View source for Messier 86

{{Short description|Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| image = Beacon of Light Messier 86.jpg
| caption = Galaxy Messier 86 in Virgo, imaged by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
| credit = 
| name = [[Messier object|Messier]] 86
| type = S0(3)/E3<ref name="ned">
{{cite web
 | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
 | work=Results for NGC 4406
 | url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=M86&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES
 | access-date=2006-11-14
}}</ref>
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| ra = {{RA|12|26|11.7}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|+12|56|46}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = [[1 E23 m|52 ± 3]] [[light-year|Mly]] (15.9 ± 1.0 [[parsec|Mpc]])<ref name="jensenetal2003">
{{cite journal
 | author=Jensen, Joseph B. | display-authors=4 | author2=Tonry, John L. | author3=Barris, Brian J. | author4=Thompson, Rodger I. | author5=Liu, Michael C. | author6=Rieke, Marcia J. | author7=Ajhar, Edward A. | author8=Blakeslee, John P.
 | date=2003
 | title=Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations
 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 | volume=583 | issue=2 | pages=712–726
 | bibcode=2003ApJ...583..712J
 | doi=10.1086/345430
|arxiv = astro-ph/0210129 | s2cid=551714 }}</ref>
| z = −0.000814 ± 0.000017 (−244 ± 5 km/[[second|s]])<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 8.9<ref>{{cite web |url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m086.html |title=Messier 86 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}</ref>
| size_v = 8.9{{prime}} × 5.8{{prime}}<ref name="ned" />
| constellation name = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
| notes = displays a rare [[blue shift]]
| names =  [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 4406,<ref name="ned" /> [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 7532,<ref name="ned" /> [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 40653,<ref name="ned" /> VCC 0881<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''Messier 86''' (also known as '''M86''' or '''NGC 4406''') is a bright [[elliptical galaxy|elliptical]] or [[lenticular galaxy]] in the constellation of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It was discovered by [[Charles Messier]] in 1781. M86 lies in the heart of the [[Virgo Cluster|Virgo Cluster of galaxies]] and forms a most conspicuous group with another large galaxy known as [[Lenticular Galaxy M84|Messier 84]]. It displays the highest [[blue shift]] of all Messier objects, as it is, net of its [[proper motion|other vectors of travel]], approaching the [[Milky Way]] at 244&nbsp;km/s.  This is due to both galaxies falling roughly towards the center of the Virgo cluster from opposing ends.<ref name="Jacobyetal2005">
{{cite journal
 | last1=Jacoby | first1=G. H.
 | display-authors=4
 | last2=Kenney | first2=G. H.
 | last3=Tal | first3=J. D. P.
 | last4=Crowl | first4=H. H.
 | last5=Feldmeier | first5=J. J.
 | date=2005
 | title=Imaging and Spectroscopy of Large Scale H-alpha Filaments in M86
 | journal=[[Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society]]
 | volume=37 | pages=1392
 | bibcode=2005AAS...20713806J
}}</ref>

Messier 86 has a rich array of [[globular cluster]]s, with a total number of around 3,800.<ref name="Harris1991">{{cite web |title=Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies Beyond the Local Group. |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Harris/Harris2.html#Table%201 |access-date=2012-07-21 |publisher=NASA-IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)}}</ref> Its [[galactic halo|halo]] also has a number of [[Stellar stream#Stellar streams|stellar streams]] interpreted as remnants of [[dwarf galaxy|dwarf galaxies]] that have been disrupted and absorbed by this galaxy.<ref name="Janowiecki2010">
{{cite journal |author=Janowiecki, Steven |author2=Mihos, J. Christopher |author3=Harding, Paul |author4=Feldmeier, John J. |author5=Rudick, Craig |author6=Morrison, Heather |display-authors=4 |date=2010 |title=Diffuse Tidal Structures in the Halos of Virgo Ellipticals |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=715 |issue=2 |pages=972–985 |arxiv=1004.1473 |bibcode=2010ApJ...715..972J |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/972 |s2cid=119196248}}</ref>

Messier 86 is linked by several filaments of ionized gas to the severely disrupted [[spiral galaxy]] [[Eyes Galaxies|NGC 4438]], indicating that M86 may have stripped some gas and [[interstellar dust]] from the spiral.<ref>
{{cite journal
 |display-authors=6
 |author=Gomez, H. L.
 |author2=Baes, M.
 |author3=Cortese, L.
 |author4=Smith, M. W. L.
 |author5=Boselli, A.
 |author6=Ciesla, L.
 |author7=Bendo, G. J.
 |author8=Pohlen, M.
 |author9=di Serego Alighieri, S.
 |author10=Auld, R.
 |author11=Barlow, M. J.
 |author12=Bock, J. J.
 |author13=Bradford, M.
 |author14=Buat, V.
 |author15=Castro-Rodriguez, N.
 |author16=Chanial, P.
 |author17=Charlot, S.
 |author18=Clements, D. L.
 |author19=Cooray, A.
 |author20=Cormier, D.
 |author21=Davies, J. I.
 |author22=Dwek, E.
 |author23=Eales, S.
 |author24=Elbaz, D.
 |author25=Galametz, M.
 |author26=Galliano, F.
 |author27=Gear, W. K.
 |author28=Glenn, J.
 |author29=Griffin, M.
 |author30=Hony, S.
 |author31=Isaak, K. G.
 |author32=Levenson, L. R.
 |author33=Lu, N.
 |author34=Madden, S.
 |author35=O'Halloran, B.
 |author36=Okumura, K.
 |author37=Oliver, S.
 |author38=Page, M. J.
 |author39=Panuzzo, P.
 |author40=Papageorgiou, A.
 |author41=Parkin, T. J.
 |author42=Perez-Fournon, I.
 |author43=Rangwala, N.
 |author44=Rigby, E. E.
 |author45=Roussel, H.
 |author46=Rykala, A.
 |author47=Sacchi, N.
 |author48=Sauvage, M.
 |author49=Schirm, M. R. P.
 |author50=Schulz, B.
 |author51=Spinoglio, L.
 |author52=Srinivasan, S.
 |author53=Stevens, J. A.
 |author54=Symeonidis, M.
 |author55=Trichas, M.
 |author56=Vaccari, M.
 |author57=Vigroux, L.
 |author58=Wilson, C. D.
 |author59=Wozniak, H.
 |author60=Wright, G. S.
 |author61=Zeilinger, W. W.
 |date=2010
 |title=A Spectacular Hα Complex in Virgo: Evidence for a Collision between M86 and NGC 4438 and Implications for the Collisional ISM Heating of Ellipticals
 |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
 |volume=518 |pages=L45
 |id=L45
|doi =10.1051/0004-6361/201014530 |bibcode =2010A&A...518L..45G|arxiv = 1005.1597 |s2cid=14563125
 }}</ref> It is also suffering [[ram-pressure stripping]] as it moves at high speed through Virgo's [[intracluster medium]], losing its [[interstellar medium]] and leaving behind a very long trail of [[X-ray|X ray]]-emitting hot gas that has been detected with the help of the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory|Chandra]] space telescope.<ref>
{{cite journal
 |author=Randall, S.
 |author2=Nulsen, P.
 |author3=Forman, W. R.
 |author4=Jones, C.
 |author5=Machacek, M.
 |author6=Murray, S. S.
 |author7=Maughan, B.
 |display-authors=6
 |date=2008
 |title=Chandra's View of the Ram Pressure Stripped Galaxy M86
 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal
 |volume=518 
 |issue=1
 |pages=208–223
 |doi =10.1086/592324 
 |bibcode =2008ApJ...688..208R|arxiv = 0806.0866 |s2cid=15688704
 }}</ref> The metal composition of [[magnesium]], [[silicon]] and [[sulfur]] in the M86 galaxy is more similar to the rest of the [[universe]] than its own [[stellar population]]. This suggests that even ram pressure stripping is insufficient to strip the inner parts of the galaxy.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=2504.17581 |last1=Kara |first1=Sinancan |last2=Mernier |first2=François |last3=Werner |first3=Norbert |last4=Nihal Ercan |first4=E. |title=A non-uniform metal distribution in the ram-pressure-stripped circumgalactic medium of M86 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2025 |volume=542 |issue=3 |pages=2323–2344 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staf1364 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

__NOTOC__

==See also==
* [[List of Messier objects]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://messier.seds.org/m/m086.html SEDS Lenticular Galaxy M86]
* {{WikiSky}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}
{{Catalogs|M=86|NGC=4406|UGC=7532|PGC=40653}}
{{Virgo}}
{{Messier objects}}
{{NGC objects: 4001-5000}}
{{Sky|12|26|11.7|+|12|56|46|52300000}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Messier 086}}
[[Category:Lenticular galaxies]]
[[Category:Virgo Cluster]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Messier objects|086]]
[[Category:NGC objects]]
[[Category:UGC objects|07532]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|40653]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1781]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Charles Messier]]