View source for Mikoyan MiG-29

{{Short description|Soviet twin-engine jet fighter aircraft}}
{{Redirect|MiG-29}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= MiG-29
 |image= File:VVS 100th IMG 0691 (7727464290) (cropped).jpg
 |caption= A Russian Air Force MiG-29S
 |type= [[Air superiority fighter]], [[multirole fighter]]
 |national_origin= Soviet Union
 |manufacturer =
 |design_group= [[Mikoyan]]
 |first_flight= 6 October 1977
 |introduction= August 1983
 |retired =
 |status= In service
 |produced= 1981–2019
 |primary_user= [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on numbers in their fleets (see Operators section).-->
 |more_users= [[Indian Air Force]] <br />[[Bangladesh Air Force]] <br />[[Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces]] <br />[[Ukrainian Air Force]]<!-- Standards call for only THREE (3) 'more users' lines. The top FOUR (4) users overall listed. Don't add more. See Operators section for all. -->
 |number_built= >1,600<ref>[http://migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family "The MiG-29 fighters family"]. {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150619095035/http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family |date=19 June 2015}}. Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG, 8 December 2014. Retrieved: 19 September 2018.</ref>
 |developed_from =
 |variants= [[Mikoyan MiG-29M]] <br />[[Mikoyan MiG-29K]] <br />[[Mikoyan MiG-35]]
}}

The '''Mikoyan MiG-29''' ({{langx|ru|Микоян МиГ-29}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Fulcrum''') is a [[twinjet|twin-engine]] [[fighter aircraft]] designed in the [[Soviet Union]]. Developed by the [[Mikoyan]] [[design bureau]] as an [[air superiority fighter]] during the 1970s, the MiG-29, along with the larger [[Sukhoi Su-27]], was developed to counter U.S. fighters such as the [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] and the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]].{{Sfn|Gordon|Davison|2005|p= 9}} The MiG-29 entered service with the [[Soviet Air Forces]] in 1983.

While originally oriented towards combat against any enemy aircraft, many MiG-29s have been furnished as [[multirole combat aircraft|multirole fighter]]s capable of performing a number of different operations, and are commonly outfitted to use a range of [[Air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface armaments]] and [[Precision-guided munition|precision munitions]]. The MiG-29 has been manufactured in several major variants, including the multirole [[Mikoyan MiG-29M]] and the navalised [[Mikoyan MiG-29K]]; the most advanced member of the family to date is the [[Mikoyan MiG-35]]. Later models frequently feature improved engines, [[glass cockpit]]s with [[HOTAS]] ("hands-on-throttle-and-stick")-compatible flight controls, modern radar and [[infrared search and track]] (IRST) sensors, and considerably increased fuel capacity; some aircraft have also been equipped for [[aerial refueling]].

Following the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the militaries of multiple [[Post-Soviet states|ex-Soviet republics]] have continued to operate the MiG-29, the largest of them being the [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]. The Russian Aerospace Forces wanted to upgrade its existing fleet to the modernised MiG-29SMT configuration, but financial difficulties have limited deliveries. The MiG-29 has also been a popular export aircraft; more than 30 nations either operate or have operated the aircraft. {{as of|2024}} Flight Global estimates that 809 MiG-29s, of all types, are in service with air forces, making it the 5th most common active fighter.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p. 10.</ref>

==Development==

===Origins===
In the mid-1960s, the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF) encountered difficulties over the skies of Vietnam. Supersonic fighter bombers that had been optimized for low altitude bombing, like the [[F-105 Thunderchief]], were found to be vulnerable to older [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG-17]]s and more advanced MiGs which were much more maneuverable.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.scramble.nl/orbats/vietnam/summary |title= Vietnam summary |website= Scramble |place= NL |access-date= 2 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030653/https://www.scramble.nl/orbats/vietnam/summary |archive-date= 3 February 2019 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In order to regain limited air superiority, the US refocused on air combat using the [[F-4 Phantom]] multirole fighter, while the Soviet Union developed the [[MiG-23]] in response. Towards the end of the 1960s, the USAF started the "F-X" program to produce a fighter dedicated to air superiority, which led to the [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] being ordered for production in late 1969.<ref name=Jenkins_p9-11>Jenkins 1998, pp. 9–11.</ref>

At the height of the [[Cold War]], a Soviet response was necessary to avoid the possibility of the Americans gaining a serious technological advantage over the Soviets, thus the development of a new air superiority fighter became a priority.{{Sfn|Gordon|Davison|2005|p= 9}}  In 1969, the Soviet General Staff issued a requirement for a ''Perspektivnyy Frontovoy Istrebitel'' (''PFI'', roughly "Advanced Frontline Fighter").<ref name=Spick_488_513>Spick 2000, pp. 488–89, 512–13.</ref> Specifications were extremely ambitious, calling for long range, good short-field performance (including the ability to use austere runways), excellent agility, Mach 2+ speed, and heavy armament. The Russian aerodynamics institute [[TsAGI]] worked in collaboration with the [[Sukhoi]] design bureau on the aircraft's aerodynamics.<ref name=Spick_488_513/>

[[File:Soviet MiG-29 DF-ST-99-04977.JPG|thumb|A [[Soviet Air Forces]] MiG-29 parked after a display flight at the [[Abbotsford Air Show]], 1989]]
By 1971, however, Soviet studies determined the need for different types of fighters. The PFI program was supplemented with the ''Perspektivnyy Lyogkiy Frontovoy Istrebitel'' (''LPFI'', or "Advanced Lightweight Tactical Fighter") program; the Soviet fighter force was planned to be approximately 33% PFI and 67% LPFI.{{Sfn|Gordon|Davison|2005|pp= 8–9}} PFI and LPFI paralleled the USAF's decision that created the "Lightweight Fighter" program and the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] and [[Northrop YF-17]].<ref>Correll, John T. [http://www.afa.org/magazine/feb2008/0208reformers.asp "The Reformers."] ''Air Force Magazine Online'', February 2008, pp. 7–9. {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080926205831/http://www.afa.org/magazine/feb2008/0208reformers.asp |date=26 September 2008}}</ref> The PFI fighter was assigned to Sukhoi, resulting in the [[Sukhoi Su-27]], while the lightweight fighter went to Mikoyan. Detailed design work on the resultant Mikoyan ''Product 9'', designated ''MiG-29A'', began in 1974, with the first flight taking place on 6 October 1977. The pre-production [[aircraft]] was first spotted by United States [[reconnaissance satellite]]s in November of that year; it was dubbed ''Ram-L'' because it was observed at the Zhukovsky flight test center near the town of [[Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast|Ramenskoye]].<ref name= "wapj36 p110-1">Lake ''World Air Power Journal'' Volume 36 Spring 1999, pp. 110–11.</ref><ref name="jawa93 p238">Lambert 1993, p. 238.</ref>

The workload split between TPFI and LPFI became more apparent as the MiG-29 filtered into frontline service with the [[Soviet Air Forces]] (Russian: ''Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily'' [VVS]) in the mid-1980s. While the heavy, long range [[Su-27]] was tasked with the more exotic and dangerous role of deep air-to-air sweeps of NATO high-value assets, the smaller MiG-29 directly replaced the [[MiG-23]] in the frontal aviation role.

===Introduction and improvements===
In the West, the new fighter was given the [[NATO reporting name]] "Fulcrum-A" because the pre-production MiG-29A, which should have logically received this designation, remained unknown in the West at that time. The Soviet Union did not assign official names to most of its aircraft, although nicknames were common. Unusually, some Soviet pilots found the MiG-29's NATO reporting name, "[[wikt:fulcrum|Fulcrum]]", to be a flattering description of the aircraft's intended purpose, and it is sometimes unofficially used in Russian service.<ref name= zuyev_fulcrum>[[Aleksandr Zuyev (pilot)|Zuyev, A.]] and Malcolm McConnell. ''Fulcrum: A Top Gun Pilot's Escape from the Soviet Empire''. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Warner Books, 1993. {{ISBN |0-446-36498-3}}.</ref>

The MiG-29 was widely exported in downgraded versions, known as ''MiG-29 9-12A'' for [[Warsaw Pact]] and ''MiG-29 9-12B'' for non-Warsaw Pact nations,{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p= 65}} with less capable [[avionics]] and no capability for delivering [[nuclear weapon]]s.

In the 1980s, [[Mikoyan]] developed the improved MiG-29S to use longer range [[Vympel R-27|R-27E]] air-to-air missiles. It added a dorsal 'hump' to the upper [[fuselage]] to house a [[Radio jamming|jamming]] system and some additional fuel capacity. The weapons load was increased to {{convert|4000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} with airframe strengthening. These features were included in new-built fighters and upgrades to older MiG-29s.{{Sfn |Gordon |Davison |2005 |pp=27-29}}<ref>Eden 2004, pp. 310–321.</ref>

[[File:Mig-29 on landing.jpg|thumb|A Russian Air Force MiG-29UB trainer landing]]
Refined versions of the MiG-29 with improved avionics were fielded by the Soviet Union, but Mikoyan's multirole variants, including a [[aircraft carrier|carrier-based]] version designated [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MiG-29K]], were never produced in large numbers. Development of the MiG-29K carrier version was suspended for over a decade before being resumed; the type went into service with the [[Indian Navy]]'s [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'']], and [[Russian Navy]]'s [[Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier|''Admiral Kuznetsov'' class aircraft carrier]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} Mikoyan also developed improved versions [[Mikoyan MiG-29M|MiG-29M]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29M#Variants|MiG-29SMT]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20140415/189237858/Russian-Air-Force-to-Receive-16-New-MiG-Fighters.html |title=Russian Air Force to Receive 16 New MiG Fighters |date=15 April 2014 |agency= RIA Novosti |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140418080639/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20140415/189237858/Russian-Air-Force-to-Receive-16-New-MiG-Fighters.html |archive-date=18 April 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Gordon|Davison|2005|pp= 30, 34}}

[[File:Kubinka East Ramp. 23-8-2017 (37434151656).jpg|thumb|[[Russian Naval Aviation]]'s various MiG-29s stationed at [[Kubinka (air base)|Kubinka]] alongside the newer and heavier Su-30SM.]]
There have been several upgrade programmes conducted for the MiG-29. Common upgrades include the adoption of standard-compatible avionics, service life extensions to 4,000 flight hours, safety enhancements, greater combat capabilities and reliability.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

===Replacement===
On 11 December 2013, Russian deputy prime minister [[Dmitry Rogozin]] revealed that Russia was planning to build a new fighter to replace the MiG-29. The [[Sukhoi Su-27]] and its derivatives were to be replaced by the [[Sukhoi Su-57]], but a different design was needed to directly replace the lighter MiGs. A previous attempt to develop a MiG-29 replacement, the [[MiG 1.44]] demonstrator, failed in the 1990s.{{citation needed|reason=The MiG 1.44 was a much heavier aircraft; likely intended for a different role to the MiG 29|date=April 2023}} The concept came up again in 2001 with interest from India, but they later opted for a variant of the Su-57. Air Force commanders have hinted at the possibility of a single-engine airframe that uses the Su-57's engine, radar, and weapons primarily for Russian service.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-considers-funding-mig-29-successor-394022/ "Russia considers funding MiG-29 successor"] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217022446/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-considers-funding-mig-29-successor-394022/ |date=17 December 2013}} - Flightglobal.com, 11 December 2013</ref> This has since been revealed to be the [[Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate]]. Meanwhile, in Russian service, the MiG-29 has been largely replaced by the [[Sukhoi Su-30|Sukhoi Su-30SM]], representing a loss in market share of the MiG-29 series to the [[Sukhoi Su-27|Sukhoi heavier platforms]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Design==
[[File:Mig-29UB.jpg|thumb|MiG-29UB of the [[Swifts (aerobatic team)|Swifts aerobatic team]]]]

Sharing its origins in the original PFI requirements issued by [[TsAGI]], the MiG-29 has broad aerodynamic similarities to the [[Sukhoi Su-27]], but with some notable differences.  The MiG-29 has a mid-mounted [[swept wing]] with blended [[leading edge extension|leading-edge root extensions]] (LERXs) swept at around 40°; there are swept tailplanes and two vertical fins, mounted on booms outboard of the engines. Automatic [[Leading edge slats|slats]] are mounted on the [[leading edge]]s of the wings; they are four-segment on early models and five-segment on some later variants. On the [[trailing edge]], there are maneuvering flaps and wingtip [[aileron]]s.<ref name="books.google.com.eg">{{cite book |title= Russia Air Force Handbook |date= 7 February 2007 |page= 180 |isbn= 978-1-4330-4115-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt2ZaOilGXIC |access-date= 10 January 2016 |archive-date= 5 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200205224846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt2ZaOilGXIC |url-status= live|publisher= International Business Publications|place= USA }}</ref>

The MiG-29 has hydraulic controls and a SAU-451 three-axis autopilot but, unlike the Su-27, no fly-by-wire control system. Nonetheless, it is very agile, with excellent instantaneous and sustained turn performance, [[Angle of attack|high-alpha]] capability, and a general resistance to spins.  The airframe consists primarily of aluminum with some composite materials,{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|pp= 55, 57|ps =: "Indeed, on the first thirty production aircraft the inlet ducts, engine cowlings, leading-edge flaps, control surfaces, wingtips, fuselage spine, detachable upper fin sections and numerous access panels were made of composites, not to mention the radome and dielectric fin caps concealing communications aerials." Composites failed during testing and service. "In the end only composite fins, radome and access panels remained."}} and is stressed for up to 9&nbsp;g (88&nbsp;m/s²) maneuvers.  The controls have "soft" limiters to prevent the pilot from exceeding g and alpha limits, but the limiters can be disabled manually.<ref name= "books.google.com.eg"/>

===Powerplant, performance and range===
{{main|Klimov RD-33}}
[[File:Klimov RD-33 turbofan engine.JPG|thumb|left|[[Klimov RD-33|RD-33]] on display at the [[Luftwaffenmuseum]] of the Bundeswehr]]
[[File:Bangladesh Air Force MiG-29 (15) (cropped).png|thumb|left|A [[Bangladesh Air Force]] MiG-29 inflight with its [[Klimov RD-33]] [[turbofan]] engines on full [[afterburner]] ]]

The MiG-29 has two widely spaced [[Klimov RD-33]] [[turbofan]] engines, each rated at {{convert |50|kN|lbf|sigfig=3}} dry and {{convert |81.3|kN|lbf|sigfig=3}} in [[afterburner (engine)|afterburner]]. The space between the engines generates [[lift (force)|lift]], thereby reducing effective [[wing loading]], hence improving maneuverability. The engines are fed through [[intake ramp]]s fitted under the [[Leading edge extension|leading-edge extensions]] (LERXs), which have variable ramps to allow high-[[Mach number|Mach]] speeds. Due to their relatively short combustor, the engines produce noticeably heavier smoke than their contemporaries. As an adaptation to rough-field operations, the main air inlet can be closed completely and the auxiliary air inlet on the upper fuselage can be used for takeoff, landing and low-altitude flying, preventing [[Foreign object damage|ingestion of ground debris]]. Thereby the engines receive air through louvers on the LERXs which open automatically when intakes are closed. However the latest variant of the family, the [[Mikoyan MiG-35|MiG-35]], eliminated these dorsal louvers, and adopted the mesh screens design in the main intakes, similar to those fitted to the Su-27.<ref>Lake 1987, p. 94.</ref>

The MiG-29 has a ferry range of {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} without external fuel tanks, and {{convert|2100|km|mi|abbr=on}} with external tanks.<ref name="airforce-technology.com">{{cite web |url= http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29/ |title= MiG-29 Fulcrum Fighter Bomber |website=Airforce Technology |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150216191747/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29 |archive-date=16 February 2015 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The internal fuel capacity of the original MiG-29 (Fulcrum-A) is {{convert|4300|L|impgal usgal|abbr= on}} distributed between six internal [[fuel tank]]s, four in the fuselage and one in each wing.{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 341}}  The internal fuel capacity of the MiG-29 (Fulcrum-C) is {{convert|4540|L|impgal usgal|abbr=on}} due to a larger #1 fuselage tank.{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 341}}  For longer flights, this can be supplemented by a {{convert|1500|L|impgal usgal|abbr= on|adj=on}} centreline [[drop tank]] on the Fulcrum-A and two {{convert |1150|L|impgal usgal|abbr=on|adj=on}} underwing drop tanks on later production batches. In addition, newer models have been fitted with port-side [[aerial refueling|inflight refueling]] probes, allowing much longer flight times by using a [[Probe and drogue|probe-and-drogue system]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29/ |title= MiG-29 Fulcrum Fighter Bomber |work= Airforce technology |access-date= 22 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180707062411/https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29/ |archive-date= 7 July 2018 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

===Cockpit===
[[File:MiG-29 cockpit 3.jpg|thumb|upright|MiG-29 cockpit, 1995]]
The cockpit features a conventional [[centre stick]] and left hand throttle controls. The pilot sits in a [[NPP Zvezda|Zvezda]] [[NPP Zvezda K-36|K-36DM]] [[ejection seat]].

The cockpit has conventional dials, with a [[head-up display]] (HUD) and a Shchel-3UM [[helmet mounted display]], but no [[HOTAS]] capability. Emphasis seems to have been placed on making the cockpit similar to the earlier MiG-23 and other Soviet aircraft for ease of conversion, rather than on [[ergonomics]]. Nonetheless, the MiG-29 does have substantially better visibility than most previous Soviet jet fighters, thanks to a high-mounted [[bubble canopy]].  Upgraded models introduce "[[glass cockpit]]s" with modern [[LCD|liquid-crystal]] (LCD) [[multi-function display]]s (MFDs) and true HOTAS.{{Citation needed |date=October 2021}}

===Sensors===
The baseline MiG-29 9.12 has a [[Phazotron]] RLPK-29 [[radar]] [[fire control system]] which includes the {{anchor|N019}}N019 ''Sapfir 29'' [[look-down/shoot-down]] coherent [[pulse-Doppler radar]] and the Ts100.02-02 digital computer.{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 58}}

[[File:German MIG-29 Nose.jpg|thumb|left|MiG-29 nose showing radome and S-31E2 KOLS [[IRST]]]]
The N019 radar was not a new design, but rather a development of the Sapfir-23ML architecture used on the MiG-23ML. During the initial design specification period in the mid-1970s, Phazotron NIIR was tasked with producing a modern radar for the MiG-29. To speed development, Phazotron based its new design on work undertaken by NPO Istok on the experimental "''Soyuz''" radar program. Accordingly, the N019 was originally intended to have a flat [[Planar array radar|planar array]] antenna and full [[digital signal processing]], for a detection and tracking range of at least {{convert |100|km|mi|abbr=on}} against a fighter-sized target. Prototype testing revealed this could not be attained in the required timeframe and still fit within the MiG-29's nose. Rather than design a new radar, Phazotron reverted to a version of the Sapfir-23ML's twisted-polarization [[cassegrain antenna]] and traditional analog signal processors, coupled with a new NII Argon-designed Ts100 digital computer to save time and cost. This produced a working radar system, but inherited the weak points of the earlier design, plaguing the MiG-29's ability to detect and track airborne targets at ranges available with the [[Vympel R-27|R-27]] and [[R-77]] missiles.

[[File:MiG-29 gun.jpg|thumb|MiG-29UB on display, showing gunport]]
The N019 was further compromised by Phazotron designer [[Adolf Tolkachev]]'s betrayal of the radar to the [[CIA]], for which he was executed in 1986. In response to all of these problems, the Soviets hastily developed a modified N019M ''Topaz'' radar for the upgraded ''MiG-29S'' aircraft. However, ''VVS'' was reportedly still not satisfied with the performance of the system and demanded another upgrade. The latest upgraded aircraft, MiG-29M, offered the N010 [[Zhuk radar|''Zhuk-M'']], which has a planar array antenna rather than a dish, improving range, and a much superior processing ability, with multiple-target engagement capability and compatibility with the Vympel R-77 (or RVV-AE).{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 431}}

===Armament===
[[File:Bangladesh Air Force MiG-29 (5) (cropped).png|thumb|[[Bangladesh Air Force]] MiG-29 showing its full underbelly. Note the six underwing [[hardpoint|pylons]] carrying [[Vympel R-27|R-27]] and [[Vympel R-73|R-73]] [[air-to-air missile]]s. The centerline fuel tank is seen with an APU exhaust duct.]]

Armament for the MiG-29 includes a single [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1|GSh-30-1]] {{convert |30|mm|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} cannon in the port wing root. This originally had a 150-round magazine, which was reduced to 100 rounds in later variants, which only allows a few seconds of firing before running out of ammo. Original production MiG-29 aircraft cannot fire the cannon when carrying a centerline fuel tank as it blocks the shell ejection port. This was corrected in the MiG-29S and later versions.

Three [[hardpoint|pylons]] are provided under each wing (four in some variants), for a total of six (or eight). The inboard pylons can carry either a {{convert|1150|L|impgal usgal|abbr=on|adj=on}} fuel tank, one ''Vympel'' [[Vympel R-27|R-27]] (AA-10 "Alamo") medium-range air-to-air missile, or unguided bombs or rockets. Some Soviet aircraft could carry a single nuclear bomb on the port inboard station. The outer pylons usually carry [[Vympel R-73|R-73]] (AA-11 "Archer") dogfight air to air missiles, although some users still retain the older [[Molniya R-60|R-60]] (AA-8 "Aphid").  A single {{convert|1500|L|impgal usgal|abbr=on|adj=on}} tank can be fitted to the centerline, between the engines.{{Citation needed|date= October 2021}}

The US has supplied [[AGM-88 HARM]] missiles to Ukraine. It appears that they are fired from MiG-29s. It was only disclosed after Russian forces showed footage of a tail fin from one of these missiles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pentagon acknowledges sending previously undisclosed anti-radar missiles to Ukraine |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/08/politics/anti-radar-missiles-ukraine-russia-pentagon/ |first=Oren |last=Liebermann |date=2022-08-08 |access-date= 2022-08-09 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220810034252/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/08/politics/anti-radar-missiles-ukraine-russia-pentagon |url-status=live }}</ref>  U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy [[Colin Kahl]] has said this: "I would just point to two things. One, you know, a lot was made about the MiG-29 issue several months ago, not very much has been noticed about the sheer amount of spare parts and other things that we've done to help them actually put more of their own MiG-29s in the air and keep those that are in the air flying for a longer period of time. And then also, in recent PDA [Presidential Drawdown Authority] packages we've included a number of anti-radiation missiles that can be fired off of Ukrainian aircraft. They can have effects on Russian radars and other things."<ref>{{Cite news |title= Anti-Radiation Missiles Sent To Ukraine, U.S. Confirms |url= https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/u-s-confirms-air-launched-anti-radiation-missiles-sent-to-ukraine |first= Joseph |last= Trevithick |date= 2022-08-08 |access-date= 2022-08-10 |work= The Drive |archive-date= 10 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220810072251/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/u-s-confirms-air-launched-anti-radiation-missiles-sent-to-ukraine |url-status= live }}</ref> Soviet era aircraft don't have the computer architecture to accept NATO standard weapons. The interface would be difficult; however with a "crude modification", such as an e-tablet, it would be possible.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anti-Radiation Missiles Sent To Ukraine, U.S. Confirms |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/does-ukraine-now-have-agm-88-high-speed-anti-radiation-missiles |first=Tyler |last=Rogoway |date=2022-08-07 |access-date= 2022-08-10 |work=The Drive |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220810072251/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/does-ukraine-now-have-agm-88-high-speed-anti-radiation-missiles |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Operational history==
While the MiG-29's true capabilities could only be estimated from the time it first appeared In 1977 until the mid-1980s, a combination of persistent intelligence and increasing access afforded by the Soviet foreign sales effort allowed a true appreciation of its capabilities. Early MiG-29s were very agile aircraft, capable of rivaling the performance of contemporary [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F-18]] and [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]] aircraft. However, their relatively low fuel capacity relegated them to short-range air defense missions.  Lacking HOTAS and an inter-aircraft data link, and requiring a very intensive "heads-down" approach to operating cockpit controls, the early MiG-29 denied pilots the kind of [[situational awareness]] routinely enjoyed by pilots operating comparable US aircraft. Analysts and Western pilots who flew examples of the MiG-29 thought this likely prevented even very good pilots from harnessing the plane's full combat capability. Later MiG-29s were upgraded to improve their capabilities.<ref>Sotham, John, "Solved: The mystery of the MiG-29", ''Air & Space'', September 2014, pp. 29–35.</ref>  The Soviet Union exported MiG-29s to several countries. Because 4th-generation fighter aircraft require the pilots to have extensive training, air-defense infrastructure, and constant maintenance and upgrades, MiG-29s have had mixed operational history with different air forces.<ref name=Strat>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20090721.aspx "More MiG Malfunctions."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724150742/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20090721.aspx |date=24 July 2009}} ''Strategy Page'', 21 July 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009.</ref>

===Soviet Union and successor states===
The MiG-29 was first publicly seen in the West when the Soviet Union displayed the aircraft in [[Finland]] on 2 July 1986. Two MiG-29s were also displayed at the [[Farnborough Airshow]] in Britain in September 1988. The following year, the aircraft conducted flying displays at the 1989 [[Paris Air Show]] where it was involved in a non-fatal crash during the first weekend of the show.<ref>Johnson, Reuben F. [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/013/788wbhgw.asp "The Paris Air Show Twenty Years On."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070911022211/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/013/788wbhgw.asp |date= 11 September 2007}} ''Weekly Standard'', 18 June 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2009.</ref> The Paris Air Show display was only the second display of Soviet fighters at an international air show since the 1930s. Western observers were impressed by its apparent capability and exceptional agility. The only combat service of the MiG-29 in Soviet service was in 1987 and 1988, where they were deployed the [[115th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment|115th GvIAP]] to [[Termez Airport|Termez Airfield]] in [[Turkmenistan]] in 1987 to cover for Soviet forces in Afghanistan, especially [[Kabul]]. This proved effective as - sources disagree about whether it was in August or September - four [[Sukhoi Su-17|SU-22M3s]] of the [[Afghan Air Force (1978–1992)|DRAAF]] defected and attempted to bomb the capital but were all shot down within minutes of each other by the Fulcrums.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Ali |first2=Syed Shaiz Ali |date=Oct 29, 2003 |title=Afghanistan, 1979-2001; Part 1 |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_337.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010015745/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_337.shtml |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=ACIG |archive-date=10 October 2014 }}</ref> Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, most of the MiG-29s entered service with the newly formed [[Russian Air Force]].

====Russia====
[[File:Pugachev Cobra.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|The sketch of the MiG-29 performing the [[Supermaneuverability|super maneuver]], the [[Pugachev's Cobra]]]]

In July 1993, two MiG-29s of the Russian Air Force collided in mid-air and crashed away from the public at the [[Royal International Air Tattoo]]. No one on the ground sustained any serious injuries, and the two pilots [[Ejection seat|ejected]] and landed safely.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%201877.html |title=1993–1877 |work= Flight Archive |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher= Flight global |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090656/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%201877.html |archive-date= 6 October 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:MiG-29SMT on the MAKS-2009 (01).jpg|thumb|left|MiG-29SMT at the 2011 MAKS]]
The Russian Air Force grounded all its MiG-29s following a crash in [[Siberia]] on 17 October 2008.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} Following a second crash with a MiG-29 in east Siberia in December 2008,<ref>[http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62151/russian-mig-29-fighter-crashes-in-east-siberia-pilot-dead.html "Russian MiG-29 fighter crashes in East Siberia: Pilot dead."] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090727124734/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62151/russian-mig-29-fighter-crashes-in-east-siberia-pilot-dead.html |date=27 July 2009}} ''The Journal of the Turkish Weekly'', 5 December 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2009.</ref> Russian officials admitted that most MiG-29 fighters in the Russian Air Force were incapable of performing combat duties due to poor maintenance. The age of the aircraft was also an important factor as about 70% of the MiGs were considered to be too old to take to the skies.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} The Russian MiG-29s had not received updates since the collapse of the Soviet Union. On 4 February 2009, the Russian Air Force resumed flights with the MiG-29.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} However, in March 2009, 91 MiG-29s of the Russian Air Force required repair after inspections due to corrosion; approximately 100 MiGs were cleared to continue flying at the time.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/19/324017/corrosion-issue-grounds-one-third-of-russian-air-force-mig-29.html "Corrosion issue grounds one-third of Russian air force MiG-29 fleet."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090322192947/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/19/324017/corrosion-issue-grounds-one-third-of-russian-air-force-mig-29.html |date=22 March 2009}} ''Flight International'', 19 March 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009.</ref><ref>Litovkin, Dmitry. [http://www.izvestia.ru/news/news199808 "У новых истребителей МиГ-29 выявлена коррозия (MiG-29 pilot did everything to his notice)."] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090315030205/http://www.izvestia.ru/news/news199808 |date=15 March 2009}} ''Izvestia'', 23 April 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2009. [https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izvestia.ru%2Fnews%2Fnews199808&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 (English translation).] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921051805/http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izvestia.ru%2Fnews%2Fnews199808&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 |date=21 September 2015}} Google. Retrieved 14 October 2009.</ref> The Russian Aerospace Forces started an update of its early MiG-29s to the more current MiG-29SMT standard,<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/> but financial difficulties prevented delivery of more than three MiG-29 SMT upgrade to the Russian Aerospace Forces.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} Instead, the 35 MiG-29SMT/UBTs rejected by Algeria were bought by the Russian Aerospace Forces.<ref>AirForces Monthly, p. 68.</ref>{{verify source|This cite needs the issue of AFM to be verifiable |date=May 2014}} Russia placed an order for 16 new-build MiG-29SMTs on 15 April 2014, with delivery expected by 2017.<ref>Isby, David C. "16 Additional MiG-29SMTs for Russia". ''[[Air International]]'', June 2014. Vol. 86, No. 6. p. 8.</ref>

On 4 June 2015, a MiG-29 crashed during training in [[Astrakhan]].<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/2015/07/12/russian-fleets-crashing-ukraine-nato-fighter-bomber/29962399/ "Op Tempo, Sustainment Flaws Hit Russian Air Force"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312000517/https://www.defensenews.com/air/2015/07/12/op-tempo-sustainment-flaws-hit-russian-air-force/ |date=12 March 2024 }}. Defense News, 12 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</ref> A month later, another MiG-29 crashed near the village of Kushchevskaya in the Krasnodar region with the pilot safely ejecting.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/07/03/world/europe/ap-eu-russia-military-crash.html "Russian MiG Fighter Crashes in Southern Russia, Pilot Lives"] New York Times, 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</ref> A series of accidents in the Russian Aerospace Forces that happened in 2015 were caused mostly by overall increase of flights and training.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2015/12/151215_russia_air_crashes |title=Военная авиация России переживает всплеск авиапроисшествий |date=15 December 2015 |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160208021643/http://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2015/12/151215_russia_air_crashes |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 20 April 2008, Georgian officials claimed a Russian MiG-29 [[2008 Georgian spy plane shootdowns|shot down a Georgian]] [[Hermes 450]] [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] and provided video footage from the ill-fated drone showing an apparent MiG-29 launching an air-to-air missile at it. Russia denies that the aircraft was theirs and says they did not have any pilots in the air that day. [[Abkhazia]]'s administration claimed its own forces shot down the drone with an [[Aero L-39 Albatros|L-39]] aircraft "because it was violating Abkhaz airspace and breaching ceasefire agreements."<ref>Long, Helen. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7358761.stm "Russia ‘shot down Georgia drone’."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080422003231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7358761.stm |date= 22 April 2008}} BBC, 21 April 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.</ref> UN investigation concluded that the video was authentic and that the drone was shot down by a Russian MiG-29 or Su-27 using an [[Vympel R-73|R-73]] heat seeking missile.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chivers |first=C.J. |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/26/europe/georgia.php |title=Russian jet shot down Georgian spy drone, UN says |access-date=2008-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013141331/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/26/europe/georgia.php |archive-date=13 October 2008}} ''International Herald Tribune'', 26 May 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.</ref>

On 16 July 2014, a Ukrainian Su-25 was shot down, with Ukrainian officials stating that a Russian MiG-29 shot it down using a [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27T]] missile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/sbu-releases-more-conversations-implicating-russia-in-shooting-down-malaysia-airlines-flight-video-transcript-2-356778.html |title=SBU releases more conversations implicating Russia in shooting down Malaysia Airlines flight (Video, Transcript) |work=KyivPost |access-date=4 October 2014 |date=2014-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002230942/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/sbu-releases-more-conversations-implicating-russia-in-shooting-down-malaysia-airlines-flight-video-transcript-2-356778.html |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uacrisis.org/rechnik-rnbo/ |title=Spokesman for National Security and Defense Council Information Center: Malaysian Flight MH-17 was outside the range of Ukraine's surface to air defense systems – Ukraine Crisis Media Center |work=uacrisis.org |access-date=27 April 2015 |date=2014-07-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141128142237/http://uacrisis.org/rechnik-rnbo/ |archive-date=28 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Russia denied these allegations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Rejects 'Absurd' Accusation Over Downed Ukrainian Jet |url= http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140717140524/http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

During the first half of September 2017, the Russian Aerospace Forces deployed some MiG-29SMT multirole combat aircraft to Khmeimim Airbase, near Latakia, in western Syria, becoming the first time the modernized version of the baseline Fulcrum jet was deployed to take part in the Syrian Air War.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theaviationist.com/2017/09/13/russia-has-deployed-its-mig-29smt-multirole-combat-aircraft-to-syria-for-the-very-first-time/ |title=Russia Has Deployed Its MiG-29SMT Multirole Combat Aircraft To Syria For The Very First Time|first=David |last= Cenciotti |date=13 September 2017 |website=theaviationist.com |access-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181214060248/https://theaviationist.com/2017/09/13/russia-has-deployed-its-mig-29smt-multirole-combat-aircraft-to-syria-for-the-very-first-time/ |archive-date= 14 December 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The MiG-29SMT were involved in bombing missions and secondary strategic bombers escort duties.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tass.com/defense/979702 |title=Russia's upgraded MiG-29 fighter jets to test new aircraft armament in Syria|website=TASS |access-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133207/http://tass.com/defense/979702 |archive-date=31 October 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Two Russian MiG-29s operated by [[Wagner Group]] crashed near [[Sirte]], [[Libya]] on 28 June 2020 and on 7 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36365/two-russian-mig-29s-have-crashed-in-libya-according-to-top-american-intel-official|title=Two Russian MiG-29s Have Crashed In Libya According To Top American Intel Official|work=The Drive|date=11 September 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205841/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36365/two-russian-mig-29s-have-crashed-in-libya-according-to-top-american-intel-official|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Ukraine====
{{See also|List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War}}
[[File:181009-Z-VM449-513.jpg|thumb|A [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] MiG-29, 2018]]

In April 2014, during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|Russian invasion of Crimea]], 45 Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29s and 4 L-39 combat trainers were reportedly captured by Russian forces at [[Sevastopol International Airport|Belbek air base]]. Most of the planes appeared to be in inoperable condition. In May, Russian troops dismantled them and shipped them back to Ukraine. On 4 August 2014, the Ukrainian government stated that a number of them had been put back into service to fight in the war in the east of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://theaviationist.com/2014/08/04/mig-29-flight-status/ |title= Ukrainian Mig-29 Fulcrum evacuated from Crimea, back to operational status |work=The Aviationist |access-date=14 November 2014 |date= 2014-08-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141207220355/http://theaviationist.com/2014/08/04/mig-29-flight-status/ |archive-date=7 December 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

During the initial days of the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]] in April 2014, the Ukrainian Air Force deployed some jet fighters over the Donetsk region to perform combat air patrols and show of force flights. Probably due to the limited number of jet fighters available, a MiG-29 belonging to the [[Ukrainian Falcons]] display team was spotted armed with a full air-to-air load and performing a low altitude fly by.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://theaviationist.com/2014/04/16/ukrainian-mig-29-show-of-force/ |title=Ukrainian Mig-29 Fulcrum (in display team livery) performs low pass over pro-Russia separatists |work=The Aviationist |access-date= 14 November 2014 |date=2014-04-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141102191118/http://theaviationist.com/2014/04/16/ukrainian-mig-29-show-of-force/ |archive-date=2 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the evening of 7 August 2014, a Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29MU1, bort number 02 Blue, was shot down by an antiaircraft missile fired by pro-Russian rebels near the town of Yenakievo, and exploded in midair. The pilot ejected safely.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/militants-down-ukrainian-mig-29-in-donetsk-region-crew-ejects-359777.html |title=Militants down Ukrainian MiG-29 in Donetsk region, crew ejects |work= Kyiv Post |access-date=14 November 2014 |date=2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141027033158/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/militants-down-ukrainian-mig-29-in-donetsk-region-crew-ejects-359777.html |archive-date=27 October 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/europe/russia-ukraine-crisis/ |title=Ukraine: Rebel leader resigns; military jet shot down |first1=Nick |last1=Paton Walsh |first2=Jason |last2=Hanna |first3= Catherine E. |last3=Shoichet |date=7 August 2014 |work=CNN |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021212/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/europe/russia-ukraine-crisis/ |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=168283 |title= ASN Aircraft accident 7-Aug-2014 Mikojan-Gurevic MiG-29 02 Blue |author=Harro Ranter |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141101005406/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=168283 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 17 August 2014, another Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29, bort number 53 White, tasked with air to ground duties against separatists' positions<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/ukraine-fighter-jet-shot-down |title=Ukrainian fighter plane shot down by pro-Russia rebels |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2014-08-17 |agency= France-Presse |access-date=15 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170321075009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/ukraine-fighter-jet-shot-down |archive-date=21 March 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> was shot down by pro-Russian rebels in the Luhansk region.  The Ukrainian government confirmed the downing. The pilot ejected safely and was recovered by friendly forces.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-airplane-idUSKBN0GH04Z20140817 |title= Separatists shoot down Ukrainian Mig-29 fighter plane: military |newspaper=Reuters |access-date= 14 November 2014 |date=2014-08-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129060336/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/17/us-ukraine-crisis-airplane-idUSKBN0GH04Z20140817 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://theaviationist.com/2014/08/17/another-mig-29-shot-down/ |title= Pro-Russia separatists have shot down another Ukrainian Mig-29 Fulcrum |work= The Aviationist |access-date=14 November 2014 |date=2014-08-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141125080712/http://theaviationist.com/2014/08/17/another-mig-29-shot-down/ |archive-date= 25 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:UA signed AGM-88 HARM.jpg|thumb|left|A MiG-29 armed with an AGM-88 HARM missile]]
As of 2018, the [[Lviv State Aircraft Repair Plant]] began domestically upgrading the MiG-29 to have multirole capability, known as the MiG-29MU2. Development was expected to be completed by 2019 and enter production in 2020.<ref>{{citation |title= Ukrainian MiG-29 Fighter Jet Being Upgraded with Multi-role Capability |url= https://www.defenseworld.net/news/22639/Ukrainian_MiG_29_Fighter_Jet_Being_Upgraded_with_Multi_role_Capability#.WxmlkzNKhE4 |publisher= Defenseworld.net |date= 1 June 2018 |access-date= 27 August 2019 |archive-date= 1 October 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191001131506/https://www.defenseworld.net/news/22639/Ukrainian_MiG_29_Fighter_Jet_Being_Upgraded_with_Multi_role_Capability#.WxmlkzNKhE4 |url-status= live}}</ref> The first upgraded MiG-29 was delivered to the Ukrainian Air Force in July 2020.<ref>{{citation |title= Ukraine Air Force Receives Upgraded Soviet-era MiG-29 |url= https://www.defenseworld.net/news/27552/Ukraine_Air_Force_Receives_Upgraded_Soviet_era_MiG_29|publisher= Defenseworld.net|date= 31 July 2020 |access-date= 26 September 2020|archive-date= 20 September 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200920015316/https://www.defenseworld.net/news/27552/Ukraine_Air_Force_Receives_Upgraded_Soviet_era_MiG_29|url-status= live}}</ref> On 29 May 2020, Ukrainian MiG-29s took part in the Bomber Task Force in Europe with American B-1B bombers for the first time in the Black Sea region.<ref>{{cite web |last=Correll |first=Diana Stancy |date=2020-05-29 |title=B-1Bs complete Bomber Task Force mission with Ukrainian, Turkish aircraft for the first time |url=https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2020/05/29/b-1bs-complete-bomber-task-force-mission-with-ukrainian-turkish-aircraft-for-the-first-time/ |access-date=2020-06-08 |website=Air Force Times |language=en-US |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135156/https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2020/05/29/b-1bs-complete-bomber-task-force-mission-with-ukrainian-turkish-aircraft-for-the-first-time/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2020, B-52 bombers from the [[5th Bomb Wing]] conducted vital integration training with Ukrainian MiG-29s and Su-27s inside Ukraine's airspace.<ref>{{citation|title= U.S. Air Force B-52s Integrate with Ukrainian Fighters|url= https://www.eucom.mil/article/40736/us-air-force-b-52s-integrate-with-ukrainian-f|publisher= United States European Command|date= 4 September 2020|access-date= 26 September 2020|archive-date= 23 September 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200923185805/https://www.eucom.mil/article/40736/us-air-force-b-52s-integrate-with-ukrainian-f|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title= Bomber Task Force continues European mission push in Black Sea region|url= https://www.eucom.mil/article/40783/bomber-task-force-continues-european-mission|publisher= United States European Command|date= 15 September 2020|access-date= 26 September 2020|archive-date= 23 September 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200923193718/https://www.eucom.mil/article/40783/bomber-task-force-continues-european-mission|url-status= live}}</ref>

[[File:MiG-29 (Ghost of Kyiv) 40thTAB.jpg|thumb|MiG-29s of the [[40th Tactical Aviation Brigade]], 2023]]
During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], [[Su-27]]s and MiG-29s were used as air superiority fighters, with ten MiG-29s reported lost on the ground and in the air.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-eu-to-supply-kyiv-with-fighter-aircraft|title=Ukraine conflict: EU to supply Kyiv with fighter aircraft|work=[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]]|date=28 February 2022|quote=While supplying aircraft would address the immediate problem of replacing attrition losses, Ukraine's main airbases have been subjected to attack, with at least six MiG-29s destroyed on the ground at Ivano-Frankivsk Airport in the southwest of the country.|access-date=11 April 2022|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321165729/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-eu-to-supply-kyiv-with-fighter-aircraft|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vikna.if.ua/news/category/if/2022/03/20/131828/view|title=Президент України присвоїв загиблому пілоту з Прикарпаття звання Героя України|work=Vikna |date=20 March 2022|language=uk|access-date=11 April 2022|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321150121/https://vikna.if.ua/news/category/if/2022/03/20/131828/view|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://freeradio.com.ua/zahynuv-za-ukrainu-vshanovuiemo-khvylynoiu-movchannia-lotchyka-stepana-tarabalka/|title=Щодня о 9 ранку на час воєнного стану в Україні проводять хвилину мовчання на згадку про захисників, які віддали свої життя, захищаючи країну від російських загарбників. 26 березня згадаймо льотчика-винищувача з Івано-Франківщини Степана Тарабалка.|date=26 March 2022|work=Free Radio|language=uk|access-date=11 April 2022|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326070942/https://freeradio.com.ua/zahynuv-za-ukrainu-vshanovuiemo-khvylynoiu-movchannia-lotchyka-stepana-tarabalka/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sport-arena24.com.ua/2022/04/%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F-%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D1%80/|title=Історія льотчика-героя Олександра Брінжала|language=Ukrainian|date=8 April 2022|access-date=11 April 2022 |archive-date=11 April 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220411012453/https://sport-arena24.com.ua/2022/04/%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F-%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D1%80/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://24tv.ua/boyu-pid-zhitomirom-zaginuv-ukrayinskiy-lotchik-vin-zbiv-odin_n1905690|title=У бою під Житомиром загинув український льотчик: він збив один ворожий літак перед загибеллю|work=24 TV|language=uk|date=14 March 2022|access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date= 15 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220315042424/https://24tv.ua/boyu-pid-zhitomirom-zaginuv-ukrayinskiy-lotchik-vin-zbiv-odin_n1905690|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/vstiz-zbiti-odin-pid-zhitomirom-pid-chas-boyu-z-dvoma-litakami-okupantiv-zaginuv-28-richniy-lotchik-yevgen-lisenko-z-cherkaschini-2009674.html|title="Встиг Збити Один": Під Житомиром Під Час Бою З Двома Літаками Окупантів Загинув 28-Річний Льотчик Євген Лисенко З Черкащини|language=uk|date=15 March 2022|work=TSN|access-date=11 April 2022 |archive-date= 15 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220315153505/https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/vstiz-zbiti-odin-pid-zhitomirom-pid-chas-boyu-z-dvoma-litakami-okupantiv-zaginuv-28-richniy-lotchik-yevgen-lisenko-z-cherkaschini-2009674.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://suspilne.media/221698-stalo-vidomo-pro-zagibel-dvoh-aviatoriv-aki-sluzili-u-lucku/ |archive-url= https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20220326024921/https://suspilne.media/221698-stalo-vidomo-pro-zagibel-dvoh-aviatoriv-aki-sluzili-u-lucku/|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2022|title=Стало відомо про загибель двох авіаторів, які служили у Луцьку|work=Suspilne|date=25 March 2022|language=uk}}</ref> In August 2022, a senior U.S. defense official disclosed that the Ukrainians have integrated the [[AGM-88 HARM]] missile onto their "MiG aircraft"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-mig-29s-are-firing-agm-88-anti-radiation-missiles|title=Ukrainian MiG-29s Are Firing AGM-88 Anti-Radiation Missiles|first=Joseph|last=Trevithick|date=19 August 2022|website=The Drive|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820025323/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-mig-29s-are-firing-agm-88-anti-radiation-missiles|url-status=live}}</ref> with video evidence of AGM-88 missiles fired by upgraded Ukrainian MiG-29s released by the Ukrainian Air Force few days later.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1564531365600690176|user=KpsZSU|title=One of the 🇺🇦 pilots has made a footage of the MiG-29 fighter jets combat operations.🇺🇦 pilot Ivan dedicates this... |date= 30 August 2022}}</ref> For a weapon that relies on digital display to fire, the question of how it has been integrated into the MiG-29's analogue displays remains unanswered.  The footage shows a commercial GPS having been installed along with a tablet of some kind.<ref>{{Cite news |date= 2022-08-31 |author= David Cenciotti |title= First Footage Of Ukrainian MiG-29 Firing US-delivered Anti-Radiation Missiles Emerges |url= https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/30/first-footage-of-ukrainian-mig-firing-arm-emerges/ |access-date= 2022-08-31 |archive-date= 3 September 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220903232859/https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/30/first-footage-of-ukrainian-mig-firing-arm-emerges/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 13 October 2022, a Ukrainian MiG-29 crashed during a combat mission. Its pilot is claimed to have destroyed a [[Shahed-136]] drone with his cannon, and it is believed the debris from the drone collided with the aircraft and forced the pilot to eject. Ukrainian sources claim that the pilot shot down five drones and two cruise missiles shortly before the crash. The downed MiG-29 was wearing a livery similar to that of the Ukrainian Falcons display team. According to the Ukrainian State Bureau of Investigation: "the jet collided with debris from a destroyed drone, which caused massive damage to it to the point where it crashed near a village in northeast Vinnytsia. The pilot managed to eject and is currently receiving treatment in the hospital."<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 October 2022|title=Ukraine Confirms 1st Known Case Of Fighter Jet Going Down To A Kamikaze Drone|publisher=Eurasian Times |url= https://eurasiantimes.com/ukraine-confirms-1st-known-case-of-fighter-jet-going-down-to-a-kamikaze/ |access-date=16 October 2022|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221016082250/https://eurasiantimes.com/ukraine-confirms-1st-known-case-of-fighter-jet-going-down-to-a-kamikaze/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author= Thomas Newdick |title=Ukraine Claims MiG-29 Pilot Downed Five Drones Before Ejecting |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-claims-mig-29-pilot-downed-five-drones-before-ejecting |date=2022-10-13 |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=The Drive |language=en-US |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017191024/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-claims-mig-29-pilot-downed-five-drones-before-ejecting |url-status=live }}</ref> On 20 September 2023, a [[Ukrainian Air Force]] MiG-29 was struck by a [[ZALA Lancet]] drone at the Dolgintsevo air base near [[Kryvyi Rih]]. A second drone was used as a spotter, recording the first Lancet's impact.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-20 |title=Russian drone damaged Ukrainian MiG-29 fighter at military airfield |language=en-US |author=Dylan Malyasov |work=Defence Blog |url=https://defence-blog.com/russian-drone-damaged-ukrainian-mig-29-fighter-at-military-airfield/?amp |access-date=2023-09-20 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182855/https://defence-blog.com/russian-drone-damaged-ukrainian-mig-29-fighter-at-military-airfield/?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 4 March 2025, 29 Ukranian MiG-29s have been destroyed and three have been damaged by the Russian forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Oryx}}</ref>

===Export===

====India====
[[File:Indian Air Force Mig 29 UPG patrolling the Himalayas.jpg|thumb|[[Indian Air Force]] MiG-29UPGs flying over the Himalayas]]

India was the first international customer of the MiG-29, outside of the [[Warsaw Pact]]. The [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) placed an order for 44 aircraft (40 single-seat MiG-29 9.12Bs and four twin-seat MiG-29UBs) in 1984, and the aircraft was officially inducted into the IAF in 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/19860815-air-defence-aircraft-mig-29-to-give-iaf-complete-mastery-over-south-asian-skies-801152-1986-08-15 |title=Air defence aircraft MiG 29 to give IAF complete mastery over South Asian skies |first=Ramindar |last=Singh |date=15 August 1986|work=[[India Today]] |access-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329082109/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/19860815-air-defence-aircraft-mig-29-to-give-iaf-complete-mastery-over-south-asian-skies-801152-1986-08-15 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1989, an additional order for 20 aircraft was placed, with ten more MiG-29s added in 1994.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web|title=Arms transfer database|url=armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferData/transferResults?logic=on|work=[[SIPRI]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> MiG-29s were extensively used by the IAF during the [[Kargil War]] with Pakistan in 1999. They were used to provide escort for the [[Mirage 2000]]s attacking targets with [[laser-guided bomb]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kapisthalam, Kaushik|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20050520.aspx|title=Warplanes Article Index|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080325001156/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20050520.aspx |archive-date=25 March 2008|work=Strategy page|date=20 May 2005|access-date=16 May 2009}}</ref> 

Since its acquisition, the aircraft has undergone a series of modifications with the addition of new avionics, subsystems, turbofan engines and radars.<ref>{{cite web |title=[Actu] L'Inde et les MiG-29 |url=https://redsamovar.com/2019/10/07/actu-linde-et-les-mig-29/ |work=Red Samovar |date=7 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230208073944/https://redsamovar.com/2019/10/07/actu-linde-et-les-mig-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> India signed a US$888&nbsp;million deal with Russia in 2005-06 to upgrade all of its MiG-29s, to extend their operational life by 10-15 years.<ref name="HT">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/russia-to-upgrade-indian-mig-29-jets/story-EVjq9VE1UBM2g8Y0YnR4ZN.html|title=Russia to upgrade Indian MiG-29 jets|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=7 February 2006|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The upgrade program was planned to be completed in four years, and consisted of retrofitting the aircraft with upgraded avionics including replacing the N-019 radar with Phazatron [[Zhuk (radar)|Zhuk-M]] radar. Under the deal, the aircraft were also modified to be capable of deploying the [[R-77]] missiles, and enabling [[mid air refueling]] to increase endurance.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-1328 |title=India's MiG-29 fighter jets to be upgraded by Russia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509091312/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-1328 |archive-date=9 May 2008 |work=India Defence |date=8 February 2006 |access-date=9 July 2009}}</ref> In 2007, [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL) was given a license to manufacture 120 [[RD-33 series 3]] turbofan engines for the upgrade.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.klimov.ru/media/news/2007-01-24/ |title=India has acquired the right to manufacture Saint-Petersburg’s engines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202094504/http://en.klimov.ru/media/news/2007-01-24/ |archive-date=2 December 2008 |work=[[Klimov]] |date=24 January 2007 |access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref> 

[[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29UPG Fulcrum, India - Air Force JP7677166.jpg|thumb|left|An upgraded MiG-29UPG of the [[Indian Air Force]]]]

In March 2008, India signed a renewed agreement with Russia worth $960 million for upgrading its existing fleet of 69 MiG-29s, which would enable them to operate for another 25 to 40 years.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |author=Pandit, Rajat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-ink-MiG-29-upgrade-deal/articleshow/2846675.cms |title=India, Russia ink MiG-29 upgrade deal |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 March 2008 |access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref> The upgrades to Indian MiG-29s will be to the MiG-29UPG standard, the first six MiG-29s were to be upgraded in Russia with the remaining 63 MiGs to be upgraded by HAL in India.<ref name="TOI"/> The upgrades included a new weapon control system, improved cockpit ergonomics, [[DRDO]]/[[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] D-29 electronic warfare system, and upgraded weaponry including air-to-ground missiles and guided bombs.<ref name="Upgrade">{{cite news |url= http://en.take-off.ru/news/102-feb2011/558-mig-29upg-india-02-2011 |title= Indian MiG-29 upgrade |work=Take-Off |access-date=2 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130504123535/http://en.take-off.ru/news/102-feb2011/558-mig-29upg-india-02-2011 |archive-date=4 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="DRDO">{{cite web|url= https://www.drdo.gov.in/development-d-29-system-internal-ew-system-mig-29-upgrade-aircraft |title= Development of D-29 System (Internal EW system for MIG-29 Upgrade Aircraft) |work=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183748/https://www.drdo.gov.in/development-d-29-system-internal-ew-system-mig-29-upgrade-aircraft|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=54392|title=Upgradation of MIG-29 squadrons|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091127005939/http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=54392 |archive-date=27 November 2009|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> India also awarded a contract to [[Israel Aircraft Industries]] to provide avionics and subsystems for the upgrade.<ref name="TOI"/> India sent the first six of its aircraft to Russia for upgrades in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20090721.aspx|title=More MiG Malfunctions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724150742/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20090721.aspx |archive-date=24 July 2009|work=Strategy Page|date=21 July 2009|access-date=14 October 2009}}</ref> The first three aircraft were delivered to India in December 2012, more than two years behind schedule.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russia-delivers-3-upgraded-mig29s-to-india/article4185028.ece |title=Russia delivers 3 upgraded MiG-29s to India|author=Vladimir Radyuhin|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |date=10 December 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151017030613/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russia-delivers-3-upgraded-mig29s-to-india/article4185028.ece |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In March 2009, the IAF expressed concern about the aircraft after 90 Russian MiG-29s were grounded after a crash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70884&Itemid=2 |title=India is worried about its fleet of MiG-29s|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090729012231/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70884&Itemid=2 |archive-date=29 July 2009|work=App.com.|date=14 March 2009|access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref> In March 2009, the IAF cleared all MiG-29s in its fleet as safe after an extensive inspection.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/14/content_11012252.htm|title=India says its MiG-29 safe despite Russian grounding of such aircraft|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090411163127/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/14/content_11012252.htm |archive-date=11 April 2009|work= Xinhua News Agency|date=14 March 2009|access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref> In a disclosure to the [[Indian Parliament]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Indian defence minister]] said structural flawed had been identified in the MiG-29s with the possibility of cracks developing in the tail fin due to corrosion. After Russia shared the finding with India, which emerged after the crash of a Russian Air Force MiG-29 in December 2008, a repair and maintenance program was put in place to resolve the issue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/antony-spills-the-beans-says-mig29-structurally-flawed/97226-3.html|title=Antony spills the beans, says Mig-29 structurally flawed|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090818161203/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/antony-spills-the-beans-says-mig29-structurally-flawed/97226-3.html |archive-date=18 August 2009|work=IBN Live|access-date=14 October 2009}}</ref> 

[[File:A MiG-29K performs a touch and go landing on INS Vikramaditya during Narendra Modi's visit.jpg|thumb|An [[Indian Navy]] MiG-29K landing on ''[[INS Vikramaditya]]'']]

In 2004, India had signed a deal for the acquisition of additional 16 MiG-29Ks for the [[Indian Navy]], to be deployed on ''[[INS Vikramaditya]]'', the refurbished [[aircraft carrier]] to be purchased from Russia. In January 2010, India and Russia signed a US$1.2&nbsp;billion deal for the acquisition of additional 29 MiG-29Ks for the Indian Navy, bringing the total number of MiG-29Ks on order to 45.<ref name="Navy">{{cite news|author=Pandit, Rajat|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-to-ink-12-bn-deal-for-29-more-MiG-29Ks/articleshow/5460879.cms|title=India, Russia to ink $1.2 bn deal for 29 more MiG-29Ks|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145014/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-launched-in-august-ak-antony/391008-3.html |archive-date=2 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 January 2010|access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> The MiG-29K entered service with the Indian Navy on 19 February 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news605304.html|title=Indian Navy inducts ‘lethal’ MiG-29K|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100221061356/http://www.zeenews.com/news605304.html |archive-date=21 February 2010|work=[[Zee news]]|date=19 February 2010|access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

In 2020, India planned an additional order of 21 MiG-29s, which would be manufactured from airframes built in late 1980s but never assembled, and upgraded these aircraft before delivery to the Indian Air Force before delivery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/defence/iaf-set-to-place-orders-for-21-mig-29-jets-from-russia-by-dec-to-shore-up-aircraft-strength/517907/ |title=IAF set to place orders for 21 MiG-29 jets from Russia by Dec to shore up aircraft strength |work=[[The Print]] |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008051706/https://theprint.in/defence/iaf-set-to-place-orders-for-21-mig-29-jets-from-russia-by-dec-to-shore-up-aircraft-strength/517907/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sldinfo.com/2019/07/the-case-of-indian-acquisition-of-mig-29s-why-buy-a-40-year-old-aircraft/|title= The Case of Indian Acquisition of Mig-29s: Why Buy a 40-Year Old Aircraft?|date= 18 July 2019|work=SLDinfo|access-date= 4 February 2020 |archive-date= 4 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105858/https://sldinfo.com/2019/07/the-case-of-indian-acquisition-of-mig-29s-why-buy-a-40-year-old-aircraft/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= IAF to immediately buy 21 MiG-29 fighter aircraft to bolster depleting fleet |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=14 February 2019 |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/iaf-immediately-buy-21-mig-29-fighter-aircraft-bolster-depleting-fleet-791888 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190216212149/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/iaf-immediately-buy-21-mig-29-fighter-aircraft-bolster-depleting-fleet-791888 |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 7 August 2024, IAF issued a [[Request for proposal]] to upgrade 24 MiG-29s to integrate [[High Speed Low Drag Bomb]]s with a range of {{cvt|180|km}}. The upgrade would include installation of hardware such as [[bomb racks]] on external [[hardpoints]], and necessary software for the aircraft, with the entire MiG-29 fleet to be modified in phases.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2024 |title=IAF seeks urgent upgradation of MiG-29 fighters to carry long-range, high-speed ground attack missiles |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/iaf-seeks-urgent-upgradation-of-mig-29-fighters-to-carry-long-range-high-speed-ground-attack-missiles/ |access-date=13 August 2024 |work=[[The Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of case for aip manufacture of hsld mk ii missile |url=https://www.makeinindiadefence.gov.in/admin/writereaddata/upload/project/project_file/HSLD.pdf |access-date=13 August 2024 |work=Make in India Defence Production}}</ref>

====Yugoslavia and Serbia====
[[File:Serbian mig-29 missiles.jpg|thumb|MiG-29 of the [[Serbian Air Force and Air Defence]]]]

[[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] was the first European country outside the Soviet Union to operate the MiG-29. The country received 14 MiG-29 9.12As and two MiG-29UBs from the USSR in 1987 and 1988. The MiG-29s were put into service with the 127th Fighter Aviation Squadron, based at [[Batajnica Air Base]], north of [[Belgrade]], Serbia.{{Sfn |Gordon |Davison |2005 |pp=77}}

Yugoslav MiG-29s saw little combat during the breakup of Yugoslavia, and were used primarily for ground attacks. Several [[Antonov An-2]] aircraft used by Croatia were destroyed on the ground at [[Čepin]] airfield near [[Osijek]], Croatia in 1991 by a Yugoslav MiG-29, with no MiG-29 losses.<ref name=ACIG_380>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140214094718/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_380.shtml "Yugoslav & Serbian MiG-29s."]}} ''Air Combat Information Group'', 30 November 2003. Retrieved 14 October 2009.</ref> At least two MiG-29s carried out an airstrike on [[Banski Dvori]], the official residence of the [[Croatian Government]], on 7 October 1991.<ref>Oppenheim, John and Willem-Jan van der Wolf. ''Global war crimes tribunal collection, Volume 1, Part 1''. Nijmegen, the Netherlands: Global Law Association, 1997, p. 404.</ref>

The MiG-29s continued their service in the subsequent [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. Because of the United Nations [[arms embargo]] against the country, the condition of the MiG-29s worsened as aircraft were not maintained according to rules and general overhaul scheduled for 1996 and 1997 was not conducted.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/514/09.html |title=Case Mig-29 |publisher=Vreme |date=9 November 2000 |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161003111023/http://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/514/09.html |archive-date= 3 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Six MiG-29s were shot down during the NATO intervention in the [[Kosovo War]], four by USAF F-15s, one by a USAF F-16, and one by a [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]] F-16.<ref>Lok, Joris Janssen, [http://www.janes.com/defence/news/kosovo/jdw990401_01_n.shtml "How Dutch F-16AMs shot down a Mig-29."] ''[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]]''. Retrieved 7 September 2009. {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060709062142/http://www.janes.com/defence/news/kosovo/jdw990401_01_n.shtml |date=9 July 2006}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/qABnIDOcyS8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200228155738/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qABnIDOcyS8 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qABnIDOcyS8|title=F-15 Eagle vs MiG-29 Fulcrum &#124; With "Dozer"|date=31 January 2019 |via= youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, one aircraft, according to its pilot, was hit by [[friendly fire]] from the ground.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rts.rs/page/tv/sr/story/20/RTS+1/60209/Niko+nije+rekao+ne%C4%87u%2C+drugi+deo.html |title=Niko nije rekao neću, drugi deo Predrag Milutinović pilot |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007055009/http://www.rts.rs/page/tv/sr/story/20/RTS+1/60209/Niko+nije+rekao+ne%C4%87u,+drugi+deo.html |archive-date=7 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Another four were destroyed on the ground.<ref name=ejection-history.org.uk>[http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/mig-29.htm "Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum: Losses & Ejections."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017035011/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/mig-29.htm |date=17 October 2007}} ''ejection-history.org.uk'', 17 October 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2009.</ref> One Argentine source claims that a MiG-29 shot down an F-16 on 26 March 1999,<ref>Генерал Великович на авиашоу (довоенная фотография). 26 марта ему предстояло сбить F-16 (88-0490 [http://artofwar.ru/img/z/zampini_d_f/text_0580/ Генерал Великович на авиашоу (довоенная фотография). 26 марта ему предстояло сбить F-16C (88-0490] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110703115319/http://artofwar.ru/img/z/zampini_d_f/text_0580/ |date= 3 July 2011}}</ref> but this kill is disputed, as the F-16C in question was said to have crashed in the US that same day.<ref>Dewitte, Lieven.[http://www.f-16.net/news_article229.html "The US Air Force suspended all F-16 fighter flights at Luke Air Force Base."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111011091502/http://www.f-16.net/news_article229.html |date= 11 October 2011}} ''F-16.net,'' 26 March 1999. Quote: "The US Air Force suspended all F-16 fighter flights at Luke Air Force Base."</ref>

[[File:MIG-29 Fulcrum-A RV i PVO SRJ-SCG.tif|thumb|A digital representation of a MiG-29 9.12A in service with the [[Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslav Air Force]] during [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|Operation Allied Force]] in 1999|alt=An MiG-29 9.12A in service with the Yugoslav Air Force during Operation Allied Force in 1999.]]
The [[Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro]] continued flying its remaining five MiG-29s at a very low rate after the war. In the spring of 2004, news appeared that MiG-29 operations had ceased, because the aircraft could not be maintained,<ref name=ACIG_380/> but later the five remaining airframes were sent to Russia for overhaul. In July 2009, a [[Serbian Air Force]] MiG-29 crashed over Belgrade.<ref>{{cite web|website=Sky News|date=7 July 2009|title=Serbian Fighter Jet Crashes Near Belgrade |url= http://news.sky.com/story/707436/serbian-fighter-jet-crashes-near-belgrade |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121003194501/http://news.sky.com/story/707436/serbian-fighter-jet-crashes-near-belgrade|archive-date= 3 October 2012 |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> The small Serbian MiG-29 fleet along with other jets were grounded for four months during the summer of 2014 due to a battery procurement issue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vojinovic|first= Petar |date= 2 June 2014 |title=Srbija ostala bez operativnih lovačkih aviona – dežurni par prizemljen zbog nedostatka akumulatora |language= sr |website=Tango Six|url= https://tangosix.rs/2014/02/06/srbija-ostala-bez-operativnih-lovackih-aviona-dezurni-par-prizemljen-zbog-nedostatka-akumulatora/ |access-date=5 January 2024|archive-date=5 January 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240105035352/https://tangosix.rs/2014/02/06/srbija-ostala-bez-operativnih-lovackih-aviona-dezurni-par-prizemljen-zbog-nedostatka-akumulatora/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2016, Russia had agreed to donate six of its MiG-29s free of charge, if Serbia would pay the repair costs of $50 million for them.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2016&mm=12&dd=23&nav_id=100046 |title=PM tells why Serbia decided to acquire Russian MiG-29s |date=23 December 2016 |publisher=B92 |access-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224150431/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2016&mm=12&dd=23&nav_id=100046 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> At the end of January 2017, Serbian defense minister [[Zoran Đorđević (politician)|Zoran Đorđević]] said that Belarus also agreed to donate eight of its MiG-29s to Serbia on a no-pay basis.<ref name=Belarus_donates>{{cite web|last=Tomkins|first=Richard |title= Belarus donates MiG-29 fighter aircraft to Serbia |date=30 January 2017 |publisher= United Press International |url=http://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/01/30/Belarus-donates-MiG-29-fighter-aircraft-to-Serbia/6881485794095/ |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170210053824/http://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/01/30/Belarus-donates-MiG-29-fighter-aircraft-to-Serbia/6881485794095/ |archive-date=10 February 2017 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In early October 2017, Russia completed the delivery of all the six MiG-29s. The aircraft were transferred to Serbia onboard an [[Antonov An-124]] transport aircraft.<ref>[https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171004/1506207956.html Россия закончила поставку шести истребителей МиГ-29 в Сербию] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171007183648/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171004/1506207956.html |date=7 October 2017}} RIA Novosti, 4 October 2017.</ref> On 25 February 2019, Belarus formally handed four MiG-29s to the Serbian military during a ceremony held at the [[558th Aircraft Repair Plant]] in [[Baranavichy]]. This increased the Serbian Air Force's fleet to 14 MiG-29s.<ref name="Serbia received 4 MiG-29s">{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-serbia-receives-mig-29-fighters-from-belar-456115/ |title=Serbia formally accepted four RAC MiG-29 fighters donated by Belarus during a ceremony at the latter's 558th Aircraft Repair Plant in Baranavichy on 25 February. |website=[[Flight Global]] |date=26 February 2019 |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044434/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-serbia-receives-mig-29-fighters-from-belar-456115/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> Serbia plans to spend about €180–230 million on modernization of its entire MiG-29 fleet.<ref name="Serbia MiG-29 modernization">{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/serbia-receives-six-mig-29s-donated-by-russia-442496/ |title=Serbia receives six MiG-29s donated by Russia |publisher=[[Flightglobal]] |date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025133811/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/serbia-receives-six-mig-29s-donated-by-russia-442496/ |archive-date=25 October 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/world/1015283 |title=Serbia hopes to be through with MiG-29 modernization by Putin's visit in November |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042718/http://tass.com/world/1015283 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> As of 2021, the Serbian Air Force operates 14 MiG-29s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2019/02/25/serbia-receives-4-more-mig-29-fighter-jets-from-belarus/|title=Serbia receives 4 more MiG-29 fighter jets from Belarus – The Defense Post|date=25 February 2019|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518172214/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2019/02/25/serbia-receives-4-more-mig-29-fighter-jets-from-belarus/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Germany====
[[East Germany]] bought 24 MiG-29s (20 MiG-29As, four MiG-29UBs), which entered service in 1988–1989 in 1./JG3 "''[[Vladimir Komarov|Wladimir Komarow]]''" in [[Preschen]] in [[Brandenburg]].<ref name="wapj4 p86">Lake ''World Air Power Journal'' Volume 4 Winter 1990/91, p. 86.</ref> After the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] in November 1989 and [[reunification of Germany]] in October 1990, the MiG-29s and other aircraft of the East German ''[[Air Forces of the National People's Army]]'' were integrated into the [[West Germany|West German]] [[German Air Force|Luftwaffe]].<ref>[http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRHeft/FRHeft04/FRH0404/FR0404c.htm MiG-29s leave Luftwaffe] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100624022957/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRHeft/FRHeft04/FRH0404/FR0404c.htm |date=24 June 2010}} – Flug Revue, April 2004</ref> Initially the 1./JG3 kept its designation. In April 1991 both 1./JG3's MiG-29 squadrons were reorganised into the MiG-29 test wing ("''Erprobungsgeschwader MiG-29''"), which became [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73|JG73 "''Steinhoff''"]] and was transferred to [[Laage]] near [[Rostock]] in June 1993.

[[File:MiG-29 (12196698226).jpg|thumb|An [[Air Forces of the National People's Army|East German]] MiG-29 operating at [[Preschen Airfield|Preschen]] in 1990, when it was serving under the [[National emblem of East Germany|GDR emblem]].]]
The [[Federation of American Scientists]] claims the MiG-29 is equal to, or better than the F-15C in short aerial engagements because of the [[Helmet mounted display|Helmet Mounted Weapons Sight]] (HMS) and better maneuverability at slow speeds.<ref name= FAS_MiG-29>[https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/mig-29.htm "MiG-29 Fulcrum (Mikoyan-Gurevich)."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160104231249/http://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/mig-29.htm |date= 4 January 2016}} ''FAS''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>{{self-published inline |date= February 2019}} This was demonstrated when MiG-29s of the German Air Force participated in joint [[DACT]] exercises with US fighters.<ref name=Lucia>Neely, SrA. Dan. [http://aeroweb.lucia.it/rap/RAFAQ/Buzzards.html "Aviano Vigileer: 'Buzzards' Fly With MiG 29s."] ''AeroWeb''. Retrieved 1 August 2010. {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060704084625/http://aeroweb.lucia.it/rap/RAFAQ/Buzzards.html |date=4 July 2006}}</ref><ref name= Code_One>[http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1995/articles/jul_95/july2a_95.html#top "Code One, 1995–07."] codeonemagazine.com. Retrieved 30 September 2010. {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061024194254/http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1995/articles/jul_95/july2a_95.html#top |date=24 October 2006}}</ref> The HMS was a great help, allowing the Germans to achieve a lock on any target the pilot could see within the missile field of view, including those almost 45 degrees off [[gun harmonisation|boresight]].<ref>Lake 1997, p. 70.</ref> However, the German pilots who flew the MiG-29 admitted that while the Fulcrum was more maneuverable at slow speeds than the [[F-15 Eagle]], [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]], [[F-14 Tomcat]], and [[F/A-18 Hornet]] and its [[Vympel R-73]] dogfight missile system was superior to the [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] of the time, in engagements that went into the beyond visual range arena, the German pilots found it difficult to multi-task locking and firing the MiG-29's [[Vympel R-27]] missile (German MiG-29s did not have access to the more advanced [[Vympel R-77]] that equips more advanced MiG-29 versions) while trying to avoid the longer range and advanced search and track capabilities of the American fighters' radars and [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]]. The Germans also stated that the American fighters had the advantage in both night and bad weather combat conditions. The Luftwaffe's assessment of the MiG-29 was that the Fulcrum was best used as a point defense interceptor over cities and military installations, not for fighter sweeps over hostile airspace. This assessment ultimately led Germany to not deploy its MiG-29s in the [[Kosovo War]] during [[Operation Allied Force]], though Luftwaffe pilots who flew the MiG-29 admitted that even if they were permitted to fly combat missions over the former Yugoslavia they would have been hampered by the lack of NATO-specific communication tools and [[identification friend or foe]] systems.<ref>{{cite web |title=F/A-18 vs. Mig 29 in "Red October" War Games |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn1sBfIlUjY |website=Youtube |date=20 November 2015 |publisher= Discovery Channel |access-date=17 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161102205814/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn1sBfIlUjY |archive-date= 2 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= Sotham |first1=John |title= The Truth About the Mig 29 |url= https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/truth-about-mig-29-180952403/ |website=Air And Space Smithsonian |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |access-date=17 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142633/https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/truth-about-mig-29-180952403/ |archive-date= 17 February 2019 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Mikoyan mig29.jpg|thumb|left|A [[German Air Force]] MiG-29]]
Beginning in 1993, the German MiGs were stationed with [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73|JG73 "''Steinhoff''"]] in [[Laage]] near [[Rostock]]. During the service in the German Air Force, one MiG-29 ("29+09") was destroyed in an accident on 25 June 1996 due to pilot error. By 2003, German Air Force pilots had flown over 30,000 hours in the MiG-29. In September 2003, 22 of the 23 remaining machines were sold to the [[Polish Air Force]] for the symbolic price of €1 per item.<ref name= PL>[http://lotnictwo.net/doc.php?doc=03100401 "MiGi za 1 euro w Bydgoszczy." {{in lang|pl}}] ''lotnictwo''. Retrieved 30 September 2010. {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095510/http://lotnictwo.net/doc.php?doc=03100401 |date=28 September 2007}}</ref> The last aircraft were transferred in August 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=Last of MiG-29s offered by Germany arrive in Poland |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-97300722.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150323101020/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-97300722.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2015 |work=AP Worldstream |agency=Associated Press |access-date=3 October 2014 |date=4 August 2004}}</ref> The 23rd MiG-29 ("29+03") was put on display at Laage.<ref name= Bundeswehr>[http://www.mgfa.de/html/bildAnzeige.php?img_id=633 "Bundeswehr."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928132050/http://www.mgfa.de/html/bildAnzeige.php?img_id=633 |date=28 September 2007}} ''mgfa.de''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

====Libya====
In 2020, it was reported that MiG-29 aircraft was flown by forces aligned with [[Khalifa Haftar]] in Libya.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/34193/new-imagery-catches-russian-mig-29-and-su-24-combat-jets-in-flight-at-libyan-air-base |first= Joseph |last= Trevithick |title= Russian MiG-29 And Su-24 Combat Jets Caught In-Flight at Libyan Base in New Satellite Images |work= The Drive |date=18 June 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200916072443/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/34193/new-imagery-catches-russian-mig-29-and-su-24-combat-jets-in-flight-at-libyan-air-base |url-status= live}}</ref> On 11 September 2020, [[United States Africa Command]] stated that two MiG-29s, operated by Russian speaking personnel, crashed in Libya for unknown reasons, the first on 28 June 2020, the second on 7 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36365/two-russian-mig-29s-have-crashed-in-libya-according-to-top-american-intel-official |title=Two Russian MiG-29s Have Crashed in Libya According to Top American Intel Official |first=Thomas Newdick and Joseph|last=Trevithick|website= The Drive|date=11 September 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205841/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36365/two-russian-mig-29s-have-crashed-in-libya-according-to-top-american-intel-official|url-status=live}}</ref> It was announced that MiG-29s and Su-24s are to be delivered to the [[Libyan Air Force]] from Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/09/russia-libya-fighter-crash.html |title=Jared Szuba,"Wagner has already crashed two Russian fighter jets in Libya, AFRICOM says," Al-Monitor, 11 September 2020 |date=11 September 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200912011521/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/09/russia-libya-fighter-crash.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Peru====
[[File:Peruvian_Air_Force_MiG-29_SDLP.jpg|thumb|MiG-29SE of the [[Peruvian Air Force]]]]

The [[Peruvian Air Force]] acquired 21 MiG-29S fighters from [[Belarus]] in 1997, as part of a package that also included 18 [[Su-25]] attack aircraft. The following year an additional 3 MiG-29 aircraft were acquired from Russia. At the same time, Peru contracted with Mikoyan to upgrade 8 aircraft to the MiG-29SMP standard, with an option to upgrade the remainder of the Peruvian inventory. The Peruvian MiG-29s are based at [[FAP Captain José Abelardo Quiñones González International Airport]] in northern Peru, equipping ''Escuadrón Aéreo'' 612 (Fighter Squadron 612 "Fighting Roosters").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindef.gob.pe/informacion/prensa.php?mod=2&id=639 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080816015813/http://www.mindef.gob.pe/informacion/prensa.php?mod=2&id=639 |url-status=dead |title=Ceremonia se realizó en el Grupo Aéreo Nª 6 {{!}} Fuerza Aéra del Perú Firma Contrato Para Reparar MIG29 |date=16 August 2008 |archive-date=16 August 2008 |website=archive.is |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref>

====Poland====
[[File:U.S. F-16C Fighting Falcon and Polish Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29A over Krzesiny air base, Poland - 20050615.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Polish Air Force]] MiG-29 with a USAF [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]]]

The first 12 MiG-29s delivered to Poland were nine MiG-29As and three MiG-29UBs in 1989–1990. The aircraft were based at [[Mińsk Mazowiecki]] and used by the 1st Fighter Aviation Regiment, which was reorganized in 2001 as ''[[1 Eskadra Lotnictwa Taktycznego]]'' (''1. elt''), or 1st Tactical Squadron (TS). In 1995–1996, 10 used examples were acquired from the Czech Republic (nine MiG-29As, one MiG-29UB). After the retirement of its MiG-23s in 1999, and MiG-21s in 2004, Poland was left for a time with only these 22 MiG-29s in the interceptor role.

Of the 22 MiG-29s Poland received from the [[German Air Force]] in 2004, a total of 14 were overhauled and taken into service. They were used to equip the 41st Tactical Squadron (''41. elt''), replacing its MiG-21s. As of 2008, Poland was the biggest NATO MiG-29 user. Poland had 31 active MiG-29s (25 MiG-29As, six MiG-29UBs) as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-polish-official-pilot-crashed-jet-saved-51866561 |title=Polish official says pilot of crashed jet saved |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171219011734/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-polish-official-pilot-crashed-jet-saved-51866561 |archive-date=19 December 2017 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=18 December 2017|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> They are stationed with the [[1st Tactical Squadron]] at the [[23rd Air Base]] near [[Mińsk Mazowiecki]] and the [[41st Tactical Squadron|41st TS]] at the [[22nd Air Base]] near [[Malbork]].

There have been unconfirmed reports that Poland has at one point leased a MiG-29 from its own inventory to Israel for evaluation and the aircraft has since been returned to Poland, as suggested by photographs of a MiG-29 in Israeli use. Three Polish MiG-29As were reported in Israel for evaluation between April and May 1997 in the [[Negev|Negev Desert]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} On 7 September 2011, the [[Polish Air Force]] awarded a contract to the WZL 2 company to modernise its MiG-29 fleet to be compatible with Polish F-16s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=7611560&c=EUR&s=AIR |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728145153/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=7611560&c=EUR&s=AIR |archive-date=2012-07-28 |title=Poland Signs $44.5M Deal To Modernize MiG-29s |work=[[Defense News]] |date=7 September 2011}}</ref>

Four MiG-29s from 1. elt participated in the [[Baltic Air Policing]] mission in 2006, while 41. elt aircraft did so in 2008, 2010 and 2012. Polish MiG-29s played the aggressor role in the NATO Tactical Leadership Programme (TLP) joint training program in [[Albacete]] in 2011, 2012 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=10030 |title=Agresorzy powrócili z TLP |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130406063724/http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=10030 |archive-date= 6 April 2013 |url-status=live |website=altair.com.pl |date=11 March 2005 |language=pl}}</ref>

On 18 December 2017, a MiG-29 crash-landed in a forest near the [[23rd Air Base]] while performing a landing approach.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://theaviationist.com/2017/12/19/polish-air-force-mig-29-crashes-in-minsk-mazowiecki-its-the-first-ever-crash-of-a-polish-fulcrum/ |title=Polish Air Force MiG-29 Crashes in Minsk Mazowiecki. It's The First Ever Crash Of A Polish Fulcrum |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171222021113/https://theaviationist.com/2017/12/19/polish-air-force-mig-29-crashes-in-minsk-mazowiecki-its-the-first-ever-crash-of-a-polish-fulcrum/ |archive-date= 22 December 2017 |url-status= live |work=The Aviationist |date=19 December 2017}}</ref> The pilot did not eject, but survived the crash with minor injuries. This was the first crash of a MiG-29 during its nearly three decades long operational history in the Polish Air Force.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/76531/polish-mig-29-jet-fighter-crashes |title= Polish MiG-29 jet fighter crashes |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052129/http://www.janes.com/article/76531/polish-mig-29-jet-fighter-crashes |archive-date=22 December 2017 |work=[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]] |date= 19 December 2017 |first=Remigiusz |last=Wilk}}</ref> On 6 July 2018, another MiG-29 crashed near [[Pasłęk]], with its pilot dying in an ejection attempt. Technical issues are suspected to have played a role in the crash.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/katastrofa-mig-29-w-pasleku-wiemy-co-moglo-doprowadzic-do-tragedii-nieoficjalne-informacje-6274277605664897a |title=Katastrofa MiG-29 w Pasłęku. Wiemy, co mogło doprowadzić do tragedii. Nieoficjalne informacje|last=Durman|first=Natalia |date=2018-07-17 |work= Wiadomosci |place= [[Poland|PL]] |access-date=2018-09-24|language=pl-PL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925065101/https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/katastrofa-mig-29-w-pasleku-wiemy-co-moglo-doprowadzic-do-tragedii-nieoficjalne-informacje-6274277605664897a |archive-date=25 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Another crash followed on 4 March 2019. This time the pilot ejected and survived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Katastrofa wojskowego MiG-a. "Zobaczyłam, jak spada samolot" |language=pl |url= https://tvn24.pl/tvnwarszawa/najnowsze/katastrofa-wojskowego-mig-a-zobaczylam-jak-spada-samolot-238711 |website=TVN 24 |date=4 March 2019 |access-date=22 December 2021 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222153601/https://tvn24.pl/tvnwarszawa/najnowsze/katastrofa-wojskowego-mig-a-zobaczylam-jak-spada-samolot-238711 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 March 2022, Poland announced a willingness to transfer their operational fleet of MiG-29 aircraft to the US via the [[Ramstein Air Base]], in exchange for aircraft of a similar role and operational capability, with the intent of transferring the MiG-29s to Ukraine to use in the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/statement-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic-of-poland-in-connection-with-the-statement-by-the-us-secretary-of-state-on-providing-airplanes-to-ukraine |title=Statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland in connection with the statement by the US Secretary of State on providing airplanes to Ukraine |date= 8 March 2022 |website=gov.pl |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220311002428/https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/statement-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic-of-poland-in-connection-with-the-statement-by-the-us-secretary-of-state-on-providing-airplanes-to-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 16 March 2023, Polish President [[Andrzej Duda]] announced that Poland would transfer four operational MiG-29s to Ukraine, with the understanding that additional aircraft would be delivered after servicing and preparation. Poland is the first NATO country to provide Ukraine with fighter aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |work =DW News |title =Poland to send MiG-29 fighter jets to Ukraine – Will other NATO members follow suit? |date =16 March 2023 |url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_0-Tq83Co4 |via =Youtube |access-date =16 March 2023 |archive-date =16 March 2023 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230316221937/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_0-Tq83Co4 |url-status =live }}</ref>

On 13 April, German Defence Minister [[Boris Pistorius]] announced that Germany had approved the transfer of five MiG-29s to Ukraine. German approval was necessary because these aircraft belonged to the [[German Democratic Republic]], which were then transferred to Poland in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/germany-approves-polands-request-to-send-mig-29-jets-to-ukraine |title=Germany approves Poland's request to send MiG-29 jets to Ukraine |date=13 April 2023 |website=Al-Jazeera |access-date=14 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414055154/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/germany-approves-polands-request-to-send-mig-29-jets-to-ukraine |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Iraq====
[[File:Iraqi Air Force MiG-29 Fighter.jpg|thumb|[[Iraqi Air Force]] MiG-29 fighter]]

Iraq received a number of MiG-29 fighters and used them to engage Iranian equivalent opponents during the later stages of the [[Iran–Iraq War]].

By August 1990, at the time of the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait|Invasion of Kuwait]], the [[Iraqi Air Force]] had received 37 MiG-29 (9.12B) Fulcrum-As. Iraq was reportedly unsatisfied that they did not receive the R-73 and R-27T missiles that Coalition intelligence had assessed as a great threat, instead receiving [[R-60 (missile)|R-60MK]] missiles. As a result, they did not order any more aircraft. Iraq was reportedly able to modify their MiG-29s to carry both drop tanks and the TMV-002 Remora ECM pod.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Tom |title=In the claws of the Tomcat: US Navy F-14 Tomcats in Air Combat against Iran and Iraq, 1987–2000 |publisher= Helion & Co |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-915070-23-4 |page=27}}</ref>

MiG-29s saw combat in the 1991 [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] with the [[Iraqi Air Force]]. Five MiG-29s were shot down by USAF F-15s.<ref name="steve_davies">Steve Davies. ''F-15C Eagle Units in Combat'', p. 88. Osprey Combat Aircraft 53.</ref> Some sources reported that one [[Royal Air Force|British]] [[Panavia Tornado]], ''ZA467'', was shot down in northwestern Iraq by a MiG-29<ref>[http://army.lv/?s=502&id=132&v=9] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120701132551/http://army.lv/?s=502&id=132&v=9|date=1 July 2012|title=один самолет Панавиа «Торнадо» английских ВВС|language=ru|website=Army|place=LV|access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref><ref name= "Iraqi_air_victories_during_Gulf_War">[http://aces.safarikovi.org/victories/victories-iraq-gulf.war.pdf "Iraqi air-air victories during the Gulf War 1991."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110717131257/http://aces.safarikovi.org/victories/victories-iraq-gulf.war.pdf |date=17 July 2011}} safarikovi.org.com, 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2009.</ref> UK sources claim this Tornado to have crashed on 22 January on a mission to [[Ar Rutbah]].<ref name= "asn-za467">[http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=55429 "ASN Aircraft accident Panavia Tornado GR1 ZA467."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111009011640/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=55429 |date=9 October 2011}} Flight Safety Foundation via aviation-safety.net, 21 December 2009.</ref>  Another Tornado is also claimed by an Iraqi MiG-29, this time, and IDS variant belonging to the [[Italian Air Force|AMI]] from either the 4th or 5th Fighter Squadron, again using an R-60 missile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2003 |title=Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967 |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008111539/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=ACIG |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref> Other Iraqi air-to-air kills are reported in Russian sources, where the US claims other cases of combat damage, such as a B-52 which the US claims was hit by friendly fire, when an [[AGM-88 HARM|AGM-88]] high-speed, anti-radiation missile (HARM) homed on the fire-control radar of the B-52's tail gun; the bomber returned to base and was subsequently renamed "''In HARM's Way''".<ref>Lake 2004, pp. 47–48.</ref> It is believed that an [[General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark|F-111 Aardvark]] was hit by a missile fired by a MiG-29 but it was able to return to base.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/fail-how-russias-mig-29-fulcrum-fighter-isnt-good-it-looks-129167|title=Fail? How Russia's MiG-29 Fulcrum Fighter Isn't as Good as It Looks|first=Sebastien|last=Roblin|date=3 March 2020|website=The National Interest|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165210/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/fail-how-russias-mig-29-fulcrum-fighter-isnt-good-it-looks-129167|url-status=live}}</ref> A MiG-29 from the 4th or 5th TFS also had a less fortunate kill against a friendly aircraft, a MiG-23ML using a R-27R missile on the 17th of January, 1991. This case of fratricide was not the first of this type, but a MiG-29 of the 5th TFS shot down another MiG-29 of the same unit using an R-60MK in April 1988, though the circumstances are not entirely known.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967 |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008111539/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=Air Combat Information Group|archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref>

Iraq's original fleet of 37 MiG-29s was reduced to 12 after the Gulf War. One MiG-29 was damaged, and seven were reportedly flown to Iran.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=483}} The remaining 12 aircraft were withdrawn from use in 1995 because the engines needed to be overhauled but Iraq could not send them off for that work.<ref>Woods, Kevin M. [http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA484530 "Iraqi Perspectives Project Phase II, Um Al-Ma'arik (The Mother of All Battles): Operational and Strategic Insights from an Iraqi Perspective, Volume 1 (Revised May 2008)."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722185912/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA484530 |date=22 July 2011}} Defense Technical Information Center via oai.dtic.mil. Retrieved 23 October 2010.</ref>

After the American-led [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] and disbandment of the [[Ba'athist Iraq]]i [[Iraqi Army|Army]] in May of the same year,<ref>Kaplan, Fred. [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2007/09/who_disbanded_the_iraqi_army.html "Who disbanded the Iraqi army?"] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111211013621/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2007/09/who_disbanded_the_iraqi_army.html |date=11 December 2011}} ''Slate'', 7 September 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2011.</ref> the remaining Soviet-made and Chinese-made fighters of the Iraqi Air Force had been decommissioned.

====Syria====
Syria was one of the first export customers of the MiG-29, receiving them before most of the [[Warsaw Pact]] nations did, with the Syrian Defence Minister Mustafa Tlass allegedly seeking up to 150 MiG-29s. The very first Fulcrums arrived in Syria in June or July 1987, a batch of 16, and many more were delivered into the later 1980s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=MiG-29 Fulcrum |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/mig-29-export.htm |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=Global Security}}</ref> A total of 48 MiG-29As and UBs were delivered in the original batches, and a further 16 were reportedly delivered in the middle to late 1990s, reportedly airframes built for Iraq in 1990-91 but undelivered due to sanctions and the Gulf War. These were upgraded to an unknown standard.<ref name="Israeli-Syrian Shadow-Boxing." />

[[Syrian Arab Air Force]] MiG-29s have sometimes encountered [[Israeli Air Force|Israeli]] fighter and reconnaissance aircraft. Two Israeli F-15Cs reportedly shot down two MiG-29As on 2 June 1989 under unclear circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_270.shtml |title=Israeli Air-to-Air Victories since 1974 |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221141546/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_270.shtml |archive-date= 21 February 2009 |url-status=usurped |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Israeli-Syrian Shadow-Boxing.">Cooper, Tom. {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081003004730/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_437.shtml "Israeli-Syrian Shadow-Boxing."]}} ''ACIG'', 30 September 2003. Retrieved 9 September 2025</ref> Some reports claim that between 1990 and 1991, several air battles occurred between the Syrians and the Israelis and one MiG-29 at least is reported to have been lost in those engagements, with Israeli losses claimed by unreported and unverified.<ref name=":1" /> Further reports claim that on 14 September 2001 two Syrian Air Force MiG-29s were shot down by two Israeli F-15Cs while the MiGs were intercepting an Israeli reconnaissance aircraft off the coast of Lebanon. However, both Syria and Israel deny that this occurred, yet unofficial sources continue to hold that an engagement did take place, with the names of the Syrian pilots given being Maj. Arshad Midhat Mubarak, and Capt. Ahmad al-Khatab and both were reported rescued from the Mediterranean. It is stated that the battle occurred when an Israeli Air Force [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707 SIGINT]] aircraft, escorted by two F-15Cs armed with advanced Python Mk.IV missiles, was conducting a routine surveillance mission along the Lebanese and Syrian coasts, monitoring telecommunications and radar activity near Tripoli and Hamidiyah. Such missions, conducted twice weekly, were typically shadowed by Syrian interceptors—usually MiG-23s or MiG-29s—that maintained a safe distance and showed no hostile intent. However, at 09:14 that day, two Syrian MiG-29s suddenly turned aggressively toward the Israeli formation, prompting the F-15s to order the 707 to retreat and activate ECM, while reinforcements were scrambled. After warnings on the international distress frequency were ignored, one F-15 shot down the lead MiG-29 with a [[Python (missile)|Python Mk.IV]] missile, while the second MiG, attempting to retreat, was destroyed by a close-range [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9M]] Sidewinder, both crashing into the Mediterranean .<ref name="Israeli-Syrian Shadow-Boxing."/><ref>[http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/mig-29.htm "Ejection history."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017035011/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/mig-29.htm |date=17 October 2007}} ''ejection-history.org.uk''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/05/breaking2453413.05625.html "Israel downed 2 Syrian MiGs in 2001."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081117041424/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/05/breaking2453413.05625.html |date=17 November 2008}} WorldTribune.com. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

Syrian MiG-29s entered the [[Syrian Civil War]] in late October 2013, attacking [[Free Syrian Army]] insurgents with unguided rockets and bombs in [[Damascus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theaviationist.com/2013/10/22/mig-29-damascus/#.UoFe7OJXn0c |title=Syrian Mig-29 Fulcrum jets appear in the skies over Damascus during ground attack missions |work=The Aviationist |access-date=14 November 2014 |date=2013-10-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150226191156/http://theaviationist.com/2013/10/22/mig-29-damascus/#.UoFe7OJXn0c |archive-date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and during the war, MiG-29SM fighters (a deep upgrade by Russia of the platform) were delivered to the SyAAF. A Syrian MiG-29SM crashed on 5 March 2020 near [[Shayrat Airbase]]. Marking the first crash of the plane in the Syrian Air Force since 2001. According to ''avia.pro'' the aircraft may have been shot down by [[MANPADS]] operated by the [[Syrian Opposition]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avia.pro/news/smi-turciya-sbila-siriyskiy-mig-29-video |title=СМИ: Турция сбила сирийский МиГ-29. Видео |website=avia.pro |access-date=19 September 2020 |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508191451/http://avia.pro/news/smi-turciya-sbila-siriyskiy-mig-29-video |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.defence24.pl/spadl-syryjski-mig-29-okolicznosci-niejasne|title=Spadł syryjski MiG-29. Okoliczności niejasne |work= Defence24 |place= PL |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201001162907/https://www.defence24.pl/spadl-syryjski-mig-29-okolicznosci-niejasne|url-status=live}}</ref> After the fall of the Assad Ba'athist Regime, the remaining assets of the SyAAF were largely taken over the opposition but the Israelis - who were concerned about the instability with the new regime - destroyed at least 30 MiG-29s as part of [[Operation Bashan Arrow]] which involved Israeli Strikes on Syrian Defence Infrastructure including air bases,<ref>{{Cite web |last=David |first=Daoud |date=17 December 2024 |title=Israel's Bashan Arrow operation in Syria continues |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2024/12/israels-bashan-arrow-operation-in-syria-continues.php |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=Long War Journal}}</ref> and the condition of the remaining aircraft is uncertain. 

==== Malaysia ====
[[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich Mig-29 Fulcrum, Malaysia - Air Force JP7323767.jpg|thumb|A Malaysian MiG-29 in 2012]]

The [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] operated 18 MiG-29N/NUB aircraft from 1995 to 2017 out of its [[RMAF Kuantan Air Base|air base in Kuantan]]. The aircraft were modified to have an improved engine and stronger airframe to meet Malaysian requirements.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Sik |first1=Ko Swan |title=CHRONICLE OF EVENTS AND INCIDENTS RELATING TO ASIA WITH RELEVANCE TO INTERNATIONAL LAW: July 1993-June 1994 |date=1995 |work=Asian Yearbook of International Law, Volume 4 (1994) |pages=407–526 |editor-last=Sik |editor-first=Ko Swan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwtwj.18 |access-date=2024-09-15 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-411-0872-2 |last2=Hamzah |first2=Wan Arfah |last3=Akira |first3=Kotera |jstor=10.1163/j.ctv2gjwtwj.18 |editor2-last=Pinto |editor2-first=M.C.W. |editor3-last=Syatauw |editor3-first=J.J.G.}}</ref>

In 2009, it was announced that the jets would be gradually phased out by the end of 2010 as a result of increasing maintenance costs, which would save approximately $76 million annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=vasundhara |date=2009-10-28 |title=Malaysia to Phase Out MiG-29N Jets |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/news68455-html/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Malaysian defence ministry subsequently went back on its position and announced it would keep ten planes in service and only retire the remaining six.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaysia to retain MiG-29s |url=https://worldofaviation.com/2010/02/malaysia-to-retain-mig-29s/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=The World of Aviation |language=en-AU}}</ref> In 2013, it was announced that the MiG-29 fleet would be retired by 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Overhaul in defence procurement process needed to give Malaysia better bang for its buck - Twentytwo13 |url=https://twentytwo13.my/overhaul-in-defence-procurement-process-needed-to-give-malaysia-better-bang-for-its-buck/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref> However, delays with its Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program meant the jets were kept in service and set to be upgraded to extend their lifespan, but these plans ultimately did not materialise and they were finally retired in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pocock |first=Chris |title=Malaysia Grounds MiG-29s and Rethinks Future Fighter {{!}} AIN |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-11-09/malaysia-grounds-mig-29s-and-rethinks-future-fighter |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Aviation International News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gosselin-Malo |first=Elisabeth |date=2024-02-21 |title=Malaysia is becoming wary of its Russian-made weapons |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2024/02/21/malaysia-is-becoming-wary-of-its-russian-made-weapons/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref>

One crashed in 1998 as a result of hydraulic and battery failures, and another in 2004 after its engine caught on fire after takeoff. Both pilots ejected and survived.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29N M43-07, Tuesday 9 November 2004 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/56701 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29N M43-17, Wednesday 2 September 1998 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/56698 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref>

==== North Korea ====
[[File:DPRK MiG-29.jpg|thumb|A North Korean MiG-29 intercepting a USAF RC-135S in 2003]]

The [[Korean People's Air Force]] is believed to operate about 18 MiG-29s which are assigned to the 55th Air Regiment based at [[Sunchon Airport|Sunchon Air Base]]. In addition to 13 MiG-29 (9.12B) Fulcrum As and 2 Fulcrum B trainers that were delivered in 1987, North Korea also became the only Cold War export customer and licensed manufacturer of the Fulcrum-C.<ref name="Mitzer-2020">{{Cite book |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |title=Armed Forces of North Korea: On the Path of Songun |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |publisher=Helion Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-910777-14-5}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2024}} Called the MiG-29S-13 (9.13B) Fulcrum-C, they were delivered to North Korea from the USSR/Russia between 1991 and 1992 in knock down parts. Only three S-13s were completed due to Russia refusing to supply more parts to North Korea. The first locally built Fulcrum-C flew on 15 April 1993.<ref name="Mitzer-2020" />{{page needed|date=July 2024}} These were first encountered and photographed by the USAF in March 2003 when a pair of KPAF MiG-29s intercepted an [[United States Air Force|USAF]] [[Boeing RC-135|RC-135S Cobra Ball]] reconnaissance aircraft.<ref>[http://www6.atwiki.jp/namacha/pages/230.html "MiG-29戦闘機（ファルクラム）（北朝鮮）" (in Japanese).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210120725/http://www6.atwiki.jp/namacha/pages/230.html|date=10 February 2012}} Atwiki.jp. Retrieved 5 October 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Schmitt |first1=Eric |date=4 March 2003 |title=North Korea MiG's Intercept U.S. Jet on Spying Mission |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/04/world/north-korea-mig-s-intercept-us-jet-on-spying-mission.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129063025/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/04/world/north-korea-mig-s-intercept-us-jet-on-spying-mission.html |archive-date=29 November 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 17 May 2025. North Korean MiG-29 was seen using its new active radar homing missile which resembles the [[AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120]] and [[PL-12]]. The missile seems to outperform the given Soviet-era MiG-29's radar in terms of range.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikolov |first=Boyko |date=2025-05-18 |title=North Korea's MiG-29 fires new radar-guided missile in bold test |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2025/05/18/north-koreas-mig-29-fires-new-radar-guided-missile-in-bold-test/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=North Korea Unveils New Air-to-Air Missile Resembling China's PL-12 |url=https://www.defensemirror.com/news/39518 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.defensemirror.com}}</ref>

====Sudan====
[[File:Sudan Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29SE (9-12SE) MTI-2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sudanese Air Force]] MiG-29SE]]

There have been occasional claims regarding the use of [[Sudanese Air Force]] MiG-29s against insurgent forces in [[Darfur]]. However, whereas [[Mil Mi-24|Mi-24]] combat helicopters as well as [[Nanchang Q-5|Nanchang A-5]] or, more recently, [[Su-25]] ground-attack aircraft have been spotted and photographed on Darfurian airfields, no MiG-29s have been observed. On 10 May 2008, a Darfur rebel group, the [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) mounted an [[2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum|assault]] on the Sudanese capital. During this action, the JEM shot down a [[Sudanese Air Force]] MiG-29 with {{convert|12.7|and|14.5|mm|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} heavy machine gun fire while it was attacking a convoy of vehicles in the [[Khartoum]] suburb of [[Omdurman]]. The aircraft was piloted by a Russian mercenary. He was killed in action as his parachute did not open after ejecting.<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20080530.aspx "Russian Fighter Pilot Shot Down In Sudan."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601233129/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20080530.aspx |date=1 June 2008}} strategypage.com, 30 May 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>Ali, Wasil. [http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27350 "Russia says fighter pilot shot down in Sudan was an ex-military officer."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513060232/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27350 |date=13 May 2015}} sudantribune.com, 30 May 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2008/af_sudan0189_05_29.asp "Russian pilots fly Sudan MIGs in Darfour missions."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601043625/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2008/af_sudan0189_05_29.asp |date=1 June 2008}} ''World Tribune'', 29 May 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> On 14 November 2008 Sudanese Ministry of Defence admitted that Sudan had received 12 MiG-29s from Russia.<ref name=sudan>''Informacje'' in "Raport - Wojsko Technika Obronność" Nr. 12/2008, p. 62 {{in lang|pl}}</ref> An anonymous Russian source claimed that the aircraft had been delivered before 2004.<ref name=sudan/>

During the brief [[Heglig Crisis|2012 South Sudan–Sudan border conflict]], on 4 April 2012, Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) claimed the downing of a Sudanese MiG-29 using antiaircraft guns. The Sudan government denied the claim.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201204050273.html "South Sudan: Nation Guns Down War Plane, Khartoum Denies."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111022923/http://allafrica.com/stories/201204050273.html |date=11 November 2013}} ''Allafrica'', 5 April 2012.</ref> On 16 April 2012, the SPLA issued a second claim about the downing of a Sudanese MiG-29.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/BREAKING-NEWS-SPLA-shoots-down,42284 "SPLA shoots down Khartoum jet fighter over Heglig: officials."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707095316/http://www.sudantribune.com/BREAKING-NEWS-SPLA-shoots-down,42284 |date=7 July 2012}} ''Sudan Tribune'', 17 April 2012.</ref> It was not clear if this second claim referred to the previous one.

On 15 April 2023, a Sudanese MiG-29 was captured on film firing missiles over Khartoum during a skirmish with paramilitary forces.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=air_intel|number=1647190457380683781|title=A Sudanese Air Force MiG-29 firing a rocket over Khartoum as fighting continues between the Army & paramilitary forces}}</ref>

On 25 May 2023, a Sudanese MiG-29 was filmed being shot down by the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) over [[Omdurman]].{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The pilot ejected and survived, although he was wounded and captured.<ref>{{cite web |last=Abdul |first=Kazim |title=Sudan's RSF Shoots Down Russian-Made MiG-29 Fighter Jet over Khartoum: A Stalemate Emerges in the Ongoing Conflict |website=Military Africa |date=25 May 2023 |url=https://www.military.africa/2023/05/sudans-rsf-shoots-down-russian-made-mig-29-fighter-jet-over-khartoum-a-stalemate-emerges-in-the-ongoing-conflict/ |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807051331/https://www.military.africa/2023/05/sudans-rsf-shoots-down-russian-made-mig-29-fighter-jet-over-khartoum-a-stalemate-emerges-in-the-ongoing-conflict/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====United States====
In 1997, the US purchased 21 Moldovan MiG-29 aircraft under the [[Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction]] program. Fourteen were MiG-29S models, which are equipped with an active radar jammer in its spine and are capable of being armed with nuclear weapons. Part of the US' motive to purchase these aircraft was to prevent them from being sold to Iran.<ref name= link>[http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1197 "Transcript."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061002092955/http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1197 |date=2 October 2006}} ''Defense Link''. Retrieved 30 September 2010.</ref> This purchase could also provide the tactical fighter communities of the [[USAF]], the [[USN]] and the [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]] with a working evaluation and data for the MiG-29, and possibly for use in dissimilar air combat training. Such information may prove valuable in any future conflicts and can aid in the design and testing of current and future weapons platforms. In late 1997, the MiGs were delivered to the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] in Ohio, though many of the former Moldovan MiG-29s are believed to have been [[aircraft boneyard|scrapped]]. Some of these MiG-29s are currently on open display at [[Nellis AFB]], Nevada; [[NAS Fallon]], Nevada; [[Goodfellow AFB]], Texas; and [[Wright-Patterson AFB]], Ohio.

====Others====
A [[1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft|Cuban MiG-29UB shot down two]] [[Cessna 337]]s belonging to the organisation [[Brothers to the Rescue]] in 1996, after the aircraft approached Cuban airspace.<ref>[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/86-99.html "Cuba."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227053640/http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/86-99.html |date=27 December 2007}} ''UMN''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

According to some reports, in the 1999 [[Eritrean-Ethiopian War]], a number of Eritrean MiG-29s were shot down by Ethiopian [[Su-27]]s piloted by Russian mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=44&Itemid=62 |title=Different African Air-to-Air Victories |author=Sander Peeters |website=acig.org |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012718/http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=44&Itemid=62 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was reported that local pilots were trained by instructors from those nations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_189.shtml |title= II Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998–2000 |website= acig.org |access-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201234428/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_189.shtml |archive-date=2010-02-01}}</ref> There are also some other reports of Eritrean MiG-29s shooting down two Ethiopian MiG-21s, three MiG-23s.<ref name=Eritrean>{{cite web |url=http://s188567700.online.de/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=138&Itemid=47 |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |first2=Jonathan |last2=Kyzer |title=Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998–2000 |website= acig.org |date= 10 February 2008 |access-date=25 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210141029/http://s188567700.online.de/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=138&Itemid=47 |archive-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> The claim that an Eritrean MiG-29 shot down an Ethiopian Su-25 was later debunked, since the missing Ethiopian Su-25TK was damaged in an accident in May 2000, is actually stored and used for spares at Bishoftu Air Base.

{{As of|2022}}, [[Jane's Information Group]] reported the [[Bangladesh Air Force]] (BAF) operated 8 MiG-29s (6B & 2UB)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://janes.ihs.com/Janes/Display/jwafa020-jwaf |title=Jane's by IHS Markit |work=[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]] |access-date=2017-08-15 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135159/https://customer.janes.com/portal/Account/PreAuthenticate?callingurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcustomer.janes.com%2FJanes%2FDisplay%2Fjwafa020-jwaf |url-status=live}}</ref> though their have a low serviceability rate.{{cn|date=August 2025}}

After the end of the [[Yemeni Civil War (1994)|1994 civil war]], newly reunified [[Yemen]] inherited several intact MiG-29s, bought by South Yemen a few months earlier.<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=13}}</ref> In 1995–1996, Yemen also received two additional jets from Kazakhstan.<ref name="HSOY 2 14">{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=14}}</ref> In 2001, a major arms deal including the purchase of up to 36 upgraded MiG-29s was signed, with deliveries starting in June 2002.<ref name="HSOY 2 14" /> Equipped with N019MP radar and an advanced fire control system, they became the most advanced combat aircraft in the Yemeni Air force arsenal. They are compatible with [[Kh-31]]P and [[Kh-29]]T guided air-to-ground missiles, as well as [[R-77]] air-to-air missiles.<ref name="HSOY 2 14" />

===Potential operators and failed bids===
Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Finland had a policy of splitting procurement of armaments between western, eastern and domestic suppliers. The MiG-29 was planned to replace the [[Finnish Air Force]]'s MiG-21 fighters up to 1988, with test flights having been done.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://areena.yle.fi/audio/1-50436567|title=Fighters from East and West - Episode 2|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=10 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211210140223/https://areena.yle.fi/audio/1-50436567|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the second half of the 1980s, the Soviet Union offered the MiG-29 to Libya. The offer was turned down, as the weapons system and radar of the MiG-29 were assessed as similar to those of the MiG-23MLD already in service with the [[Libyan Arab Air Force]]. The MiG-29's price was also deemed much too high.{{Sfn |Cooper|2018b|page=47}}

During 1989–1990, the [[Soviet Union]] delivered 49 helicopters and 125 aircraft{{clarify|Helicopters are a type of aircraft.|date=May 2024}} after the [[Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan]]. The [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] additionally requested the MiG-29 for the [[Afghan Air Force (1978-1992)|Afghan Air Force]], although this was turned down.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wings over the Hindu Kush {{!}} Asia@War {{!}} Helion & Company |url=https://www.helion.co.uk/military-history-books/wings-over-the-hindu-kush-air-forces-aircraft-and-air-warfare-of-afghanistan-1989-2001.php |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.helion.co.uk}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2024}}

In 1989, Zimbabwe ordered a squadron's worth of MiG-29s to the USSR. Some [[Air Force of Zimbabwe]] personnel travelled to Russia for conversion courses, but in 1992 the deal was cancelled, as the geopolitical situation of the region was stabilising.{{Sfn |Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|pages=208–9}}

In December 2008, Russia moved to expand its military influence in the Middle East when it announced it was giving Lebanon 10 fighter jets, that would have been the most significant upgrade of Lebanon's military since the civil war ended almost two decades before. A Russian defence ministry representative said it was giving secondhand MiG-29s to Lebanon for free. This was to be part of a defence cooperation deal that would have included Lebanese military personnel training in Russia.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/18/russia-lebanon-jets-arms-supply "Russia Lebanon jets arms supply."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202140342/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/18/russia-lebanon-jets-arms-supply |date=2 February 2017}} ''The Guardian''.  Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>  On 29 February 2010, Russia agreed to change the offer to 10 Mi-24 attack helicopters based on a Lebanese request.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/tanks-planes-and-uavs-for-lebanon-05382/ |title=Equipping Lebanon's... Government? |date=30 October 2014 |work=Defense Industry Daily |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141112150108/https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/tanks-planes-and-uavs-for-lebanon-05382/ |archive-date=12 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2021 Russia offered the [[Argentine Air Force]] a batch of 15 MiG-29 fighters and another of [[Su-30]] fighters with 12 units and seek also the sale of [[Yak-130]] training jet and [[Mil Mi-17]] helicopters.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.airway1.com/russia-reportedly-offered-mig-29-and-su-30-fighters-to-argentina/|title=Russia reportedly offered MiG-29 and Su-30 fighters to Argentina|date=31 January 2021|access-date=20 March 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210226032349/https://www.airway1.com/russia-reportedly-offered-mig-29-and-su-30-fighters-to-argentina/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Variants==
=== Original Soviet variants ===
[[File:BAF MiG-29s in flight Garchev.png|thumb|A squadron of [[Bulgarian Air Force]] MiG-29 "Fulcrum-A"]]
[[File:MiG-29 Graf Ignatievo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Bulgarian Air Force]] MiG-29UB]]

;MiG-29 (Product 9.12)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197174/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29a/ |title=Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29A |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823041922/https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197174/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29a/ |archive-date=23 August 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
:Initial production version for Soviet Air Force; entered service in 1983. NATO reporting name is "Fulcrum-A". Variant possessed the Phazotron N019 Rubin radar, OEPS-29 optical-electronic sighting system and helmet mounted sight.

;MiG-29 (Product 9.12A) 'Fulcrum-A'
:Export variant of the 9.12 for [[Warsaw Pact]] countries which included a downgraded RPLK-29E radar, downgraded OEPrNK-29E optoelectronic and navigation systems and older IFF transponders. This variant also lacked the capability to deliver nuclear weapons. Delivered to East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sudan, and Romania.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

;MiG-29 (Product 9.12B) 'Fulcrum-A'
:MiG-29 variant of the 9.12 for non Warsaw Pact countries which included a further downgraded radar and avionics. Delivered to India, Iraq, Syria, North Korea, Cuba, Malaysia, Myanmar and Eritrea.<ref>{{cite book| title=Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum - multi-role fighter |last= Gordon |first= Yefim |date=1999 |publisher= MBI Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/mikoyanmig29fulc0000gord/mode/2up |page= 44 |access-date=25 December 2023 |isbn= 0-7603-0764-4 |oclc= 1150808027}}</ref>

;MiG-29UB (Product 9.51)
:Twin seat training model. Infrared sensor mounted only, no radar. NATO reporting name is "Fulcrum-B".

;MiG-29 (Product 9.13) 'Fulcrum-C'
:Update of the initial production version; entered service in 1986.  NATO reporting name is "Fulcrum-C". Variant possessed an enlarged dorsal spine to accommodate a larger No.1 fuel tank and the installation of the L-203BE Gardenyia-1 jammer that was lacking on the initial 9.12 version. This enlarged spine earned the 9.13 version and its successors the nickname of "Fatback".{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 65}}

;MiG-29 (Product 9.13B) 'Fulcrum-C'
:Export variant of the 9.13 provided to North Korea in semi-knocked down (SKD) kits and built in [[Panghyon Airport|Panghyon]] between 1991 and 1992. Like the 9.13, it has the Gardenyia-1 jammer but has downgraded avionics and no IFF.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |date=2014-02-19 |title=Oryx Blog: The KPAF investigated: North Korea's MiG-29s |url= http://spioenkop.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-kpaf-investigated-north-koreas-mig.html |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Oryx Blog |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140324114219/http://spioenkop.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-kpaf-investigated-north-koreas-mig.html |archive-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref> Other sources say the Gardenyia was not delivered to North Korea.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|pp=69, 487}}

;MiG-29S (Product 9.13S)
:The MiG-29S was an update of the original 9.13 model retaining the NATO reporting code "Fulcrum-C" and featured flight control system improvements; a total of four new computers provided better stability augmentation and controllability with an increase of 2° in [[angle of attack]] (AoA). An improved mechanical-hydraulic [[aircraft flight control system|flight control system]] allowed for greater control surface deflections. The MiG-29S can carry {{convert|1150|liter|impgal usgal|abbr=on|adj=on}} under wing drop tanks and a centerline tank. The inboard underwing [[hardpoint]]s allow a tandem pylon arrangement for carrying a larger payload of {{convert|4000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Overall maximum gross weight was raised to {{convert|20000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. This version also included new avionics and the new Phazotron N019M radar and [[Built-in test equipment|Built-In Test Equipment]] (BITE) to reduce dependence on ground support equipment. Development of this version was initiated due to multiple systems being compromised to the West by Phazotron engineer [[Adolf Tolkachev]].  This was the final version of the MiG-29 produced before the collapse of the Soviet Union and only limited numbers were produced.

=== Upgraded variants based on original airframe ===
;MiG-29S (Product 9.12S)
:Post Soviet upgrade for older 9.12 variants incorporating the changes developed for version 9.13S.
;MiG-29SD (Product 9.12SD)
:Export variant of upgraded 9.12S with downgraded versions of radar and avionics.

;MiG-29SE (Product 9.13SE)
:Export variant of the 9.13S with slightly downgraded N-019ME radar with multiple target tracking ability and RVV-AE (R-77 missile) compatibility. The first export model MiG-29 with underwing drop tanks; the inner underwing pylons can carry over {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} bombs in side by side tandem pairs. Its weapons mix includes R-27T1, R-27ER1 and R-27ET1 medium-range missiles. The aircraft can be fitted with active ECM systems, weapons guidance aids, improved built-in check and training systems. The MiG-29SE can simultaneously engage two air targets.

;MiG-29SM (Product 9.13M)
:Similar to the 9.13, but with the ability to carry guided air-to-surface missiles and TV- and [[laser-guided bomb]]s. NATO reporting code is "Fulcrum-C".

;MiG-29SM (SyAF)
:For the Syrian Air Force, and based on the MiG-29SM, except the Syrian MiG-29SM uses the 9.12 airframe. RAC MiG developed a special variant for Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/39087/russia-helps-keep-syria-s-mig-29s-flying |title=Russia helps keep Syria's MiG-29s flying |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140612161151/http://www.janes.com/article/39087/russia-helps-keep-syria-s-mig-29s-flying |archive-date= 12 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:MiG-29 Fulcrum B Luftwaffe.jpg|thumb|[[German Air Force]] MiG-29GT]]
;MiG-29G/MiG-29GT
:East German MiG-29A / 29UB upgraded to NATO standards, with work done by MiG Aircraft Product Support GmbH (MAPS), a joint venture company form between MiG Moscow Aviation Production Association and [[DaimlerChrysler Aerospace]] in 1993.<ref>[http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/3-2007/ic/article2/ "Moscow Defense Brief."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090820094539/http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/3-2007/ic/article2/ |date=20 August 2009}} ''MDB.Cast.ru''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

;MiG-29AS/MiG-29UBS
:[[Slovak Air Force]] performed an upgrade on their MiG-29A/-29UB for NATO compatibility. Work is done by RAC MiG and Western firms, starting from 2005. The aircraft now has navigation and communications systems from Rockwell Collins, an [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]] system from BAE Systems, new glass cockpit features multi-function LC displays and digital processors and also fitted to be integrate with Western equipment in the future. However, the armaments of the aircraft remain unchanged. 12 out of 21 of the entire MiG-29 fleet were upgraded and had been delivered as of late February 2008.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

[[File:MiG-29Sniper.jpg|thumb|MiG-29 ''Sniper'']]
;MiG-29 ''Sniper''
:Upgrade planned for the [[Romanian Air Force]] by [[DaimlerChrysler Aerospace|DASA]], [[Aerostar (Romanian company)|Aerostar]] and [[Elbit]]. DASA was responsible for program management, technical support and the test flight program (together with Elbit), Elbit was responsible for developing the avionics package, while Aerostar implemented the upgrades on the aircraft. The first flight occurred on 5 May 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/bacau/mig-ul-29-sniper-a-ajuns-la-berlin-fara-escala~ni1bdd|title=MiG-ul 29 Sniper a ajuns la Berlin fara escala|language=ro|work=Ziarul de Iași|date=6 June 2000 |access-date=26 March 2022|archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220414012410/https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/bacau/mig-ul-29-sniper-a-ajuns-la-berlin-fara-escala~ni1bdd |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/aerostar/dasa-fly-first-mig-29-sniper-upgrade-/32108.article|title=Aerostar/Dasa fly first MiG-29 Sniper upgrade|work=FlightGlobal|date=16 May 2000|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220325234748/https://www.flightglobal.com/aerostar/dasa-fly-first-mig-29-sniper-upgrade-/32108.article|archive-date=25 March 2022}}</ref> The upgrades included the installation of a new modular multirole computer based on the [[MIL-STD-1553]]B data bus, upgraded Western avionics, new radio stations, hybrid navigation system composed of an inertial navigation system and coupled with GPS receiver, identification system, two {{convert|152|×|203|mm|in|abbr=on}} MFCDs, a Head-Up Display equipped with UFCP front control panel, new [[radar warning receiver|RWR]], new HOTAS and new ADC. The addition of a new radar and the integration of Western weapons while maintaining Russian ones were also expected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/aripi-romanesti-mig-29-in-roaf|title=Aripi romanesti : MIG 29 in RoAF...|work=Rumania Military|date=4 August 2011|access-date=26 March 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623144942/https://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/aripi-romanesti-mig-29-in-roaf|url-status=live}}</ref> The program halted due to various reasons, along with the retiring of Romanian MiG-29A/UB in 2003, the [[Romanian Government]] deciding to further invest in the [[MiG-21 LanceR]] program.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenseromania.ro/armata-romaniei-dupa-30-de-ani_613443.html|title=Armata României, după 30 de ani: De la MiG-29 la F-16. Ce s-a schimbat din 1989 până în prezent|language=ro|author=Tudor Curtifan|date=25 October 2021|access-date=26 March 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526220730/https://www.defenseromania.ro/armata-romaniei-dupa-30-de-ani_613443.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29SMT (9-19), Russia - Air Force AN2269907.jpg|thumb|A Russian Air Force MiG-29SMT]]
;MiG-29SMT (Product 9.17)
:The [[Mikoyan MiG-29M#Variants|MiG-29SMT]] is an upgrade of first-generation MiG-29s (9.12 to 9.13) using enhancements on the MiG-29M. Additional fuel tanks in a further enlarged spine provide a maximum internal flight range of {{convert|2100|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The cockpit has an enhanced HOTAS design, two {{convert|152|×|203|mm|in|abbr=on}} colour liquid crystal MFDs and two smaller monochrome LCDs. The MiG-29A lacked an advanced air-to-ground capability, thus the SMT upgrade adds the upgraded Zhuk-ME radar with air-to-ground radar detection and integrates air-to-ground guided weapons.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060226171501/http://www.airforceworld.com/fighter/eng/mig29.htm "Mig-29 fighter jet family, Russia"] ''AirForceWorld.com'' Retrieved 23 August 2013.</ref> It also has upgraded RD-33 ser.3 engines with afterburning thrust rated at {{convert|8300|kgf|kN lbf|order=out|abbr=on}} each. The weapons load was increased to {{convert|4500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} on six underwing and one ventral hardpoints, with similar weapon choices to the MiG-29M. It can also accommodate non-Russian origin avionics and weapons.<ref>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_29_SMT_e.htm "MiG-29SMT, upgraded MiG-29UB aircraft."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013550/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_29_SMT_e.htm |date=1 March 2011}} ''RAC MiG''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family/mig-29smt-mig-29ub-upgraded |title=MiG-29SMT/MiG-29UB upgraded |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627050337/http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family/mig-29smt-mig-29ub-upgraded |archive-date=27 June 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Mikoyan MiG-29 BM Variant - Jet fighter - 36100 - Bangladesh Air Force - VGHS.jpg|thumb|Bangladesh Air Force MiG-29BM]]
;MiG-29BM
:The MiG-29BM (probably Belarusian Modernised, possibly Bolyshaya Modernizaciya – large modernization) is an upgrade conducted by the ARZ-558 aircraft repair plant in Baranovichi, Belarus. It is a strike variant of the MiG-29 and the Belarusian counterpart to the Russian MiG-29SMT. It includes improvements to weapons, radar, as well as adding non-retractable air-air refueling ability.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} They entered service in 2003 and it is estimated, that ten or so were modernized to BM standard.<ref>Furtak, Marek (2016). ''MiG-29BM - myśliwiec wielozadaniowy Sił Powietrznych Białorusi''. in: "Lotnictwo" Nr. 1/2016(177), pp. 52–58 (in Polish)</ref> The [[Bangladesh Air Force]] upgraded its MiG-29B similar to BM standard.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh plans to upgrade a second batch of MiG-29 fighters |url= https://www.blogbeforeflight.net/2021/03/bangladesh-mig29-modernization.html |access-date=2021-07-12|website=Blog Before Flight |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210524090929/https://www.blogbeforeflight.net/2021/03/bangladesh-mig29-modernization.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

;MiG-29UBT (Product 9.51T)
:SMT standard upgrade for the MiG-29UB. Namely users, Russia,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MiG-29UBT Twin-seat multirole combat aircraft |url=https://www.redstar.gr/en/russian-aerial-means/aircraft/mikoyan-gurevich/mig-29ubt-twin-seat-multirole-combat-aircraft.html |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=www.redstar.gr}}</ref> Algeria and Yemen.<ref>[http://www.cast.ru/eng/?id=274 "CAST comments."] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070510160620/http://www.cast.ru/eng/?id=274 |date=10 May 2007}} ''Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies''. Retrieved 2 August 2010.</ref><ref>[http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/1-2005/ff/largest_identified/ "Moscow Defense Brief."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919020449/http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/1-2005/ff/largest_identified/ |date=19 September 2009}} ''mdb.cast.ru''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

;MiG-29UPG
:The UPG was a modified variant intended for upgrdation of the MiG-29Bs used by the Indian Air Force. The version is similar to the SMT variant with an imported avionics suite.<ref name="Upgrade"/> It includes [[Zhuk radar#Zhuk-M (Export Designation Zhuk-ME)|Zhuk-M]] radar, new avionics, an IFR probe, DRDO D-29 electronic warfare system, and enhanced RD-33 series 3 turbofan engines.<ref name="Upgrade"/><ref name="TOI"/> It made its maiden flight on 4 February 2011.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 December 2012 |title=Russia delivers three upgraded MiG-29 fighter jets to India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2012/Dec/11/russia-delivers-three-upgraded-mig-29-fighter-jets-to-india-432966.html |access-date=15 February 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Tiwari |first=Sakshi |date=18 August 2022 |title=Russia Assures Swift Delivery Of 'UPGraded' MiG-29 UPG Fighters To India After France Delivers All 36 Rafales |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/india-to-get-swift-delivery-of-upgraded-mig-29-fighters/ |access-date=15 February 2025 |work=Eurasian Times}}</ref>

;MiG-29SMP / MiG-29UBP
:The SMP/UBP are upgrades for the Peruvian Air Force MiG-29SE fleet. In August 2008 a contract of US$106 million was signed with [[Mikoyan|RAC MiG]] for this custom SM upgrade of an initial batch of eight MiG-29, with a provision for upgrading all of Peru's MiG-29s.<ref name="mindef.gob.pe">[http://www.mindef.gob.pe/informacion/prensa.php?mod=2&id=639 "Fuerza Aéra del Perú firma contrato para reparar MiG-29."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817115426/http://www.mindef.gob.pe/informacion/prensa.php?mod=2&id=639 |date=17 August 2008}} ''[[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Ministry of Defense]]'', 12 August 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2008.</ref> The single-seat version is designated SMP, whereas the twin-seat version is designated UBP. It features an improved ECM suite, avionics, sensors, pilot interface, and a MIL-STD-1553 databus. The interfaces include improved IRST capabilities for enhanced passive detection and tracking as well as better off-boresight launch capabilities, one MFCD and HOTAS.<ref>Wojciechowski, Mariusz. [http://www.mars.slupsk.pl/fort/mig/mig-29-pe.htm "MiG-29."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415013047/http://www.mars.slupsk.pl/fort/mig/mig-29-pe.htm |date=15 April 2012}} ''mars.slupsk.pl''. Retrieved 28 November 2011</ref> The N019M1 radar, a heavily modified and upgraded digital version of the N019 radar, replaces the standard N010 Zhuk-M of the MiG-29SMT. The upgrade also includes a structural life-extension program (SLEP), overhauled and upgraded engines, and the addition of an in-flight refuelling probe.<ref>[http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6565:la-fuerza-aerea-de-peru-muestra-su-capacidad-de-combate&catid=55:latinoamerica&Itemid=163 "La Fuerza Aérea de Perú muestra su capacidad de combate."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630202851/http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6565:la-fuerza-aerea-de-peru-muestra-su-capacidad-de-combate&catid=55:latinoamerica&Itemid=163 |date=30 June 2017}} defensa.com, 25 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.</ref>

;MiG-29N/NUB
:Designation of the export of 16 MiG-29SD and 2 MiG-29UB for the [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yu Jin's Jets |url=https://www.angelfire.com/pe/yujin/fulcrum02.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.angelfire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Colours of the MiG-29. Mikoyan & Gurevich MiG-29 camouflage and painting schemes. European countries, Russia, Asia. MiG-29, MiG-29UB, MiG-29SMT, MiG-29K/KUB, MiG-35 |url=http://mig.mariwoj.pl/mig-29-my.htm |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=mig.mariwoj.pl}}</ref>
;MiG-29MU1
:A Ukrainian modernization of the MiG-29A/S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Golz |first1=Alexander |title=MiG modernization in liviv |url=https://www.key.aero/article/mig-modernization-liviv |website=Key.Aero |date=21 December 2017 |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816210910/https://www.key.aero/article/mig-modernization-liviv |url-status=live }}</ref>

;MiG-29MU2
:A further Ukrainian modernization of the MiG-29S, focused on air to ground munitions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine's Uniquely Upgraded MiG-29 Fulcrum Is Back |author1=Thomas Newdick |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraines-uniquely-upgraded-mig-29-fulcrum-is-back |website=The Drive |date=8 August 2022 |access-date=10 August 2022 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824193805/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraines-uniquely-upgraded-mig-29-fulcrum-is-back |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Second-generation variants with modified airframe ===
[[File:MiG-29M NTW 7 8 93.jpg|thumb|Russian MiG-29M]]
;MiG-29M / MiG-33 (Product 9.15)
{{Main|Mikoyan MiG-29M}}
:Advanced multirole variant, with a redesigned airframe, mechanical flight controls replaced by a [[fly-by-wire]] system and powered by enhanced RD-33 ser.3M engines. NATO reporting code is "Fulcrum-E".

;MiG-29UBM (Product 9.61)
:Two-seat training variant of the MiG-29M. Never built. Effectively continued under the designation 'MiG-29M2'.

;MiG-29M2 / MiG-29MRCA
:Two-seat version of [[Mikoyan MiG-29M|MiG-29M]]. Identical characteristics to MiG-29M, with a slightly reduced ferry range of {{convert|1800|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="MiG-29M/M2_page">[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_29_M_M2_e.htm MiG-29M / "MiG-29M2."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103033258/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_29_M_M2_e.htm |date=3 January 2008}} ''RAC MiG''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> RAC MiG presented in various air shows, including Fifth China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition (CIAAE 2004),<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/200410/27/eng20041027_161780.html "Latest MiG-29 planes to be flown."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211040229/http://english.people.com.cn/200410/27/eng20041027_161780.html |date=11 December 2007}} ''People's Daily Online''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> [[Aero India#5th edition (2005)|Aero India 2005]],<ref>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/news/?id=19&tid=4 "Russian Aircraft Corporation 'MiG' at Aero India 2005."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108092635/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/news/?id=19&tid=4 |date=8 January 2014}} ''Rac MiG''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100424071946/http://www.acig.org/exclusives/aero/acig_aero05_mrca.htm "ACIG Exclusives: Aero India 2005: Chapter 4."]}} acig.org. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> MAKS 2005.<ref>Seaman, Richard. [http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/AirShows/Maks2005/Highlights/ "MAKS 2005 highlights."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070531023631/http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/AirShows/Maks2005/Highlights/ |date=31 May 2007}} ''richard-seaman.com''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> It was once given designation MiG-29MRCA for marketing purpose and now evolved into the current MiG-35.

[[File:MiG29-OVT-ENGINE.JPG|thumb|Russian MiG-29OVT on display]]
;{{anchor|MiG-29OVT}}MiG-29OVT
:The aircraft is one of the six pre-built MiG-29Ms before 1991, later received [[thrust vectoring]] engine and fly-by-wire technology. It served as a thrust-vectoring engine [[testbed]] and technology demonstrator in various air shows to show future improvement in the MiG-29M. It has identical avionics to the MiG-29M. The only difference in the cockpit layout is an additional switch to turn on vector thrust function. The two RD-133 thrust-vectoring engines, each features unique 3D rotating nozzles which can provide thrust vector deflection in all directions. However, despite its thrust-vectoring, other specifications were not officially emphasized. It is usually used as an aerobatic demonstrator and has been demonstrated along with the MiG-29M2 in various air shows around the world for potential export.<ref>[http://www.aviapedia.com/fighters/mig-29vft-video-smotr "MiG-29VFT video from “Smotr” TV-series."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601213158/http://www.aviapedia.com/fighters/mig-29vft-video-smotr |date=1 June 2007}} ''Aviapedia''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref>

[[File:MiG-29K at MAKS-2003 airshow.jpg|thumb|A [[Russian Naval Aviation]] MiG-29K]]
[[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29K ‘RF-92324 - 48 blue’ (36946836632).jpg|thumb|A Russian MiG-29K/KUB being displayed with folded wings]]
;MiG-29K (Product 9.31)
{{Main|Mikoyan MiG-29K}}
:Naval variant based on MiG-29M, the letter "K" stands for "Korabelnogo bazirovaniya" (deck-based). It features folding wings, arrestor gear, and reinforced landing gear. Originally intended for the [[Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier|''Admiral Kuznetsov'' class]] aircraft carriers, it had received series production approval from the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defence]] but was grounded in 1992 due to shift in military doctrine and financial difficulties.<ref name=Rac>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/production/?tid=1&id=4 "MiG-35/MiG-35D."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318034422/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/production/?tid=1&id=4 |date=18 March 2010}} ''Rac MiG''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> The MiG Corporation restarted the program in 1999. On 20 January 2004, the [[Indian Navy]] signed a contract of 12 single-seat MiG-29K and four two-seat MiG-29KUB.<ref name=Rac/> Modifications were made for the Indian Navy requirement. Production MiG-29K and MiG-29KUB share a two-seater size canopy. The MiG-29K has radar absorbing coatings to reduce [[Radar cross-section|radar signature]]. Cockpit displays consist of wide [[Head-up display|HUD]] and three (seven on MiG-29KUB) colour LCD MFDs with a [[Topsight E]] helmet-mounted targeting system. It has a full range of weapons compatible with the MiG-29M and MiG-29SMT.<ref>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/news/?id=18&tid=4&page=1 "MiG Corp. started series production of MiG-29K/KUB for Indian Navy."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414204008/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/news/?page=1&tid=4&id=18 |date=14 April 2005}} ''migavia.ru''. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> NATO reporting code is "Fulcrum-D".

[[File:Mig-29K getting ready to launch from INS Vikrant.jpg|thumb|An Indian MiG-29K/KUB two-seater on [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS Vikrant]]]]
;MiG-29KUB (Product 9.47)
:Identical characteristic to the MiG-29K but with tandem twin seat configuration. The design is to serve as trainer for MiG-29K pilot and is full combat capable. The first MiG-29KUB developed for the Indian Navy made its maiden flight at the Russian Zhukovsky aircraft test centre on 22 January 2007.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} NATO reporting code is "Fulcrum-D".

[[File:712BLUE MG29(M2)(MiG-35) Russian Air Force ZIA UUBW 1 (33847794464).jpg|thumb|A [[Russian Air Force]] MiG-35UB.]]
;MiG-35
{{Main|Mikoyan MiG-35}}
:A development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB. NATO reporting code is "Fulcrum-F".

==Operators==
{{main|List of Mikoyan MiG-29 operators}}
{{see also|Mikoyan MiG-29M#Operators|Mikoyan MiG-29K#Operators}}
[[File:Mig-29.operators.png|thumb|Operators of the Mig-29{{legend|#4b92c0|Current}}{{legend|#cc3333|Former}}]]
[[File:Military parade in Baku 2011 (498).jpg|thumb|[[Azerbaijani Air Force]] MiG-29]]
[[File:Rotate! 36501, Bangladesh Air Force Mig-29B (29930367676) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Bangladesh Air Force]] MiG-29SE 9.12SE{{efn|36501 was a 9.12SE{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=459}} }} Fulcrum takes off from [[Shahjalal International Airport]] ]]
[[File:Belarus Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 (9-13) Pichugin-1.jpg|thumb|MiG-29 9.13 of the [[Belarusian Air Force]]]]
[[File:Bulgarian mig-29 r-27.jpg|thumb|[[Bulgarian Air Force]] MiG-29]]
[[File:Chadian Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 (9-13) at Lviv International Airport.jpeg|thumb|MiG-29 9.13 of the [[Chadian Air Force]] lands at [[Lviv International Airport]]]]
[[File:Myanmar Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29B (9-12B) MRD-2.jpg|thumb|MiG-29 9.12B of the [[Myanmar Air Force]]]]

;{{Flag|Algeria}}
* [[Algerian Air Force]] – 26 MiG-29s in service in January 2014.<ref name=2014_Aero>"World Military Aircraft Inventory". ''2014 Aerospace: Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 2014.</ref><ref name=World_Air_Forces_2014>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |title= World Air Forces 2014 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |access-date= 27 August 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140810163035/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |archive-date= 10 August 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> 14 MiG-29M/M2s on order.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28173/MiG_29_On_A_Roll_After_Sales_Success_in_Algeria__India|title=MiG-29 on a Roll After Sales Success in Algeria, India|access-date=22 December 2021|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222163126/https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28173/MiG_29_On_A_Roll_After_Sales_Success_in_Algeria__India|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/27141-algerian-mig-29m2-spotted-for-the-first-time|title=Algerian MiG-29M2 spotted for the first time|access-date=22 December 2021|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222163128/https://www.aerotime.aero/27141-algerian-mig-29m2-spotted-for-the-first-time|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023 there are 39 MiG-29 fighters and 1 UB trainer available, with 5 on order.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.12</ref>
;{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
* [[Azerbaijani Air Forces]] – 12 MiG-29s and 3 UB trainers operational in 2023.<ref name=2014_Aero/><ref name=World_Air_Forces_2014/><ref name="World Air Forces p.13">2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.13</ref>
;{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
* [[Bangladesh Air Force]] – 6 MiG-29SEs (9.12SE){{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=459}} and 2 MiG-29UBs in service as of 2021. Four MiG-29SEs were upgraded for life extension in [[Belarus]]. Rest were upgraded in 2021–2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blogbeforeflight.net/2021/03/bangladesh-mig29-modernization.html|title=Bangladesh plans to upgrade a second batch of MiG-29 fighters|website=Blog Before Flight|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524090929/https://www.blogbeforeflight.net/2021/03/bangladesh-mig29-modernization.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-08 |title=BAF Starts Process To Modernize Second Batch Of Mig-29 |url=https://defencehub.live/threads/baf-starts-process-to-modernize-second-batch-of-mig-29.4265/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=DefenceHub {{!}} Global Military & Security Forum |language=en-US |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019034041/https://defencehub.live/threads/baf-starts-process-to-modernize-second-batch-of-mig-29.4265/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{Flag|Belarus}}
* [[Belarusian Air Force]] – 33 MiG-29s in inventory as of 2024<ref name="World Air Forces p.13"/>

;{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
* [[Bulgarian Air Force]] – 11 MiG-29s and 3 MiG-29UB used for [[Trainer aircraft#Operational conversion|conversion training]] in inventory as of 2025.<ref name="IISS212">{{cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2025 |title=The Military Balance 2025 |journal=The Military Balance |language=en |volume=}}</ref>

;{{Flag|Cuba}}
* [[Cuban Air Force|Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force]] – 4 MiG-29s in inventory as of 2023<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.16</ref>

;{{Flag|Egypt}}
* [[Egyptian Air Force]] – 46 MiG-29Ms delivered by 2021, with some lost on the ground in Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Guy |date=29 June 2021 |title=Egyptian MiG-29 deliveries concluded as Su-35 deliveries begin |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/aerospace/aerospace-aerospace/egyptian-mig-29-deliveries-concluded-as-su-35-deliveries-begin/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=Defence Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tack |first1=Sim |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |date=17 April 2023 |title=Egyptian MiG-29s Destroyed In Sudan |url=https://www.twz.com/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=The War Zone}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Eritrea}}
* [[Eritrean Air Force]] – 7 MiG-29s in service as of 2022, but none active in 2023<ref name=2014_Aero/><ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.22</ref>
;{{Flag|India}}
* [[Indian Air Force]] – 61 MiG-29s in service as of 2024.<ref name="India Today-2020">{{cite web|title=Amid Ladakh border standoff, Defence ministry to purchase 21 MiG-29s, 12 Su-30 MKI aircraft|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amid-ladakh-border-standoff-defence-ministry-to-purchase-21-mig-29s-12-su-30-mki-aircraft-1696280-2020-07-02|access-date=2020-07-06|website=India Today|date=2 July 2020 |language=en|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702201937/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/amid-ladakh-border-standoff-defence-ministry-to-purchase-21-mig-29s-12-su-30-mki-aircraft-1696280-2020-07-02|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |year=2024 |isbn=9781032780047 |publication-date=2024-02-13 |pages=269–270 |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref>
* [[Indian Naval Air Arm]] – 42 MiG-29Ks in service as of 2024<ref name="India Today-2020" /><ref name=":0" />
;{{Flag|Iran}}
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force]] – 19 MiG-29s in operation as of 2023 according to Flight Global.<ref name="World Air Forces 2023">{{Cite web |title=2023 World Air Forces directory |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2023-world-air-forces-directory/151088.article |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Flight Global |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207235701/https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2023-world-air-forces-directory/151088.article |url-status=live }}</ref> Iran purchased 20 MiG-29 (9.12B) and 4 MiG-29UB aircraft in 1989.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=481}} They attempted to purchase 48 more in 1992, but the deal fell through.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=482}} They had received 9 from Iraq, according to [[Mikoyan|RSK MiG]].{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=482}}
;{{Flag|Libya}}
* [[Libyan National Army]] − Some MiG-29s in service as of February 2024.{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=371}} Operated by mercenary pilots.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |title=Russian MiG-29 And Su-24 Combat Jets Caught In-Flight At Libyan Base In New Satellite Images |url=https://www.twz.com/34193/new-imagery-catches-russian-mig-29-and-su-24-combat-jets-in-flight-at-libyan-air-base |access-date=4 August 2024 |work=The War Zone |date=18 June 2020}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Mongolia}}
* [[Mongolian Air Force]] - 6 MiG-29UBs in service as of December 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vpk.name/en/569065_mongolia-received-four-more-mig-29ub-combat-training-fighters-from-russia.html|title=Mongolia received four more MiG-29UB combat training fighters from Russia|website=vpk.name|date=30 December 2021|access-date=10 August 2022|archive-date=10 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810083544/https://vpk.name/en/569065_mongolia-received-four-more-mig-29ub-combat-training-fighters-from-russia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That number fell to 2 operational UBs in 2023.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.24</ref>
;{{Flag|Myanmar}}
* [[Myanmar Air Force]] – 31 MiG-29s(6 SE, 20 SM(mod) and 5 UB) in January 2015.<ref name=2015_Aero>"World Military Aircraft Inventory". ''2015 Aerospace: Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 2015</ref> 10 are upgraded to MiG-29SM(mod) standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-03-28/myanmar-mig-29-upgrade-revealed-will-malaysia-follow |title=Myanmar MiG-29 Upgrade Revealed |publisher=ainonline.com |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428075548/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-03-28/myanmar-mig-29-upgrade-revealed-will-malaysia-follow |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, 28 fighters and 5 UB trainers remain.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, pp.24-25</ref>
;{{Flag|North Korea}}
* [[Korean People's Air Force]] – 18 MiG-29s (6 9.12B, 3 S-13 and 2 UB) as of July 2023.<ref name="Mitzer-2020" />
;{{Flag|Peru}}
* [[Peruvian Air Force]] – 19 MiG-29s in service as of February 2021<ref name="IISS212"/> Only 6 were available by the end of 2023.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.27</ref>
;{{Flag|Poland}}
* [[Polish Air Force]] – 11 MiG-29s and 3 MiG-29UB used for [[Trainer aircraft#Operational conversion|conversion training]] in service as of 2025.<ref name="IISS212" /> 10 transferred to Ukraine in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3706466-poland-transfers-ten-mig29-fighter-jets-to-ukraine.html|title=Poland transfers ten MiG-29 fighter jets to Ukraine|date=8 May 2023|website=www.ukrinform.net}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Russia}}
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] – 87 total<ref name="IISS22">{{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2022|date=2022-02-15|publisher=[[IISS]]|isbn=978-1-032-27900-8}}</ref> consisting of 70 MiG-29/MiG-29UB, 15 MiG-29SMT and 2 MiG-29UBT in service as of 2022.<ref name="IISS22"/> At least 256 MiG-29 in service according to World Air Forces as of 2025.<ref name="World Air Forces 2025">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/2025-world-air-forces-directory/160846.article|title=World Air Forces 2025|publisher=Flightglobal Insight|year=2025|access-date=2025-02-03|archive-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124124505/https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/2025-world-air-forces-directory/160846.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Russian Naval Aviation]] – 24 [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MiG-29Ks]]<ref name="IISS212" />
;{{Flag|Serbia}}
* [[Serbian Air Force and Air Defence]] – 14 MiG-29s (5 MiG-29Аs, 3 MiG-29Bs,{{efn|9.12A and 9.12B}} 3 MiG-29Ss, 3 MiG-29UBs) in inventory as of 2025, 11 of which are modernized to the advanced MiG-29SMT standards while 3 (MiG-29UB) are used as a [[Trainer aircraft#Operational conversion|conversion trainer]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Živojin Banković |url=https://tangosix.rs/2022/03/05/kako-je-lovac-postao-visenamenski-borbeni-avion-detalji-novog-naoruzanja-na-premijeri-modernizovanih-mig-ova-29sm/ |title=Kako je lovac postao viĹĄenamenski borbeni avion: Detalji novog naoruĹžanja na premijeri modernizovanih MiG-ova 29SM - Tango Six |publisher=Tangosix.rs |date=3 May 2022 |access-date=2022-07-17 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602181734/https://tangosix.rs/2022/03/05/kako-je-lovac-postao-visenamenski-borbeni-avion-detalji-novog-naoruzanja-na-premijeri-modernizovanih-mig-ova-29sm/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{Flag|Sudan}}
* [[Sudanese Air Force]] – 10 fighters and 1 UB trainer in service as of January 2023<ref name=WAF2017>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/14484 |title=WorldAirForces2017-Landscape.pdf |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231249/https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/14484 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="World Air Forces p.30">2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.30</ref>
;{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
* [[Turkmen Air Force]] – 24 MiG-29s in use as of 2023<ref name=2014_Aero/><ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.32</ref>
[[File:Ukrainian MiG29 1992.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian MiG-29 in 1992]]
;{{Flag|Ukraine}}
* [[Ukrainian Air Force]] – 37 to 70 MiG-29s in use as of March 2019<ref name="Kyiv Post, 2019">{{cite news |last=Ponomarenko |first=Illia |author-link=Illia Ponomarenko |title=Ukraine's Air Force rebuilds amidst war |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-air-force-rebuilds-amid-war.html |work=Kyiv Post |date=15 March 2019 |location=Kyiv, Ukraine |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108020124/https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-air-force-rebuilds-amid-war.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/14/ukraine-has-lots-of-mig-29s-but-it-might-not-have-enough-pilots/|title= Ukraine Has Lots of MiG-29s, but It Might Not Have Enough Pilots|website= [[Forbes]]|access-date= 22 March 2022|archive-date= 20 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211354/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/14/ukraine-has-lots-of-mig-29s-but-it-might-not-have-enough-pilots/|url-status= live}}</ref> As of 2023 it is estimated that 47 fighters and 8 UB trainers are operational.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p. 32.</ref> As of 8 March 2025, Ukraine lost 30 MiG-29s and 3 damaged on ground.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=List Of Aircraft Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/03/list-of-aircraft-losses-during-2022.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Oryx}}</ref>
;{{Flag|United States}}
* Used by private defense contractor [[Ravn Aero|RAVN Aerospace]] for adversary training services.<ref>{{cite web |author=RAVN Aerospace (formerly Air USA) |title=Our Aircraft |url=https://www.ravnaero.com/aircraft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115214600/http://air-usa.com/aircraft |archive-date=15 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
* [[Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces]] – 60 MiG-29s were operation as of January 2014.<ref name=2014_Aero/> Only 38 MiG 29s of all type were available in 2023.<ref name="World Air Forces p.34">2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.34</ref>
;{{Flag|Yemen}}
*[[Yemeni Air Force]] – 24 in service as of January 2017.<ref name=WAF2017/> All grounded because of civil war. Many were destroyed on the ground during the Saudi-led Operation Decisive Storm in 2015.<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=43}}</ref> 23 reported available in 2023.<ref name="World Air Forces p.34"/>

===Former operators===
[[File:MiG der HuAF.jpg|thumb|[[Hungarian Air Force]] MiG-29]]

* '''{{Flag|Chad}}''' – The [[Chadian Air Force]] received 3 MiG-29s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34935:chad-receiving-mig-29s&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107 |title=Chad receiving MiG-29s|author=Guy Martin |work=defenceweb.co.za |date=2 June 2014 |access-date=1 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121113925/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34935:chad-receiving-mig-29s&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107 |archive-date=21 January 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> from Ukraine in 2015.<ref name="Chad">{{cite web |url=http://osimint.com/2014/09/11/first-of-chads-mig-29-arrives-in-ndjamena/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014083811/http://osimint.com/2014/09/11/first-of-chads-mig-29-arrives-in-ndjamena/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 October 2014 |title=First of Chad's MIG-29 Arrives In N'Djamena |work=Open Source IMINT |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> None operational as of 2024.<ref>2024 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p.15</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}''' – Received 18 MiG-29s and two MiG-29UB aircraft. Although six were capable of delivering nuclear weapons, the necessary equipment for this was removed as per the [[Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe|CFE treaty]]. All passed onto successor states.
* '''{{Flag|Czech Republic}}''' – Inherited nine MiG-29 and one MiG-29UB. All sold to Poland in 1995 in exchange for 11 [[PZL W-3 Sokół|W-3A Sokol]] helicopters. Replaced with [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]].
* '''{{Flag|East Germany}}''' – 24 absorbed into the West [[German Air Force]] upon reunification.
* '''{{Flag|Germany}}''' – One crashed, one on display, 22 sold to Poland in 2003 for €22 (${{To USD|22|EUR}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://migflug.com/jetflights/german-luftwaffe-mig-29-fulcrum/ |title=German Luftwaffe and the MiG-29 Fulcrum &#124; MiGFlug.com Blog |publisher=Migflug.com |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523152100/https://migflug.com/jetflights/german-luftwaffe-mig-29-fulcrum/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Hungary}}''' – 28 in inventory as of January 2011.<ref name=2011_Aero>"World Military Aircraft Inventory". ''2011 Aerospace: Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 2011.</ref> Reportedly stored outside.<ref name="Failed_Hungarian_Auction"/> The last fighter was retired in December 2010,<ref>[http://www.jetfly.hu/rovatok/galeria/vege_ennyi_volt/ "Vége, ennyi volt... (A MiG-29 és üzemeltetőik emlékére)."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114020502/http://www.jetfly.hu/rovatok/galeria/vege_ennyi_volt/ |date=14 January 2011}} ''JETfly Magazin''. Retrieved 5 October 2012.</ref> at which point only 4 aircraft were still in operational condition.<ref name="Failed_Hungarian_Auction"/> In 2011 the Hungarian government intended to sell six MiG-29 9.12 and two MiG-29UB aircraft. Replaced with [[JAS 39 Gripen]] but kept in reserve if needed.<ref>[http://nol.hu/archivum/mig-29-est_vegyenek "MIG-29-est vegyenek!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135234/http://nol.hu/belfold/mig-29-est_vegyenek_-1166991 |date=5 January 2022}} nol.hu. Népszabadság, 12 August 2011.</ref> In October 2017, the [[Hungarian Air Force]] announced that 23 MiG-29s were to be auctioned off including engines and spare parts in November.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dunai|first1=Peter |title=Hungary auctions off MiG-29s |url=http://www.janes.com/article/75340 |website=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=1 November 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171101215915/http://www.janes.com/article/75340/hungary-auctions-off-mig-29s |archive-date=1 November 2017 |date=31 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The online auction had a [[reservation price]] of €8.7 million and failed to attract any bidders. This might have been because of an agreement between Hungary and Russia requiring the [[United Aircraft Corporation|manufacturer's]] (Russia's) approval to transfer ownership of the aircraft.<ref name="Failed_Hungarian_Auction">{{cite news |last=Kovács |first=Zsóka |date=2019-04-12 |title=Do you need an MiG-29 fleet? You can get it on sale in Hungary |url=https://dailynewshungary.com/do-you-need-an-mig-29-fleet-you-can-get-it-on-sale-in-hungary/ |url-status=live |work= Daily News Hungary |location=Hungary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325151248/https://dailynewshungary.com/do-you-need-an-mig-29-fleet-you-can-get-it-on-sale-in-hungary/ |archive-date=2022-03-25 |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>
* '''{{Flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}}''' – Received 37 MiG-29s during [[Saddam Hussein]]'s era (MiG-29 9.12B and MiG-29UB); these were destroyed or written off and nine were reportedly flown to Iran.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=483}}
* '''{{Flaglist|Israel}}''' – Leased from Poland in 1997.<ref>[http://www.defencetalk.com/us-buys-s...raining-18795/ "US buys Su-27 fighters from Ukraine for ‘aggressor’ training."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135212/https://www.defencetalk.com/us-buys-su-27-fighters-from-ukraine-for-aggressor-training-18795/ |date=5 January 2022}} defencetalk.com, 13 May 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref><ref>[http://iaf.co.il/5642-35655-en/IAF.aspx "IAF Magazine: The “Sting” has landed"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201212857/http://iaf.co.il/5642-35655-en/IAF.aspx |date=1 February 2014}} iaf.co.il</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}''' - [[Kazakh Air Defense Forces|Kazakh Air and Air Defence Forces]] – 23 MiG-29s as of 2023. These were retired in 2023, put up for auction in October 2023, and reportedly sold in April 2024 to the US. It was speculated that these would be transferred to Ukraine as spare parts sources and/or decoys.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/on-sale-117-mig-31-mig-29-heres-why/|title=117 MiG-31, MiG-29 & Other Russian-Origin Fighter Jets Put Up On Auction By Kazakhstan; Here's Why|date=28 October 2023|access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/kazakhstan-sells-over-100-military-aircraft/|title=Kazakhstan sells over 100 military aircraft|date=27 October 2023|access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/us-buys-81-soviet-era-145127753.html|title=US buys 81 Soviet-era combat aircraft from Russia's ally costing on average less than $20,000 each, report says|date=29 April 2024|access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> In a later statement, the Kazakh state-owned weapons importer and exporter Kazspetexport denied such claims, saying that foreign companies were not allowed to bid.<ref>{{cite news |title=Did the US buy old aircraft from Kazakhstan? |url=https://censor.net/en/news/3486827/did_the_us_buy_old_aircraft_from_kazakhstan |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=Censor.NET |date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508033135/https://censor.net/en/news/3486827/did_the_us_buy_old_aircraft_from_kazakhstan |archive-date=8 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Spirlet |first1=Thibault |last2=Rommen |first2=Rebecca |title=Claims that the US bought 81 Soviet-era combat aircraft from a close Russian ally are likely false, experts say |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/claims-us-buying-soviet-era-aircraft-from-kazakhstan-likely-false-2024-4 |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=Business Insider |date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430152115/https://www.businessinsider.com/claims-us-buying-soviet-era-aircraft-from-kazakhstan-likely-false-2024-4 |archive-date=30 April 2024}}</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Malaysia}}''' – Retired 15 MiG-29N and 2 MiG-29UB in 2017 for lack of spare parts and engine problem.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pocock|first=Chris|title=Malaysia Grounds MiG-29s and Rethinks Future Fighter|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-11-09/malaysia-grounds-mig-29s-and-rethinks-future-fighter|access-date=2021-10-28|website=Aviation International News|language=en|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028010730/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-11-09/malaysia-grounds-mig-29s-and-rethinks-future-fighter|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-07-09|title=Can Malaysia afford frugality in air force modernisation?|url=https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/07/09/can-malaysia-afford-frugality-in-air-force-modernisation/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=East Asia Forum|language=en|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028010719/https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/07/09/can-malaysia-afford-frugality-in-air-force-modernisation/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yu Jin's Jets |url=https://www.angelfire.com/pe/yujin/fulcrum02.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.angelfire.com}}</ref> Replaced with [[Sukhoi Su-30|Sukhoi Su-30MKM]].{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
* '''{{Flag|Moldova}}''' – Not operational,<ref name=World_Air_Forces_2014/> six MiG-29S in storage. In the 1990s, a total of six were sold to the US for type evaluation testing.<ref>DefenseLink News Transcript, [http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1197 DoD News Briefing: Cooperative Threat Reduction Initiative] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002092955/http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1197 |date=2 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armscontrol.org/act/1997_10/moldoct.asp |title=Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: U.S. Buys Moldovan Aircraft to Prevent Acquisition by Iran |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110022618/http://www.armscontrol.org/act/1997_10/moldoct.asp |archive-date=10 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Romania}}''' – 17 MiG-29 9.12A and five MiG-29UB were delivered from 1989,<ref>[http://www.targeta.co.uk/roias.htm "Romanian International Air Show."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623092854/http://www.targeta.co.uk/roias.htm |date=23 June 2009}} targeta.co.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> 1 MiG-29S received from [[Moldovan Air Force|Moldova]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|title=Trade Registers|work=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|SIPRI]]|access-date=26 March 2022|archive-date=14 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Retired in 2003.{{Sfn|Gordon|2006|p=497}}
* '''{{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}''' – Inherited from Yugoslavia, six destroyed in 1999.<ref name=acig/>
[[File:Een MiG-29 van de Slowaakse luchtmacht in de vlucht (2156 018809).jpg|thumb|right|Slovakian MiG-29 in 1999]]
* '''{{Flag|Slovakia}}''' – Slovakia operated in total 24 MiG-29s. 9 MiG-29 9.12A and 1 MiG-29UB were inherited from Czechoslovakia. From 1993 to 1995 Slovakia ordered 12 additional MiG-29 9.12A and 2 MiG-29UB fighters as compensation for Russian debt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://domov.sme.sk/c/867323/kacer-osemnast-stihaciek-mig-29-sa-zmodernizuje-do-buduceho-roka.html|title=Káčer: Osemnásť stíhačiek MiG-29 sa zmodernizuje do budúceho roka|website=domov.sme.sk|access-date=9 May 2023|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325204555/https://domov.sme.sk/c/867323/kacer-osemnast-stihaciek-mig-29-sa-zmodernizuje-do-buduceho-roka.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 12 aircraft were upgraded by the [[Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG]] and Western companies in 2007 and 2008 to fulfill the [[NATO]] requirements,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ila-2008-slovakian-mig-upgrade-debuts-at-berlin-224271/ |title=ILA 2008: Slovakian MiG upgrade debuts at Berlin |publisher=[[Flight Global]] |date=29 May 2008 |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117070228/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ila-2008-slovakian-mig-upgrade-debuts-at-berlin-224271/ |archive-date=17 November 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lzsliac.mil.sk/261/ |title=Letecká technika Taktického krídla Sliač |publisher=lzsliac.mil.sk |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715152012/http://www.lzsliac.mil.sk/261/ |archive-date=15 July 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and were maintained by Russian military technicians at [[Sliač Air Base]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Slovakia: Why is a Nato state using Soviet-designed jets? |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-44388878/slovakia-why-is-a-nato-state-using-soviet-designed-jets |work= BBC News |date= 6 Jun 2018 |access-date= 27 August 2019 |archive-date= 4 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191204031116/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-44388878/slovakia-why-is-a-nato-state-using-soviet-designed-jets |url-status= live}}</ref> They were officially withdrawn from service on 31 August 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/slovakias-neighbours-patrol-its-skies-freeing-mig-jets-ukraine-2022-08-27/|title=Slovakia's neighbours to patrol its skies, freeing MiG jets for Ukraine|website=reuters.com|date=27 August 2022|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=21 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221035/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/slovakias-neighbours-patrol-its-skies-freeing-mig-jets-ukraine-2022-08-27/|url-status=live}}</ref> Slovakia's Foreign Minister [[Rastislav Káčer]] has said that his country is prepared to transfer their fleet of MiG-29s to Ukraine. He said: "We have not yet handed [Ukraine] the MiG-29s. But we are ready to do it. We are talking with our NATO partners about how to do it," and such a package would involve "several thousand" missiles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/slovakia-readies-transfer-upgraded-mig-181108512.html|title=Slovakia readies transfer of upgraded MiG-29 warplanes to Ukraine|author=Jaroslaw Adamowski|newspaper=Yahoo! News|date=December 14, 2022|access-date=December 14, 2022|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214034802/https://news.yahoo.com/slovakia-readies-transfer-upgraded-mig-181108512.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/finally-a-nato-country-offers-its-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-slovak/|title=Finally, A NATO Country Offers Its Fighter Jets To Ukraine; Slovak Minister's Proposal Unlikely To Impress Zelensky|author=Sakshi Tiwari|newspaper=EurAsian Times|date=December 14, 2022|access-date=December 14, 2022|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214040306/https://eurasiantimes.com/finally-a-nato-country-offers-its-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-slovak/|url-status=live}}</ref> Slovakia transferred the first four of its MiG-29 fighter jets, from 13 to be sent to Ukraine on 24 March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dlhopolec |first1=Peter |title=News digest: Ukrainians in control of four Slovak fighter jets now |url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/23150095/ukrainians-now-in-control-of-four-slovak-fighter-jets.html |website=spectator.sme.sk |access-date=24 March 2023 |language=en |date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323213802/https://spectator.sme.sk/c/23150095/ukrainians-now-in-control-of-four-slovak-fighter-jets.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''{{flag|South Yemen}}''' – Received between 6 and 12 MiG-29s from either Moldova and Russia, or Moldova only, in 1994.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2 |pages=51, 53}}</ref>
* '''{{Flag|Soviet Union}}''' – Passed on to successor states.
* '''{{Flag|Syria}}''' – [[Syrian Arab Air Force]] had 20 MiG-29s in service with 12 more on order as of January 2017.<ref name=WAF2017/> 29 available as of 2023.<ref name="World Air Forces p.30"/>{{update inline|date=October 2025|reason=Israel destroyed much of Syria's aircraft arsenal during the [[Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)]].}}
* '''{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}}''' – 14 MiG-29 and 2 MiG-29UB, passed on to Serbia and Montenegro.<ref name=acig>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140214094718/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_380.shtml Yugoslav & Serbian MiG-29s]}}, ''acig.org''. Retrieved 28 March 2013.</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
;Czech Republic
* On display at the [[Prague Aviation Museum]] in [[Prague]].<ref>[http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/403825-letecke-muzeum-kbely-laka-na-unikat-slavnou-sovetskou-stihacku-mig-29.html Letecké muzeum Kbely láká na unikát. Slavnou sovětskou stíhačku MiG-29], Novinky CZ, {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160527052749/http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/403825-letecke-muzeum-kbely-laka-na-unikat-slavnou-sovetskou-stihacku-mig-29.html |date=27 May 2016}} Retrieved 26 May 2016.</ref>
;Canada
* One MiG-29UB cockpit on display at [[Jet Aircraft Museum]] in [[London, Ontario]], painted in Ukrainian colours.{{cn|date=September 2025}}
;Germany
* 29+03 – MiG-29G on display at the [[Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr]] in [[Berlin]].<ref name= Bundeswehr/> This airframe is the only remaining German MiG-29 in Germany. It was previously on display in Laage before being moved to the Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr in 2006 as part of the exhibition "50 Jahre Luftwaffe".<ref>{{cite web |title= Laage without MiG-29! |url= http://www.fabulousfulcrums.de/NEWS/ohneMig_e.htm |website= Fabulous Fulcrums |access-date= 24 August 2016 |date= August 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161008111102/http://www.fabulousfulcrums.de/NEWS/ohneMig_e.htm |archive-date= 8 October 2016 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= MiG-29 Spotter´s Collection |url=http://www.fabulousfulcrums.de/index_e.html |website=Fabulous Fulcrums |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160815021823/http://www.fabulousfulcrums.de/index_e.html |archive-date= 15 August 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

;Hungary
* One MiG-29 is on display with other older MiG planes and helicopters at The RepTár Museum of Szolnok, Hungary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reptar.hu/ |title=Reptár - Szolnoki repülőmúzeum |language= hu |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330152236/http://reptar.hu/ |archive-date=30 March 2019 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{Efn |Hungarian AF MiG-29 s/n 2960535148 was a 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 475}}}}

;India
* KB-732 – On display as a gate guardian at [[Ozar Airport#Ojhar Air Force Station|Ojhar Air Force Station]] in [[Nashik|Nasik, Maharashtra]].<ref name= "WarbirdsofIndia">{{cite web |title= Preserved Vintage Military and Civilian Aircraft |url= http://www.warbirds.in/list/index.php |website=Warbirds of India |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161005172539/http://www.warbirds.in/list/index.php |archive-date= 5 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* KB-741 – On display at the Technical Type Training (TETTRA) School in [[Pune]], Maharashtra.<ref name="WarbirdsofIndia" />

;Latvia
* 9-52 – MiG-29UB on display at the [[Riga Aviation Museum]] in [[Riga]]. This airframe is the second MiG-29UB prototype. After 213 test flights around Moscow between 23 August 1982 and 10 April 1986, it was disassembled and parts of the wings and tails were re-used in prototype (9–16). The remains were shipped to [[Riga Civil Aviation Engineers Institute|Riga Military Aviation Engineers High School]], and later handed over to the Riga Aviation Museum in 1994, where it is currently displayed.<ref>{{cite web |title=MiG-29UB |url= http://en.airmuseum.lv/blog/mig-29ub |website=Riga Airmuseum |publisher=AGK |place= LV |access-date= 24 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160828132838/http://en.airmuseum.lv/blog/mig-29ub/ |archive-date= 28 August 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The remains of this prototype is in a very bad condition, with open fuselage panels and a partly broken canopy.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

;Malaysia
* M43-06 – MiG-29N on display as gate guardian at [[Joint Forces Command (Malaysia)|Al-Sultan Abdullah Camp]] in [[Kuantan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.malaysiandefence.com/first-fulcrum-as-gate-guard/ |title=First Fulcrum as Gate Guard |website=malaysiandefence.com |date=9 January 2024 |access-date=29 November 2024 }}</ref><ref name="mig29putrajaya"/>
* M43-14 – MiG-29N on display as a monument in Dataran Pahlawan complex, [[Putrajaya]].<ref name="mig29putrajaya">{{cite web |url=https://defencesecurityasia.com/en/rmaf-mig-29-fighter-jet-to-be-displayed-as-monument-at-dataran-pahlawan-putrajaya/ |title=RMAF MiG-29 Fighter Jet to be Displayed as Monument at Dataran Pahlawan, Putrajaya |website=defencesecurityasia.com |date=18 October 2024 |access-date=29 November 2024 }}</ref>

;Poland
* MiG-29G on display at the [[Muzeum Wojska Polskiego]] in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Samolot myśliwski MIG 29 |url=http://www.muzeumwp.pl/emwpaedia/samolot-mysliwski-mig-29.php |website= Muzeum Wojska Polskiego |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160827153153/http://www.muzeumwp.pl/emwpaedia/samolot-mysliwski-mig-29.php |archive-date=27 August 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* MiG-29GT on display at the [[Polish Aviation Museum]] in [[Kraków]]. This aircraft was sold by Germany to Poland in 2002 and briefly served in the [[Polish Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29GT (UB) (NATO: Fulcrum-B) |url= http://www.muzeumlotnictwa.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=162&w=a |website=Polish Aviation Museum |publisher= NeoServer |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160712003446/http://muzeumlotnictwa.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=162&w=a |archive-date=12 July 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

;Romania
[[File:MiG-29 Sniper in Bucharest.JPG|thumb|MiG-29 ''Sniper'' on display]]
* 67 – On display at the [[National Museum of Romanian Aviation]] in [[Bucharest]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

;Russia
[[File:Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum prototype 01 blue (9923238334).jpg|thumb|First prototype MiG-29 on display at the [[Central Air Force Museum]] in Monino]]
* On display at the [[Central Air Force Museum]] in [[Monino]]. Painted as "Blue 01".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}This airframe is the first prototype MiG-29.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Belyakov|first1=R. A. |title=MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design |date=1994 |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location= Annapolis, [[Maryland|MD]] |isbn=978-1-55750-566-8|page=421}}</ref>
* On display at the Central Air Force Museum in Monino. Painted as "Blue 03".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* 2960710039 – MiG-29 9.13{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 444}}  On display at the Central Air Force Museum in Monino. Painted as "Blue 70".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* 2960718121 – MiG-29 9.13{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 445}}  On display at the Central Air Force Museum in Monino. Painted as "Blue 51".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* On display at the Central Air Force Museum in Monino. Painted as "Blue 18". This airframe is a MiG-29KVP.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* 2960705560 – On display at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow. Painted as "Blue 26".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* On display at the Vadim Zadorozhny Technical Museum in [[Khimki]]. Painted as "Blue 04".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* On display at the [[Central Armed Forces Museum]] in Moscow. Painted as "Red 02",{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

;Slovakia
* 8605 – MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 499}} on display in [[Museum of Aviation (Košice)|Museum of Aviation]] in [[Košice]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://kosice.korzar.sme.sk/c/6799514/do-kosic-vcera-priviezli-stihacku-mig-29.html|title=Do Košíc včera priviezli stíhačku MiG-29| publisher =Petit Press |website= Kosice.korzar.sme |place= [[Slovakia|SK]] |access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201130181332/https://kosice.korzar.sme.sk/c/6799514/do-kosic-vcera-priviezli-stihacku-mig-29.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 7501 – MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 499}} on display at [[Sliač Airport|Sliač Air Force Base]] in [[Sliač]]. Normally not accessible to public.
* 9308 – MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 499}} on display in Vojenské historické múzeum Piešťany ([[Military History Museum Piešťany]]) in [[Piešťany]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-9308-t51617|title=MiG-29A 9308 : Československo |website= Valka |place= [[Chekia|CZ]] |date=30 December 2006 |access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210524161255/https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-9308-t51617 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 5817 – MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 499}} on display in Vojenské historické múzeum Piešťany<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-5817-t51607|title=MiG-29A 5817 : Československo |website= Valka |place= CZ |date=30 December 2006 |access-date=24 May 2021 |archive-date= 24 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210524161256/https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-5817-t51607|url-status= live}}</ref>
* 5515 – MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 499}} on display in Vojenské historické múzeum Piešťany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-5515-t51605|title=MiG-29A 5515 : Československo |website= Valka |place= CZ |date=30 December 2006 |access-date=24 May 2021 |archive-date= 24 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210524161254/https://www.valka.cz/MiG-29A-5515-t51605|url-status=live}}</ref>

;United States
[[File:Mig 29 Fulcrum.jpeg|thumb|MiG-29 on display in McMinnville, Oregon]]
[[File:MiG-29A (At Wright-Patterson).jpg|thumb|MiG-29 9.12A{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}} at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in Dayton, Ohio]]
* 2960512124 – MiG-29 9.12{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}}  On display at [[Goodfellow Air Force Base]] in [[San Angelo, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |title=MIG-29 receives a new home |url= https://www.goodfellow.af.mil/Newsroom/Article-Display/Article/373058/mig-29-receives-a-new-home/ |access-date=23 August 2016 |work=Goodfellow Air Force Base |date=22 May 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160911104725/http://www.goodfellow.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/322/Article/373058/mig-29-receives-a-new-home.aspx |archive-date=11 September 2016 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 2960717458 – MiG-29 9.13{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}}  On display at the airpark at [[Naval Air Station Fallon]] near [[Fallon, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aeroresource.co.uk/operational-reports/nas-fallon/ |title= NAS Fallon |publisher= AeroResource |date=2016-03-03 |access-date= 2019-02-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160411210616/http://www.aeroresource.co.uk/operational-reports/nas-fallon/ |archive-date=11 April 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 2960717473 – MiG-29 9.13{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}}  On display at the Threat Training Facility at [[Nellis Air Force Base]] near [[North Las Vegas, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web |last1= Seaman |first1=Richard |title=Nellis AFB Threat Training Facility Aircraft |url= http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/Museums/ThreatTrainingFacility/Aircraft/ |website= The Flying Kiwi |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070630152434/http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/Museums/ThreatTrainingFacility/Aircraft/ |archive-date= 30 June 2007 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 2960516761 – MiG-29 9.12{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}} on display in the Cold War Gallery of the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29A |url= https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197174/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29a/ |website= National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date=23 August 2016 |date=29 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161122192720/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/197174/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29a.aspx |archive-date=22 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 2960516766 – MiG-29 9.12{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}}  On display at the [[Pima Air and Space Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fulcrum-A |url= http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29-fulcrum-a |website=Pima Air & Space Museum |access-date= 23 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160810030857/http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/mikoyan-gurevich-mig-29-fulcrum-a |archive-date= 10 August 2016 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Loan">{{cite web |title=Aircraft on loan (by Location) |url= https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/documents/other/aircraft_on_loan_by_location.pdf |website= National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date=8 November 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161122040605/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/documents/other/aircraft_on_loan_by_location.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 2960721930 – MiG-29 9.13{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 501}}  On display at the [[Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum]] in [[McMinnville, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Military Aircraft |url= http://www.evergreenmuseum.org/military-aircrafts |website= Evergreen Museum Campus |publisher= Evergreen Museum |access-date= 23 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160815105616/http://www.evergreenmuseum.org/military-aircrafts |archive-date=15 August 2016 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 50903012038 – MiG-29UB on display at the [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.<ref name="Loan" />

=== Airworthy ===
<!--Not sure what to do with this section, technically are not "on [static] display", survivors section doesn't work - too many still active aircraft-->
* N29UB – MiG-29UB owned by [[Jared Isaacman]].<ref name= faar20210915>{{cite web |title=FAA Registry [N29UB] |url= http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=29UB |website= Federal Aviation Administration |publisher= U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date= 15 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141208075339/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=29UB |archive-date= 8 December 2014 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> It was previously owned by the [[Flying Heritage Collection]] in [[Everett, Washington]]. The aircraft was obtained from Eastern Europe in early 2009. The aircraft has an FAA approved maintenance program and is flyable.<ref name=fhdc20140514>{{cite web |url= http://www.flyingheritage.com/TemplatePlane.aspx?contentId=60 |title= Mikoyan MiG-29UB Fulcrum |website= Flying Heritage Collection |access-date= 28 May 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140512235503/http://flyingheritage.com/TemplatePlane.aspx?contentId=60 |archive-date= 12 May 2014 |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
* N129XX<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA Registry [N129XX] |url= http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=129XX |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher= U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161008111049/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=129XX |archive-date=8 October 2016 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> – MiG-29UB owned by RAVN Aerospace (formerly Air USA) and located at the [[Quincy Regional Airport]] in [[Quincy, Illinois]].  This aircraft was purchased by Don Kirlin from Kyrgyzstan.<ref name= "Hoffman">{{cite magazine |last= Hoffman |first= Carl |url= https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.10/kirlin_pr.html |title= Building Your Own Air Force, One Mig at a Time |magazine= [[Wired (magazine)|Wired Magazine]] |issue= 10 |date= October 2005 |volume= 13 |access-date= 10 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130731082229/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.10/kirlin_pr.html |archive-date= 31 July 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> It is available for contract training and flight testing.<ref name="Aircraft">{{cite web |url= http://air-usa.com/aircraft |title= Aircraft |website= Air USA |access-date= 30 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141115214600/http://air-usa.com/aircraft |archive-date= 15 November 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
* Two MiG-29UBs in flying condition were offered for sale from Eastern Europe in spring 2009. These aircraft come from the same source as the flyable aircraft (N129UB) previously owned by the Historic Flight Foundation{{Sfn |Day |2009 |pp= 12–13}}<ref name= fhdc20140514/> and now owned by Jared Isaacman.<ref name= faar20210915/>{{update after|2017}}<!-- these aircraft "were available" in 2009; are they still? -->

==Specifications (MiG-29)==
[[File:Mikoyan MiG-29 3-view.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|3-view line drawing of the Mikoyan MiG-29]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Mikoyan,<ref name=RAC_MiG_specs>[http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family/mig-29-mig-29ub-mig-29se?limit=1&start=1 "MiG-29/MiG-29UB/MiG-29SE."] ''RAC MiG'', Migavia. {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160518025228/http://migavia.ru/index.php/en/production/the-mig-29-fighters-family/mig-29-mig-29ub-mig-29se?limit=1&start=1 |date=18 May 2016}} Retrieved 21 June 2016.</ref> Airforce technology,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29/ |title= MiG-29 Fulcrum Fighter Bomber |access-date= 1 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150216191747/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mig29 |archive-date= 16 February 2015 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all |work= Airforce technology}}</ref> Deagel,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.deagel.com/Combat-Aircraft/Mig-29_a000357001.aspx |title= Mig-29 |access-date= 27 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170627204355/http://www.deagel.com/Combat-Aircraft/Mig-29_a000357001.aspx |archive-date= 27 June 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |publisher= Deagel}}.</ref> Business World<ref name="Astra_missile">{{cite web |url= http://www.businessworld.in/article/Air-Force-to-get-33-new-fighter-jets-248-indigenous-Astra-missiles/02-07-2020-293377/ |title=Air Force to get 33 new fighter jets, 248 indigenous Astra missiles |work =Business World|access-date=2 July 2020 |archive-date= 2 July 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200702140625/http://www.businessworld.in/article/Air-Force-to-get-33-new-fighter-jets-248-indigenous-Astra-missiles/02-07-2020-293377/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--  General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length m=17.32
|length note=
|span m=11.36
|span note=
|height m=4.73
|height note=
|wing area sqm=38
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=11000
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=14900
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=18000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|3500|kg|0}} internal
|more general=
<!--  Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Klimov RD-33]]
|eng1 type=[[afterburner|afterburning]] [[turbofan]] engines
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=49.42
|eng1 lbf=11110
|eng1 note={{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |p= 335}}
|power original=
|thrust original=
|eng1 kn-ab=81.58<!-- with afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=18300
<!--  Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=2450
|max speed note=at high altitude
|max speed mach=2.3+
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=1430
|range note=with maximum internal fuel<ref name=JAU_MiG-29>[http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jau/jau_9123.htm@current&pageSelected=allJanes&backPath=http://search.janes.com/Search&Prod_Name=JAU&keyword= "MiG-29."] ''Jane's Aircraft Upgrades '', Jane's Information Group, subscription article dated 10 July 2009.</ref>
|combat range km=700-900
|combat range note= with 2 x R-27s, 4 x R-73s at high altitude{{Sfn |Gordon |2006 |pp= 66, 377}}
|ferry range km=2100
|ferry range note=with 1× drop tank
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=18000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<big>+</big>9
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=330
|climb rate note=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRMiG-29.htm |title= MIG MAPO MiG-29 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080620004748/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRMiG-29.htm |archive-date= 20 June 2008 |work= Flug Revue |date=1 September 1998 |access-date= 13 August 2010}}</ref>
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=403
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=1.09
|more performance=
<!--  Armament
-->
|guns=1 × [[30 mm caliber|30 mm]] [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1]] [[autocannon]]. Originally held 150 rounds, reduced to 100 on later variants.
|hardpoints=7 × hardpoints (6 × underwing, 1 × fuselage)
|hardpoint capacity=up to {{convert|4000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of stores
|hardpoint rockets=<br/>
*** [[S-5 rocket|S-5]]
*** [[S-8 rocket|S-8]]
*** [[S-24 rocket|S-24]]
|hardpoint missiles=<br/>
*** 2-4 × [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27]]R/ER/T/ET/P/EP [[air-to-air missile]]s
*** 6 × [[R-60 (missile)|R-60]]/[[R-60 (missile)|R-60M]] AAMs
*** 6 × [[R-73 (missile)|R-73]] AAMs (later variants also carry the R-73M, R-74 and R-74M)
*** 4 × [[Astra (missile)|Astra]] ([[Indian Air Force]])
*** [[Rampage (missile)|Rampage]] ([[Indian Air Force]])<ref>{{cite news |title= Indian Air Force, Navy induct air-to-surface Rampage missile in its fleet |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-air-force-navy-induct-air-to-surface-rampage-missile-in-its-fleet/articleshow/109649375.cms |access-date=28 April 2024 |work= The Times of India |date=27 April 2024}}</ref>
*** [[AGM-88 HARM]] (Integration by [[Ukrainian Air Force]] during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]])<ref>{{cite web |author= Stefano D'Urso |url= https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/21/ukrainian-mig-29s-are-hunting-russian-radars-with-agm-88-harm-missiles/ |title= Ukrainian MiG-29s Are Hunting Russian Radars With AGM-88 Harm Missiles |date= 21 August 2022 |publisher=The Aviationist |access-date= 2022-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Michael Peck |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-quietly-gives-ukraine-anti-radar-missiles-to-fight-russia-2022-8 |title=The US Has Quietly Given Ukraine Anti-Radar Missiles to Fight Russia |work= Business insider |date=2022-08-17 |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref>
*** 2 × [[Kh-29]]T/TE (MiG-29SMT, MiG-29M/M2, MiG-29K/KR and MiG-35 only)
*** 6 × [[R-77 (missile)|R-77]] (MiG-29S, MiG-29M/M2 & MiG-29K only)
|hardpoint bombs=<br/>
*** 6 × {{convert|665|kg|lb|abbr=on}} bombs
*** 4 × [[FAB-500]]-M62 500kg general purpose bomb
*** 4 × [[FAB-250]]-M62 250kg general purpose bomb
*** 4 × [[BETAB-500]] 500kg concrete piercing bomb
*** 4 × [[KMGU]]-AO2/PTAB munitions dispenser
*** 4 × [[RBK-500]]-PTAB/255-PTAB 500kg cluster bomb
*** 4 × [[RBK-250]]-PTAB/275-AO 250kg cluster bomb
*** [[Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon]]<ref>{{cite news |title=India unveils smart desi bomb that can cripple enemy's airfields 100 km away without crossing into hostile |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/india-unveils-smart-desi-bomb-that-can-cripple-enemys-airfields-100-km-away-without-crossing-into-hostile-territory/articleshow/121945961.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 August 2025 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|hardpoint other=<br/>
*** 1 × 1400 L external [[drop tank]]
*** 2 × 1100 L external [[drop tank]]
|avionics=
* Radar depands in variants: N019 family [[radar]] or Phazotron [[Zhuk (radar)#Zhuk-M (export Designation Zhuk-ME)|Zhuk-M]] (export designation Zhuk-ME) radar
* OEPS-29 [[Infrared search and track|IRST]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065929229&pu=1&rd=janes_com |title=US hubs become defenders of the earth |website= Jane’s |access-date= 24 May 2021 |archive-date= 12 September 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120912194712/http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065929229&pu=1&rd=janes_com|url-status=live}}</ref>
* SPO-15 'Beryoza' [[Radar warning receiver|RWR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.kagero.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=368:mig-29&catid=95&Itemid=688 |title= MiG-29|website=Kagero |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-date= 22 April 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112744/http://kagero.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=368:mig-29&catid=95&Itemid=688|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] D-29 EW system (on [[MiG-29M|MiG-29 UPG]])<ref name="DRDO"/>
}}

==Accidents and incidents==
{{Incomplete list|date=January 2025}}

The Indian air force and navy have purchased 80 and 45 aircraft of their respective variants, and have lost 20 and five aircraft from 1989 to 2024, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Air Force, Indian Army and Naval Aviation Accidents and Incidents |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/accidents/listing.php?cur=0&qacid=71&qt=TY |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108155900/https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/accidents/listing.php?cur=0&qacid=71&qt=TY |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=Bharat Rakshak }}</ref>

* On 8 May 2020, an IAF MiG-29 from the [[No. 223 Squadron IAF|223 Squadron]] crashed near [[Jalandhar]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] with its pilot ejected safely after the aircraft failed to respond.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.defencestar.in/military/indian-air-force/a-mig-29-fighter-jet-of-indian-air-force-crashes-in-punjab/3444/?amp |title=A Mig 29 fighter jet of Indian Air Force crashes in Punjab |date=8 May 2020 |work=Defence Star |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135233/https://www.defencestar.in/military/air-force/defence-news-india-iaf-mig-29-crash-upgraded-mig-29-of-indian-air-force-crashes-in-punjab/3444/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 2 September 2024, a MiG-29 (KBU-3112) of IAF's [[No. 47 Squadron IAF|47 Squadron]] crashed during a night training mission in an unpopulated area near [[Uttarlai]] of [[Barmer district]] in [[Rajasthan]] due to technical reasons, and the pilot ejected safely.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 September 2024 |title=MiG-29 fighter jet crashes in Rajasthan due to technical snag, pilot safe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/air-force-mig-29-aircraft-crashes-rajasthan-barmer-pilot-safe-2592509-2024-09-02 |access-date=3 June 2025 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MiG-29 Fighter Jet Crashes In Rajasthan, Pilot Safe |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mig-29-fighter-jet-crashes-in-rajasthan-pilot-safe-6476114 |date=3 September 2024 |access-date=19 November 2025| work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
* On 4 November 2024, a MiG-29 (KBU-711) of the [[No. 28 Squadron IAF|28 Squadron]] crashed enroute from [[Adampur Air Force Base|Adampur]] to [[Agra Air Force Station|Agra]] during a routine training mission due to technical issues. The aircraft [[Stall (aircraft)|stalled]] and eventually entered a [[Flat spin (aviation)|flat spin]] before the crash, with the pilot ejecting safely.<ref>{{cite news |title=Video: Air Force's MiG-29 Stalls In Flat Spin Seconds Before It Crashed |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/video-air-forces-mig-29-stalls-in-flat-spin-seconds-before-it-crashed-6943372 |access-date=5 June 2025| work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2024 |title=MiG-29 fighter jet crashes near Agra; pilot ejected from plane |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/mig-29-fighter-jet-crashes-near-agra-pilot-ejected-from-plane/articleshow/114946495.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 November 2024 |title=MiG-29 fighter jet crash: 85 people questioned, clips capturing incident analysed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/agra-mig-29-fighter-jet-crash-defence-agency-intensify-investigation-2630593-2024-11-08?utm_source=washare&utm_medium=socialicons&utm_campaign=shareurltracking |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> 

==In popular culture==
{{Main|Aircraft in fiction#Mikoyan MiG-29|l1=Mikoyan MiG-29 in fiction}}

<!-- ===============({{NoMoreCruft}})===============-->
<!-- Please READ [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content#Popular culture]] and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Style guide#Popular culture]] before adding any "Popular culture" items.

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==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|see also=
* [[Fourth-generation fighter]]
* [[Ghost of Kyiv]]
|related= <!-- designs which were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
* [[Mikoyan MiG-29K]]
* [[Mikoyan MiG-29M]]
* [[Mikoyan MiG-35]]
|similar aircraft= <!-- aircraft that are of similar Role, Era, and Capability this design: -->
* [[AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo]]
* [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]
* [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]]
|lists= <!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS]]
<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more explanation of these fields. -->
}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|32em}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen |volume= 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994–2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Co. Publishing |location= Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}}
* {{cite book |last1= Cooper |first1=Tom |author1-mask= 3 |title= MiG-23 Flogger in the Middle East, Mikoyan i Gurevich MiG-23 in Service in Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Syria, 1973–2018 |date= 2018b |publisher=Helion & Co. Publishing |location= Warwick |isbn= 978-1-912390-32-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |author1-mask= 3 |last2= Weinert |first2= Peter |last3= Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4= Lepko |first4=Mark |title= African MiGs |volume= 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher= Harpia Publishing |location= Houston |isbn= 978-0-9825539-8-5}}
* {{Citation |last= Day |first= Jerry |title= Hot Hot Hot! |journal= Air Classics |volume= 45 |issue= 4 |date= April 2009}}.
* {{Citation |editor-last= Eden |editor-first= Paul |title= Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum |encyclopedia= Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |place= London |publisher= Amber Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 1-904687-84-9}}.
* {{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Yefim |first2=Peter |last2=Davison |title= Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum |location= North Branch, [[Minnesota|MN]] |publisher= Specialty Press |year= 2005 |isbn= 978-1-58007-085-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Yefim |date=2006 |title=Mikoyan Mig-29 |publisher= Midland Publishing |isbn= 978-1-85780-231-3 |series= Famous Russian aircraft |url= https://archive.org/details/midland-publishing-famous-russian-aircraft-mi-g-29/mode/1up |via= Internet Archive |others= Dimitriy Komissarov, transl.}}
* {{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Six: Middle East and North Africa |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=328–395 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 |access-date=4 August 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2024}} |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}
* Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''.  Arlington, [[Texas|TX]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}.
* Lake, Jon. "Mikoyan MiG-29 'Fulcrum'". ''World Air power Journal''. Volume 4, Winter 1990/91. London: Aerospace Publishing. pp.&nbsp;44–91. {{ISBN|1-874023-06-9}}. {{ISSN|0959-7050}}.
* {{Citation |last= Lake |first= Jon |author-mask= 3 |title= Jane's How to Fly and Fight in the Mikoyan MiG-29 |place= New York |publisher= HarperCollins |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-00-472144-6}}.
* {{Citation |last= Lake |first= Jon |author-mask= 3 |title= Variant Briefing: Mikoyan MiG-29 |journal= World Air Power Journal |volume= 36 |date= Spring 1999 |place= London |publisher= Aerospace Publishing |pages= 108–35 |isbn= 978-1-86184-027-1}}.
* {{Citation |last= Lambert |first= Mark |title= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94 |place= Coulsdon, UK |publisher= Jane's Data Division |year= 1993 |isbn= 0-7106-1066-1}}.
* North, David M. ''[http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/01/1990-%20MiG-29%20Pilot%20Report%20%281%20of%202%29.pdf MiG-29 Pilot Report, part 1] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150226134950/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/01/1990-%20MiG-29%20Pilot%20Report%20%281%20of%202%29.pdf |date=26 February 2015}} [http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/01/1990-%20MiG-29%20Pilot%20Report%20%282%20of%202%29.pdf Part 2] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150226134901/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/01/1990-%20MiG-29%20Pilot%20Report%20%282%20of%202%29.pdf |date=26 February 2015}}'' <!--from http://aviationweek.com/blog/pilot-reports-mikoyan-mig-29-and-sukhoi-su-27-1990 -->
* Spick, Mike, ed. "MiG-29 'Fulcrum'". "The Flanker". ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. St. Paul, [[Minnesota|MN]]: MBI Publishing, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140807153322/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/production/?tid=1&id=17 MiG-29/-29UB/-29SE], [https://web.archive.org/web/20081229143025/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/production/?tid=1&id=18 MiG-29SD], [https://web.archive.org/web/20081229130550/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/production/?tid=1&id=20 MiG-29SMT, upgraded MiG-29UB], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20130317093834/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_29_K_KUB_e.htm MiG-29K/KUB], MiG Corporation.
* [https://steamcdn-a.akamaihd.net/steam/apps/957110/manuals/DCS_MIG-29_Flight_Manual_EN.pdf MiG-29 Flight manual]
* [http://www.fabulousfulcrums.de/index_e.html German Luftwaffe's former MiG-29 Staffel 1./JG 73 "Steinhoff" in Laage], Fabulous Fulcrums.
* [http://www.milavia.net/aircraft/mig-29/mig-29.htm MiG-29], Milavia.
* [http://urrib2000.narod.ru/EqMiG29-e.html Cuban MiG-29], Narod.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110514051002/http://www.sci.fi/~fta/MiG-29.htm Intensive Finnish study on positive and negative features of the MiG-29 fighter], Sci.fi.
* {{Citation |url= http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/how-to-win-in-a-dogfight-stories-from-a-pilot-who-flew-1682723379 |title= How to Win in a Dogfight: Stories from a Pilot Who Flew F-16s and MiGs |work= Foxtrot Alpha |date= 3 February 2015 |publisher= Jalopnik}}.
* [http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/truth-about-mig-29-180952403/?all The Truth About the MiG-29], Airspace mag.

{{Mikoyan aircraft}}
{{YAF aircraft}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mikoyan MiG-029}}
[[Category:Mikoyan aircraft|MiG-029]]
[[Category:1970s Soviet fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1977]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation jet fighters]]
[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Mikoyan MiG-29 family aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]
[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]]