View source for Mazda Luce

{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Short description|Executive car produced by Mazda (1966-1991)}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Mazda Luce
| image = Mazda HC Luce 001.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Mazda]]
| aka = [[Mazda 929]]
| production = 1966 – 1991
| assembly = {{unbulleted list
  | Japan: [[Hiroshima (Mazda factory)|Hiroshima Assembly]], [[Hiroshima]]
  }}
| class = [[Executive car]]
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| successor = [[Mazda Sentia]]
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Mazda Luce'''|マツダ・ルーチェ|Matsuda Rūche|lead=yes}} is an [[executive car]] that was produced by [[Mazda]] in Japan from 1966 until 1991. It was widely exported as the '''Mazda 929''' from 1973 to 1991 as Mazda's largest sedan. Later generations were installed with luxury items and interiors as the Luce became the flagship offering. The Luce was replaced by the [[Mazda Sentia|Sentia]] in 1991 which was also exported under the [[Mazda 929|929]] nameplate. 
__TOC__

== Etymology ==
The name ''"[[wikt:luce|lu'ce]]"'' was taken from the Italian word for "light".
{{clear}}

=={{anchor|SU|SV|first}} SU/SV series (1966–1973) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = SU/SV
| image = 1966 Mazda Luce 1500 Deluxe.jpg
| caption = 1966 1500 Deluxe (Japan)
| aka = {{unbulleted list
  | Mazda 1500
  | Mazda 1800
  | Mazda R130
  }}
| assembly = {{ubl
  | Japan: [[Hiroshima (Mazda factory)|Hiroshima Assembly]], [[Hiroshima]]
  | [[Sri Lanka]]: [[Homagama]] (UMC Mazda)<ref name=UMC1>{{cite news | url = http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=140232 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214083757/http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=140232 | archivedate = 2016-02-14 | title = Beginning of Assembling Motor Vehicles in Sri Lanka | newspaper = The Island | first = Jevapriya | last = Hettiarchchi | date = 12 February 2016 }}</ref>
  }}
| production = {{unbulleted list
  | July 1966 – March 1973 (1500)<ref name ="Miyaco">{{cite web |url=http://search.miyaco-brake.co.jp/catalog/brake_MAZDA.pdf |title=車 種 型 式 |trans-title=Vehicle forms |publisher=Miyaco Jidosha Kogyo Kaisha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129014940/http://search.miyaco-brake.co.jp/catalog/brake_MAZDA.pdf |archive-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 January 2016 }}</ref>
  | October 1968 – March 1973 (1800)<ref name ="Miyaco"/>
  | 1969–1972 (R130)
  }}
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 2-door [[coupé]] (R130)
  | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]
  | 5-door [[station wagon]]
  }}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 1.5&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda C engine#UB|UB]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (1500, "SUA")
  | 1.8&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda C engine#VB|VB]]'' I4 (1800, "SVA")
  | 1.3&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13A|13A]]'' [[Wankel engine]] (R130)
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 4-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
  | 3-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
  }}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| length = {{convert|4370|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| width = {{convert|1630|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| height = {{convert|1430|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| weight = {{convert|1070|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} sedan
| model_code = SU/SV
}}

[[File:Mazda Luce estate.jpg|thumb|left|Mazda Luce wagon]]

Following an agreement signed with [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]] in April 1962, the 1965 Luce 1500 show car was designed by [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]] of Italy. It was low and sharp, looking more like a contemporary [[BMW Bavaria]] than its smaller Mazda companion models, the [[Mazda Familia|Familia]] and the ''[[kei car]]'' [[Mazda Carol|Carol]].

The production version (SUA), started production in July 1966 and launched in August, had a higher roofline but retained the BMW-esque look. It was a front-engine, [[rear-wheel-drive]] four-door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]], and featured a square 1490&nbsp;cc ''1500'' [[SOHC]] engine, producing {{convert|78|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|84.5|lbft|abbr=on|order=flip}}. It sold poorly at {{currency|695,000|JPY}}. The ''1500&nbsp;SS'' version with twin carburettors was introduced in June 1967, producing {{convert|86|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|86.9|lbft|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm. A stroked 1.8-liter (1796&nbsp;cc) ''1800'' engine was added in December 1968. This new model, the Luce 1800, produced {{convert|104|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|112|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} at 2500&nbsp;rpm. To accommodate the taller 1800 engine the bonnet on this model has a slight bump in the middle with an air inlet on the leading edge.

An ''estate'' ([[station wagon]]) was also added in April 1967, with the same engine as the sedan (SUAV).<ref name ="Miyaco"/> Unlike most commercial vehicles at the time, it was also available with a three-speed automatic transmission.

=== 1500/1800 ===
The Luce Mark I was sold in Australia and most other export markets under the names "Mazda 1500"<ref>{{cite book |title=Australian Motor Manual's Road Test Annual |pages=69–70 |year=1967}}</ref> and "Mazda 1800".<ref>{{cite book |title=Green Book Price & Model Guide |date=March–April 1984 |page=59}}</ref> Mazda considered assembling the Luce in South Africa and brought in 50 examples for evaluation and company use in 1967, but they instead chose to focus on the [[Mazda Familia|1200 (Familia)]] and compact pickup trucks.<ref name=HemZA>{{cite web | website = Hemmings | url = https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/crazy-on-this-car-1967-luce-1500 | title = Crazy on this car - 1967 Luce 1500 | first = David | last = Traver Adolphus }}</ref>

{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200
| image1 = Mazda 1800 000 Gen1 1966-1972 frontleft 2012-10-07 U.jpg 
| image2 = Mazda 1800 000 Gen1 1966-1972 backleft 2012-10-07 U.jpg
| footer = Mazda 1800 sedan
}}

The Mazda brand entered the United States market in 1970 with just the small [[Mazda R100|R100]], but expanded to a full line in 1971. This included all three of the company's piston-powered models, the compact [[Mazda Familia|1200]], mid-size [[Mazda Capella|616]], and full-size 1800.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_mazda_1800.htm |title=Mazda 1800 |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=2014-08-06}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2019}}

The US-market 1800 produced {{convert|98|hp|PS kW|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|108|lbft|Nm|0|order=flip}} and cost {{USD|2,280}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Performance with the three-speed automatic transmission was sluggish, with a {{convert|0|to|60|mph|abbr=on}} time of 17.5&nbsp;seconds and a 20.5&nbsp;seconds and {{convert|65|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}} quarter-mile. Unlike the [[Mazda Wankel engine|rotary]] cars, the 1800 was a flop. ''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine said it was solid to the point of being overly heavy, with pleasant handling but poor performance. It was gone from the market for 1972.

Opposite to what happened in the US, in Europe the 1800 was considered as having a better performance with {{convert|104|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm (SAE) and maximum torque of {{convert|109|lb·ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 3000&nbsp;rpm (SAE), for a {{convert|0|to|60|mph|abbr=on}} time of 13.4&nbsp;seconds. The poor performance of this engine in USA was probably due to fact that in USA, the gasoline had an octane index of only 85 RON, while in Europe, the gasoline at the time had an octane index of 95 RON (up to 100 RON today).{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} Also the manual transmission with four gears used in Europe contributed to a much better performance than the three-speed automatic transmission usually used in the US. The 1800 (fitted with a manual transmission) also sold in small numbers in Australia.

The number of Mazda 1800 automobiles imported into the US are as follows.
* 1970 – 1,058 sedans, 937 wagons{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
* 1971 – 1,020 sedans, 1,639 wagons{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
* 1972 – 100 sedans, 0 wagons{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

[[File:Mazda R130 or Mazda 1800 aka Mazda Luce coupe manufactured 1969.JPG|thumb|right|1969 Mazda Luce R130 coupe]]

The 1800 four-door sedan (model SVA) was produced from October 1968 through March 1973<ref name ="Miyaco"/> where a reported 39,401 units were made. An 1800 station wagon version (model SVAV) was added in 1968, lasting until 1970.<ref name ="Miyaco"/>

=== R130 ===
A [[Wankel engine|rotary]]-powered Luce appeared in 1969. The Luce R130 was produced from October 1969 to 1972. It used a 1.3-liter [[Mazda Wankel engine#13A|13A]] engine, which produced {{cvt|126|PS|kW hp|0}} and {{cvt|17.5|kgm|Nm lbft}}. Quarter-mile (400&nbsp;meters) performance was 16.9&nbsp;seconds. This model was styled by [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]], then working for [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]], as a front-wheel-drive two-door coupé with front disc brakes, which was similar to the [[NSU Ro 80]]. This model, Mazda's only front-wheel-drive rotary (until the [[Mazda MX-30|MX-30 R-EV]]), is now a collector's item and very rare. Less than 1,000 were built.<ref name="Long">{{cite book |title=RX-7 |last=Long |first=Brian |year=2004 |publisher=Veloce Publishing |location=Dorchester |isbn=1-904788-03-3 |pages=20}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=={{anchor|LA2|LA3|second}} LA2/LA3 series (1972–1977) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = LA2/LA3
| image = Mazda-LUCE-2nd-generation01.JPG
| caption = Luce AP ''custom sedan''
| aka = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Mazda 929]]
  | Mazda RX-4
  }}
| production = {{unbulleted list
  | 1972–1977 (sedan)
  | 1972–1978 (coupe)
  | 1973–1979 (wagon)
  }}
| assembly = Japan<br />Indonesia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mobilmotorlama.com/2017/04/mazda-616-capella.html?m=1|title=Mazda 616 Capella|language=id|first=Charis|last=Alfan|date=4 April 2017 |publisher= Mobil Motor Lama}}</ref>
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 2-door coupé
  | 4-door sedan
  | 5-door station wagon
  }}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 1769&nbsp;cc ''[[Mazda F engine#VC|VC]]'' I4 (LA2V)
  | 1.2&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#12A|12A Wankel]]'' (LA22)
  | 1.3&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B Wankel]]''
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 4/5-speed manual
  | 3-speed Jatco 3N71B automatic
  }}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2510|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| length = {{unbulleted list
  | {{convert|4240|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Formal sedan
  | {{convert|4325|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Custom sedan, hardtop
  | {{convert|4405|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Wagon
  | {{convert|4400|-|4540|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (LA3)
  }}
| width = {{convert|1660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1410|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan
| weight = {{convert|1060|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} sedan
| model_code = LA2/LA3
}}

Mazda released a second generation LA2 series Luce in November 1972—a rotary powered model that would be later exported as the Mazda RX-4.<ref name=luce2nd>{{cite web |url=http://ah5243.blog72.fc2.com/blog-entry-113.html |title=Big Rotary マツダ ルーチェ MAZDA LUCE/RX-4）【LA22・33】 |language=ja |access-date=21 January 2016 |last=Fuji |first=Shigeyuki |work='70年代 旧車の世界 Old cars of Japan '70}}</ref> The conventionally-engined Luce sedan (LA2VS) would not arrive to the Japanese market until April 1973,<ref name=luce2nd/> after starting production in March.<ref name="Miyaco"/> It was available as a hardtop (coupé), "formal sedan", "custom sedan", and as a station wagon which was also sold as a van in the domestic Japanese market. The original hardtop coupé received a longer, more aggressive front design, which was also installed on the custom sedan.<ref name=luce2nd/> The formal sedan and the van/wagon received a somewhat shorter front end which was also used on the export versions (929). For the facelifted LA3 model from 1976, only one front design was used—one with a more square design.

While the Luce was a large, luxuriously equipped sedan, it still complied to Japanese Government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]], and it wasn't the largest sedan Mazda sold in Japan. That honor went to the short-lived [[Mazda Roadpacer]], which was based on GM Australia's [[Holden Premier]].

The LA2VV station wagon entered production in September 1973.<ref name="Miyaco"/> The wagon lasted until 1979, until being replaced by the LA4 wagon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/carfamilytree?ReadForm&ID=D897ABBA3D7A6595CA257125001A13B1 |title=Mazda 929 (LA2) |work=GoAuto |access-date=7 August 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065047/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/carfamilytree?ReadForm&ID=D897ABBA3D7A6595CA257125001A13B1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Two rotary engines were offered, the regular 12A and low-emission ''AP'' 13B.<ref name=luce2nd/> There were also piston models available, and van models for the Japanese market.

Engines:
* 1973–1979 1.8&nbsp;L (1769&nbsp;cc) ''1800'' I4, [[carburetor|2-barrel]], 83&nbsp;hp (61&nbsp;kW)/101&nbsp;lb·ft (137&nbsp;N·m) (export), {{convert|110|and|105|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} (1973 LA2VV van and 1975 LA2V Van, Japan)
* 1974–1977 ''13B'' (1308&nbsp;cc), 127&nbsp;hp (93&nbsp;kW)/138&nbsp;lb·ft (188&nbsp;N·m)

==={{anchor|Mazda RX-4|RX-4}} RX-4 ===
[[File:1974 Mazda RX4 (32599252572).jpg|left|thumb|1974 Mazda RX-4 coupe (LA2; New Zealand)]]
[[File:Mazda RX-4 Hardtop.jpg|thumb|left|Mazda RX-4 coupe (LA2; Australia)]]

In most export markets, the Japanese Luce Rotary sold as the '''Mazda RX-4'''. It was a larger car than its [[Wankel engine|rotary]]-powered contemporaries, the [[Mazda Capella|Capella]]-based [[Mazda RX-2|RX-2]] and [[Mazda Grand Familia|Grand Familia]]-based [[Mazda RX-3|RX-3]]. It used the Luce chassis, replacing the R130 in October 1972, and was produced through October 1977. Its predecessor (the R130) and replacement (the rotary [[Mazda Luce#1978|Luce Legato]]) were not sold in the United States. Mazda marketed the RX-4 as being sporty and luxurious "[[personal luxury car]]" with the RX-4 having the best of both worlds. This gave Mazda a well needed boost in the popularity of the Wankel engine unique to Mazda. In Japan, the rotary-engined variants offered an advantage with regards to the annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax bill]] in that Japanese drivers paid less than the in-line engine equivalents, while receiving more performance from the rotary engine.

[[File:Mazda Rx-4 Wagon (3853548711).jpg|left|thumb|Mazda RX-4 wagon (LA2; Canada)]]

The RX-4 was initially available as a [[hardtop]] [[coupé]] and [[sedan (car)|sedan]], with a [[station wagon]] launched in 1973 to replace the [[Mazda Savanna|Savanna Wagon]]. Under the hood at first was a {{convert|130|or|120|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#12A|12A]]'' engine, with the higher-powered version reserved for the five-speed GR-II and GS-II models. The extra power was due to a different exhaust and adjusted ignition timing.<ref name=luce2nd/> The emissions scrubbed "AP" models had five horsepower less, although after June 1973 they received the same power as the regular versions.<ref name=Catvol20>{{citation | ref = JAMA20 | title = 自動車ガイドブック: Japanese motor vehicles guide book 1973/1974 | language = Japanese | volume = 20 | date = 1973-10-30 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | location = Japan | page = 90 }}</ref> This was complemented and then replaced by the larger ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B]]'' in December 1973 producing {{convert|135|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=RB287>{{citation |title=マツダ党に捧げる本 |trans-title=Book dedicated to the Mazda faction |page=63 |publisher=Sansuisha/Kodansha |language=ja |isbn=9784061798878 |date=2006}}</ref> This model has {{cvt|125|PS|kW|0}}, for export. This engine was Mazda's new "AP" (for "anti-pollution") version, with much-improved emissions and fuel economy, but somewhat worse cold-starting behavior. In South Africa it was produced until 1979, all years only with the AP engine.

The car used a [[MacPherson strut|strut-type]] [[independent suspension]] in front with a [[live axle]] in the rear. Brakes were discs in front and drums in the rear. [[Curb weight]] was low at {{convert|2620|lb|kg|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} and the wheelbase fairly short at {{cvt|2510|mm|in|0}}. The body was freshened in 1976.

;United States
For the United States market, the RX-4 was sold from 1974 through 1978, when the [[Mazda RX-7|RX-7]] debuted. The 13B produced {{convert|110|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|117|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} in United States emissions form.<ref name=RT75>{{cite journal | journal = Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1975 | issue = January 1975 | title = R&T Buyer's Guide | editor-first = Ron | editor-last = Wakefield | url = https://i2.wp.com/www.curbsideclassic.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/pages0030.jpg | page = 105 }}</ref> Base pricing was $4295, with the automatic transmission ($270) and air conditioning ($395) the only expensive options. All three bodystyles were on offer in the United States.<ref name=RT75/>

''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine was impressed, noting the car's improved fuel economy and price compared to the RX-3. This was notable, as the Wankel engine had suffered by the mid 1970s with a reputation as a gas-guzzler. Performance was good in a 1974 comparison test of six wagons, with an 11.7&nbsp;s sprint to {{convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}} and an 18&nbsp;s/77.5&nbsp;mph quarter-mile.<ref name=RT0774>{{cite magazine | magazine = [[Road & Track]] | volume = 25 | number = 11 | date = July 1974 | title = Six Compact Station Wagons | editor-first = Ron | editor-last = Wakefield | pages = 42–43 }}</ref> The magazine noted that the wagon's brakes suffered from the extra {{convert|300|lb|kg|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} weight compared to the coupé.<ref name=RT0774/>

The RX-4 was on ''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine's Ten Best list for "Best Sports Sedan, $3500–6500" in 1975.

=== 929 ===
[[File:Mazda 929 per European nomenclature photographed in Belgium ie Europe but aka Mazda Luce elsewhere.JPG|thumb|left|Mazda 929 sedan (LA2; Europe)]]
[[File:1976 Mazda 929 Combi, front left (Sweden).jpg|thumb|right|Mazda 929 wagon (LA3; Europe)]]

The first Mazda 929 was introduced in 1973, as an export name for the piston-engined second generation Mazda Luce. The first generation Luce had been called the "Mazda 1500" or "Mazda 1800" in export markets, but as engines of different displacement were beginning to be used across lines, such a naming philosophy would have soon become confusing. The 929/Luce was a large (for Japan) [[coupé]], [[sedan (car)|sedan]], and [[station wagon]] powered by a 1769&nbsp;cc [[Mazda C engine#VB|Mazda VB engine]]. Output was {{convert|94|PS|kW|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|101|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}}.

The Luce/929 was updated in 1975 with an optional 1970&nbsp;cc engine which produced {{convert|103|PS|kW|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|123|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} from a two-barrel [[carburetor]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Engines:
* 1973–1977 1.8&nbsp;L (1769 cc) ''[[Mazda C engine#VB|VB]]'' I4, 2-barrel, {{convert|94|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|101|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}}
{{clear}}

=={{anchor|LA4|third|Mazda RX-9|RX-9|Legato}} LA4 series (1977–1981) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = LA4
| image = 1977 Mazda Luce Legato.jpg
| aka = {{unbulleted list
  | Mazda Luce Legato
  | Mazda 929L
  | Mazda 2000<ref>{{cite book |first=Graham |last=Robson |title=A-Z of Cars of the 1970s |publisher=Haymarket Publishing Ltd |year=1990 |page=102}}</ref>
  | Mazda RX-9
  | [[Haima Automobile|Haima]] HMC6470L (China)<ref name="Haima">{{cite news |url=https://www.coolcarsinchina.com/2018/05/11/the-haima-hmc-6470l-is-a-chinese-japanese-station-wagon/ |title=The Haima HMC 6470L Is A Chinese-Japanese Station Wagon |work=CoolCarsInChina |date=11 May 2018 |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
  }}
| production = {{unbulleted list
  | 1977.10&ndash;1981.10 (sedan)
  | 1979–1988 (wagon/van)
  }}
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 4-door sedan
  | 4-door hardtop sedan
  | 5-door station wagon/van
  }}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| related = [[Mazda Cosmo#CD|Mazda Cosmo]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 1.8&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda C engine#VC|VC]]'' I4 (LA4V)
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda F engine#MA|F/MA]]'' I4 (LA4M)
  | 1.2&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#12A|12A Wankel]]'' (LA42)
  | 1.3&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B Wankel]]'' (LA43)
  | 2.2&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda diesel engines#Perkins|S2]]'' [[Diesel engine|diesel]] I4 (LA4S)
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 4/5-speed manual
  | 3-speed automatic
  }}
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2610|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{ubl
  | sedan: {{cvt|4625|mm|in|1}}
  | wagon: {{cvt|4740|mm|in|1}}
  }}
| width = {{cvt|1690|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{ubl
  | sedan: {{cvt|1385|mm|in|1}}
  | wagon: {{cvt|1455|mm|in|1}}
  }}
| weight = sedan: {{cvt|1235|kg|lb|0}}
| caption = 1977 Mazda Luce Legato (pre-facelift)
| model_code = LA4
}}

The Luce Legato (introduced as the ''LA4'' series in October 1977) was a large and luxurious sedan, still powered by Mazda's piston or rotary engines. It was also available as a four-door pillarless [[hardtop]] that looked like a huge, square coupé, and a wagon, which had more of a utilitarian role than the sedans. The coupé was replaced by the [[Mazda Cosmo#CD|Mazda Cosmo (CD)]]. Production of the Luce 1800 (LA4VS) and 2000 (LA4MS) sedans started in October 1977, ending in July (LA4VS) and September 1981 (LA4MS) for the Japanese market.<ref name="Miyaco"/> Of the rotary-engined Luce sedans, the LA42S with the ''12A'' engine was manufactured between September 1977 and April 1978, while the larger LA43S with the ''13B'' introduced at the same time lasted until October 1981.<ref name="Miyaco"/>

This generation sedan was not sold in North America. It was originally designated as the Luce Legato, but the Japanese automobile industry authorities would not allow for what they considered a name change and so it was officially sold as simply the Luce.<ref name="WC78j">{{cite journal |first=Jack K. |last=Yamaguchi |editor-last=Lösch |editor-first=Annamaria |journal=World Cars 1978 |title=Successes- Excesses |publisher=The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books |location=Pelham, NY |pages=64–65 |year=1978 |isbn=0-910714-10-X}}</ref> The "L" for "Legato" suffix hung on though, with export models receiving the new car as the "929L". [[Legato]] is a musical term meaning "to make a smooth transition from one note to another"

The rebodied Mazda Luce Legato became the second generation 929 in 1978 for export markets, often called the 929L. There was no coupé version developed of this generation, although a four-door hardtop body was available in Japan and some other markets including France.<ref name="salon80">{{Cite journal |ref=AJ80 |editor=Costa, André & Georges-Michel Fraichard |date=September 1980 |issue=14 & 15 |title=Salon 1981: Toutes les Voitures du Monde |page=121 |journal=L'Auto Journal |publisher=Homme N°1 |location=Paris |language=fr}}</ref> A station wagon was added in February 1979. The design was American-inspired, with stacked rectangular headlights and a large chrome grille. The rather heavy and old-fashioned exterior was made to look even older by having a very up-to-date interior and dashboard.<ref name=CS21>{{cite journal | ref = CS21 | journal = Title: Car Styling Quarterly | number = 21 | publisher = San-ei Shobo Publishing | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = January 1978 | title = Japanese Cars 1978 | editor-first = Akira | editor-last = Fujimoto | page = 55 }}</ref> In Europe, a more efficient 2.0-liter inline-four, producing {{convert|90|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} with a single-barrel carb replaced the existing engines.

First presented in Japan in October 1979 was a facelifted LA4 version with large, rectangular headlights and a more orthodox and European front appearance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/carfamilytree?ReadForm&ID=2163558F324ADE79CA257125001A143D |title=Mazda 929 (LA4 929L) |work=GoAuto |access-date=29 January 2016 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205091938/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/carfamilytree?ReadForm&ID=2163558F324ADE79CA257125001A143D |url-status=dead }}</ref> The final addition was a 2.2-liter diesel engine produced between August 1980 and July 1981 for the sedan (LA4SS) from November 1981 for the wagon (LA4SV).<ref name="Miyaco"/> Its output was {{convert|66|PS|kW|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|104|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}}. In October 1980, a fuel injected {{convert|120|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} version of the 2-liter engine was also introduced for the Japanese market; it was only available with the hardtop bodywork and full equipment.<ref>{{citation |title=Mazda Annual Report 1980 |location=Hiroshima, Japan |publisher=Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd |date=March 1981 |page=17}}</ref> The 929 was replaced after November 1981 by the next generation Luce/929, although the second generation station wagon continued in production until March 1988 as no wagon replacement of subsequent generations was ever developed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_mazda_929_gen2.htm |title=Mazda 929 Generation 2 |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=6 August 2014}}</ref> At the time of the generational change, the diesel engine was also installed in the van (wagon) model, only available with the GL equipment level.

Aside from the regular piston-engined variants, the 12A or 13B rotary engines were on offer. The piston-engined variants were exported as the Mazda 929. A rotary-engined version was exported to "general issue" countries and sold as an RX-9. Most RX-9s were sold with the smaller 12A engine.

Engines:
* 1977–1981 1.8&nbsp;L (1769&nbsp;cc) I4, 2-barrel, {{cvt|83|PS|kW hp|0}}/{{cvt|101|lbft|Nm|0|order=flip}}
* 1977–1981 2.0&nbsp;L ''F/MA'' (1970&nbsp;cc) I4, 1-barrel, {{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}}
* 1977–1978 ''12A''
* 1977–1981 ''13B'', {{cvt|127|PS|kW hp|0}}/{{cvt|138|lbft|Nm|0|order=flip}}
* 1980–1981 2.2&nbsp;L [[Diesel engine|diesel]], {{cvt|66|PS|kW hp|0}}/{{cvt|104|lbft|Nm|0|order=flip}}

<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
Mazda 929L Estate, Automatic, 1981.jpg|Facelift 929L estate
Mazda 929 2.0 Hardtop 1981 (15908675432).jpg|Facelift 929 hardtop sedan
Hainan-Mazda HMC6470 01 China 2018-03-06.jpg|Haima HMC6470L
</gallery>

{{clear}}

=={{anchor|HB|fourth}} HB series (1981–1986) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = HB series
| image = Mazda 929 NL 1985.jpg
| aka = {{ubl
  | [[Mazda 929]]
  | Mazda Custom Cab
  | [[Mazda Cosmo]]
  }}
| production = {{ubl
  | October 1981–1986
  | 1986–December 1995 (Custom Cab)
  }}
| body_style = {{ubl
  | 4-door hardtop
  | 4-door sedan
  }}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| engine = {{ubl
  | 1.8&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda C engine#VC|VC]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''F/MA'' I4 | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' I4
  | 1146&nbsp;cc ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#12A|12A Wankel]]'' | 1308&nbsp;cc ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B Wankel]]''
  | 2.2&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda diesel engines#Perkins|S2]]'' [[Diesel engine|diesel]] I4
  }}
| transmission = {{ubl
  | 5-speed manual
  | 3-speed automatic
  }}
| related = [[Mazda Cosmo#Series HB (1981–1989)|Mazda Cosmo]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2615|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{convert|4665|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1360|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{cvt|1215|kg|lb|0}}
| model_code = HB
}}

[[File:1982 Mazda 929 (16822456767).jpg|thumb|left|Hardtop sedan]]

The next generation of Luce was built on the [[Mazda H platform#HB|HB platform]]. Production started in October 1981.<ref name="Miyaco"/> Exports again occurred as the 929. Japanese customers could purchase the Luce or the rebadged [[Mazda Cosmo]] sold at an exclusive dealership called "Mazda Auto Store". Later in 1991, Mazda Auto locations were renamed [[Eunos (automobile)|Eunos]]. Unlike the Luce, the Cosmo was also sold as a coupé, also exported as the 929 coupé. The Luce and Cosmo both offered rotary, gasoline-powered piston-engines, and also a 2.2-liter diesel engine. From 1989, an [[autogas|LPG]]-powered 2.0-liter version of the Luce sedan was also built for the Japanese market for taxi and other fleet usage. Called the {{ill|Mazda Custom Cab|ja|マツダ・カスタムキャブ}}, it remained in production until December 1995.<ref name="Miyaco"/> This generation Mazda Luce was known as the Haima HMC6470L in China and was produced from 1992 to 2002. A 2.0 or 2.2 liter engine was available paired to a 5 speed manual gearbox.

It was a large front-engine [[rear-wheel drive]] sedan or hardtop sedan. The Luce was built on the new [[Mazda H platform#HB|HB platform]], which was now shared with the Cosmo. This version was introduced as the 929 in 1982 in most export markets and produced until 1986. Luces and Cosmos received several differing front end treatments, with export 929s receiving the very staidest front end designs for 929 sedans and the sportiest flip-up headlight "Cosmo" design for 929 coupés. No station wagon variant was issued on the HB platform; the previous LA4 remained in production as a wagon with a new front end (it was essentially the same as the LA4 from the A-pillar backwards).

This generation vehicle was not sold in North America. In some European markets the 929 was badged 2000 sedan or 2000E [[station wagon|estate]] (applied to a facelifted version of the previous generation). The rotary-engined versions were never offered in Europe, and neither was the four-door hardtop – although parts of Europe bordering on [[Eastern Europe]] and the Middle East did receive it.

Engines:
* 1981–August 1983 1.8&nbsp;L (1769&nbsp;cc) I4, 2-barrel, {{convert|100|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} (Japan)
* 1981–1986 2.0&nbsp;[[Liter|L]] (1970&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#MA|MA]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]], 1-barrel, {{convert|90|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|118|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|order=|0}}
* August 1983 – 1986 2.0&nbsp;L (1998&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' I4, 2-barrel, {{convert|101|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/115&nbsp;lb·ft (156&nbsp;N·m)
* August 1983 – 1986 2.0&nbsp;L (1998&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' I4, [[fuel injection|FI]], {{convert|118|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/126&nbsp;lb·ft (171&nbsp;N·m)

<gallery widths=200 heights=145>
1985 Mazda 929 (HB Series 2) sedan (23141389305).jpg|929 sedan, rear view (Australia)
Mazda Luce 2.0 Genteel-X dash.jpg|Dashboard of Luce 2.0 Genteel-X (Japan)
</gallery>
{{clear}}

=={{anchor|HC|fifth}} HC series (1986–1991) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = HC series
| image = 1987-1989 Mazda 929 (HC) sedan (2011-04-28) 01.jpg
| production = September 1986<ref name="Miyaco"/> – May 1991
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 4-door hardtop
  | 4-door sedan
  }}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]]
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda J engine#JF|JF]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
  | 2.2&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda F engine#F2|F2]]'' I4
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda J engine#JE|JE]]'' V6
  | 1.3&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B]]'' [[turbocharger|turbo]] Wankel
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 4-speed automatic
  | 5-speed manual
  }}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2710|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4690|-|4930|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1695|-|1725|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1440|-|1450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1390|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| aka = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Mazda 929]]
  | [[Kia Potentia]]
  }}
| model_code = HC
}}
{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 220
| image1 = 1987-1989 Mazda 929 (HC) hardtop (2010-07-21) 01.jpg | caption1 = Pre-facelift Mazda 929 hardtop (Australia)
| image2 = 1987-1989 Mazda 929 (HC) hardtop (2010-07-21) 02.jpg | caption2 = Pre-facelift Mazda 929 hardtop (Australia)
| image3 = 1987-1989 Mazda 929 (HC) sedan (2011-04-28) 02.jpg | caption3 = Pre-facelift Mazda 929 sedan (Australia)
| image4 = 1990 Mazda 929 V6i - 33,000km (16591730067).jpg | caption4 = Interior
}}

The 1986 Luce was large and luxurious on the [[Mazda H platform#HC|HC platform]], now with the 13B [[Turbocharger|turbo]] engine as one of many engine options. It was still exported as the 929, and differed from the (continued) Cosmo. At its introduction in 1986, it was offered with Mazda's first V6 engine, called the [[Mazda J engine]] which came as a 2.0-liter, a 2.0-liter turbo, and a 3.0-liter for top level model

The Luce Royal Classic (and lesser-spec Limited) was more expensive than its 929 counterpart, featuring greater technical innovation. Both were pillarless hardtops. The Royal Classic was factory fitted with a turbocharged 13B Rotary or 2.0-liter V6 engines, electric leather seats, digital speedometer, a [[cool-box]] for canned beverages, prominent emblems, electronically adjustable suspension and power options throughout. In order to satisfy [[Vehicle size class#Japan|Japanese regulations]] concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement, this generation vehicle was built in two versions; the 3.0-liter V6 was installed in the longer and wider hardtop bodystyle, and the smaller engines, including the rotary engine, were installed in the shorter and narrower sedan bodystyle. Japanese owners who chose the rotary engine over trim packages with the larger V6 engine received financial benefits in the form of a lower annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax bill]]. It was the larger model that carried over to the next platform that introduced the [[Mazda Sentia]].

1991 was the last year of the Luce nameplate. The [[Mazda Cosmo|Eunos Cosmo]] was already on sale ([[Mazda J platform#JC|JC]]), and the [[Mazda H platform#HD|HD platform]] spawned the [[Mazda Sentia]] (now exported as the 929), and the [[Efini MS-9]], making 1991 the last year for a four-door rotary powered sedan prior to the [[Mazda RX-8|RX-8]]. In the 1990s, Mazda sold the body stampings to [[Kia Motors]], who produced the HC series as [[#Kia Potentia|Kia Potentia]] between 1992 and 2001, selling it only in [[South Korea]].

The export market 929 was also updated in 1986 (1987 in some markets) with the [[Mazda H platform#HC|HC platform]] and a 3.0-liter [[V6 engine]]. The car was produced through 1991, again lagging behind its Japan-market twin, the Mazda Luce, by one year. The 929 began US and Canadian sales in 1987; although predominantly available as a 3.0-liter V6, there were a rare few that made it to the North American market as a four-cylinder 2.2-liter F2 in a RWD configuration. This generation vehicle was sold in North America in sedan bodystyle only beginning with the 1988 model year; the hardtop was not available, nor were the rotary engines. Actor [[James Garner]] was used as a spokesman introducing the 929 to North America.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuVXNuEJkms |title=1988 Mazda 929 TV Commercial with James Garner |year=1988 |publisher=Mazda |location=US |via=YouTube}}</ref>

The HC platform came out in two variations during its five-year span that had identical engines and interior but with two distinct body shapes; a pillared four-door sedan or a slightly larger pillarless four-door hardtop. While the pillared model was common in all countries that allowed the importation of the 929 (including the US and Canada), the pillarless model was predominantly seen in the Asian and Australian markets.

The Canadian 929 came with a "Winter Package" option and included heated seats, a higher grade alternator, winter tires and non-recessed windshield wipers. A five-speed manual gearbox was an option, but most North American 929s were two-mode ('power' and 'economy') electronic four-speed automatics. Top speed was {{convert|121|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}}. A 0–{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} time of 9.2 seconds was recorded using the manual gearbox; the automatics were somewhat slower at 10 seconds.

The first 3.0-liter V6 engine seen in the 1986–1989 929 was a [[SOHC|Single Overhead Cam]] type with 18 valves. When Mazda released the higher-spec 929S model for the 1990–1991 period, the engine was upgraded to a [[DOHC|Double Overhead Cam]] type with 24 valves, slightly increasing [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]], performance and reliability. Also in the revised edition came the presence of an [[anti-lock braking system]], ventilated rear disc brakes and a few inconspicuous changes to the exterior. The standard 18-valve SOHC remained in the base model 929.

After mainstream production ended in May 1991, the HC remained in production until January 1996 for taxi applications in Japan.<ref name="Miyaco"/>

Engines:
* 1986–1990 2.0&nbsp;L (1998&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' I4, 1-barrel, {{convert|82|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|152|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|order=flip|0}}
* 1986–1990 2.0&nbsp;L (1998&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#FE|FE]]'' I4, FI, {{convert|116|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/121&nbsp;lb·ft (164&nbsp;Nm)
* 1986–1990 2.2&nbsp;L (2184&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#F2|F2]]'' I4, 1-barrel, {{convert|115|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|129|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0}}
* 1986–1990 2.2&nbsp;L (2184&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#F2|F2]]'' I4, FI, {{convert|127|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|141|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|0}}
* 1986–1990 2.2&nbsp;L (2184&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda F engine#F2|F2]]'' I4, FI, {{convert|136|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}/{{convert|19.2|kgm|lbft Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} (non-catalyzed)<ref name="salon91">{{Cite journal |editor-last=Bellu |editor-first=René |date=September 1990 |title=Salon: Toutes les Voitures du Monde 90/91 |issue=14&15 |page=301 |publisher=Homme N°1 |journal=L'Auto Journal |location=Paris |language=fr}}</ref>
* 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda J engine#JF|JFT]]'' V6, FI, {{convert|110|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|171|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|order=flip|0}} (JDM only)
* 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda J engine#JF|JFT]]'' V6, FI turbocharged, {{convert|146|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/{{convert|235|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|order=flip|0}} (JDM only)
* 1986–1991 3.0&nbsp;L (2954&nbsp;cc) ''[[Mazda J engine#JE|JE]]'' [[V6]], FI, {{convert|158|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}/182&nbsp;lb·ft (247&nbsp;Nm)
* 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Mazda J engine#JE|JE]]'' [[V6]], FI, {{convert|190|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|191|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}

=== Kia Potentia ===
[[File:0 Kia Potentia 1.jpg|thumb|Kia Potentia]]
[[File:1 Kia Potentia.jpg|thumb|Kia Potentia facelift]]
When the HC series Luce was replaced with the Mazda Sentia, it continued to be manufactured in South Korea at Kia [[Kia Design and Manufacturing Facilities#Hwasung Plant|Hwasung plant]] as the '''Kia Potentia'''. The Potentia was produced from 1992 until 2002 using the 2.0-liter four-cylinder [[Mazda FE-DOHC engine]]— which was the same as used in the first generation [[Kia Sportage]]'s gasoline version — a 2.2-liter four-cylinder, and a 3.0-liter V6. The V6 model was called the President trim level.

In May 1997 the Potentia was given a thorough facelift, with a bulkier, more aggressive front design and heavier looking taillights. Sold as the "New Potentia," this facelift was developed by Kia themselves and was not used by Mazda. The upper versions of the Potentia were replaced by the more expensive [[Kia Enterprise]], which was based on the [[Mazda Sentia]] and was introduced in 1997 after the Sentia was cancelled. The New Potentia was realigned in the marketplace and was now offered with a narrower range of engines and transmissions. The manual transmission, always a slow seller in South Korea, was discontinued and the engines were limited to a 2.0-liter four and a 2.5-liter V6. There was also an LPG-powered 2-liter four available. The New Potentia was unable to compete with the more modern [[Hyundai Grandeur]] and the [[Samsung SM5]] and was partially replaced by the somewhat smaller [[Kia K5#MS|Kia Optima]] beginning in 2000; the Potentia remained in production until May 2002. 
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
* {{cite book |author=Yamaguchi, Jack K. |title=The New Mazda RX-7 and Mazda Rotary Engine Sports Cars |publisher=St. Martin's Press, New York |year=1985 |isbn=0-312-69456-3}}
* {{cite journal |author=Jan P. Norbye |title=Watch out for Mazda! |journal=Automobile Quarterly |year=1973 |volume=XI.1 |pages=50–61}}

{{Mazda RX}}
{{Mazda early}}
{{Mazda road car timeline 1990s–present}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mazda vehicles|Luce]]
[[Category:Cars powered by Wankel engines]]
[[Category:Flagship vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Vehicles with four-wheel steering]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1966]]
[[Category:1970s cars]]
[[Category:1980s cars]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]

[[de:Mazda 929]]
[[fr:Mazda RX-4]]
[[fr:Mazda 929]]
[[pt:Mazda 929]]
[[sco:Mazda RX-4]]
[[fi:Mazda 929]]
[[zh:Ẽfini MS-9]]
[[Category:Coupés]]
[[Category:Station wagons]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1991]]
[[Category:Cars of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Cars of Sri Lanka]]