View source for Michael Snow

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Canadian artist (1928–2023)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name             = Michael Snow
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|RCA|size=100%}}
| image            = Michael_Snow.jpg
| image_size       = 250px
| caption          = Snow in 2007
| birth_name       = Michael James Aleck Snow 
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1928|12|10}}
| birth_place      = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2023|1|5|1928|12|10}}
| death_place      = Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| field            = [[Installation artist]], filmmaker, painter
| training         = [[Ontario College of Art]]
| movement         = [[Structural film]]
| works            = ''[[Wavelength (1967 film)|Wavelength]]'' (1967)<br>''[[Back and Forth (film)|<---->]]'' (1969)<br>''[[La Région Centrale]]'' (1971)<br>''[[Flight Stop]]'' (1979)<br>''[[*Corpus Callosum]]'' (2002)
| patrons          = 
| influenced by    = 
| influenced       = 
| awards           = {{awd|[[Order of Canada|Officer, Order of Canada]]|1981|}} {{awd|[[Order of Canada|Companion, Order of Canada]]|1997}}{{awd|[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier d'ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France]]|1995}} {{awd|[[Governor General's Award|Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts]]|2000}} {{awd|[[Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne|Honorary Doctorate, Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne]]|2004}} {{awd|[[Université du Québec à Chicoutimi|Honorary Doctorate, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi]]|2016}}
| spouse           = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Joyce Wieland]]|1956|1976|end = divorced}}|{{marriage|Peggy Gale|1990}}}}
| children         = 1
}}

'''Michael James Aleck Snow''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|RCA|size=100%}} (December 10, 1928 – January 5, 2023) was a Canadian artist who worked in a range of media including film, installation, sculpture, photography, and music. His best-known films are ''[[Wavelength (1967 film)|Wavelength]]'' (1967) and ''[[La Région Centrale]]'' (1971), with the former regarded as a milestone in [[experimental film|avant-garde cinema]].

==Life==
Michael James Aleck Snow was born in [[Toronto]] on December 10, 1928.<ref name="langford " /> He studied at [[Upper Canada College]] and the [[Ontario College of Art & Design|Ontario College of Art]].<ref name = Hoberman >{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/06/arts/michael-snow-dead.html|title = Michael Snow, Prolific and Playful Artistic Polymath, Is Dead at 94|last = Hoberman|first = J.|authorlink = J. Hoberman|date = January 6, 2023|accessdate = January 6, 2023|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|url-access = limited}}</ref> He had his first solo exhibition in 1957. Snow exhibited with the [[Avrom Isaacs|Isaacs Gallery]] in Toronto throughout the 1960s, becoming even more involved with the gallery upon his return to Toronto in 1971.<ref name=":0" >{{cite book|last1=Bassnett |first1=Sarah |last2=Parsons |first2=Sarah |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/photography-in-canada-1839-1989/key-photographers/michael-snow/ |title=Photography in Canada, 1839–1989: An Illustrated History |publisher=Art Canada Institute |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-4871-0309-5 |publication-place=Toronto |language=en}}</ref> In the early 1960s Snow moved to New York with his wife, artist [[Joyce Wieland]], where they remained for nearly a decade.  For Snow this move resulted in a proliferation of creative ideas and connections and his work increasingly gained recognition. He returned to Canada in the early 1970s "an established figure, multiply defined as a visual artist, a filmmaker, and a musician."<ref name="langford " >{{cite book | first=Martha | last=Langford | title=Michael Snow: Life and Work | publisher=Art Canada Institute | date=2014 | page=6 | url=http://www.aci-iac.ca/content/art-books/18/Art-Canada-Institute_Michael-Snow.pdf | access-date=October 27, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227103004/http://www.aci-iac.ca/content/art-books/18/Art-Canada-Institute_Michael-Snow.pdf | archive-date=December 27, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

His work has appeared at exhibitions across Europe, North America and South America. Snow's works were included in the shows marking the reopening of both the [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Centre Pompidou]] in Paris in 2000 and the [[Museum of Modern Art|MoMA]] in New York in 2005. In March 2006, his works were included in the [[Whitney Biennial]].<ref name="langford " />

Snow's first wife was fellow artist [[Joyce Wieland]], whom he married in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.herartstory.com/joyce-wieland/|title = Joyce Wieland|website = Her Art Story|accessdate = January 6, 2023}}</ref> The couple moved to New York City in 1963, but they moved back to Toronto about a decade later and divorced in 1976.<ref name = Hoberman/> In 1990, he married curator and writer [[Peggy Gale]], and they had one son.<ref name = Hoberman/> He was the uncle of filmmaker and video artist [[Su Rynard]].<ref>Jay Stone, "Director brings her vision to town". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', March 24, 2000.</ref>

Snow died from pneumonia in Toronto on January 5, 2023, at the age of 94.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arinola |first=Lawal |date=January 6, 2023 |title=Michael Snow, Canadian artist artist dies at 95 |url=https://snbc13.com/michael-snow-canadian-artist-artist-dies-at-95/ |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=SNBC13.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name = Hoberman/> His papers are in the E.P. Taylor Research Library & Archives, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fonds |url=https://ago.ca/sites/default/files/SC052.pdf |website=ago.ca |publisher=E.P. Taylor Research Library & Archives, Art Gallery of Ontario |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

==Work==

===Films===
Snow is considered one of the most influential [[experimental film]]makers of all time. [[Annette Michelson]], in writing about Snow, his 1967 film ''Wavelength'', and his films in general, speaks of the impact of Snow's films, placing viewers in a "position to more fully understand the particular impact of Snow's filmic work from 1967 on, to discern the reasons for the large consensus given" to ''Wavelength'' when it was honoured with the Grand Prize at the 1967 Experimental Film Festival ''EXPRMNTL 4'' in [[Knokke]], [[Belgium]], and that "''Wavelength'', [appears] as a celebration of the 'apparatus' and a confirmation of the status of the subject, and it is in those terms that we may begin to comprehend the profound effect it had upon the broadest spectrum of viewers...."<ref name="michelson " >Michelson, "About Snow" ''October'' Vol. 8 (Spring, 1979): 118.</ref> ''Wavelength'' has been the subject of numerous [[retrospective]]s internationally. Film scholar Scott MacDonald says of Snow that "[f]ew filmmakers have had as large an impact on the recent avant-garde film scene as Canadian Michael Snow, whose ''Wavelength'' is probably the most frequently discussed 'structural' film."<ref>Scott MacDonald, "''So Is This'' by Michael Snow" ''Film Quarterly'' Vol. 39, No. 1 (Autumn, 1985): 34.</ref>

''Wavelength'' has been designated and preserved as a masterwork by the [[Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avtrust.ca/masterworks/2006/en_film_1.htm|title=Academia Vita Trust|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210856/http://avtrust.ca/masterworks/2006/en_film_1.htm|archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> and was named #85 in the 2001 ''[[Village Voice]]'' critics' list of the 100 Best Films of the 20th Century .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |title=100 Best Films - Village Voice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174817/http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |archive-date=March 31, 2014 }}</ref>

Snow's films have premiered in film festivals worldwide and five of his films have premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] (TIFF).{{CN|date=January 2023}} In 2000, TIFF commissioned Snow, along with [[Atom Egoyan]] and [[David Cronenberg]], to make a series of short films collectively titled ''Preludes'', for the 25th Anniversary of the festival.{{CN|date=January 2023}}

In his ''[[Village Voice]]'' review of Snow's 2002 film ''[[*Corpus Callosum]]'', [[J. Hoberman]] writes that Snow's films are "[r]igorously predicated on irreducible cinematic facts [and] Snow's structuralist epics—''[[Wavelength (1966 film)|Wavelength]]'' and ''[[La Région Centrale]]''—[announce] the imminent passing of the film era. Rich with new possibilities, ''*Corpus Callosum'' heralds the advent of the next. Whatever it is, it cannot be too highly praised." ''*Corpus Callossum'' was screened at the [[Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto]], Berlin, Rotterdam, and Los Angeles film festivals amongst others. In January 2003, Snow won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]'s Douglas Edwards Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award for ''*Corpus Callosum''.<ref name="la film " >{{cite web|url=http://www.lafca.net/years/2002.html|title=28th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|publisher=[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]|date=2002|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-date=August 4, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804062223/http://www.lafca.net/years/2002.html|url-status=dead}} Tied with [[Kenneth Anger]] "for his body of work".</ref>

===Music===
Originally a professional jazz musician, Snow has a long-standing interest in improvised music, as indicated by the soundtrack to his film ''New York Eye and Ear Control''. As a pianist, he has performed solo and with other musicians in North America, Europe and Japan. Snow performed regularly in Canada and internationally, often with the improvisational music ensemble [[CCMC (band)|CCMC]] and has released more than a half dozen albums since the mid-1970s.<ref name="burnett " >{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-snow/ |title=Michael Snow |last=BURNETT |first=DAVID |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |language=en |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/michael-snow|title=Michael Snow: Life & Work|last=Martha|first=Langford|publisher=Art Canada Institute|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4871-0004-9}}</ref> In 1987, Snow issued ''The Last LP'' ([[Art Metropole]]), which purported to be a documentary recording of the dying gasps of ethnic musical cultures from around the globe including [[Tibet]], [[Syria]], India, China, Brazil, [[Finland]] and elsewhere, with thousands of words of pseudo-scholarly supplementary notes, but was, in fact, a series of multi-tracked recordings of Snow himself, who gave the joke away only in a single column of text in the disc's gatefold jacket, printed backwards and readable in a mirror.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mag.magentafoundation.org/10/features/michael-snow |title=Recto/Verso: Michael Snow on the page and on the record |website=mag.magentafoundation.org |language=en |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>  One track, purported to be a document of a coming-of-age ritual from Niger, is a pastiche of [[Whitney Houston]]'s song "[[How Will I Know]]."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theontarion.com/2015/04/michael-snow-a-retrospective/ |title=Michael Snow – a Retrospective – The Ontarion |website=www.theontarion.com |date=April 2, 2015 |language=en-CA |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bytownsound.ca/event/afternoon-michael-snow-jesse-stewart-record-centre/ |title=An afternoon with Michael Snow and Jesse Stewart @ Record Centre |date=November 30, 2017 |website=Bytown Sound |language=en-US |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>

Snow, with [[Richard Serra]], [[James Tenney]] and [[Bruce Nauman]], performed [[Steve Reich]]'s ''[[Pendulum Music]]'' on May 27, 1969 at the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2008/lookingatmusic/snow.html |title=MoMA.org|website=www.moma.org |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/ohm/reich.html |title=Steve Reich interview- Pendulum Music |last=Remus |first=Uncle |website=www.furious.com |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>

===Other media===
[[Image:TorontoEatonCentre.jpg|thumb|left|Interior of the Eaton Centre showing one of Michael Snow's best known sculptures ''Flight Stop'', which depict [[Canada goose|Canada geese]] in flight.]]

Before Snow moved to New York in 1963,<ref name = Hoberman/> he began a long-term project that for six years would be his trademark: the Walking Woman. [[Martha Langford]] in ''Michael Snow: Life & Work'' describes this work as employing a single form that offered an infinite number of creative possibilities, the figure itself perceived variably as "a positive (a presence to be looked at) and a negative (an absence to be looked through)."<ref name="langford " /> His 1962 work ''Four to Five'' consisted of a grid of photographs of the Walking Woman placed in Toronto streets and subway stations, inviting the viewer to consider how public space transforms the sculpture.<ref name=":0" />

Langford identifies duality as a guiding principle in Snow’s work. By combining materials and methods Snow creates hybrid objects that often defy classification.<ref name="langford " /> A work which exemplifies Snow's testing of stylistic boundaries is his 1979 installation ''[[Flight Stop]]'' (also titled ''Flightstop''), a [[Site-specific art|site-specific]] work in Toronto's [[Toronto Eaton Centre|Eaton Centre]] mall, which looks like a sculptural representation of sixty geese, but is in fact an intricate combination of fibreglass forms and photographs of a single goose.<ref name="langford " />

In 1982, Snow sued the corporate owner of the Toronto Eaton Centre for violating his moral rights by altering ''Flight Stop''. In the landmark case [[Snow v Eaton Centre Ltd]], the [[Ontario High Court of Justice]] affirmed the artist's right to the integrity of their work. The operator of the Toronto Eaton Centre was found liable for violating Michael Snow's moral rights by putting Christmas bows on the work.<ref name="langford " /><ref>(1982), 70 CPR (2d) 105.</ref>

Snow's works have been in Canadian pavilion at world fairs since his ''Walking Women'' sculpture was exhibited at [[Expo 67]] in Montréal.{{CN|date=January 2023}} He was chosen to represent Canada at the [[Venice Biennale]] in 1970; this was the first solo exhibition held at the Biennale's [[Canadian pavilion|Canadian Pavilion]].<ref name=":0" /> His bookwork ''BIOGRAPHIE of the Walking Woman / de la femme qui marche 1961-1967'' (2004) was published in Brussels by La Lettre vole. It consists of images of the public appearances of his globally famous icon.{{CN|date=January 2023}}

''Anarchive2: Digital Snow'' describes Michael Snow as "one of the most significant artists in contemporary art and cinema of the past 50 years." This 2002 DVD was initiated by Paris' [[Centre Pompidou]] and was produced with the support of la foundation Daniel Langlois, [[Université de Paris]], Heritage Canada, the [[Canada Council]], Téléfilm Canada and Montreal’s Époxy. It is an encyclopedia of Snow's works across media, browsed in a manner inimitably and artfully created by Snow. Its 4,685 entries include film clips, sculpture, photographs, audio and musical clips, and interviews.{{CN|date=January 2023}}

==Retrospectives and honours==
[[Image:Suspension bridge over railway tracks SkyDomeRogersCentre.JPG|thumb|In the background you can see multiple stadium sculptures on the eastern side of Skydome [[Rogers Centre]].]]
[[File:Tree at Rogers.jpg|thumb|Michael Snow's sculpture 'Red, Orange and Green' (1992) at [[Rogers Building (Canada)]]]]

In 1993, The Michael Snow Project, lasting several months, was a multivenue retrospective of Snow’s works in Toronto exhibited at several public venues and at the [[Art Gallery of Ontario]] and The Power Plant. Concurrently his works were the subjects of four books published by Alfred A. Knopf Canada. Snow has shown internationally in both galleries and cinemas, including a [[retrospective]] of his work at the [[British Film Institute]], London where his celluloid works were shown in the cinemas and his digital works in the gallery (The [[BFI Gallery]]). The project, titled 'Yes Snow Show', took place in 2009 and was co-curated by Elisabetta Fabrizi and Chris Meigh-Andrew.<ref>Fabrizi, Elisabetta 'The BFI Gallery Book', BFI, London 2011.</ref>

In 1981, he was made an Officer of the [[Order of Canada]] and was promoted to Companion in 2007 "for his contributions to international visual arts as one of Canada's greatest multidisciplinary contemporary artists".<ref name="gg " >{{cite web|title=Governor General Announces New Appointments to the Order of Canada |work=Governor General of Canada |url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=5252 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080101192548/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=5252 |archive-date=January 1, 2008 }}</ref> In 2000, he was one of the seven first winners of the Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GGArts Winner Archives |url=https://en.ggarts.ca/the-awards/winner-archives |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts |language=en}}</ref>

In 2004, the [[University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne|Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne]] awarded him an honorary doctorate.<ref name="langford " /> In 2006, Lima's Museum of Art (MALI) held a selective retrospective exhibition as well as a screening of his films in Peru, as part of the Vide/Art/Electronic Festival.{{CN|date=January 2023}}

===Honorary degrees===
Université de Paris I,<ref name="langford " /> Panthéon-Sorbonne (2004), [[Emily Carr Institute]], Vancouver (2004) [[Nova Scotia College of Art and Design]], Halifax (1990), [[University of Toronto]] (1999), [[University of Victoria]] (1997), [[Brock University]] (1975).<ref name="burnett " />

===Academic appointments===
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
* Visiting Artist/Professor at MAPS (Master of Art in Public Sphere), Ecole Cantonale d'Art du Valais, Sierre, Switzerland (February 2005, January 2006)
* Visiting Artist/Professor at L'école Nationale Supérieure d'Art de Bourges, France (December 2004, May 2005)
* Visiting Artist/Professor, École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 2001
* Visiting Artist/Professor, le Fresnoy, Tourcoing France, 1997-1998
* Visiting Professor, l'Ecole Nationale de la Photographie, Arles France, 1996
* Visiting Professor, Princeton University, 1988
* Professor of Advanced Film, Yale University, 1970
* CCMC artists in residence, La Chartreuse, Avignon Festival, France, 1981

===Other awards===
* [[Gershon Iskowitz Prize]], 2011<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/michael-snow-wins-40k-iskowitz-prize-1.1109550 | title=Michael Snow wins $40K Iskowitz Prize | access-date=June 6, 2011 | work=CBC News | date=June 6, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award]] for Independent/Experimental Film and Video Award for "*Corpus Callosum", 2002<ref name="la film " />
* Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal, 2002{{CN|date=January 2023}}
* [[Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts|Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts]], 2000, first recipient<ref name="gg " /><ref name="burnett " />
* Chevalier de l'ordre des arts et des lettres, France, 1995<ref name="burnett " />
* [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award]] for Independent/Experimental Film and Video Award for "So Is This", 1983{{CN|date=January 2023}}
* Guggenheim Fellowship, 1972<ref name="burnett " />
* Grand Pix of the Knokke Experimental Film Festival for "Wavelength", 1967<ref name="michelson " />
* Member, [[Royal Canadian Academy of Arts]]<ref name=RCA1880>{{cite web|title=Members since 1880 |url=http://www.rca-arc.ca/en/about_members/since1880.asp |publisher=Royal Canadian Academy of Arts |access-date=September 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526215339/http://www.rca-arc.ca/en/about_members/since1880.asp |archive-date=May 26, 2011 }}</ref>

==Major installations==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
* "The Windows Suite" is a permanent installation consisting of 32 varied sequences of images, which are presented on 65" plasma screens in 7 of the windows of the façade of the Toronto Pantages Hotel and Spa and related condo buildings facing Victoria Street in central Toronto. Some of these sequences one might possibly glimpse in the windows of a sophisticated hotel, condo, spa and parking garage building, but many sequences are "impossible," e.g. in one sequence fish swim from window to window. This installation was opened as an official event of the Toronto International Film Festival September 2006.
* ''[[Flight Stop]]'' - [[Toronto Eaton Centre]] a collection of life sized [[Canada geese]] in flight hanging over the main section of the mall. In 1982, the installation was the subject of a leading Canadian court decision on [[Moral rights (copyright law)|moral rights]], ''[[Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.]]''
* ''The Audience'' (1989) - SkyDome (now [[Rogers Centre]] in Toronto) is a collection of larger than life depictions of fans located above the northeast and northwest entrances. Painted gold, the sculptures show fans in various acts of celebration.

==Filmography==
[[Image:Rogers Centre 02.JPG|thumb|'''The Audience''' sculpture adorning the facade on the northwest corner of [[Rogers Centre]] stadium in Toronto.  This photo only shows half of the art installation.  The other set is located above the north east corner of the building, and is of similar size and configuration.]]
* ''A to Z'' (1956)<ref>[https://vimeo.com/480142817 Michael Snow, A to Z, 1956 officially posted by Art Canada Institute on Vimeo]</ref>
* ''New York Eye and Ear Control'' (1964)
* ''Short Shave'' (1965)
* ''[[Wavelength (1967 film)|Wavelength]]'' (1967)
* ''Standard Time'' (1967)
* ''One Second in Montreal'' (1969)
* ''Dripping Water'' (with [[Joyce Wieland]], 1969)
* ''[[Back and Forth (film)|<---->]]'' or ''Back and Forth'' (1969)
* ''Side Seat Paintings Slides Sound Film'' (1970)
* ''[[La Région Centrale]]'' (1971)
* ''Two Sides to Every Story'' (double 16mm installation, 1974)
* ''"Rameau's Nephew" by Diderot (Thanx to Dennis Young) by Wilma Schoen'' (1974)
* ''Breakfast (Table Top Dolly)'' (1976)
* ''Presents'' (1981)
* ''So Is This'' (1982)
* ''Seated Figures'' (1988)
* ''See You Later'' (1990)
* ''To Lavoisier, Who Died in the Reign of Terror'' (1991)
* ''[[Preludes (film series)|Prelude]]'' (2000)
* ''The Living Room'' (2000)
* ''Solar Breath'' (2002)
* ''[[*Corpus Callosum]]'' (2002)
* ''WVLNT ("Wavelength For Those Who Don't Have the Time")'' (2003)
* ''Triage'' (2004), with Carl Brown
* ''SSHTOORRTY'' (2005)
* ''Reverberlin'' (2006)
* ''Puccini Conservato'' (2008)
* ''[[Cityscape (2019 film)|Cityscape]]'' (2019)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bassnett, Sarah; Parsons, Sarah. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/photography-in-canada-1839-1989/key-photographers/michael-snow/ Photography in Canada, 1839–1989: An Illustrated History.]'' Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2023. {{ISBN|978-1-4871-0309-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=King |first1=James |title=Early Snow |date=2020 |publisher=Figure 1 and Art Gallery of Hamilton |location=Victoria, BC and Hamilton |isbn=9781773270982|url=https://library.gallery.ca/search~S1?/aking%2C+james/aking+james/1%2C2%2C11%2CB/frameset&FF=aking+james+++++1942&1%2C%2C10 |access-date=25 July 2025}}
* Martha Langford. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/michael-snow Michael Snow: Life & Work]''. Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-4871-0002-5}}
* Annette Michelson. "Toward Snow: Part 1." Artforum, Vol. 9, no. 19 (June 1971): 30–37.
* Jim Shedden, ed. Presence and Absence: The Films of Michael Snow 1956–1991, The Michael Snow Project. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 1995.
* P. Adams Sitney. "Michael Snow’s Cinema," in Michael Snow /A Survey: 79–84. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario in collaboration with the [[Avrom Isaacs|Isaacs Gallery]], 1970.
* Michael Snow, ed. 1948–1993: Music/Sound, The Michael Snow Project. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, The Power Plant, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 1993.

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500012551 Michael Snow, Union List of Artist Names]
* {{IMDb name|0811296|Michael Snow}}
* {{discogs artist|Michael Snow}}
* [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-snow Article at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090502071045/http://www.northernstars.ca/directorsmz/snow.html Michael Snow] at Northernstars.ca
* [http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/snow_dossier.html The Michael Snow Dossier] at ''Offscreen''
* [http://filmstudiesforfree.blogspot.de/2009/10/michael-snow-video-and-links.html Film Studies For Free: Michael Snow], 2009
* [https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2246 Digital Snow DVD-Rom: Now on the Web (fondation-langlois.org)], Daniel Langlois Foundation, 2021
* {{cite magazine|url=https://nuvomagazine.com/magazine/autumn-2019/canadas-eminent-contemporary-artist-michael-snow-is-still-going-strong|title=Canadian contemporary artist Michael Snow is still going strong|last=Kelly|first=Deirdre|magazine=Nuvo|date=September 9, 2019|access-date=October 19, 2019}}
* [https://snbc13.com/michael-snow-canadian-artist-artist-dies-at-95/ Michael Snow, Canadian artist dies at 95]

{{Michael Snow}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Snow, Michael}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian painters]]
[[Category:20th-century sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian sculptors]]
[[Category:Artists from Toronto]]
[[Category:Canadian collage artists]]
[[Category:Canadian conceptual artists]]
[[Category:Canadian contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Canadian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Canadian experimental filmmakers]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian male painters]]
[[Category:Canadian male sculptors]]
[[Category:Canadian multimedia artists]]
[[Category:Canadian photographers]]
[[Category:Canadian sculptors]]
[[Category:Canadian video artists]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Ontario]]
[[Category:Emily Carr University of Art and Design alumni]]
[[Category:Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts winners]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts]]
[[Category:Upper Canada College alumni]]