decline in activity, PHIVOLCS lowered the alert level back to Alert Level 2 signifying the end of Mayon's eruptive activity and the volcano's decline to a moderate level of unrest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayon Volcano Bulletin 29 March 2018 08:00AM |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-bulletin2/mayon-volcano/3075-mayon-volcano-bulletin-29-march-2018-08-00-a-m}}</ref>

On December 26, Mayon caused two phreatic explosions but remained under Alert Level 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alert level 2 still up over Mayon Volcano after volcanic earthquake |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2018/12/27/1880274/alert-level-2-still-over-mayon-volcano-after-volcanic-earthquake |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

=== 2020 crater glow ===
[[File:Mayon Volcano 2020 Crater Glow.jpg|thumb|2020 Mayon Volcano Crater Glow]]
On the evening of February 4, PHIVOLCS reported that the crater of Mayon showed crater glow, attributed to magma which was still present slightly underneath the surface of the volcano. Even though this phenomenon alerted the officials and the public, Mayon remained at an Alert Level 2 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/mayon-volcano-bulletin-menu/9738-mayon-volcano-bulletin-05-february-2020-08-00-a-m |title=MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN: 05 February 2020 08:00 A.M. |author=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cosmo.ph/news/mayon-volcano-crater-glow-phivolcs-a1320-20200206 |title=LOOK: PHIVOLCS Reports Mayon Volcano 'Crater Glow' |author=Dyan Zarzuela |date=6 February 2020 |work=COSMO.PH |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> The Alert Level 2 was lowered to '''Alert Level 1''' on July 17, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-bulletin2/mayon-volcano/10296-mayon-volcano-bulletin-17-july-2020-09-30-a-m |title= MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN: 17 July 2020 09:30 A.M.|author=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology |date=17 July 2020 |access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref> And on July 30, 2021, PHIVOLCS-DOST lifted the alert level status of the volcano.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-bulletin2/mayon-volcano/12576-mayon-volcano-bulletin-30-july-2021-08-00-a-m |title= MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN: 30 July 2021 08:00 A.M.|author=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology |date=30 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>

=== 2022 activity ===
On October 1, Mayon released 391 tons of sulfur dioxide, and its edifice was also slightly inflated.

PHIVOLCS observed a faint crater glow at the summit of Mayon. One volcanic earthquake was detected in the last 24-hour observation period. Plumes were also seen drifting west-northwest and westward.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Mayon shows faint crater glow |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1675881/mayon-shows-faint-crater-glow |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>

On October 7, the status of Mayon was raised to Alert Level 2 by PHIVOLCS, due to exhibiting "increasing unrest".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |title=Mayon Volcano's alert status raised to level 2 |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/07/2214998/mayon-volcanos-alert-status-raised-level-2 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

=== 2023 eruption ===
On June 5, PHIVOLCS raised the status of Mayon Volcano to Alert Level 2 due to its "increasing unrest", after it observed an increase in rockfall from the volcano's summit lava dome since the last week of April, indicating aseismic growth. Rockfall increased in frequency from an average of five events per day to 49 events per day from June 4 at 5:00 a.m. to June 5 at 5:00 a.m. A total of 318 rockfall events were recorded by the Mayon Volcano Network since April 1 while 26 volcanic earthquakes were recorded for the same period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabro |first=Christine |title=Alert Level 2 raised over Mayon Volcano anew|url=https://ptvnews.ph/alert-level-2-raised-over-mayon-volcano-anew/ |date=5 June 2023|access-date=8 June 2023|website=PTV}}</ref>

On June 8, the alert level in Mayon was raised to Level 3, signifying "increased tendency towards a hazardous eruption",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rita|first=Joviland|title=Mayon Volcano now under Alert Level 3 —PHIVOLCS|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/872393/mayon-volcano-now-under-alert-level-3-phivolcs/story/|date=8 June 2023|access-date=8 June 2023|website=GMA News}}</ref> and that an effusive magmatic eruption was taking place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayon raised to Alert 3: 'Effusive magmatic eruption taking place'|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/06/08/23/mayon-raised-to-alert-3-effusive-magmatic-eruption-taking-place|date=8 June 2023|access-date=8 June 2023|website=ABS-CBN}}</ref> An incandescent rockfall was recorded in the evening.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Incandescent rockfall' from new lava seen in Mayon|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/872480/incandescent-rockfall-from-new-lava-seen-in-mayon/story/|date=9 June 2023|access-date=9 June 2023|website=GMA News}}</ref> On June 9, PHIVOLCS recorded six pyroclastic flows and 199 rockfall events from the volcano overnight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rita|first=Joviland|title=PHIVOLCS: 6 PDC events, eruption on Mayon summit|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/872488/phivolcs-6-pdc-events-eruption-on-mayon-summit/story/|date=9 June 2023|access-date=9 June 2023|website=GMA News}}</ref> The province of Albay was placed under a state of calamity due to the unrest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albay under state of calamity due to restive Mayon|url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/6/9/albay-state-of-calamity-mayon-volcano.html|date=9 June 2023|access-date=13 June 2023|website=CNN Philippines|archive-date=June 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613091705/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/6/9/albay-state-of-calamity-mayon-volcano.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On June 11–12 there were more eruptions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lava seen at Philippines's Mayon volcano as thousands evacuate|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/12/lava-seen-at-philippiness-mayon-volcano-as-thousands-evacuate|date=12 June 2023|access-date=13 June 2023|website=Aljazeera}}</ref> On the night of June 15, the volcano registered its largest pyroclastic flow since the resumption of its activity, with ashfall affecting parts of Ligao and Guinobatan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarao|first=Zacaria|title=Mayon unleashes biggest pyroclastic flow since June 8 – Phivolcs|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1788991/fwd-phivolcs-records-largest-pyroclastic-flow-in-mayon-since-june-8|date=16 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|website=Inquirer.net}}</ref> On June 18, the volcano's lava flow reached a maximum length of 1.5 kilometers from the crater, which ran down the Mi-isi gully in the south side and the Bonga gully in the southeastern side of the volcano, while debris from the summit reached as far as 3.3 kilometers from the crater.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lava flow from Mayon Volcano reaches 'maximum length' – Phivolcs|url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/6/18/mayon-volcano-activity.html|date=18 June 2023|access-date=20 June 2023|website=CNN Philippines|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620110355/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/6/18/mayon-volcano-activity.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

20,000 people living within the volcano's danger zone were evacuated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erupting Mayon continues to ooze lava; Alert 3 remains|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/06/17/23/erupting-mayon-continues-to-ooze-lava-alert-3-remains|date=17 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|website=ABS-CBN}}</ref> At least 628 people required medical treatment due to the effects of the eruption and complications arising from evacuation measures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mayon displaces 20,000 people; 628 seek medical consultation|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/06/19/23/mayon-displaces-20000-people-628-seek-medical-help|date=19 June 2023|access-date=19 June 2023|website=ABS-CBN}}</ref>

On June 30, Mayon emitted a pyroclastic flow that lasted four minutes and traveled around 3 to 4 kilometers downslope on the Basud Gully. Ashfall was reported in Tabaco City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mayon spews hot volcanic particles, ash fall reaches Tabaco City: Phivolcs|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/07/01/23/mayon-spews-hot-volcanic-particles-ash-fall-reaches-tabaco-city|date=1 July 2023|access-date=1 July 2023|website=ABS-CBN}}</ref>

On December 8, PHIVOLCS lowered the volcano's activity status to alert level 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayon Volcano alert lowered to level 2 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/12/08/23/mayon-alert-status-lowered-to-level-2 |date=8 December 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=ABS-CBN}}</ref>

=== 2024 ===
On February 4, Mayon underwent a phreatic eruption that lasted four minutes and nine seconds and produced a 1.2-kilometer high plume.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayon Volcano phreatic eruption triggers 1.2-kilometer-high plume |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/luzon/mayon-volcano-phreatic-eruption-triggers-1-2-kilometer-high-plume/ |date=4 February 2024 |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Rappler}}</ref> On March 5, PHIVOLCS lowered the volcano's alert status to level 1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PHIVOLCS lowers Mayon Volcano status to Alert Level 1 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/899574/phivolcs-lowers-mayon-volcano-status-to-alert-level-1/story/?just_in |date=5 March 2024 |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=GMA News}}</ref>

== Deadly lahars ==
[[File:CAGSAWA RUINS.jpg|thumb|right|The bell tower is what remains of the [[Cagsawa ruins|Cagsawa Church]], which was damaged by the 1814 eruption of Mayon. It withstood the damage done by [[Typhoon Durian|Typhoon Durian (Reming)]] in 2006.]]

On November 30, 2006, strong rainfall which accompanied [[Typhoon Durian]] produced [[lahar]]s from the [[volcanic ash]] and boulders of the last eruption killing at least 1,266 people. The precise figure may never be known since many people were buried under the [[mudslide]]s.<ref name="BBCMayon">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8427922.stm|title=Mount Mayon: a tale of love and destruction|author=England, Vaudine|date=December 14, 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=December 25, 2009}}</ref> A large portion of the village of Padang, an outer suburb of [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City]], was covered in mud up to the houses' roofs.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080125115718/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WEATHER/12/01/philippines.typhoon/index.html "Typhoon sends red-hot boulders into villages" – CNN.com<!-- Bot generated title -->] (archived from [http://www.cnn.com/2006/WEATHER/12/01/philippines.typhoon/index.html the original] on January 25, 2008).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap//ap_on_re_as/asia_storm|title=Yahoo! News|access-date=June 25, 2008}}{{Dead link|date=December 2009|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap//ap_on_re_as/asia_storm}}</ref> Students from [[Aquinas University]] in [[Barangay]] Rawis, also in Legazpi, were among those killed as mudslides engulfed their dormitory. Central Legazpi escaped the mudslide but suffered from severe flooding and power cuts.

Parts of the town of [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]] were also devastated, including the Cagsawa area, where the ruins from the eruption of 1814 were partially buried once again. Large areas of [[Guinobatan]] were destroyed, particularly Barangay Maipon.

A similar post-eruption lahar occurred in October 1766, months after the July eruption of that year. The heavy rainfall also accompanying a violent typhoon carried down disintegrated fragmental ejecta, burying plantations and whole villages. In 1825, the event was repeated in Cagsawa killing 1,500 people.<ref name="Maso">Maso, Saderra (1902). [https://archive.org/details/reportonseismic01masgoog "Seismic and Volcanic Centers of the Philippine Archipelago"], pp. 13–14. Bureau of Public Printing, Manila.</ref>

== Monitoring ==
<!-- Needs free/fair use picture of Ligñon Hill observatory. -->
Three telemetric units are installed on Mayon's slopes, which send information to the seven [[seismometer]]s in different locations around the volcano. These instruments relay data to the Ligñon Hill observatory and the PHIVOLCS central headquarters on the [[University of the Philippines Diliman]] campus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliphant |first=Vickiie |date=2018-01-25 |title=Mayon volcano map: Where is Mount Mayon in Philippines? Volcano ERUPTS |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/904866/Mayon-volcano-map-where-is-Mount-Mayon-Philippines-location-eruption-updates-alert-level |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Express.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>

PHIVOLCS also deploys electronic distance meters (EDMs), precise leveling benchmarks, and portable fly spectrometers to monitor the volcano's daily activity.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20091227-244111/Mayon-instruments-intact-despite-eruption|title=Mayon instruments intact despite eruption|author=Nasol, Rey M.|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 27, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227204452/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20091227-244111/Mayon-instruments-intact-despite-eruption|archive-date=December 27, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/180529/mayon-watch-an-inside-look-at-the-phivolcs-headquarters|title=Mayon watch: An inside look at the Phivolcs headquarters|author=Dedace, Sophia R.|work=GMA News|date=December 30, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2009}}</ref>

== Mythology ==
[[File:The Majesty.jpg|thumb|Mayon as viewed from Sumlang Lake in [[Camalig, Albay]] in May 2017]]

It is said that the volcano grew from the burial grounds of lovers Magayon and Panganoron. Thus, the ancient Bicolanos named it after the legendary princess-heroine [[Daragang Magayon]] ({{langx|en|Beautiful Lady|italic=yes}}). After some time, the volcano was chosen as the abode of the supreme god of the [[Bicolano people]], [[Philippine mythology|Gugurang]], who also chose Mayon as the repository of the sacred fire of Ibalon.<ref name="aswang" /> Numerous festivals and rituals are associated with the volcano and its landscape.<ref name="BBCMayon" />

== Incidents and accidents ==
On February 23, 2023, a twin engine [[Cessna 340]] airplane owned by the [[Energy Development Corporation]] departed [[Bicol International Airport]] in the early morning on an executive flight to the capital [[Manila]]. A few minutes after takeoff, while climbing to an altitude of {{convert|6,000|ft|abbr=on}}, it impacted the rocky slope of Mt Mayon located about {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} north of the airport. The wreckage was found the next day near the crater of the volcano. The airplane disintegrated on impact and all four occupants, including two Australians, were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Passengers of crashed Cessna plane on Mayon confirmed dead |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/02/23/2247078/passengers-crashed-cessna-plane-mayon-confirmed-dead/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |work=Philstar.com |date=23 February 2023 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Volcanoes|Philippines}}
*[[Cagsawa Ruins]]
*[[List of volcanoes in the Philippines]]
**[[List of active volcanoes in the Philippines]]
**[[List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines]]
**[[List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines]]
*[[List of volcanic eruptions by death toll]]
*[[List of protected areas of the Philippines]]
*[[List of Southeast Asian mountains]]
*[[List of mountains in the Philippines]]
**[[List of Ultras of the Philippines]]
*[[Geography of the Philippines]]

{{go to top}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name=Ocampo2013>
  {{cite news |author = Ocampo, Ambeth R. | date = May 7, 2013
  | url = http://opinion.inquirer.net/52185/the-mayon-eruption-of-1814
  | title = The Mayon eruption of 1814 | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | access-date = May 7, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=Oliphant2018>
  {{cite news |url = https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/904809/mayon-volcano-update-will-erupt-eruption-Philippines-phivolcs-earthquake
  | title = Mayon volcano eruption update: Will the Philippines volcano erupt? Threat level RISES
  | author = Oliphant, Vickiie | date = January 16, 2018
  | publisher = Express | access-date = November 30, 2018}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-bulletin2/mayon-volcano Mayon Volcano Bulletin] – PHIVOLCS
*[http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/mayon-volcano.html NASA Earth Observatory page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121215534/https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/mayon-volcano.html |date=November 21, 2021 }}
*{{cite gvp|name=Mayon|vn=273030|access-date=2021-06-25}}
*[https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199906-273030 Smithsonian Institution page on Mayon]

{{Volcanoes of the Philippines}}

[[Category:19th-century volcanic events]]
[[Category:2018 natural disasters]]
[[Category:20th-century volcanic events]]
[[Category:21st-century volcanic events]]
[[Category:Active volcanoes of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Landforms of Albay]]
[[Category:Mountains of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Subduction volcanoes]]
[[Category:Quadripoints and higher]]
[[Category:VEI-4 volcanoes]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of Luzon]]
[[Category:Holocene stratovolcanoes]]
[[Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia]]