View source for McDonnell Douglas MD-80

{{Short description|Jet airliner model, series based on the DC-9}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = MD-80 series
| image = File:MD83 Aircraft of TezJet.jpg
| caption = MD-80 operated by [[TezJet]] landing at [[Issyk-Kul International Airport|Issyk-Kul]] in January 2020
| alt = Jet airliner with two rear-mounted engines on takeoff
| type = [[Narrow-body aircraft|Narrow-body]] [[jet airliner]]
| national_origin = United States
| manufacturer = [[McDonnell Douglas]]<br>[[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] (from Aug. 1997)<br>[[Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Company]] (under license)
| first_flight = October 18, 1979
| introduction = October 10, 1980, with [[Swissair]]
| retired = 2019 ([[American Airlines]]), 2020 ([[Delta Air Lines]])
| status = In limited service
| primary_user = [[Aeronaves TSM]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of their fleets in service. -->
| more_users = [[World Atlantic Airlines]]<br>[[LASER Airlines]] <br>[[Everts Air]]<!-- Limited to THREE (3) 'more users' field here, four (4) total users with primary user. Separate users with <br>. -->
| produced = 1979–1999<!-- Covers production status -->
| number_built = 1,191
| developed_from = [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
| variants = 
| developed_into = [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90]]<br />[[Boeing 717]]
}}

The '''McDonnell Douglas MD-80''' is a series of five-abreast [[narrow-body aircraft|single-aisle airliner]]s developed by [[McDonnell Douglas]]. It was produced by the developer company until August 1997 and then by [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]]. The MD-80 was the second generation of the [[DC-9]] family, originally designated as the DC-9-80 (DC-9 Series 80) and later stylized as the DC-9 Super 80 (''Super 80'' for short).
<!--development-->
With a stretched, enlarged wing and powered by higher bypass [[Pratt & Whitney JT8D]]-200 engines, the aircraft program was launched in October 1977.
The MD-80 made its first flight on October 18, 1979, and was certified on August 25, 1980. The first airliner was delivered to launch customer [[Swissair]] on September 13, 1980, which introduced it into service on October 10, 1980.

Keeping the same fuselage cross-section, longer variants are stretched by up to 14&nbsp;ft (4.3 m) from the DC-9-50 and have a 28% larger wing.

The larger variants (MD-81/82/83/88) are 148&nbsp;ft (45.1 m) long to seat 155 passengers in coach and, with varying weights, can cover up to {{Convert|2550|nmi|abbr=~|lk=in}}.
The later MD-88 has a modern cockpit with [[Electronic flight instrument system]] (EFIS) displays.
The MD-87 is 17&nbsp;ft (5.3 m) shorter for 130 passengers in economy and has a range up to {{cvt|2900|nmi}}.

The MD-80 series initially competed with the [[Boeing 737 Classic]] and then also with the [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320ceo family]]. Its successor, introduced in 1995, the [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90|MD-90]], was a further stretch powered by [[IAE V2500]] high-bypass turbofans, while the shorter MD-95, later known as the [[Boeing 717]], was powered by [[Rolls-Royce BR715]] engines. Production ended in 1999 after 1,191 MD-80s were delivered, of which 116 aircraft remain in service as of August 2022.

==Development==
The [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|DC-9 series]], the first generation of the DC-9 family, entered service in late 1965 and became a commercial success with 976 units built when production ended in 1982.<ref>Making the Mad Dog ''[[Airliner World]]'' November 2021 pages 50-52</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/commercial/#/orders-deliveries |title= Orders & Deliveries |publisher= Boeing}}</ref> The all-new designed aircraft family includes five members or variants (DC-9-10 / DC-9 Series 10, Series 20, Series 30, Series 40, and Series 50) with ten sub-variants or versions (Series 11, Series 12, Series 14, Series 15, Series 21, Series 31, Series 32, Series 33, Series 34, Series 41, and Series 51) and features two rear fuselage-mounted turbofan engines, a T-tail configuration,<ref name=douglas>Norris, Guy and Wagner, Mark. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xAM5OpUZNswC Douglas Jetliners]''. MBI Publishing, 1999. {{ISBN|0-7603-0676-1}}.</ref> a [[Narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body]] fuselage with five-abreast seating for 80 to 135 passengers.<ref name=2nd-Gen-Transports>{{cite web |url= https://history.nasa.gov/SP-468/ch13-4.htm |title= Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft; Part II: THE JET AGE |date= January 1985 |publisher= [[NASA]] |last1= Loftin |first1= Lawrence K. }}</ref> The success prompted the manufacturer to further develop the aircraft family with the last member, Series 50, as the reference aircraft.

===Feasibility study===
In the 1970s, McDonnell Douglas began development of the first derivative or second generation of the DC-9 family, a lengthened version of the Series 50, with a higher [[maximum take-off weight]] (MTOW), larger wing, new main [[landing gear]], and higher fuel capacity. Availability of newer versions of the [[Pratt & Whitney JT8D]] [[turbofan|turbofan engine]] with higher bypass ratios and thrust ratings drove early studies including designs known as Series 55, Series 50 (refanned Super Stretch), and Series 60. In August 1977, the design effort focused on the Series 55.

===Program launch===
With entry into service projected in 1980, the improved aircraft design was initially designated as the Series 80, which would be the sixth variant of the first generation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/history/chronology/chron12.html |title=Boeing: History -- Chronology - 1977 - 1982 |access-date=16 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306204518/http://www.boeing.com/history/chronology/chron12.html |archive-date=2012-03-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In October 1977 [[Swissair]] became the launch customer for the Series 80 with an order for 15 plus an option for five.<ref name=douglas/> The launch of the next aircraft models followed in October 1977 for the Series 81 (MD-81), on April 16, 1979, for the Series 82 (MD-82), on January 31, 1983, for the Series 83 ( MD-83). In January 1985 came the introduction of the Series 87 (MD-87), and on January 23, 1986, the Series 88 (MD-88).<ref name= MD-80_Data>{{cite web |url=https://www.md-80.com/mcdonnell-douglas-md-80/chronologie-der-md-80/1977-1982/ |title=MD-80.com - Online service for the MD-80, MD-90, Boeing 717 and DC-9 (in German) |publisher=MD-80.com |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>

===Certification===
====Type designation====
Similar to the first generation of the DC-9 family, the second generation uses second-digit notation, with zero for variant names (Series 80) and non-zero for subvariant or version names (Series 81 through Series 88). Because there was only one variant within the second generation, the Series 80 became the family name and the Series 81 through Series 88 became variant or version names. The first Series 80, DC-9 line number 909, made its first flight on October 18, 1979, as the ''Super 80'',<ref name=Boeing_MD-80_90>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boeing.com/history/products/md-80-and-md-90-commercial-transport.page|title=Historical Snapshot: MD-80/MD-90 COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTS|website=[[Boeing]]|access-date=October 18, 2019}}</ref> which then became the preferred designation for the newly developed aircraft family.{{notetag|Some sources said that the ''Super 80'' designation (shorted, without DC-9 prefix) was intended to avoid association with the DC-10's bad reputation at the time.}} Although two aircraft were substantially damaged in accidents, flight testing was completed on August 25, 1980, when the first variant and production model, the JT8D-209-powered Series 81, was certified under an amendment to the FAA type certificate for the DC-9. The flight-testing leading up to certification had involved three aircraft accumulating a total of 1,085 flying hours on 795 flights. After production of the first generation ended in late 1982, a new designation with McDonnell Douglas initials, MD-80, was proposed as the type designation for the second generation and in July 1983, McDonnell Douglas decided that the Super 80 would be officially designated the MD-80.<ref>{{cite web |title=McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Passenger Aircraft |publisher=Aerospace Technology |url=https://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/md-80/ |access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref> However, the type designation according to the [[type certificate]] (TC) is still the original (DC-9 prefix) to save on certification costs, but could also be provided with the new (MD prefix) written in parentheses, e.g. DC-9-81 (MD-81), DC-9-82 (MD-82), DC-9-83 (MD-83) and DC-9-87 (MD-87). Only the last variant, the MD-88, was officially certified under the MD designation.<ref name=EASA-MD80>{{cite web |url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/CRD%2019-2006.pdf |title=Comment Response Document (CRD) to Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) 19-2006 |work=[[EASA]] |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>

====Type certification (TC)====
[[File:Maeder Herbert LBS SR04-005067 (cropped).jpg|thumb|An MD-81 of the type's launch operator, [[Swissair]]. It was certified by the FAA in August 1980.]]
Following the MD-81's first flight on October 18, 1979, the MD-82 and MD-83 made their maiden flights on January 8, 1981, and December 17, 1984, respectively.<ref name= AeroWeb_MD-80>{{cite web |url=http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/jetliner/md80/ |title=McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) MD-80 Medium-Range Jetliner |work=Aerospace Web |access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> They were then certified by the FAA on August 25, 1980, July 29, 1981, and October 17, 1985, respectively. The first airliner, an MD-81, was delivered to launch operator [[Swissair]] on September 13, 1980.<ref name="Airclaims">Airclaims Jet Programs 1995 p. 34</ref><ref name= MD-80_Data/>  Instead of merely using the MD- prefix as a marketing symbol, an application was made to again amend the type certificate to include the MD-81, MD-82, and MD-83. This change was dated March 10, 1986, and the type certificate declared that although the MD designator could be used in parentheses, it must be accompanied by the official designation, for example: DC-9-81 (MD-81). All Long Beach aircraft in the MD-80 series thereafter had MD-81, MD-82, or MD-83 stamped on the aircraft nameplate.{{notetag|As the MD-80 was not in effect a new aircraft, it continues to be operated under an amendment to the original DC-9 FAA aircraft type certificate (a similar case to the later [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90|MD-90]] and [[Boeing 717]] aircraft). The type certificate issued to the aircraft manufacturer carries the aircraft model designations exactly as it appears on the manufacturer's application, including use of hyphens or decimal points, and should match what is stamped on the aircraft's data or nameplate. What the manufacturer chooses to call an aircraft for marketing or promotional purposes is irrelevant to the airworthiness authorities. The first amendment to the DC-9 type certificate for the new MD-80 aircraft was applied as DC-9-81, which approved on August 26, 1980. All MD-80 models have since been approved under additional amendments to the DC-9 type certificate.}}

[[File:21ay - Scandinavian Airlines MD-87; OY-KHI@ZRH;22.04.1998 (5134779519).jpg |thumb |An MD-87 operated by [[Scandinavian Airlines]]. The shortest variant, certified in October 1987.]]
[[File:Aviaco MD-88 EC-FIG ORY 1999-09-11.png|thumb|An MD-88 operated by [[Aviaco]]. The last and only variant certified with MD- prefix in December 1987.<ref name=EASA-MD80/>]]
The MD-87 and MD-88 made their first flight on December 4, 1986, and August 15, 1987, respectively.<ref name= AeroWeb_MD-80/> Although not certified until October 21, 1987, McDonnell Douglas had already applied for models DC-9-87 and DC-9-87F on February 14, 1985. The third derivative was similarly officially designated DC-9-87 (MD-87), although no nameplates were stamped DC-9-87. For the MD-88, an application for a type certificate model amendment was made after the earlier changes, so there was not a DC-9-88, which was certified on December 8, 1987.<ref name=ReferenceA>''Airliner Color History MD-80 & MD-90''. {{ISBN|0-7603-0698-2}}</ref>  The FAA's online aircraft registry database shows the DC-9-88 and DC-9-80 designations in existence but unused.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=&Modeltxt=DC-9&PageNo=1 |title=FAA Registry - Aircraft - Make / Model Inquiry |publisher=Registry.faa.gov |access-date=2015-07-10 |archive-date=April 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419051357/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=&Modeltxt=DC-9&PageNo=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Type conversion (STC)====
Type conversions were programs started in 2010 by third parties with support from the TC holder (Boeing, as this was only happening after the merger with McDonnell Douglas in 1997) to convert used MD-80 passenger airliners and provide the required [[supplemental type certificate]] (STC) from FAA or [[European Aviation Safety Agency|EASA]].

=====AEI MD-80SF (freighter)=====
The ''MD-80SF'' was a freighter conversion program for the MD-80 series launched in February 2010, where the suffix SF stands for ''special freighter''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Conway|first=Peter |title= Converted MD-80 lifts off on maiden flight |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/converted-md-80-lifts-off-on-maiden-flight-377299/ |website=[[FlightGlobal]]|date= October 5, 2012|access-date= November 12, 2015}}</ref> The conversion company, the Aeronautical Engineers Inc. (AEI) based in [[Miami]], [[Florida]], had noticed that pre-owned MD-80s could be bought for under $1 million, and at $2.5M for the freighter conversion, an MD-80FS could offer a narrowbody freighter for half the price of a [[Boeing 737-400SF]].<ref name=MD80SF_Demand>{{Cite web |title= Do not wait for an MD-90 freighter |url= https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/freighter-operator/do-not-wait-for-an-md-90-freighter/ |website=[[Air Cargo News]]|date=February 24, 2015 |access-date=August 30, 2022}}</ref> The first conversion was undertaken on an ex-American Airlines MD-82 aircraft (FSN 49470 built in 1987), which was used as a test-bed for the supplemental type certificate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polek|first=Gregory |title= First MD-80 Freighter Set To Fly in U.S. |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2013-02-18/first-md-80-freighter-set-fly-us |website=[[Aviation International News]]|date=February 18, 2013 |access-date=November 12, 2015}}</ref> The MD-80SF made its inaugural flight on 28 September 2012. AEI was the first and solely firm authorized by Boeing to receive the STC, ''ST02434LA'', for the longer variants of the MD-80 series from the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] in February 2013.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kaminski-Morrow|first=David |title= EASA approves US firm's MD-80 freighter conversion |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/easa-approves-us-firms-md-80-freighter-conversion-417962/|website= Flightglobal.com |date=October 20, 2015|access-date=November 12, 2015}}</ref> The converted freighter with the designation AEI MD-80SF would have a payload of 21.1 tonnes and the ability to take 12 pallets measuring 88 x 108 inches, which would be a good replacement for the [[Boeing 727]] freighter<ref name=MD80SF_Demand/> The first converted freighter, an AEI MD-82SF (the prototype), was delivered to the launch customer, [[Everts Air Cargo]], in February 2013.<ref name=":0" />

In 2013, after the first delivery, AEI had orders for 20 MD-80SF freighters,<ref name=LaunchCustomSF/> expecting more than 100 conversions over ten years. Despite the initial lively interest, the uptake had been sluggish.<ref name=MD80SF_Demand/> AEI had six MD-80s converted by 2015, and three more were on the books for that year. Demand for the MD-80SF was disappointing due to two factors. First, the MD-80's cross section does not match the narrowbody freighter types used by the integrators, severely limiting the market for the freighter. Second, the values of the 737-400SF fell faster than expected, closing the gap with the MD-80SF, which burns 12 percent more fuel.<ref name=MD80SF_Demand/> In October 2015, the MD-80SF was approved by the EASA with Doc. No. ''10055029''.<ref name=":1" /> In 2021, after the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], demand for cargo aircraft increased and the initial capital cost of an MD-80SF including conversion, paint and heavy maintenance was less than $5M, (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=5000000|start_year=2021}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) half the cost of a 737-400SF, which made it attractive again. In March 2021, Aeronautical Engineers Inc. (AEI) signed a contract to convert three MD‑88s into dedicated freighters (MD‑88SF) for USA Jet Airlines, with the first aircraft entering conversion in March and the remaining aircraft scheduled in May and August.<ref name=USAJETLMBB>{{cite web | title=AEI to provide USA JET with 3 MD‑88SF Freighter Conversions | publisher=Freighter Trends |date=2021-03-16 | url=https://freightertrends.com/news/aei-to-provide-usa-jet-with-3-md-88sf-freighter-conversions}}</ref> AEI itself had delivered 21 AEI MD-80SF freighters, two were in progress and six had been ordered.<ref name=MD80SF_Sta21>{{Cite web |title= Why are iconic MD-80 jets being converted to freighters? |url= https://www.freightwaves.com/news/why-are-iconic-md-80-jets-being-converted-to-freighters |website= Freight Waves|date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=August 31, 2022}}</ref>

=====EAT MD-87 (firefighter)=====
[[File:MD-87 (N291EA).jpg|thumb|An [[Erickson Inc.|EAT]] MD-87 for [[aerial firefighting]] was certified by FAA in 2014. Note the ''external ventral tank'' which adds a 4 ft "vertical safety distance" between the released retardant flow and the engines.]]

The FAA issued the Doc. No. ''STC ST02507LA'', for [[Erickson Inc.|Erickson Aero Tanker]], LLC, located in [[Hillsboro, Oregon]] (referred to as "EAT") in 2014 to certify their EAT MD-87 firefighters.<ref name=EAT-FAA>{{Cite web |url=https://downloads.regulations.gov/FAA-2017-0133-0021/attachment_1.pdf |title=AMENDED PETITION FOR RECONSIDERATION GRANT OF EXEMPTION |date=June 28, 2017 |access-date=August 25, 2022}}</ref> In the said STC, EAT MD-87 air tankers are required to drop retardant with landing gear down to prevent stalling. The dedicated test pilot said that during a test with the external tank, the FAA representative was not satisfied with the aircraft's response after being placed deep in the stall (beyond the stall warnings, stick shaker, and stick pusher). In early 2017, EAT petitioned the FAA for an exemption from this requirement, 14 CFR 25.201(b)(1), and requested a "Flaps 40/Landing Gear Up" configuration while dropping, but on June 28, 2017, that exemption was denied with the reason given by the FAA that it would have allowed aerial firefighting retardant drops in a configuration that does not fully meet the stall characteristics requirements on the modified DC-9-87 (MD-87) aircraft. EAT was then working on an additional layer of status display to complement the existing system.<ref name=EAT-FAA/><ref name=FireAvia>{{Cite web |last=Gabbert |first=Bill |title=The FAA requires Erickson's MD-87's to drop retardant with landing gear down |url=https://fireaviation.com/2017/09/16/the-faa-requires-ericksons-md-87s-to-drop-retardant-with-landing-gear-down/ |website=Fireaviation.com |date=September 16, 2017 |access-date=August 25, 2022}}</ref>

===Entry into service===
The launch operator Swissair put the MD-81 into service on October 10, 1980, with a flight from [[Zurich Airport|Zurich]] to [[Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]].<ref name= MD-80_Data/> The MD-82, MD-83, MD-87, and MD-88 entered service later with [[Republic Airlines]] in August 1981, [[Alaska Airlines]] in February 1985, [[Austrian Airlines]] in November 1987, and [[Delta Air Lines]] in January 1988, respectively.<ref name= AeroWeb_MD-80/><ref name= MD-80_Data/>

===Production===
The second generation (later named MD-80s) was produced on a common line with the first generation DC-9s, with which it shares its line number sequence. After the delivery of 976 DC-9s and 108 MD-80s, McDonnell Douglas stopped DC-9 production. Hence, commencing with the 1,085th DC-9/MD-80 delivery, an MD-82 for [[Viasa|VIASA]] in December 1982, only second generation or MD-80s were produced.

In 1985, McDonnell Douglas, after years of negotiating attributed to Gareth C.C. Chang,<ref>{{cite web|last=Kraar|first=Louis|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1986/08/18/67924/index.htm|title=Selling How One Man Landed China's $1 Billion Order: Gareth C.C. Chang of McDonnell Douglas spent six years of hope and frustration pursuing Peking's biggest U.S. purchase. He had to promise a lot more than planes|date=August 18, 1986|website=archive.fortune.com|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> president of a McDonnell Douglas subsidiary, signed an agreement for joint production of MD-80s and MD-90s in the People's Republic of China. The agreement was for 26 aircraft, of which 20 were eventually produced along with two MD-90 aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-13-fi-12334-story.html|title=Douglas, China Agree on Jet Co-Production: 1st Time Foreign Nation to Produce U.S. Jetliner|first=NANCY|last=YOSHIHARA|date=13 April 1985|via=LA Times}}</ref>  Upon cancellation of the co-production program, China refused to return the tooling used to McDonnell Douglas, and subsequently used it and the fuselage cross-section design in what became the [[Comac ARJ21]] regional jet.<ref>Burchell, Bill. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=om&id=news/om/2010/10/01/OM_10_01_2010_p33-252956.xml "Setting Up Support For Future Regional Jets"].{{dead link|date=November 2018}} Aviation Week, October 13, 2010.</ref>

During 1991, MD-80 production had reached a peak of 12 per month, having been running at approximately 10 per month since 1987 and was expected to continue at this rate in the near term (140 MD-80s were delivered in 1991). As a result of the decline in the air traffic and a slow market response to the MD-90, MD-80 production was reduced, and 84 aircraft were handed over in 1992. A further production rate cut resulted in 42 MD-80s delivered during 1993 (3.5 per month) and 22 aircraft were handed over.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}  MD-80 production ended in 1999, with the final MD-80, an MD-83 registered as N984TW, being delivered to [[Trans World Airlines]].<ref>End of the MD-80/90 line ''[[Australian Aviation]]'' issue 159 March 2000 page 6</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/1999-12-21-Boeing-Delivers-Last-Ever-MD-80-To-TWA|title=Boeing Delivers Last Ever MD-80 To TWA|website=MediaRoom}}</ref>

===Other proposals===
====MD-89====
In 1984–1985, McDonnell Douglas proposed a 173-passenger, {{cvt|152|in|cm ft m}} stretch of the MD-80 called the MD-89, which would use the [[International Aero Engines V2500]] engine instead of the regular JT8D-200 series engines.<ref name="Flight19851012">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Flight International]]|date=October 12, 1985 |title=Commercial aircraft of the world |page=61 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1985/1985%20-%202825.PDF}}</ref> The MD-89 was intended to have two {{cvt|57|in|cm ft m}} fuselage plugs forward of the wing and one {{cvt|38|in|cm ft m}} fuselage plug aft of the wing.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Technology and the market place-A changing air transport equation |given1=John |surname1=Morris |given2=Lars |surname2=Romberg |journal=SAE Transactions |volume=93 |number=841545 |year=1984 |pages=6.447–6.458 |jstor=44467158 |publisher=[[SAE International]]}}</ref> [[International Aero Engines|IAE]] and McDonnell Douglas announced an agreement to jointly market this {{cvt|160.5|ft|ftin m|order=out}} derivative on February 1, 1985, but the concept was subsequently deprioritized in favor of the proposed MD-91 and MD-92 derivatives using ultra-high bypass (UHB) [[propfan]] engines. By 1989, however, lack of airline orders for the UHB derivatives caused McDonnell Douglas to return to the IAE V2500 engines to launch its [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90|MD-90]] series aircraft.<ref name=douglas/>

====MD-80 Advanced====
In order to better manage the transition from the second generation, MD-80, to the third generation, MD-90, McDonnell Douglas revealed at the end of 1990 that it would be developing an MD-80 "improvement package" with the intent to offer beginning in early 1991 for delivery from mid-1993. The aircraft concept became known as the ''MD-80 Advanced''. The "main improvement" was the installation of Pratt & Whitney JT8D-290 engines (never built) with a 1.5 in larger diameter fan that would allow for a 6&nbsp;dB reduction in exterior noise.<ref name=MD-80ADV>{{cite web|url=https://mcdonnelldouglas.weebly.com/md-80.html |title=The McDonnell Douglas Website: MD-80 Advanced |access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref> The MD-80 Advanced was to incorporate the advanced flight deck of the MD-88, including a choice of reference systems, with an inertial reference system as standard fitting and optional attitude-heading equipment. It was to be equipped with an [[electronic flight instrument system]] (EFIS), an optional second flight management system (FMS), and light-emitting diode (LED) dot-matrix electronic engine and system displays. A Honeywell wind-shear computer and provision for an optional traffic-alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) were also to be included. A completely new passenger compartment design would have a 12% increase in overhead baggage space and stowage compartment lights that come on when the doors open, as well as new video system featuring drop-down LCD monitors above.<ref name=ReferenceA/> These changes would be also available by retrofit to existing MD-80s.<ref name=ReferenceA/> Due to lack of market interest, McDonnell Douglas dropped its plans to offer the MD-80 Advanced during 1991.<ref name=MD-80ADV/>

In the course of 1993, a "mark 2" MD-80 Advanced version reappeared with the modified JT8D-290 engines as previously proposed.<ref name=ReferenceA/>  In late 1993, Pratt & Whitney launched a modified version of the JT8D-200 series, the -218B, which was being offered for the DC-9X re-engining program, and was also evaluating the possibility of developing a new JT8D for possible retrofit on the MD-80. The {{convert|18000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} to {{convert|19000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust -218B engine version shares a 98% commonality with the existing engine, with changes designed to reduce NOx, improve durability, and reduce noise levels by 3&nbsp;dB. The 218B could be certified in early to mid-1996.  The new engine, dubbed the "8000", was to feature a new fan of increased diameter (by 1.7 in), extended exhaust cone, a larger LP compressor, a new annular burner, and a new LP turbine and mixer. The initial thrust rating would be around {{convert|21700|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}. A launch decision on the new engine was expected by mid-1994, but never occurred. The engine would also be available on new build MD-80s. McDonnell Douglas also evaluated the addition of winglets on the MD-80.<ref name=ReferenceA/>

===Further developments===
[[File:Delta McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 N908DA (2933350256).jpg|thumb|An MD-90 of [[Delta Air Lines]], both its launch customer and last operator<ref name=DeltaRetMD90/>]]

====MD-90====
The [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90|MD-90]] was developed from the MD-80 series and is a {{convert|5|ft|m|adj=mid|-longer}}, updated version of the MD-88 with a similar electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) ([[glass cockpit]]), and improved, and quieter [[International Aero Engines V2500|IAE V2500]] high-bypass [[turbofan engine]]s. The MD-90 program began in 1989, first flew in 1993, and entered commercial service in 1995. The MD-90ER extended range version was also offered. [[Delta Air Lines]] flew the final MD-90 passenger flight on June 2, 2020, marking the retirement of the type.<ref name=DeltaRetMD90>{{cite press release |author=Staff writer |title=By the numbers: A final salute to Delta's MD-88 and MD-90 'Mad Dogs' |url=https://news.delta.com/delta-fly-final-md-88-md-90-flights-june-2 |publisher=[[Delta Air Lines]] |date= June 1, 2020 |access-date= June 1, 2020}}</ref>

====MD-95====
The MD-95 was developed to replace early DC-9 models, which were approaching 30 years of age. The project completely overhauled the original DC-9 into a modern airliner. It is slightly longer than the DC-9-30 and is powered by new [[Rolls-Royce BR700|Rolls-Royce BR715]] engines. The MD-95 was renamed "[[Boeing 717]]" after the [[McDonnell Douglas]]-[[Boeing]] merger in 1997.

==Design==
The MD-80 series is a mid-size, medium-range airliner, featuring a fuselage {{convert|14|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} longer than the DC-9-50. The small, highly efficient wing design of the baseline aircraft was enlarged by adding sections at the wing root and tip for a 28% larger wing. The aircraft derivative retains the configuration of two rear fuselage-mounted [[turbofan]] engines, a [[T-tail]], and has cockpit, avionics and aerodynamic upgrades. The airliner is designed for frequent, short-haul flights for up to 172 passengers depending on airplane version and seating arrangement.<ref name=MD80_ValueAnalysis>{{cite web |url= https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1059582/0032.txt |title= Portfolio of 62 Aircraft; A Desktop Appraisal |publisher= Morgan Stanley Aircraft Finance}}</ref>

===Flight deck===
[[File:MD-83 flight deck.jpg|thumb|MD-83 Flight deck]]
The flight deck of the MD-80 aircraft featured advancements from the previous DC-9 series aircraft. Electro-mechanical instrumentation with an attitude-heading reference system was standard, with a multi-panel electronic flight instrument system standard on later build aircraft. Earlier aircraft were upgradeable to [[EFIS]] instrumentation. A full flight management system or Performance Management Computer was offered. A traffic alert and collision avoidance system, a state-of-the-art inertial reference system, and LED dot-matrix displays for engine and system monitoring were all available on later build aircraft as standard.<ref name=MD80_Design/>

===Avionics===
The MD-80 features an advanced avionics suite which includes two autonomous digital flight guidance computers. It is also equipped with a glareshield-mounted flight guidance control panel, flight director, autothrottle, thrust mode selection system, and an autoland system.<ref name=MD80_Design/>

===Cabin===
[[File:Super 80 Main Cabin (3970228297).jpg|thumb|Five-abreast coach seating and four-abreast premium seating of the MD-80]]
The left side of the main cabin features aisle seats. It comprises three to six rows in the first class section, seven to 32 in the main cabin and around 21 in the exit row. It features five-abreast seating in the coach class.<ref name=MD80_Design/>

===Engines===
The MD-80 is powered by two more powerful, more efficient and quieter Pratt & Whitney JT8D-209 turbofan engines, which are a significant upgrade over the smaller JT8D-15, -17, -11, and -9 series. Each engine can produce 82–93&nbsp;kN of thrust. The JT8D-209 is an advanced engine operated by 350 operators to power around 4,500 aircraft. The engine provides high reliability and low maintenance costs. The engine operates at {{cvt|77|-|84|F}} flat–rated temperature.{{Clarify|date=October 2022}}<ref name=MD80_Design />

===Performance===
The maximum and cruise speed of the aircraft are 925&nbsp;km/h and 811&nbsp;km/h, respectively. It has a maximum range of 2,897&nbsp;km and a fuel capacity of 22,106&nbsp;l. The aircraft weights around 35,300&nbsp;kg. The maximum take-off weight is 63,500&nbsp;kg.<ref name=MD80_Design>{{cite web |url= https://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/md-80/ |title= McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Passenger Aircraft |publisher= Aerospace-Technology}}</ref>

==Operational history==
===Passenger===
[[File:American Airlines MD-80 N983TW Photo 236 (13836608743).jpg|thumb|One of the final MD-80s built, an MD-83 for [[Trans World Airlines]], operating for [[American Airlines]] after the two companies merged.]]

The second-generation, MD-80 series, passenger airliners have longer fuselages as well as longer range than their earlier counterparts, the first-generation of the DC-9 family. Some customers, such as [[American Airlines]], still refer to the airplanes in fleet documentation as the ''Super 80'', their former designation. Comparable airliners to the MD-80 series include the [[Boeing 737-400]] and [[Airbus A319]]. It was the most delivered MD- series and often nicknamed as the ''Mad Dog'' by the operators,<ref name=Delta_MadDog>{{cite web|url=https://news.delta.com/deltas-md-88-and-md-90-mad-dogs-touch-down-one-last-time |title=Delta's MD-88 and MD-90 'Mad Dogs' to touch down one last time |work= [[Delta Air Lines]] |date=May 29, 2020|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name=American_MadDog>{{cite web|url=https://news.aa.com/news/news-details/2019/American-Airlines-Announces-Schedule-of-Final-MD-80-Revenue-Flights/default.aspx |title=American Airlines Announces Schedule of Final MD-80 Revenue Flights (final revenue flights on the "Mad Dog") |work= [[American Airlines]] |date=June 24, 2019|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name=Danish_MadDog>{{cite web|url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2021/10/bye-bye-mad-dog-onboard-danish-air-transports-farewell-md-83-flight/ |title=Bye Bye Mad Dog: Onboard Danish Air Transport's Farewell MD-83 Flight |work= [[DAT (airline)|Danish Air Transport]] |date=October 16, 2021|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref> has been used by airlines around the world.<ref name=Workhorse_MadDog>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-30/-mad-dog-goes-silent-with-delta-s-retirement-of-workhorse-jet#xj4y7vzkg |title='Mad Dog' Goes Silent With Delta's Retirement of Workhorse Jet |work= [[Bloomberg News]] |date=April 30, 2020|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name=Traveler_MadDog>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2019/08/11/american-airlines-shares-timeline-of-mad-dog-md-80-as-aircraft-exits-fleet/ |title=American Airlines shares timeline of 'Mad Dog' MD-80 as aircraft exits fleet |work= [[Business Traveller]] |date=August 11, 2019|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref> Major customers have included [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]], [[Aeroméxico]], [[Aeropostal]] [[Aerorepublica]], [[Alaska Airlines]], [[Alitalia]], [[Allegiant Air]], [[American Airlines]], [[Aserca]], [[Austral Líneas Aéreas]], [[Austrian Airlines]], [[Avianca]], [[China Eastern Airlines]], [[China Northern Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Finnair]], [[Iberia Airlines|Iberia]], [[Insel Air]], [[Japan Air System]] (JAS), [[Korean Air]], [[Lion Air]], [[Martinair Holland]], [[Pacific Southwest Airlines]] (PSA), [[Reno Air]], [[Scandinavian Airlines System]] (SAS), [[Spanair]], [[Spirit Airlines]], [[Swissair]], [[Trans World Airlines]] and [[Meridiana]].{{Cn|date=September 2024}}<!-- Only Major or Large airlines here, please. -->

American Airlines was the first US [[major carrier]] to order the MD-80 when it leased twenty 142-seat aircraft from McDonnell Douglas in October 1982 to replace its [[Boeing 727-100]]s. It committed to 67 firm orders plus 100 options in March 1984, and in 2002 its fleet peaked at more than 360 aircraft, {{#expr:360/1191*100round0}}% of the 1,191 produced. The MD-80 was the workhorse of the airline's fleet throughout the 1980s and beyond.<ref name=AAL_Last_MD80>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2019/06/29/american-airlines-to-retire-last-of-md-80-feet/|title=American Airlines to retire last of MD-80 fleet|date=June 29, 2019|access-date=February 1, 2022}}</ref>

Due to the use of the aging JT8D engines, the MD-80 is not fuel efficient compared to the A320 or newer 737 models; it burns {{convert|1050|USgal|L|abbr=on}} of jet fuel per hour on a typical flight, while the larger [[Boeing 737-800]] burns {{convert|850|USgal|L|abbr=on}} per hour (19% reduction). In the 2000s many airlines began to retire the type. Alaska Airlines' tipping point in using the 737-800 was the $4 per gallon price of jet fuel the airline was paying by the summer of 2008; the airline stated that a typical Los Angeles-Seattle flight would cost $2,000 less, using a Boeing 737-800, than the same flight using an MD-80.<ref>[http://www.seattlepi.com/business/368286_air25.html Aerospace Notebook: MD-80 era winding down as fuel costs rise], Seattlepi.com, June 24, 2008.</ref>

In late March 2008 and again in early April 2008, an [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] safety audit of American Airlines forced the airline to ground all its MD-80 series aircraft (approximately 300) to inspect the wiring for one of the aircraft's hydraulic systems. This led to American canceling nearly 2,500 flights in March and over 3,200 in April. In addition, Delta Air Lines voluntarily inspected its own MD-80 fleet to ensure its 117 MD-80s were also operating within regulation. This resulted in Delta canceling 275 flights.<ref name=MSNBC>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24053397 "Cancellation wave latest problem for airlines"]. NBC News, April 10, 2008. Accessed: November 12, 2020.</ref><ref name=ABC_News>{{cite web |url=http://www.newschannel5.tv/2008/3/27/988789/ |title=American, Delta cancel more flights to inspect MD-80 aircraft |work=KRGV, News Channel 5 |date=March 27, 2008 |access-date= November 12, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080419012332/http://www.newschannel5.tv/2008/3/27/988789/ |archive-date=April 19, 2008}}</ref>

[[Midwest Airlines]] announced on July 14, 2008, that it would retire all 12 of its MD-80s (used primarily on routes to the West Coast) by the fall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/2008/07/14/daily6.html?ana=from_rss |title=Midwest Airlines will cut 1,200 jobs |work=[[American City Business Journals#Newspapers|Kansas City Business Journal]] |date=July 14, 2008 |access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> The JT8D's comparatively lower maintenance costs due to simpler design help narrow the fuel cost gap.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pw.utc.com/Content/Press_Kits/pdf/me_jt8d-219_pCard.pdf |title= JT8D-219Turbofan Engine |publisher= Pratt & Whitney |date= September 2010 |access-date= 2016-08-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510125602/http://pw.utc.com/Content/Press_Kits/pdf/me_jt8d-219_pCard.pdf |archive-date= 2017-05-10 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

American Airlines announced that it would remove all of its MD-80s by 2019, replacing them with 737-800s.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/american-to-say-adios-to-md-80s-in-2019-442726/ |title= American to say adios to MD-80s in 2019 |work= Flight Global |date= 31 October 2017}}</ref> The airline flew its final MD-80 revenue flights on September 3 and 4, 2019 before retiring its 26 remaining aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviationweek.com/mro?slide=1|title=MRO {{pipe}} Aviation Week Network|website=aviationweek.com}}</ref> The final MD-80 flight on September 4, 2019, Flight 80, flew from [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]] to [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.aa.com/news/news-details/2019/American-Airlines-Announces-Schedule-of-Final-MD-80-Revenue-Flights/default.aspx |title= American Airlines Announces Schedule of Final MD-80 Revenue Flights |work= American Airlines |date= 24 June 2019}}</ref> The retired planes were flown later to the [[New Mexico]] desert to be mothballed.<ref name=AAL_Last_MD80/> One former American Airlines MD-83 – the last ever built – was readied for use in January 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewing |first=Ryan |date=2025-01-07 |title=Ex-American MD-80 Takes Flight Again |url=https://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/ex-american-md-80-takes-flight-again/?MailingID=%25CAMPAIGNID%25&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_content=text&utm_campaign=FLY-NL-Daily&oly_enc_id=1805F9495578A7U |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=FLYING Magazine |language=en}}</ref> being delivered to [[TezJet]] in [[Kyrgyzstan]] on 22 May.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wint |first1=Bradley |title=Very Last MD-80 Produced Finds New Lease On Life |url=https://www.gatechecked.com/very-last-md-80-tezjet-10440 |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=Gate Checked |date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

Delta Air Lines was expected to retire its MD-80 series jetliners at the end of 2020, but instead the airline began accelerating the fleet retirement in March 2020 when the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] saw passenger levels drop critically low for airlines. On June 2, 2020, the final flights arrived at Delta's home base and hub [[Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International]] in [[Atlanta]] from [[Dulles International Airport]] in [[Virginia]], outside of [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[George Bush International Airport]] in [[Houston]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/02/delta-retires-md-88-and-md-90-jets-early-because-of-the-coronavirus.html |title= Coronavirus sends MD-88 'Mad Dog' jets to an early retirement from U.S. fleets |work=CNBC |date= June 2, 2020 |access-date= February 1, 2022}}</ref> This was the last scheduled passenger service in the US of any McDonnell Douglas airliner.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/delta-air-lines-md-80-last-flight/index.html |title= Delta's last MD-88 flight: Farewell to a Mad Dog |work=CNN |date= June 2, 2020 |access-date= February 1, 2022}}</ref> Delta's MD-80 fleet was put into storage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-retires-md-80-series-aircraft-send-off-in-atlanta-2020-6 |title=What it was like on the last fight of a Delta McDonnell Douglas 'Mad Dog' jet which were all just sent to an early retirement after 33 years in the sky |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref>

===Freighter===
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-82 'N949NS' (15217143833).jpg|thumb|An MD-82SF freighter of the conversion launch operator, [[USA Jet Airlines]], at [[Tucson International Airport]]]]

In February 2013, Commercial Jet Inc. (CJI) delivered the first AEI MD-80SF, an MD-82SF (the prototype), to [[Everts Air Cargo]], the launch customer of the MD-80SF passenger-to-freighter conversion program by the Aeronautical Engineers Inc. (AEI).<ref name=LaunchCustomSF>{{Cite web|title=Commercial Jet : Advanced MRO Solutions : News |url=http://www.commercialjet.com/news.html |website=commercialjet.com |access-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030045915/http://www.commercialjet.com/news.html |archive-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> In August 2013, [[USA Jet Airlines]] became the launch operator of the MD-80SF freighter conversion program with an MD-88SF. The [[cargo airline]] purchased 15 MD-88 aircraft from Delta, six of which would be converted and the other nine used as spares.<ref name=AEI-MD80SF>"[https://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/_files/ugd/a48ac7_0582a4e9a2b343b5b40c6ed64e1c9641.pdf Aeronautical Engineers MD-80SF Spec Sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023152/http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/aei_specsheet_md80.pdf |date=2013-12-03}}".</ref> USA Jet Airlines specialized in ''on demand cargo transport'' within North America.<ref name=MD80SF_Sta21 />

In 2021, most operators used the AEI MD-80SF freighter to carry [[Ford Motor Co.]] and [[General Motors]] automotive parts from [[Mexico]] to the U.S., but it was also used in [[Alaska]] for general freight and fish. The MD-80SF has a low deck height that allows it to load cargo from a pickup truck when needed, which is not possible on a [[Boeing 757]] freighter. However, its cross section is too narrow to transport standard "A" type containers and instead a dozen non-standard 88 x 108 inch containers or pallets, which is the main disadvantage in cargo operations.<ref name=MD80SF_Sta21 />

In late July 2022, Everts Air Cargo (EAC) selected Universal Avionics, an Elbit Systems company, to deliver cockpit upgrades ([[avionics]], [[Flight Management System|FMS]] with [[Localizer performance with vertical guidance|LPV]] capability, and integrated [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]) for its MD-80SF aircraft to improve safety and operational efficiency. EAC specializes in transporting freight and mail in [[Alaska]] and uses its MD-80SF fleet to supply ''on demand charter service'' operations throughout the United States, [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], and [[Caribbean Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uasc.com/home/library/news/2022/07/26/everts-selects-universal-avionics-upgrades-md-80-fleet |title=Everts Air selects Universal Avionics upgrades for MD-80 fleet|publisher=Universal Avionics (UA)}}</ref>

===Firefighter===
[[File:View of a retardant drop along US 197 (43023739231).jpg|thumb|An EAT MD-87 air tanker with landing gear down during the retardant drop onto the [[Boxcar Fire]] in [[Central Oregon]] in June 2018.]]

As of July 2024, [[Erickson Inc.|Erickson]] Aero Tanker operates seven 34-year-old MD-87 aircraft converted for use as aerial firefighting [[air tankers]] for the [[U.S. Forest Service]], [[California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection]] and other government agencies.<ref name="EricksonAT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eatanker.com/|title=Home|website=Erickson Aero Tanker}}</ref><ref name=6thMD-87FF/> The MD-87 air tanker's capacity is 4,000 gallons or 1,920 gallons more than the capacity of the [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune]] tankers, and 1,000 gallons more than [[British Aerospace 146|Bae-146]] tankers. That is significantly less than the 19,000+ gallon capacity of the [[747 Supertanker|747 Global Super Tanker]], but nonetheless, the MD-87 is much more cost-effective to operate and can utilize more austere fields with shorter runways.<ref name=Avgeek_MD-87FF>{{Cite web|url=https://avgeekery.com/classic-md-87s-still-earning-a-living-as-aerial-firefighting-tankers/ |title=Classic MD-87s Still Earning a Living as Aerial Firefighting Tankers |work= avgeekery.com |date= July 30, 2018 |access-date= August 2, 2022}}</ref> The MD-87 firefighter is loaded using one or two (individual or simultaneously) 3-inch coupled loading ports on each side of the fuselage. These ports can sustain up to 600 gallons per minute flow maximum. Few, if any tanker bases utilize both ports, loading using a single port at an average flow rate of 450 gallons per minute, giving the load time of under seven minutes.<ref name="EricksonAT" />

Another notable feature of the MD-87 tanker, as well as [[Douglas DC-7|Douglas DC-7']]s and some other large tanker-modified aircraft, is that the plane can be flown with the landing gear down during the retardant drop, which reduces airspeed while allowing higher engine [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]s, reducing lag on post-drop climb out- similar to a speed brake. Occasionally, only the main gear are extended with nose gear stowed. When pulling off or up after a retardant drop the pilots simply want as much aircraft performance available as possible.<ref name=Avgeek_MD-87FF/>
==Variants==
{{more footnotes needed|section|date=July 2015|reason=The following refs need to be inline with the specific data they support.}}
[[File:Mcdonnell Douglas MD-80-90 FAMILY.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Douglas MD-80 Family, top to bottom: MD-81/82, MD-83/88, MD-87, MD-90]]
References: Flight International's Commercial Aircraft of the World 1981,<ref name=FI-Com1981>"Commercial Aircraft of the World". ''Flight International'', October 17, 1981.</ref> 1982,<ref name=FI-Com1982>Flight International Commercial Aircraft of the World October 23, 1982</ref> 1983,<ref name=FI-Com1983>"Commercial Aircraft of the World". ''Flight International'', October 15, 1983.</ref> Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1994–1995,<ref name=Janes_AWA1994>Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1994–1995.</ref> and 2004–2005.<ref name=Janes_AWA2004>Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2004-2005</ref>

;Dimensions: The basic "long-body" MD-80 versions (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) have an overall length of {{convert|147|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}, and a fuselage length of {{convert|136|ft|5|in|m}} that is 4.62 m longer than the DC-9-50 and 13.5 m longer than the initial DC-9, the Series 10. Wingspan was also increased by 4.4 m in comparison with earlier DC-9s at {{convert|107|ft|10.2|in|m}}. The aircraft's passenger cabin, from cockpit door to aft bulkhead, is {{convert|101|ft|0|in|m}} long and, as with all versions of the DC-9, has a maximum cabin width (trim-to-trim) of {{convert|123.7|in|m}}.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

;Powerplant: The initial production version of the MD-80 was the Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 {{convert|18500|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust-powered MD-81. Later build MD-81s have been delivered with more powerful JT8D-217 and -219 engines.

;APU: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with an AlliedSignal (Garrett) GTCP85-98D APU as standard, which is located in the aft fuselage.

;Flight deck: The MD-80 is equipped with a two crew flightdeck similar to that on the DC-9 from which it evolved. Later models could be equipped to a higher specification with EFIS displays in place of the traditional analogue instruments, TCAS, windshear detection, etc. An EFIS retrofit to non-EFIS-equipped aircraft is possible.

;Cabin: Typical passenger-cabin seating arrangements include:<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}
: A mixed-class, with aft full-service galley, configuration for a total of 135 passengers with 12 first class, four-abreast 36-inch seat pitch.
: 123 economy-class passengers, five-abreast, 32-inch pitch.
: All-economy layout for 155 passengers, five-abreast, 32- and 33-inch pitch.
: A typical high-density layout is for 167 in one class (i.e., [[Airtours]]).

;Undercarriage: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit with spray deflector and twin main units with rock deflectors. The MD-80T, developed for the Chinese, differs in that the main units are each fitted with a four-wheel double-main-bogey undercarriage to reduce pavement loading.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}<ref name=FI-Com1983/>

;Aerodynamic improvements: From mid-1987, new low-drag "beaver" tail cones originally used on MD-83 and -87 were introduced on all early series of MD-80s, reducing drag and improving fuel burn. Some operators have been modifying the old DC-9-style cones on earlier-build MD-80s to the new low-drag style. Scandinavian Airlines System has done this, citing the improved economics and cosmetics from the modification.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}

===MD-81===
[[File:Sas.md-81.oy-khn.arp.jpg|thumb|[[Scandinavian Airlines]] MD-81 taking off]]

The MD-81 (originally known as the DC-9 Super 81 or DC-9-81) was the first production model of the MD-80, and apart from the MD-87, the differences between the various long-body MD-80 variants are relatively minor. The four long-body models (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) only differ from each other in having different engine variants, fuel capacities, and weights. The MD-88 and later-build versions of the other models have more up-to-date flight decks featuring for example EFIS.

;Performance: Standard maximum take-off weight (MTOW) on the MD-81 is {{cvt|140000|lb|-2}} with the option to increase to {{cvt|142000|lb|-2}}. Fuel capacity is {{convert|5840|USgal|L}}, and typical range, with 155 passengers is {{cvt|1565|nmi|0}}.<ref name=Airclaims/>

; MD-81 timeline
* Formal launch: October 1977
* First flight: October 18, 1979
* FAA certification: August 25, 1980
* First delivery: September 13, 1980, to [[Swissair]]
* Entry into service: October 10, 1980, with Swissair on a flight from Zurich to Heathrow.
* Last delivery: June 24, 1994, to [[Japan Airlines Domestic|JAL Domestic]]

===MD-82===
[[File:Alitalia.md-82.i-danw.arp.jpg|thumb|[[Alitalia]] MD-82]]
[[File:YV3285 Aeropostal McDonnell Douglas MD-82 Airplane.jpg|thumb|[[Aeropostal]] MD-82]]
Announced on April 16, 1979, the MD-82 (DC-9-82) was a new MD-80 variant with similar dimensions to those of the MD-81 but equipped with more powerful engines. The MD-82 was intended for operation from '[[hot and high]]' airports but also offered greater payload/range when in use at 'standard' airfields.<ref name="jawa82 p419">Taylor 1982, p. 419.</ref> [[American Airlines]] was the world's largest operator of the MD-82, with at one point over 300 MD-82s in the fleet.

Originally certified with {{convert|20000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust JT8D-217s, a -217A-powered MD-82 was certified in mid-1982 and became available that year. The new version featured a higher MTOW ({{convert|149500|lb|kg|-2|abbr=on}}), while the JT8D-217As had a guaranteed take-off thrust at temperatures up to {{convert|29|C}} or {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}} altitude. The JT8D-217C engines were also offered on the MD-82, giving improved [[Thrust specific fuel consumption]] (TSFC). Several operators took delivery of the -219-powered MD-82s, while [[Balair]] ordered its MD-82s powered by the lower-thrust -209 engine.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}<ref name=FI-Com1983/>

The MD-82 features an increased standard MTOW initially to {{cvt|147000|lb|kg|-2}}, and this was later increased to {{cvt|149500|lb|kg|-2}}. Standard fuel capacity is the same as that of the MD-81, {{cvt|5840|USgal|L}}, and typical range with 155 passengers is {{cvt|2050|nmi}}.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}<ref name=FI-Com1983/>

;MD-82 timeline
* Announced/go-ahead: April 16, 1979
* First flight: January 8, 1981
* FAA certification: July 29, 1981
* First delivery: August 5, 1981, to [[Republic Airlines (1979–1986)|Republic Airlines]]
* Entry into service: August, 1981 with Republic Airlines
* Last delivery: November 17, 1997, to [[U-Land Airlines]] of Taiwan

The MD-82 was assembled under license in Shanghai by the [[China Aviation Industry Corporation I|Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation]] (SAIC, today's [[COMAC]]) beginning in November 1986; the sub-assemblies were delivered by McDonnell Douglas in kit form.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}} China had begun design on a cargo version, designated '''Y-13''', but the project was subsequently canceled with the conclusion of the licensed assembly of the MD-82 and MD-90 in China.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=22366015|title=红色巨灵神 中国大型运输机之路八 运十三篇|website=cqvip.com|date=2006 |issue=7 |author1=云轩 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.cqvip.com/qk/83607X/200608/22623441.html |title=红色巨灵神——中国大型运输机之路（八）运13（二）-【维普网】-仓储式在线作品出版平台-www.cqvip.com |publisher=2010.cqvip.com |access-date=2015-07-10}}</ref> In 2012, Aeronautical Engineers Inc. performed the first commercial-freighter conversion of an MD-82.<ref name=":0" />

===MD-83===
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-83 (DC-9-83) - Spanair - EC-FXA - LEMD - 20050305.jpg|thumb|[[Spanair]] MD-83]]

The MD-83 (DC-9-83) is a longer-range version of the basic MD-81/82 with higher weights, more powerful engines, and increased fuel capacity.

;Powerplant: Compared to earlier models, the MD-83 is equipped with slightly more powerful {{convert|21000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}-thrust Pratt and Whitney JT8D-219s as standard.

;Performance: The MD-83 features increased fuel capacity as standard (to {{convert|6970|USgal|L|abbr=on}}), which is carried in two {{convert|565|USgal|L|abbr=on}} auxiliary tanks located fore and aft of the center section. The aircraft also has higher operating weights, with MTOW increased to {{convert|160000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and MLW to {{convert|139500|lb|kg|abbr=on}}. Typical range for the MD-83 with 155 passengers is around {{convert|2504|nmi}}. To cope with the higher operating weights, the MD-83 incorporates strengthened landing gear including new wheels, tires, and brakes, changes to the wing skins, front spar web and elevator spar cap, and strengthened floor beams and panels to carry the auxiliary fuel tanks. From MD-80 line number 1194, an MD-81 delivered in September 1985, it is understood that all MD-80s have the same basic wing structure and in theory could be converted to MD-83 standard.<ref name=Airclaims/>{{page needed|date=August 2016}}

;MD-83 timeline
* Announced/go-ahead: January 31, 1983
* First flight: December 17, 1984
* FAA certification: October 17, 1985 (MTOW {{convert|149500|lb|kg|abbr=on}}). MTOW of {{convert|160000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} certified November 4, 1985.
* First delivery: February, 1985 to [[Alaska Airlines]] – initially as -82 powered by -217A engines and certified as MD-82s. Alaska Airlines' first four aircraft were subsequently re-engined and re-certified as MD-83s.
* Entry into service: February, 1985 with Alaska Airlines
* Last delivery: December 28, 1999, to [[Trans World Airlines]] (TWA)

===MD-87===
[[File:MD- 87 Iberia.jpg|thumb|An [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] MD-87]]

In January 1985, McDonnell Douglas announced it would produce a shorter-fuselage MD-80 variant, designated MD-87 (DC-9-87), which would seat between 109 and 130 passengers depending upon configuration. The designation was intended to indicate its planned date of entry into service, 1987.

;Dimensions: With an overall length of {{convert|130|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}}, the MD-87 is {{convert|17|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} shorter than the other MD-80s but is otherwise generally similar to them, employing the same engines, systems and flight deck. The MD-87 features modifications to its tail, with a fin extension above the tailplane. It also introduced a new low-drag "beaver" tail cone, which became standard on all MD-80s.

;Powerplant: The MD-87 was offered with either the {{convert|20000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust JT8D-217C or the {{convert|21000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} thrust -219.

;Performance: Two basic versions of the MD-87 were made available with either an MTOW of {{convert|140000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and MLW of {{convert|128000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} or an MTOW of {{convert|149000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and an MLW of {{convert|130000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}. Fuel capacity is {{convert|5840|USgal|L|abbr=on}}, increasing to {{convert|6970|USgal|L|abbr=on}} with the incorporation of two auxiliary fuel tanks. Typical range with 130 passengers is {{cvt|2370|nmi}}. It increased to {{cvt|2900|nmi}} with two auxiliary fuel tanks.

;Cabin: The MD-87 provides typical mixed-class seating for 114 passengers or 130 in an all-economy layout (five-abreast 31 in and 32 in seat pitch). The maximum seating, exit-limited, is for 139 passengers.

;MD-87 timeline
*Announced/go-ahead: January 1985
* First flight: December 4, 1986
* FAA certification: October 21, 1987
* First delivery: November 27, 1987, to [[Austrian Airlines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airlinerlist.com/|title=Airliner List|work=airlinerlist.com}}</ref>
* Last delivery: March 27, 1992, to [[Scandinavian Airlines]] (SAS)

===MD-88===
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-88 - Iberia - EC-FIG - LEMD - 200504101359.jpg|thumb|An [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] MD-88 from behind]]

The MD-88 was the last variant of the MD-80, which was launched on January 23, 1986, on the back of orders and options from [[Delta Air Lines]] for a total of 80 aircraft.

The MD-88 is, depending on specification, basically similar to the MD-82 or MD-83 except it incorporates an EFIS cockpit instead of the more traditional analog flight deck of the other MD-80s. Other changes incorporated into the MD-88 include a wind-shear warning system and general updating of the cabin interior/trim. These detail changes are relatively minor and were written back as standard on the MD-82/83. The wind-shear warning system was offered as a standard option on all other MD-80s and has been made available for retrofitting on earlier aircraft including the DC-9.

Delta's initial eight aircraft were manufactured as MD-82s and upgraded to MD-88 specifications. MD-88 deliveries began in December 1987, and it entered service with Delta in January 1988. The final commercial passenger flight of an MD-88 within the United States took place on June 2, 2020, by a Delta flight from [[Dulles International Airport|Washington Dulles]] to Atlanta.<ref name=Fosters>{{cite news |url=https://www.fosters.com/news/20200606/dover-high-grad-pilots-last-flight-of-deltas-mad-dog |title=Dover High grad pilots last flight of Delta's 'Mad Dog' |first=Jeff |last=McMenemy |website=[[Foster's Daily Democrat]] |location=[[Dover, New Hampshire]] |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2020}}</ref> In 2021, Michigan's USA Jet Airlines added MD-88s to their ad-hoc operations' freighter fleet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Michigan's USA Jet Airlines to add MD-88 freighters |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/101539-michigans-usa-jet-airlines-to-add-md-88-freighters |website=ch-aviation |publisher=ch-aviation GmbH |access-date=10 December 2021 |date=17 March 2021}}</ref>

;Performance: The MD-88 has the same weight, range, and airfield performance as the other long-body aircraft (MD-82 and MD-83) and is powered by the same engines. MDC quotes a typical range for the MD-88 as {{cvt|2050|nmi}} with 155 passengers. Adding two additional auxiliary fuel tanks increases its 155-passenger range to {{cvt|2504|nmi}} (similar to the MD-83). A ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' article about the crash of [[Delta Air Lines Flight 1086]] at [[New York City]]'s [[LaGuardia Airport]] in March 2015 stated that "pilots and other safety experts have long known that when the MD-88's reversers are deployed, its rudder... sometimes may not be powerful enough to control deviations to the left or right from the center of a runway...safety board investigators, among other things, are looking to see if this tendency played any role in the crash..".<ref name=Pasztor>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/delta-crash-investigators-suspect-possible-brake-problems-1425852167 |title=Delta Crash: Investigators Suspect Possible Brake Problems |newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 9, 2015 |author=Pasztor, Andy |page=A3|access-date= 11 July 2019}} {{Closed access}}</ref>

;MD-88 timeline
* Announced/go-ahead: January 23, 1986
* First flight: August 15, 1987
* FAA certification: December 8, 1987
* First delivery: December 19, 1987, to Delta Air Lines
* Entry into service: January 5, 1988, with Delta Air Lines
* Last delivery: June 25, 1997, to [[Onur Air]]
* Final commercial flight in the U.S.: June 2, 2020, by Delta Air Lines<ref name=Fosters/>

===Conversions===
The freighter conversion is available for the longer variants of MD-80 series (the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83 and MD-88), while the firefighter conversion is for the shortest variant, the MD-87.

====AEI MD-80SF (freighter)====
[[File:N965CE (45231951854).jpg|thumb|An MD-83SF of the launch customer of the freighter conversion program, [[Everts Air Cargo]]]]

In February 2010, the Aeronautical Engineers Inc. (AEI) announced it was beginning a freighter conversion program for the MD-80 series.<ref name=":0" /> The converted aircraft use the ''MD-80SF'' (MD-80 special freghter) designation. AEI is solely certified by FAA and EASA to perform conversions on the longer variants of MD-80 series (the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83 and MD-88). The AEI MD-80SF freighter conversion consists of the installation of a 85"×136" large cargo door on the left side of the fuselage and modification of main deck to a ''Class E'' cargo compartment, with independent smoke detection system. Cabin windows replaced with lightweight aluminum window plugs. After conversion the freighter can carry twelve 88"×108" or eight 125"×88" [[Unit load device|ULDs]] or eight 125"×96" ULDs. The cargo door is hydraulically operated and actuated from the inside of the aircraft by an independent system. Hydraulic pressure is available from two sources; an electrically operated hydraulic pump or a manual hand pump. The door control and manual pump are located on the 9&nbsp;g barrier, allowing a single person to operate the door manually.<ref name=AEI-MD80SF /> The installation of cargo doors and other structural changes are performed by Commercial Jet Inc. (CJI), which is licensed to install the AEI-designed conversion kit at its Dothan, Alabama facility.<ref name=MD80SF_Sta21 />

====EAT MD-87 (firefighter)====
In 2013, five MD-87 aircraft formerly operated by [[Scandinavian Airlines]] (SAS) were converted for aerial firefighting use by Aero Air/[[Erickson Inc.|Erickson Aero Tanker]] (EAT).<ref>{{cite web |title= Erickson's Aero Tanker MD-87 |url=https://airinsight.com/ericksons-aero-tanker-md-87/ |website=AirInsight |date= April 16, 2013|access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Warwick |first1=Graham |title=Let's Go Fight Fires - In an MD-87 |url=http://aviationweek.com/blog/lets-go-fight-fires-md-87 |website=aviationweek.com |access-date=12 June 2018 |language=en |archive-date=June 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630002603/http://aviationweek.com/blog/lets-go-fight-fires-md-87 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The external tank (pod) is installed below the retardant tank doors, lowering the release point by 46 inches and thus reducing the possibility of retardant spreading over the wing that could be further ingested into the engines.<ref>{{cite news |title=20 large air tankers to be on exclusive use contracts this year - Fire Aviation |url=http://fireaviation.com/2017/03/10/20-large-air-tankers-to-be-on-exclusive-use-contracts-this-year/ |website=Fire Aviation |access-date=12 June 2018 |date=10 March 2017 |last1=Gabbert |first1=Bill }}</ref> On May 30, 2019, AerSale, a global supplier of mid-life aircraft, engines, and maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services, announced that it had signed a contract with Aero Air/ Erickson Aero Tanker to build the sixth MD-87 firefighting air tanker, beginning conversion on April 1, 2019, at AerSale's MRO facility in [[Goodyear, Arizona]]. The new air tanker will cruise at 450 knots, carry 3,000 gallons of fire retardant in all environments up to 40 degrees Celsius, boast a 900-mile loaded strike range, require only a 5,200-foot runway loaded, and both take off and land fully loaded.<ref name=6thMD-87FF>{{cite web |title= AerSale signs deal to convert 6th MD-87 for Erickson Aero Tanker |url=https://aerialfiremag.com/2019/05/30/aersale-signs-deal-to-convert-6th-md-87-for-erickson-aero-tanker/ |website=aerialfiremag |date= May 30, 2019|access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Laser Airlines.jpg |thumb |[[LASER Airlines]] is currently the largest scheduled passenger operator.]]
[[File:Aeronaves TSM MD-82(SF) (XA-UTX) at BJX.jpg |thumb |[[Aeronaves TSM]] is currently the largest MD-80SF freighter operator.]]
{{Main|List of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 operators}}

===Current operators===
As of August 2022, there were 116 MD-80 series aircraft in service with operators including [[Aeronaves TSM]] (15), [[World Atlantic Airlines]] (9), [[LASER Airlines]] (9), [[Everts Air]] (5), [[USA Jet Airlines]] (5), and other carriers with smaller fleets.{{Cn|date=September 2024}}

===Former operators===
Major airlines that operated the MD-80 series:
* [[Alaska Airlines]] retired its MD-80 series aircraft after making its last commercial flight on August 25, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alaska Airlines Completes Transition to All-Boeing Fleet |url=http://splash.alaskasworld.com/newsroom/asnews/asstories/AS_20080828_140339.asp |publisher=Alaska Airlines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627165308/http://splash.alaskasworld.com/newsroom/asnews/asstories/AS_20080828_140339.asp |archive-date=June 27, 2012 |date=28 August 2008|access-date=August 28, 2022 |url-status=live |df=mdy}}</ref>
*[[Alitalia]] operated 90 MD-82 from 1983 to 2012.
* [[American Airlines]] retired its MD-80 series aircraft after making its last commercial flight on September 4, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=American Airlines retires classic MD-80 planes|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/american-airlines-retires-md-80/index.html|website=CNN|date=September 4, 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref>
* [[Delta Air Lines]] retired its MD-88 and MD-90 aircraft on June 2, 2020.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=By the numbers: A final salute to Delta's MD-88 and MD-90 'Mad Dogs'|url=https://news.delta.com/numbers-final-salute-deltas-md-88-and-md-90-mad-dogs|website=Delta News Hub|language=en|date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
* [[Northwest Airlines]] operated the MD-82 from 1986-1999 following the acquisition of [[Republic Airlines]].
* [[Continental Airlines]] operated the MD-81, MD-82, and MD-83.  The fleet was retired in 2006.
* [[Midwest Airlines]] operated the MD-81, MD-82 and MD-88.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-30 |title=Midwest Airlines to Reconfigure Fleet |url=https://www.aviationpros.com/home/news/10436930/midwest-airlines-to-reconfigure-fleet |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Aviation Pros}}</ref>  The fleet was retired in 2008.
* [[Allegiant Air]] operated the MD-82, MD-83, MD-87, and MD-88.  The fleet was retired in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ghim-Lay |title=PICTURES: Allegiant bids farewell to MD-80s after 16 years |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/pictures-allegiant-bids-farewell-to-md-80s-after-16-years/130182.article |date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=February 24, 2025 |website=[[FlightGlobal]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[European Air Charter (Bulgarian airline)|European Air Charter]] operated the MD-82 as the last European operator. The fleet was retired in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Air Charter stellt letzte europäische MD-82 außer Dienst |url=https://www.airliners.de/european-air-charter-stellt-letzte-europaeische-md-82-dienst/71227 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=airliners.de |language=de}}</ref>

===Deliveries===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:90%;"
|+ Deliveries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/index.cfm?content=userdefinedselection.cfm&pageid=m15527 |title=Boeing: Commercial |publisher= Boeing.com |access-date=2015-07-10}}</ref>
|-
! Type!!Total!!1999!!1998!!1997!!1996!!1995!!1994!!1993!!1992!!1991!!1990!!1989!!1988!!1987!!1986!!1985!!1984!!1983!!1982!!1981!!1980
|-
!MD-81
|'''132'''|| || || || || ||3||3||5||15||5||8||6||4||9||8||1||1||11||48||5
|-
!MD-82
|'''539'''|| || ||2||2||13||8||14||18||48||48||37||51||50||64||55||43||50||23||13||
|-
!MD-82T
|'''30'''|| || || || || ||1||1||2||6||8||6||4||2|| || || || || || ||
|-
!MD-83
|'''265'''||26||8||9||10||5||11||12||25||26||30||26||26||31||12||8|| || || || ||
|-
!MD-87
|'''75'''|| || || || || || || ||5||13||25||15||14||3|| || || || || || ||
|-
!MD-88
|'''150'''|| || ||5|| || || ||13||29||32||23||25||19||4|| || || || || || ||
|-
!MD-80 series
|'''1,191'''||'''26'''||'''8'''||'''16'''||'''12'''||'''18'''||'''23'''||'''43'''||'''84'''||'''140'''||'''139'''||'''117'''||'''120'''||'''94'''||'''85'''||'''71'''||'''44'''||'''51'''||'''34'''||'''61'''||'''5'''
|}

==Accidents and incidents==
{{As of|2024|4}}, the MD-80 series has been involved in 90 major [[aviation accidents and incidents]], including 47 [[Hull loss|hull-losses]], with 1,446 fatalities of occupants.<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/types/McDonnell-Douglas-MD-80/losses McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Accidents]. Aviation-Safety.net, September 28, 2015.</ref><ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/types/McDonnell-Douglas-MD-80/statistics McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Accident Statistics]. Aviation-Safety.net, September 28, 2015.</ref>

===Accidents with fatalities===
* On December 1, 1981, [[Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308]], an MD-82 (YU-ANA), crashed into [[Corsica]]'s Mt. San Pietro during a holding pattern for landing at [[Ajaccio – Campo dell'Oro Airport|Campo dell'Oro Airport]], [[Ajaccio]], France. All 180 passengers and crew were killed. This was the first-ever fatal incident involving the MD-80 series and also the deadliest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19811201-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-81 (MD-81) YU-ANA Mont San-Pietro|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rapport final relatif à l'accident survenu le 1er décembre 1981 près l'aérodrome d'Ajaccio au DC-9 YU-ANA d'Inex Adria Aviopromet|trans-title=Final report on the accident that occurred on December 1, 1981 near Ajaccio aerodrome to DC-9 YU-ANA of Inex Adria Aviopromet|url=http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1981/yu-a811201/pdf/yu-a811201.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208041703/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1981/yu-a811201/pdf/yu-a811201.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2013|access-date=27 April 2025|publisher=French Secretariat of State for Transport|language=fr}}</ref>
* On August 16, 1987, [[Northwest Airlines Flight 255]], an MD-82, crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] because the flight crew failed to use the taxi checklist to ensure that flaps and slats were extended for takeoff, according to the US [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB). All crew and 154 passengers were killed, with the exception of a four-year-old girl, Cecelia Cichan. Two people on the ground were also killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Sally J. |title=Strategic Communication in Crisis Management: Lessons from the Airline Industry |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9781567201536 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8SDs-SFw8UC&q=%22two+persons+were+killed%22 |language=en |quote=On the ground two persons were killed, one person seriously injured, and four persons suffered minor injuries}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR88-05.pdf |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Report Northwest Airlines, Inc. McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82, N312RC Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport Romulus, Michigan August 16, 1987|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|date=May 10, 1988|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkerson|first=Isabel|title=Crash Survivor's Psychic Pain May Be the Hardest to Heal|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1987-08-22|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B0DE1DA1139F931A1575BC0A961948260|access-date=2006-12-27}}</ref>
*On June 12, 1988, [[Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 46]], an MD-81 (N1003G), crashed short of the runway at [[Libertador General José de San Martín Airport]], in [[Posadas, Misiones]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880612-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-81 (MD-81) N1003G Posadas Airport, MI (PSS) |last=Ranter|first=Harro |website=aviation-safety.net |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref> All 61 passengers and crew were killed.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
* On October 26, 1993, [[China Eastern Airlines Flight 5398]], an MD-82 (B-2103), overran the runway on landing at [[Fuzhou Yixu Airport]] in poor visibility due to pilot error, killing two of 80 on board.
* On November 13, 1993, [[China Northern Airlines Flight 6901]], an MD-82 (B-2141) crashed before landing at [[Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport]] in [[Xinjiang]], [[China]], killing twelve of the 102 passengers and crew on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19931113-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82) B-2141 Urumqi Airport (URC)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref>
* On November 22, 1994, [[1994 St. Louis Airport collision|TWA Flight 472]], an MD-82, struck a [[Cessna 441 Conquest II]] during takeoff, resulting in 2 fatalities on the Cessna. There were 8 injuries among the 140 people on board the MD-82, but no fatalities.
* On July 6, 1996, [[Delta Air Lines Flight 1288]], an MD-88, attempting to take off from Pensacola Regional Airport experienced an uncontained, catastrophic turbine engine failure that caused debris from the front compressor hub of the number one left engine to penetrate the left aft fuselage. The penetrating debris left two passengers dead and two severely injured; all were from the same family. The pilot aborted takeoff, and the airplane stopped on the runway.
* On June 1, 1999, [[American Airlines Flight 1420]], an MD-82, attempting to land in severe weather conditions at Little Rock Airport, overshot the runway and crashed into the banks of the [[Arkansas River]]. Eleven people, including the captain, died.
* On January 31, 2000, [[Alaska Airlines Flight 261]], an MD-83, crashed in the [[Pacific Ocean]] because it lost horizontal stabilizer control.<ref name=NTSB_summary>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2002/AAR0201.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930130315/https://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2002/AAR0201.pdf|title=Aircraft Accident Report Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean Alaska Airlines Flight 261 McDonnell Douglas MD-83, N963AS About 2.7 Miles North of Anacapa Island, California January 31, 2000|archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> All 88 passengers and crew on board were killed. Following the crash, an improperly maintained [[Acme thread form|Acme]] nut and jackscrew recovered from the aircraft were found to be excessively worn.<ref name=jackscrew-worn>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/Events/2000/Aka261/jackscrew.htm |date=2000-01-31 |title=NTSB photo of worn jackscrew |work=NTSB |access-date=2010-03-02 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114050443/https://www.ntsb.gov/Events/2000/Aka261/jackscrew.htm |archive-date=January 14, 2010}}</ref> An airworthiness directive (AD) was issued by the FAA requiring more frequent inspections and lubrication of the jackscrew assembly.<ref name=FAA-AD-2000-15-15>[http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAD.nsf/0/6E28E61948DF0C1A86256A08006BFD14?OpenDocument "Airworthiness Directives; McDonnell Douglas Model DC-9, Model MD-90-30, Model 717-200, and Model MD-88 Airplanes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118194616/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAD.nsf/0/6E28E61948DF0C1A86256A08006BFD14?OpenDocument|date=18 November 2007}}</ref>
* On May 25, 2000, [[Air Liberté Flight 8807|Air Liberte Flight 8807]], an MD-83, (F-GHED), collided with Streamline Flight 200, a [[Short 330|Short 330-200]], (G-SSWN), during takeoff at [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]], [[Paris]], France. No one aboard the MD-83 was injured, while one person was killed and another injured on the Short 330.
* On October 8, 2001, [[2001 Linate Airport runway collision|Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686]], an MD-87 (SE-DMA) collided with a [[Cessna CitationJet/M2|Cessna Citation CJ2]] jet (D-IEVX) during takeoff at [[Linate Airport]], [[Milan]], Italy. The runway collision left 118 people dead and remains the deadliest air disaster in Italy. The cause of the accident was a misunderstanding between air traffic controllers and the Cessna jet, complicated by inoperative ground movement radar at the time of the accident. The SAS crew had no role in causing the accident.
* On May 7, 2002, [[China Northern Airlines Flight 6136]], an MD-82 (B-2138), from [[Beijing]] to [[Dalian]], crashed into Dalian Bay near Dalian after the pilot reported "fire on board". All 112 people on board were killed. Investigators determined that the fire had been set by a suicidal passenger.
* On November 30, 2004, [[Lion Air Flight 583]], an MD-82, crashed on landing at [[Adi Sumarmo Airport]] in [[Surakarta]], Indonesia and overran the end of the runway, killing 25 of 163 on board.
* On August 16, 2005, [[West Caribbean Airways Flight 708]], an MD-82, crashed in a mountainous region in northwest Venezuela killing all 152 passengers and eight crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/americas/08/16/venezuela.crash/index.html |title=160 believed dead in Venezuela jet crash - Aug 16, 2005 |publisher=CNN News|access-date=2015-07-10}}</ref>
* On September 16, 2007, [[One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269]], an MD-82, crashed at the side of the [[runway]] and exploded after an apparent attempt to execute a [[go-around]] in bad weather at [[Phuket International Airport]] in [[Phuket]], Thailand. Of the 130 passengers and crew on board, 90 were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6998120.stm |title=Asia-Pacific {{pipe}} Search for clues after Thai crash |work=BBC News |date=2007-09-17 |access-date=2015-07-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/17/thailand.crash/index.html |title=Survivors recount Thai jet crash |publisher=CNN.com |access-date=2015-07-10}}</ref>
* On November 30, 2007, [[Atlasjet Flight 4203]], an MD-83, crashed in the southwestern province of Isparta, Turkey, killing all 50 passengers and 7 crew.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/11/29/turkey.jet/index.html|title=56 feared dead in Turkey jet crash|work=[[CNN]]|date=November 30, 2007|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> The cause of the crash was attributed to pilot [[spatial disorientation]].
* On August 20, 2008, [[Spanair Flight 5022]], an MD-82 (EC-HFP), from [[Madrid]]'s [[Barajas Airport]] crashed shortly after takeoff on a flight to [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] in the [[Canary Islands]]. The MD-82 had 162 passengers and ten crew on board, of whom 18 survived. The crash was caused by attempting to take off with the flaps and slats retracted. The flight crew omitted the "set flaps and slats" item in both the After Start checklist and the Takeoff Imminent checklist. The takeoff warning system (TOWS), which should have emitted an audio warning on the runway when the throttles were advanced for takeoff with the airplane wrongly configured for takeoff, did not sound.<ref name=CIAIAC>{{cite web|url=http://www.fomento.es/NR/rdonlyres/EC47A855-B098-409E-B4C8-9A6DD0D0969F/107087/2008_032_A_ENG.pdf|title=Report A-032/2008 Accident Involving a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82) aircraft, registration EC-HFP, operated by Spanair, at Madrid-Barajas Airport, on 20 August 2008|work=[[Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes e Incidentes de Aviación Civil]]|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref>
* On June 3, 2012, [[Dana Air Flight 992]], an MD-83 (5N-RAM), crashed into a two-story building in [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], caused by engine failure. All 153 passengers and crew on board were killed,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/03/world/africa/nigeria-plane-crash/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|title=Official: 153 on plane, at least 10 on ground dead after Nigeria crash|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2012-06-04|access-date=2013-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chron.com/news/article/Grim-search-for-dead-after-Nigerian-plane-crash-3605633.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607004049/http://www.chron.com/news/article/Grim-search-for-dead-after-Nigerian-plane-crash-3605633.php|title=Bereaved walk among dead after Nigeria plane crash|archive-date=June 7, 2012}}</ref> as well as 6 on the ground.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
* On July 24, 2014, [[Air Algérie Flight 5017]], an MD-83, registration EC-LTV, a scheduled flight from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, to Algiers, Algeria, operated with an MD-83 leased from Swiftair. The aircraft crashed southeast of [[Gossi]], Mali, about 50 minutes after takeoff. All 110 passengers and six crew were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28460625|title=Algeria airliner feared crashed on flight from Burkina Faso|work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 24, 2014|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hull losses, incidents and hijackings===
[[File:Delta Air Lines flight 1086 from Atlanta to New York LaGuardia on 05 March 2015.jpg|thumb|Delta Air Lines Flight 1086 resting on the seawall following its overrun at La Guardia]]

* On February 3, 1988, [[American Airlines Flight 132]], an MD-83, caught fire before landing. The aircraft made an emergency landing. All 126 people on board survived, with 18 injured. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service. 
* On December 27, 1991, [[Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751|SAS Flight 751]], an MD-81 (OY-KHO, ''Dana Viking''), crash-landed at [[Gottröra]], Sweden. In the initial climb, both engines ingested [[ice]] broken loose from the wings (although they had been properly deiced before departure). The ice damaged the compressor blades causing compressor stall. The stall further caused repeated engine surges that finally destroyed both engines, leaving the aircraft with no [[Air propulsion|thrust]]. The aircraft landed in a snowy field and broke into three parts. No fire occurred, and all aboard survived.
* On November 3, 1994, [[Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347]], an MD-82, was hijacked shortly after take-off. The hijacker was Haris Keč, who made demands that Norwegian authorities help to stop the humanitarian suffering in his home country caused by the [[Bosnian War]]. No one was injured in the incident. 
* On November 12, 1995, [[American Airlines Flight 1572]], an MD-83, struck a tree and an [[instrument landing system]] (ILS), but landed safety. All 78 people on board survived with 1 injury. The aircraft later a repaired and return to service.
* On October 19, 1996, [[Delta Air Lines Flight 554]], an MD-88, struck the approach lighting system while landing and skidded off the runway. All 63 people on board survived with 5 injured. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.
* On March 15, 1999, [[Korean Air Flight 1533]], an MD-83 (HL7570), overshot runway 10 during landing at [[Pohang Airport]]. All 156 passengers and crew members survived, but the aircraft was written off.
* On March 16, 2007, [[Kish Air]] MD-82 (LZ-LDD) leased from [[Bulgarian Air Charter]] was damaged beyond repair in a hard landing accident at Kish Island Airport. There were no fatalities.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20070316-0|title=LZ-LDD}}</ref>
* On January 24, 2012, [[Swiftair]] Flight 94, an MD-83 (EC-JJS), suffered a wingtip strike while landing at [[Kandahar Airport]], Afghanistan. Although there were no injuries to the 92 passengers and crew on board, the starboard wing sustained a broken main spar, and the aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair. It was consequently scrapped at Kandahar.<ref name=44cb78fa>{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=44cb78fa&opt=0 |title=Accident: Swiftair MD83 at Kandahar on Jan 24th 2012, wing tip strike |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |publisher=The Aviation Herald |date=20 March 2012 |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
* On March 5, 2015, [[Delta Air Lines Flight 1086]], an MD-88 (N909DL), skidded off the runway on landing at [[LaGuardia Airport]], [[New York City|New York]] in snowy weather, suffering severe damage. A few minor injuries occurred during evacuation via the emergency chutes.<ref name=AH482b659f>{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=482b659f&opt=0 |title=Accident: Delta MD88 at New York on Mar 5th 2015, runway excursion on landing |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |publisher=The Aviation Herald |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> Investigators from the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] were reportedly focusing on the aircraft's braking system and rudder.<ref name=Pasztor/>
* On March 8, 2017, [[Ameristar Charters Flight 9363]], MD-83 (N786TW), overran the end of runway 23L at [[Willow Run Airport]] in [[Ypsilanti, Michigan]], after [[Rejected takeoff|rejecting a takeoff]] at very high speed due to a jammed elevator which could not be detected prior to the attempted takeoff.<ref name="4a5ecf6a">{{cite web |url=https://avherald.com/h?article=4a5ecf6a&opt=0 |author=Simon Hradecky |publisher=[[The Aviation Herald]] |date=7 March 2019 |orig-date=created 8 March 2017 |accessdate=19 August 2021 |title=Accident: Ameristar MD83 at Detroit on Mar 8th 2017, overran runway after rejected takeoff due to elevator malfunction |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628214352/https://avherald.com/h?article=4a5ecf6a&opt=0 |archivedate=28 June 2021}}</ref>  Only one injury occurred among the 116 on board, but the aircraft's belly and wings were substantially damaged after its landing gear collapsed during the overrun, and it was eventually written off.<ref name="ameristar">{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20170308-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-83 N786TW Detroit-Willow Run Airport, MI (YIP) |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |accessdate=19 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820013513/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20170308-0 |archivedate=20 August 2021}}</ref>
* On June 14, 2018, [[Bravo Airways flight 4406]], an MD-83 (UR-CPR), slid off the runway on landing at [[Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)|Igor Sikorsky International Airport]] following an unstable approach; all 176 on board survived.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20180614-1|title=UR-CPR}}</ref>
* On January 27, 2020, [[Caspian Airlines Flight 6936]], an MD-83, overran the end of the [[Mahshahr Airport]]'s runway 13 with 144 people on board. There were two injuries; the aircraft received substantial damage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caspian MD83 at Mahshahr on Jan 27th 2020, overran runway on landing |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4d281d22&opt=0 |publisher=Aviation Herald |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref>
* On October 19, 2021, an MD-87, registration N987AK,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/269063|title=Incident McDonnell Douglas MD-87 N987AK, 19 Oct 2021|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref> [[2021 Houston MD-87 crash|crashed on take-off]] from [[Houston Executive Airport]]. All 21 people on board survived but the aircraft was destroyed by a post-crash fire. During examination of the intact tail section, it was found that both left and right elevators were jammed in a trailing edge down position. The aircraft was chartered to fly the passengers to Boston for a Red Sox baseball game.<ref name=WFSA12>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsfa.com/2021/10/19/plane-crashes-catches-fire-near-houston-area-airport/ |title=Plane crashes, catches fire near Houston-area airport |publisher=Gray Media Group Inc. |work=WFSA12TV |date=October 19, 2021 |accessdate=October 19, 2021}}</ref><ref name=WBRZ2>{{cite web |url=https://www.wbrz.com/news/first-responders-called-to-plane-crash-near-houston-executive-airport-in-texas |title=First responders called to plane crash near Houston Executive Airport in Texas |publisher=ABC |work=WBRZ2TV |accessdate=October 19, 2021}}</ref><ref name=ABC13>{{cite web |url=https://abc13.com/plane-down-waller-county-emergency-aircraft-crash-response-katy-texas/11143371/ |title= Texas plane crash: No one seriously injured after aircraft goes down |publisher= ABC 13 |date= October 19, 2021 |accessdate=October 19, 2021}}</ref>
* On June 21, 2022, [[RED Air Flight 203]], an MD-82 (reg. HI1064), suffered a landing gear collapse and runway excursion upon landing at [[Miami International Airport]], causing the right wing to catch fire. There were four minor injuries among the 140 passengers and crew, and the aircraft was written off.<ref>{{cite web |title= ASN Aircraft accident description McDonnell Douglas MD-82|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?%20id=20220621-1 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>
* On February 9, 2024, an MD-82, registration 5Y-AXL and owned by [[African Express Airways]], sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident at [[Malakal Airport]], South Sudan. There were no injuries but the aircraft was written off.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident description McDonnell Douglas MD-82|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=351582 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> It received further damage on March 31, 2024 when it collided with Safe Air's [[Boeing 727|Boeing 727-2Q9F]], which overran the runway during an emergency landing.<ref>{{cite web |title= ASN Aircraft accident description Boeing 727-2Q9F |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/378591 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
* N259AA (cn 49289) – MD-82 on display at the [[Tulsa Air and Space Museum]] in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]]{{Cn|date=September 2024}} The cabin has been converted into a movie theater to become the "MD-80 Discovery Center".<ref>{{cite web|title=MD-80 Discovery Center|url=http://www.tulsaairandspacemuseum.org/exhibits/md-80-discovery-center|website=Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023130911/http://www.tulsaairandspacemuseum.org/exhibits/md-80-discovery-center|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://swtimes.com/features/entertainment/discovery-center-launched-tulsa-air-and-space-museum|title=Discovery Center Launched At Tulsa Air And Space Museum|access-date=13 October 2016|work=Times Record|publisher=GateHouse Media, LLC|date=27 April 2014|archive-date=May 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524022559/http://swtimes.com/features/entertainment/discovery-center-launched-tulsa-air-and-space-museum|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* N292AA (cn 49304) – MD-82 is on static display at the Carolina Children's Museum in [[Carolina, Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Avión|url=http://www.museodelninocarolina.com/index.php/exhibiciones/avion.html|website=Museo del Nino|publisher=Museo del Niño de Carolina|access-date=27 August 2017|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121044305/http://museodelninocarolina.com/index.php/exhibiciones/avion.html|archive-date=21 January 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* N491AA (cn 49684) – MD-82 owned by [[Oklahoma State University]] and located at the [[Stillwater Regional Airport]] in [[Stillwater, Oklahoma]].{{Cn|date=September 2024}} It is used by the university's School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering as part of its education programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=American Airlines delivers retired MD-80 to OSU for hands-on learning, STEM study|url=http://news.okstate.edu/articles/american-airlines-delivers-retired-md-80-osu-hands-learning-stem-study|website=News and Information|publisher=Oklahoma State University|access-date=13 October 2016|date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
* N948TW (cn 49575) is an MD-83 preserved by the Tristar Experience organization at [[Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport]] in [[Kansas City, Missouri]]. It is displayed as it appeared in service with [[Trans World Airlines]] in a special reversed-color "Wings of Pride" livery in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tristarexperience.org/md83/|title=MD83 – TriStar Experience|website=www.tristarexperience.org|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=August 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807124247/https://www.tristarexperience.org/md83/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airlinereporter.com/2015/08/wings-of-pride-a-twa-plane-that-was-nearly-forgotten/|title=Wings of Pride: A TWA Plane that was Nearly Forgotten|date=August 7, 2015}}</ref>
* I-SMEL (cn 49247) – a former [[Meridiana]] MD-82 is displayed at the [[Volandia|Volandia Park and Flight Museum]] in [[Milan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airteamimages.com/mcdonnell-douglas-md-80_I-SMEL_meridiana_300812.html|title=McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (I-SMEL) Aircraft Pictures & Photos - AirTeamImages.com|website=www.airteamimages.com}}</ref>

==Specifications==
{{Overly detailed|section|nosplit=1|details=per [[WP:AIRMOS]], this section should cover the specifications of only a single variant|date=June 2025}}
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-82 v1.0.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Comparison of DC-9, Boeing 717 and different MD-80 versions]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Airplane characteristics<ref name=Airport_report>{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/md80.pdf |title= MD-80 Series Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= Dec 1989 |publisher= McDonnell Douglas}}</ref>
! Variant !! MD-81/82/83/88 !! MD-87
|-
![[Cockpit]] crew
| colspan=2 | Two
|-
! 1-[[Class rating|class]] seats<ref name=StartupBoeing>{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/md80-passenger.pdf |title= MD-80 |date= Aug 31, 2007 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref>
| 155Y @32-33" (max 172)
| 130Y @31-33" (max 139)
|-
! 2-class seats<ref name=StartupBoeing/>
| 143: 12J @ 36" + 131Y@ 31-34"
| 117: 12J+105Y
|-
! Length
| {{cvt|147|ft|10|in|m|2|lk=on}}
| {{cvt|130|ft|5|in|m|2}}
|-
! Wing data
| colspan=2| {{cvt|107|ft|8|in|m|2}} span, {{cvt|1209|sqft|m2|1}} area, [[wing aspect ratio|aspect ratio]]: {{#expr:107.67/(1209/107.67)round1}}
|-
![[Empennage|Tail]] height
| {{cvt|29|ft|7|in|m|2}}
| {{cvt|30|ft|4|in|m|2}}
|-
! Width
| colspan=2 | 131.6 in / 334.3&nbsp;cm fuselage, {{#expr:(61.7-0.45)*2}} in / {{#expr:(156.7-1.1)*2}} cm cabin
|-
![[Payload|Cargo]]
| {{cvt|1253|cuft|m3|1|lk=on}} <br />-83/88: {{cvt|1013|cuft|m3|1}}
| {{cvt|938|cuft|m3|1}}
|-
! Empty weight
| {{cvt|77900|-|79700|lb|kg|-2|lk=on}}
| {{cvt|73300|lb|kg|-2}}
|-
! [[Maximum take-off weight]] (MTOW)
| -81: {{cvt|140000|lb|kg|-2}}<br />-82: {{cvt|149500|lb|kg|-2}} <br />-83/88: {{cvt|160000|lb|kg|-2}}
| {{cvt|140000|-|149500|lb|kg|-2}}
|-
![[Fuel tank|Fuel capacity]]
| colspan=2 |{{cvt|5850|USgal|L|lk=on}} -83/88: {{cvt|7000|USgal|L}}
|-
![[Jet engine|Engines]] (×2)
| colspan=2| [[Pratt & Whitney JT8D|Pratt & Whitney JT8D-200 series]]
|-
![[Thrust]] (×2)
| colspan=2| {{cvt|18500|-|21000|lbf|kN|lk=on}}
|-
! Long-range [[Cruise (aeronautics)|cruise]]
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|0.76|Mach|altitude_ft=30000|knots km/h mph|0}}<ref name=FI20001031p68>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Flight International]] |title=Commercial aircraft |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/2000/2000-1%20-%201624.PDF |page=68 |date=31 October – 6 November 2000}}</ref>
|-
! High-speed cruise
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|0.8|Mach|altitude_ft=30000|knots km/h mph|0|lk=on}}<ref name=StartupBoeing/>
|-
![[Range (aeronautics)|Range]]{{efn|ISA, 200nm alt + 45 mn LRC reserves}}
| -81: {{cvt|1800|nmi}} @ 137 pax<br />-82: {{cvt|2050|nmi}} @ 155 pax<br />-83/88: {{cvt|2550|nmi}} @ 155 pax
| {{cvt|2400|-|2900|nmi}}
|-
![[Takeoff]]{{efn|MTOW, sea level, [[International standard atmosphere|ISA]]}}
| {{cvt|7,200|-|8,000|ft|m}}
| {{cvt|7,500|ft|m}}
|}
{{Notelist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation|United States}}
{{aircontent
|see also=<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
* [[Airstair]]
|related=<!-- designs that were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
* [[McDonnell Douglas C-9]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90]]
* [[Boeing 717]]
* [[Comac ARJ21]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- aircraft that are of similar role, era, and capability as this design: -->
* [[Airbus A320]]
* [[Boeing 737-400]]
|lists=<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
* [[List of jet airliners]]
* [[List of civil aircraft]]
* [[List of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 operators]]
<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more explanation of these fields. -->
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Footnotes===
{{NoteFoot}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* Becher, Thomas. ''Douglas Twinjets, DC-9, MD-80, MD-90 and Boeing 717''. [[Crowood Press]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-86126-446-1}}.
* Michell, Simon. ''Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994–95'' Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1994. {{ISBN|0-7106-1208-7}}.
* [[John W. R. Taylor|Taylor, John W. R.]] ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83''. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. {{ISBN|0-7106-0748-2}}.
* Taylor, John W. R. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data, 1988. {{ISBN|0-7106-0867-5}}.
* Thisdell, Dan and Fafard, Antoine. "World Airliner Census". ''Flight International'', Volume 190, No. 5550, 9–15 August 2016. pp.&nbsp;20–43. {{ISSN|0015-3710}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.boeing.com/history/products/md-80-and-md-90-commercial-transport.page Historical Snapshot MD-80 and MD-90]
* {{cite web |title=The McDonnell Douglas DC-9 Super 80 Configuration Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/dc9super80configurationguide |date=January 1981 |author=[[McDonnell Douglas Corporation]]}}

{{McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family}}
{{Douglas airliners}}
{{McDonnell Douglas timeline}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mcdonnell Douglas MD-80}}
[[Category:McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]
[[Category:1980s United States airliners]]
[[Category:McDonnell Douglas aircraft|MD-080]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]