View source for Meredith Monk

{{short description|American composer, director, filmmaker, and choreographer}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Meredith Monk
| image             = Meredith Monk - On Behalf of Nature - Brooklyn Academy of Music (15989689161).jpg
| caption           = Monk in 2014
| image_size        = 
| birth_name        = Meredith Jane Monk
| alias             = 
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1942|11|20}}
| birth_place       = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], US
| instrument        = 
| genre             = [[Avant-garde music|Avant-garde]]
| years_active      = 1968–present
| label             = 
| website           = meredithmonk.org
}}

'''Meredith Jane Monk''' (born November 20, 1942)<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/meredith-monk-mn0000406733|title=Meredith Monk Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> is an American [[composer]], [[Performing arts|performer]], [[Film director|director]], [[vocalist]], [[filmmaker]], and [[choreographer]]. From the 1960s onwards, Monk has created multi-disciplinary works which combine music, [[theatre]], and [[dance]], recording extensively for [[ECM Records]].<ref name="AMG"/> In 1991, Monk composed ''[[Atlas (opera)|Atlas]]'', an opera, commissioned and produced by the [[Houston Grand Opera|Houston Opera]]'' '' and the [[American Music Theater Festival]]. Her music has been used in films by the [[Coen Brothers]] (''[[The Big Lebowski]]'', 1998) and [[Jean-Luc Godard]] (''Nouvelle Vague'', 1990 and ''[[Notre musique]]'', 2004). [[Trip hop]] musician [[DJ Shadow]] sampled Monk's "[[Dolmen Music]]" on the song "[[Midnight in a Perfect World]]". In 2015, she was awarded the [[List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts|National Medal of Arts]] by [[Barack Obama]].

==Early life==
Meredith Monk was born to businessman Theodore Glenn Monk (1909–1998) and singer Audrey Lois Monk (''née'' Audrey Lois Zellman; 1911–2009), in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="Meredith Monk">{{cite web|title=Meredith Monk|url=http://www.meredithmonk.org/about/bio.html|website=Meredith Monk's official website|access-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Meredith-Monk-birth-record">Citing "Meredith J. Monk". DOB: 20 November 1942. [[Manhattan]], [[New York City|New York]]. Certificate Number 35634. (accessible ''via'' [[Ancestry.com]], subscription required)</ref> Her mother, a professional singer of popular and classical music known under the stage name of Audrey Marsh, was herself the daughter of professional musicians: the [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jewish]] bass-baritone Joseph B. Zellman, and Rose (Kornicker) Zellman, a concert pianist of [[History of the Jews in Germany|German Jewish]] background from Philadelphia.<ref name=NYArchive>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.nypl.org/mus/20395|title=Audrey Marsh papers|website=Archives.nypl.org|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> Meredith has a sister, Tracy (born 1948).<ref name=NYArchive/> Monk has a bachelor's degree from [[Sarah Lawrence College]], where she studied composition with then-graduate student and [[Alwin Nikolais]] dancer [[Beverly Schmidt Blossom]].

At the age of three, Monk was diagnosed with [[strabismus]] and her mother signed her up to a [[Dalcroze eurhythmics]] programme, a technique which integrates music with movement. Monk says that it "has influenced everything I've done. It's why dance and movement and film are so integral to my music. It's why I see music so visually."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/mar/22/meredith-monk-composer-performer-bjork-voice|title='I feel like an aesthetic mother to Björk' – the amazing Meredith Monk on composing with growls, gasps, chirrups and yodels|website=www.theguardian.com|date=22 March 2022 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
Meredith Monk is primarily known for her vocal innovations, including a wide range of [[extended techniques]], which she first developed in her solo performances prior to forming her own ensemble. In December 1961, she appeared at the Actor's Playhouse in [[Greenwich Village]] (NYC) as a solo dancer in an [[off-Broadway]] children's musical theater adaptation of [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', entitled ''[[Scrooge (musical)|Scrooge]]'' (music and lyrics by Norman Curtis; directed and choreographed by Patricia Taylor Curtis).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitalinberlin.de/meredith-monk-documentary/|title=D/B Video Feature: Meredith Monk Documentary|date=2010-02-24|work=Digital in Berlin|access-date=2017-03-11|language=de-DE}}</ref> In 1964, Monk graduated from [[Sarah Lawrence College]] after studying with [[Beverly Schmidt Blossom]], and in 1968 she founded The House, a company dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach to performance. Monk's performances have influenced many artists, including [[Bruce Nauman]], whom she met in [[San Francisco]] in 1968.

In 1978, Monk formed <i>The Meredith Monk & Vocal Ensemble</i> <ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.meredithmonk.org/about/vocal-ensemble/th-monk-documentary/|title=Meredith Monk & Vocal ensemble|access-date=2024-07-06}}</ref> (modeled after similar ensembles of musical colleagues, such as [[Steve Reich]] and [[Philip Glass]]), to explore new and wider vocal textures and forms, which often were contrasted with [[Minimalism|minimal]] instrumental textures. Monk began a long-standing relationship with the [[Walker Art Center]] of [[Minneapolis]], which continues to showcase her work to this day. During this period Monk recorded ''[[Dolmen Music]]'' (1979), her first album released on [[Manfred Eicher]]'s record label [[ECM (record label)|ECM]], in 1981.

In the 1980s, Monk wrote and directed two films, ''Ellis Island'' (1981), and ''Book of Days'' (1988).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://laurel.lso.missouri.edu:2083/iii/encore/record/C__Rb22269528__SPonder,%20Jerry.__P0,24__Orightresult__X1;jsessionid=948E9337A8FFE2738652AB19BEF72860?lang=eng&suite=mobum-sso|title=Meredith Monk : Ellis Island, Book of days, interview [videorecording]|website=Laurel.lso.missouri.edu|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> These developed from her idea; "One day during summer of 1984, as I was sweeping the floor of my house in the country, the image of a young girl (in black and white) and a [[medieval]] street in the [[Jews in the Middle Ages|Jewish community]] (also in black and white) came to me." Monk tells this account in the liner notes of the ECM-recording. Apart from the film, different versions exist of this piece. Two are for the concert hall, and an album, produced by Meredith Monk and Manfred Eicher, is "a film for the ears."
[[File:Meredith Monk - Assorted Audio Cassette Tapes 02.jpg|thumb|Cassettes of various Meredith Monk performances]]
In the early 1990s, Monk composed an opera called ''[[Atlas (opera)|Atlas]]'', which premiered in [[Houston, Texas]], in 1991.<ref name="AM">Grimshaw, Jeremy. [http://www.allmusic.com/composition/atlas-an-opera-in-3-parts-for-18-voices-large-ensemble-mc0002418040 "Atlas, an opera in 3 parts for 18 voices & large ensemble"]. [[AllMusic]]. Retrieved 6 July 2013.</ref> She has also written pieces for instrumental ensembles and [[symphony orchestra]]s. Her first symphonic work was ''Possible Sky'' (2003). It was followed by ''Stringsongs'' (2004) for string quartet, which was commissioned by the [[Kronos Quartet]]. In 2005, events were held all over the world in celebration of the 40th anniversary of her career, including a concert in [[Carnegie Hall]] featuring [[Björk]], [[Terry Riley]], [[DJ Spooky]] (who sampled Monk on his album ''[[Drums of Death (album)|Drums of Death]]''), [[Ursula Oppens]], [[Bruce Brubaker (musician)|Bruce Brubaker]], [[John Zorn]], and the new music ensembles [[Alarm Will Sound]] and [[Bang on a Can]] All-Stars, along with the [[Pacific Mozart Ensemble]]. Meredith Monk has been [[Artist-in-residence|composer in residence]] for [[Carnegie Hall]], concluding in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/arts/music/review-meredith-monk-ends-carnegie-hall-run-with-mystery-and-mastery.html|title=Review: Meredith Monk Ends Carnegie Hall Run With Mystery and Mastery|last=Fonseca-wollheim|first=Corinna Da|date=2015-05-03|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2017-03-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In an interview, Monk said that her favourite music includes Brazilian music, especially [[Caetano Veloso]]'s recordings, the music by [[Mildred Bailey]] ("the great jazz singer from the ‘30s and ‘40s"), and [[Béla Bartók|Bartók]]'s cycle for piano ''[[Mikrokosmos (Béla Bartók)|Mikrokosmos]]''.

== Honors and legacy ==
[[File:Meredith Monk.jpg|thumb|Meredith Monk in ''Speaking portraits'']]
Monk has won numerous awards, including a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] and the [[Creative Capital]] Award in the discipline of Performing Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://creative-capital.org/projects/view/248 |title=Creative Capital - Investing in Artists who Shape the Future |access-date=2016-06-02 |archive-date=2016-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624064428/http://creative-capital.org/projects/view/248 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has also been a [[MacDowell Colony|MacDowell]] Fellow six times (1987, 1988, 1994, 1996, 2001, Winter 2007). She has been awarded honorary Doctor of Arts degrees from [[Bard College]], the [[University of the Arts (Philadelphia)]], the [[Juilliard School]], the [[San Francisco Art Institute]] and the [[Boston Conservatory]]. In 1979, the [[Supersisters]] trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Monk's name and picture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/12535055/original-roster|title=Supersisters: Original Roster|last=Wulf|first=Steve|date=2015-03-23|publisher=Espn.go.com|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref> In 1985, Monk won an [[Obie Award | Obie Award for Sustained Excellence]] for her contributions to the off-Broadway community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.obieawards.com/events/1980s/year-85/|title=1985 Awards|website=Obieawards.com|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>

In 2007, she received in Italy the [[Demetrio Stratos]] International Award for musical experimentation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejassociates.org/pdf/pr_MeredithMonk08-09.pdf |title=COAST TO COAST MONK|access-date=2009-03-15 |website=Ejassociates.org |location=New York City, N.Y. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726020629/http://www.ejassociates.org/pdf/pr_MeredithMonk08-09.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.teatro.org/rubriche/opera_da_tre_soldi_2011/meredith_monk_di_scena_la_musica_totale_9141
 |title        = Meredith Monk: di scena la musica totale
 |date         = 2007-06-02
 |work         = Articles
 |publisher    = Teatro.org
 |language     = it
 |access-date   = 2011-08-26
 |archive-url  = https://archive.today/20130113085557/http://www.teatro.org/rubriche/opera_da_tre_soldi_2011/meredith_monk_di_scena_la_musica_totale_9141
 |archive-date = 2013-01-13
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> On September 10, 2015, US President [[Barack Obama]] presented Monk with a [[National Medal of Arts]], the highest honor in the United States specifically given for achievement in the arts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dwyer |first=Colin |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/10/439200712/a-medal-for-a-king-and-for-many-of-americas-greatest-living-artists |title=A Medal For A King — And For Many Of America's Greatest Living Artists |publisher=National Public Radio |date=2015-09-10 |access-date=2015-09-13}}</ref> Monk was given [[The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ugwu|first1=Reggie|title=Meredith Monk Wins the Gish Prize|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/arts/music/meredith-monk-wins-the-gish-prize.html?smid=fb-share|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=20 November 2017|date=18 September 2017}}</ref>

Her music was used in films by [[David Byrne]] (''[[True Stories (film)|True Stories]]'', 1986), the [[Coen Brothers]] (''[[The Big Lebowski]]'', 1998), [[Jean-Luc Godard]] (''Nouvelle Vague'', 1990 and ''[[Notre musique]]'', 2004), and in ''[[The Rapture (1991 film)|The Rapture]]'' (1991).<ref>{{Citation|last1=Rogers|first1=Mimi|title=The Rapture|date=1991-10-04|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102757/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd|last2=Carson|last3=Bauchau|last4=Elkins|first2=Darwyn|first3=Patrick|first4=Marvin|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> Hip hop artist [[DJ Shadow]] sampled "Dolmen Music" on the song "[[Midnight in a Perfect World]]" (''[[Endtroducing.....]]'', 1995). French singer [[Camille (French singer)|Camille]] paid an explicit homage to Meredith in her song "The Monk" (''[[Music Hole]]'', 2008) which in its construction also evoked Monk's work. In 2014, her music was also featured in the [[HBO]] series ''[[True Detective]]''.

==Works==
{{Div col}}

===Instrumental works===
*''Plainsong for Bill's Bojo'' electric organ (1971)
*''Paris'' for solo piano (1972)
*''Ellis Island'' for two pianos (1986)
*''Window in 7's'' for solo piano (1986)
*''Parlour Games'' for two pianos (1988)
*''Phantom Waltz'' for two pianos (1990)
*''St. Petersburg Waltz'' for solo piano (1994)
*''Steppe Music'' for solo piano (1997)
*''Clarinet Study #4'', for solo [[clarinet]] (1999)
*''Cello Study #1'' for solo [[cello]] and voice (1999)
*''Trumpet Study #1'' for solo [[trumpet]] (1999)
*''[[Possible Sky]]'' for orchestra and voices (commissioned by [[Michael Tilson Thomas]] for the [[New World Symphony Orchestra|New World Symphony]], 2003)
*''[[Stringsongs]]'' for [[string quartet]] (commissioned by the [[Kronos Quartet]], 2004)

===Vocal works===
*''16 Millimeter Earrings'' for voice, [[guitar]] and tapes (1966)
*''Blueprint: Overload/Blueprint 2'' for solo voice, echoplex and tape (1967)
*''Dying Swan with Sunglasses'' (1967)
*''Blueprint (3), (4)'' (1968)
*''Co-op'' (1968)
*''Juice: A Theater Cantata'' for 85 voices, [[Jew's harp]] and two violins (1969)
*''Needle-Brain Lloyd and the Systems Kid'' for 150 voices, electric organ, guitar and flute (1970)
*''Vessel: An Opera Epic'' for 75 voices, [[electronic organ]], [[Hammered dulcimer|dulcimer]] and [[accordion]] (1971)
*''Paris'' for piano, unaccompanied vocal duo (1972)
*''Our Lady of Late'' for solo voice and [[wine glass]] (1972)
*''Education of the Girlchild: an Opera'' for 6 voices, electric organ and piano (1972–73)
*''Chacon'' for 25 voices, piano and percussion (1974)
*''Anthology and Small Scroll'' for solo voice, piano and soprano recorder (1975)
*''Venice/Milan'' for 15 voices and piano four hands (1976)
*''Quarry: An Opera'' for 38 voices, 2 [[pump organ]]s, 2 soprano [[recorder (musical instrument)|recorder]]s, tape (1976)
*''Songs from the Hill'' for unaccompanied solo voice (1976)
*''Tablet'' for 4 voices, piano four hands, 2 soprano recorders (1976)
*''The Plateau Series'' for 5 voices and tape (1977) 
*''Recent Ruins'' for 14 voices, piano and 2 electric organs (1979)
*''Dolmen Music'' for 6 voices, cello, [[percussion]] (1979)
*''[[Turtle Dreams]] (Waltz)'' for 4 voices and 2 electric organs (1980)
*''Specimen Days'' for 14 voices, piano and 2 electric organs (1981)
*''View No. 2'' for solo voice and piano (1982)
*''Tokyo Cha-Cha'' for 6 voices and 2 electric organs (1983)
*''2 Men Walking'' for 3 voices and electric organs (1983)
*''The Games'' for 16 voices, [[synthesizer]], keyboards, [[doedelzak|Flemish bagpipes]], [[bagpipe]]s, [[Chinese horn]] and [[rauschpfeife]] (1983)
*''Astronaut Anthem'' for chorus [[a cappella]] (1983)
*''Panda Chant I'' for 4 voices (1984)
*''Panda Chant II'' for 8 voices (1984)
*''Graduation Song'' for 16 voices (1984)
*''City Songs'' (1984)
*''[[Book of Days (Meredith Monk album)|Book of Days]]'' for 25 voices, synthesizer, [[piano]] or 7 voices, synthesizer (Chamber Version) (1985) recorded for [[ECM (record label)|ECM]]
*''Scared Song'' song for solo voice, synthesizer and piano (1986)
*''I Don't Know'' song for solo voice and piano (1986)
*''Double Fiesta'' solo voice and 2 pianos (1986)
*''String'' unaccompanied solo voice (1986) 
*''Duet Behavior'' for 2 voices (1987)
*''The Ringing Place'' for 9 voices (1987)
*''Cat Song'' for solo voice (1988)
*''Processional'' for solo piano and voice (1988)
*''Light Songs'' for solo voice (1988)
*''Fayum Music'' for voice, hammered dulcimer, double ocarina (1988)
*''Book of Days (film score)'' for 10 voices, cello, shawm, synthesizer, hammered dulcimer, bagpipe and [[hurdy-gurdy]] (1988)
*''[[Atlas (opera)|Atlas]]: An Opera in Three Parts'' for 18 voices 2 keyboards, clarinet, bass clarinet, sheng, bamboo sax, 2 violins, viola, 2 cellos, French horn, percussion, shawm (1991)
*''Three Heavens and Hells'' for 4 voices (1992)
*''Volcano Songs (Duet)'' for 2 voices (1993)
*''St. Petersburg Waltz'' for solo piano and 2 voices (1993)
*''New York Requiem'' for solo voice and piano (1993)
*''Volcano Songs (Solo)'' for solo voice, voice with taped voices and piano (1994)
*''American Archaeology #1: Roosevelt Island'' for 9 voices, organ, bass, medieval drum and shawm (1994)
*''Star Trek: Envoy'' for composing/directing/performing in the Den-Kai/Krikiki Ensemble (1995)
*''Nightfall'' for 16 voices (1995)
*''The Politics of Quiet'' for 10 voices, 2 keyboards, [[French horn|horn]], [[violin]], [[bowed psaltery]] (1996)
*''Magic Frequencies'' for 6 voices, 2 keyboards, percussion, theremin and violin (1998)
*''Cello Study #1'' solo cello and voice (1999)
*''Eclipse Variations'' for 4 voices, esraj, sampler, recorded in surround sound, commissioned by [[Starkland]] (2000)
*''Micki Suite'' for 4 voices (2000)
*''mercy'' for 7 voices, 2 keyboards, percussion, multiple woodwinds, violin (2001)
*''When There Were Work Songs'' for vocal ensemble (2002, commissioned by the [[Western Wind Vocal Ensemble]])
*''Last Song'' for solo voice and piano (2003)
*''impermanence (part 1)'' for 8 voices, piano, keyboard, [[marimba]], [[vibraphone]], percussion, violin, multiple woodwinds, [[bicycle wheel]] (2004)
*''Night'' for 8 voices, bowed psaltry, chamber orchestra (1996/2005)
*''impermanence (part 2)'' for 8 voices, piano, keyboard, marimba, vibraphone, percussion, violin, woodwinds and bicycle wheel (2006)
*''Songs of Ascension'' for vocal ensemble, woodwinds, percussion, shrutis and string quartet (2006, commissioned by the Kronos Quartet, with [[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]])
*''Basket Rondo'' for 6 voices (2007), commissioned by the [[Western Wind Vocal Ensemble]]
*''Weave'' for solo voices, chorus and orchestra (2010, commissioned by [[Grand Center]] Inc and the [[Los Angeles Master Chorale]])
*''Quilting'' for 9 voices (2011)
*''On Behalf of Nature'' for 8 voices, violin, keyboards, French horn, clarinet, bass and contrabass clarinet, wooden flutes, vibraphone, marimba and percussion (2013)
{{Div col end}}

==Discography==
* ''[[Key (Meredith Monk album)|Key]]'' (Increase Records, 1971 / Lovely Music, 1977 and 1995)
* ''[[Our Lady of Late]]'' (Minona Records, 1973 / wergo, 1986)
* ''[[Songs from the Hill/Tablet]]'' (wergo, 1979)
* ''[[Dolmen Music]]'' (ECM, 1981)
* ''[[Turtle Dreams]]'' (ECM, 1983)
* ''[[Do You Be]]'' (ECM, 1987)
* ''Book of Days'' (ECM, 1990)
* ''Facing North'' (ECM, 1992)
* ''[[Atlas: An Opera in Three Parts]]'' (ECM, 1993)
* ''Volcano Songs'' (ECM, 1997)
* ''[[mercy (Meredith Monk album)|Mercy]]'' (ECM, 2002)
* ''[[Impermanence (Meredith Monk album)|Impermanence]]'' (ECM, 2008)
* ''[[Beginnings (Meredith Monk album)|Beginnings]]'' (Tzadik, 2009), compositions from 1966 to 1980
* ''[[Songs of Ascension]]'' (ECM, 2011)
* ''[[Piano Songs]]'' (ECM, 2014)
* ''On Behalf Of Nature'' (ECM, 2016)
* ''Memory Game'' (Cantaloupe, 2020)
* ''Cellular Songs'' (ECM, 2025)

==Films==
* 1983 — ''[[Turtle Dreams]]'' - Public access film.
* 1989 — ''Book of Days''. Director and co-writer with Tone Blevins.
* 1993 — ''The Sensual Nature of Sound: 4 Composers – Laurie Anderson, Tania León, Meredith Monk, Pauline Oliveros''. Directed by Michael Blackwood.
* 1983 — ''Four American Composers'' "Meredith Monk." Directed by [[Peter Greenaway]].
* 1996 — ''Speaking of Dance: Conversations With Contemporary Masters of American Modern Dance''. No. 22: Meredith Monk. American Dance Festival. Directed by Douglas Rosenberg.
* 2020 – ''ECM50 | 1981 – Meredith Monk: "Dolmen Music"'', short documentary about Meredith Monk's work for ECM Records, dir. Ingo J. Biermann, 2020, 21 min.<ref name="ECM50">{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/482838443|title=ECM50 – 1981 Meredith Monk "Dolmen Music" (2020)|website=[[Vimeo]]|date=23 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* 2025: ''[[Monk in Pieces]]'', a documentary film<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202503759.html |title=Monk in Pieces |work=Berlinale |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.meredithmonk.org/ Meredith Monk's official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140307162939/http://www.trovar.com/ECM/ECM.php?artist=Monk Meredith Monk on ECM Records]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071124114459/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9372467/Meredith-Monk Meredith Monk]. [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].
* {{cite web |title=Meredith Monk |work=[[Boosey & Hawkes]] |url=http://www.boosey.com/pages/cr/composer/composer_main.asp?composerid=4913}}
*[http://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/archivalcollections/pdf/musmonk.pdf Meredith Monk Archive, 1959-2006] Music Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
* {{cite web |title=A Performance Art Pioneer, With Friends |first=Bernard |last=Holland |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940CE7D7143EF93BA35752C1A9639C8B63 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2005-11-08}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/meredith-monk-composer-first/ |work=NewMusicBox |title=Meredith Monk: Composer First |first=Frank J. |last=Oteri |author-link=Frank J. Oteri |date=2000-04-01}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.gregsandow.com/monk3.htm |first=Greg |last=Sandow |title=The Struggle for Form |work=[[The Village Voice]] |date=1984-10-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430204513/http://www.gregsandow.com/monk3.htm |archive-date=2004-04-30 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/arts/reviews/story/0,,1397617,00.html |title=Kronos Quartet |first=Tom |last=Service |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2005-01-25}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.newmusicbox.org/article.nmbx?id=4422 |title=Our Lady of Late |first=Molly |last=Sheridan |work=New Music Box |date=2005-11-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201402/http://www.newmusicbox.org/article.nmbx?id=4422 |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.commonground.ca/iss/0511172/cg172_monk.shtml |title=Meredith Monk: magician of the voice |first=Bob |last=Turner |work=Common Ground |date=November 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107004618/http://www.commonground.ca/iss/0511172/cg172_monk.shtml |archive-date=2005-11-07 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080405230618/http://www.vdb.org/smackn.acgi$artistdetail?MONKM Meredith Monk] in the [http://www.vdb.org/ Video Data Bank]
*[http://musicmavericks.publicradio.org/features/rafiles/interviews/interview_monk.ram Meredith Monk interview]
*[https://archive.org/audio/audio-details-db.php?collection=naropa&collectionid=Meredith_Monk_performance__July__75P123  Meredith Monk performs ''Our Lady of Late'', for solo voice, wine glass, and percussion, July 23, 1975, Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics, Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120406070916/http://danceinteractive.jacobspillow.org/dance/meredith-monkthe-house?ref=artist&refcar=%2Fartist%2Fm-n Archive film of Meredith Monk/The House performing Magic Frequencies in 1998 at Jacob's Pillow]
*[https://thehousefoundation.bandcamp.com/music Meredith Monk Bandcamp Page]

{{Meredith Monk}}
{{National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monk, Meredith}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American classical composers]]
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[[Category:21st-century American singers]]
[[Category:21st-century American women singers]]
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[[Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people]]
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[[Category:Postmodern composers]]
[[Category:Sarah Lawrence College alumni]]
[[Category:American women opera composers]]
[[Category:The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize winners]]