View source for Milad Tower

{{Short description|Tower in Tehran}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = Milad Tower
| native_name      = {{lang|fa|برج میلاد}}
| alternate_name   = 
| logo             = 
| logo_size        = 100px
| image            = Milad Tower in 2023.jpg
| image_size       = 
| image_caption    = Milad Tower, 2023
| location         = [[Tehran]], Iran
| image_map        = 
| map_caption      = Location within [[Tehran]] (dark blue)
| coordinates      = {{coord|35|44|41|N|51|22|31|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
| start_date       = 1997
| completion_date  = 2007
| opening          = 7 October 2008
| building_type    = Telecommunication, commercial, restaurant, observation
| height           = 435 meters
| antenna_spire    = {{convert|435.0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| roof             = {{convert|315.0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| top_floor        = {{convert|312.0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| floor_count      = 12
| elevator_count   = 6
| cost             = 266 billion tomans
| floor_area       = {{convert|154000|sqm|abbr=on}}
| architect        = Mohammad Reza Hafezi
| structural_engineer = 
| main_contractor  = [http://bolandpayeh.com/ Boland Payeh Co.]
| developer        = 
| owner            = Municipality of Tehran
| management       = [http://bolandpayeh.com/ Boland Payeh Co.]
| website          = [http://tehranmiladtower.ir Official website]
| references       = <ref name="skyscraper">{{cite web|title=Borj-e Milad, Tehran - SkyscraperPage.com|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=6767|publisher=Skyscraperpage.com|access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref><ref name="iitk">{{cite web|last=Zafarani|first=H.|title=Seismic Response Analysis of Milad Tower in Tehran, Iran|url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_05-01-0449.pdf|publisher=Iitk.ac.in|access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref><ref name="emporis"/>
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom    = 9
| mapframe-marker  = communications-tower
}}

The '''Milad Tower''' ({{langx|fa|برج میلاد}}, {{transliteration|fa|''Borj-e Milād''}}) (lit. Birth Tower)<ref name="emporis">{{cite web|title=Milad Tower {{!}} Buildings|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/miladtower-tehran-iran|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218213649/http://www.emporis.com/building/miladtower-tehran-iran|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 18, 2014|publisher=Emporis.com|access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref> is a multi-purpose tower in [[Tehran]], Iran. It is the [[List of towers|sixth-tallest tower]]<ref name="NBN Nasl Bartar Novin">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbn.ir/viewer.php?id=15 |publisher=NBN (Nasl Bartar Novin) |title=Milad Tower, a perfect product for a perfect project |access-date=2009-09-10 |date=n.d. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117010931/http://www.nbn.ir/viewer.php?id=15 |archive-date=November 17, 2009 }}</ref> and the world's first telecommunication tower in terms of the usage area of the top structure and the tallest tower in Iran and the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world#Tallest structures, freestanding structures, and buildings|24th-tallest freestanding structure]] in the world.<ref>Andrew Burke, Mark Elliott. ''Iran (Lonely Planet Country Guide)''. p. 114. Lonely Planet Publications, 5th Edition, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-74104-293-1}}.</ref> The construction of the tower took about 11 years and 7 months.

It is located between [[Shahrak-e Gharb]] and the district of [[Gisha]], standing at 435 meters from the base to the tip of the antenna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cellular-news.com/story/34027.php |publisher=Cellular-News |title=Iran Opens World's 4th Highest Telecoms Tower |access-date=2009-10-05 |date=2009-09-08}}</ref> The head consists of a large pod with 12 floors, the roof of which is at 315 meters.

The tower is a part of the International Trade and Convention Center of Tehran, which also includes a five-star hotel, a convention center, a world trade center, and an IT park.<ref name="skyscraper"/><ref name="iitk"/><ref name="emporis"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Milad Tower |url=https://www.visitiran.ir/attraction/milad-tower |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=www.visitiran.ir |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Background ===
The Milad Tower was part of the Shahestan Pahlavi project, a vast development for a new government and commercial centre for Tehran, that was designed in the 1970s but never materialised, except for the tower. After an international competition, the project was awarded to the Llewelyn Davies Company and construction was inaugurated on 19 August 1975, with Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] and Mayor of Tehran, [[Gholamreza Nikpey]] burying a commemorative gold plaque.<ref>Shahestan Pahlavi. Book 1: The Master Plan. Llewely Davies, 1976</ref> There is also another background of building this tower, since the construction of the tower was started after the [[1979 revolution]]. The new government of Iran wanted to create a new symbol for [[Tehran]] to replace the [[Azadi Tower]] that was a symbol of the [[Pahlavi Iran|Pahlavi era]].

== Opening ==
After 11 years since the beginning of construction, on October 7, 2008, Milad Tower was inaugurated<ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/1335/1/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF برج میلاد تهران Milad Tower, Tehran]</ref> in the presence of representatives of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]], members of the [[Islamic City Council of Tehran]], and [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]], the mayor of Tehran, with the slogan "The sky is near." The ceremony was covered by more than 250 Iranian and foreign journalists.<ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/1335/1/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF برج میلاد تهران Milad Tower, Tehran]</ref>

=== Construction ===
{{see also|Construction industry of Iran}}
The construction of the tower was commenced in 1997. In 2001, at the suggestion of the Islamic Council of Tehran, on the occasion of the 100th birthday of [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it was renamed Milad Tower. The construction of this tower lasted for 11 years. In the first 8 years, only 40% of the tower was completed, but with the acceleration of the project by [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]], the mayor of Tehran, the next 60% was built in 30 months. Upon completion of its construction in the mid 2000s, the Milad Tower was considered the [[List of tallest towers|fourth-tallest freestanding telecommunication tower in the world]].<ref name="emporis"/> The tower's construction was finished in 2007, 11 years after the beginning of construction. On 7 October 2008, Milad Tower was opened with the slogan "Heaven is near" in the presence of representatives of the Islamic Council, members of the Islamic Council of Tehran and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, the mayor of Tehran. This ceremony was covered by more than 250 Iranian and foreign journalists. Numerous conflicts on the history of the tower still prevail, partly because sections of the tower were open to visitors once the elevators started operating during construction and the tower was still far from finished.<ref name="skyscraper"/><ref name="iitk"/><ref name="emporis"/>

The design of the project was headed by Iranian architect Mohammad Reza Hafezi<!--Q22001242-->. The general contractor was the company of Boland Payeh, and the main client and investor was the company of Yadman Sazeh, a representative of the Municipality of Tehran.<ref name="iitk"/>

== Structure and features ==
[[File:Milad-outline.svg|thumb|64px|left|Outline of the Milad Tower]]
[[File:Tallest towers in the world.svg|lang=ml|thumb|250px|The Milad Tower among the [[List of tallest towers|world's seven tallest towers]]]]

Milad Tower is {{convert|435|meters|ft}} tall and is the tallest tower in Iran, and the [[List of tallest towers in the world|sixth-tallest telecommunication tower]] in the world. It consists of five main parts, including the foundation, transition (lobby) structure, shaft, head structure and the antenna mast.

The lobby structure consists of six floors. The first three floors consist of 63 trade units, 11 [[food court]]s, a cafeteria, and a commercial products exhibition which is supposed to be about {{convert|260|sqm}}.<ref name="emporis"/> The first and second underground floors consist of installing sections and a data center. The ground floor is dedicated to the entrance and the gatehouse.

[[File:Miladtower elevator.ogv|thumb|Inside one of the elevators of the Milad Tower]]
The shaft is a [[concrete]] structure about {{convert|315|m|ft}} high from the ground floor. Six elevators in three different sides of the shaft are used to transfer the visitors to the head of the tower at the speed of {{convert|7|m/s|km/s}}, besides an emergency staircase at the fourth side.

The head of the tower is a steel structure weighing about 25,000 tonnes and consisting of 12 floors. The top floors of the tower include a public art gallery, a cafeteria, a [[revolving restaurant]], a VIP restaurant, telecommunication floors, [[mechanical floor]]s, fire-immune areas built as a refuge zone,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iuatehran2009.ir/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=42 |publisher=IUA |title=Congress Venue |access-date=2009-10-05 |date=2009-03-13 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a closed observation deck, an open observation deck, and a [[mwod:sky-dome#:~:text=Definition of sky-dome,represents the sky — compare cyclorama|sky dome]].<ref name="iitk"/>

The four-stage antenna mast is about {{convert|120|m|ft}} high. The lower floor of the mast is for the adjustment of public users' telecommunication antennas, and the three upper floors are dedicated to the antenna of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting]].<ref name="iitk"/><ref name="emporis"/>

The complex also features a parking area of about {{convert|27,000|sqm}}, a large computer and telecommunications unit, a cultural and scientific unit, a commercial transaction center, a temporary showroom for exhibiting products, a specialized library, an exhibition hall, and an administrative unit.

The Milad Tower has an [[Octagon|octagonal base]], a reference to traditional [[Iranian architecture]].<ref name="iitk"/>

===Selection of the location===
To select the best location for the construction of the tower, 21 locations in Tehran were carefully examined from all angles, of which 4 locations (Abbas Abad, Lavizan, Yousef Abad, and Nasr area) were selected. After final studies, Gisha (Nasr) district was selected for the construction of the Milad Tower in late 1993 to be a symbol of the city and a tourist attraction.<ref>[https://moarefan.com/blog/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86 تاریخچه ای از برج میلاد A history of Milad Tower]</ref>
====Related highways====
The four highways leading to Milad Tower are:<ref>[https://moarefan.com/blog/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86 تاریخچه ای از برج میلاد A history of Milad Tower]</ref>

1- "Shahid Hemmat Highway" to the north of the tower

2- "Sheikh Fadlallah Nouri Highway" to the west of the tower

3- "Shahid Hakim Highway" to the south of the tower

4- "Shahid Chamran Highway" to the east of the tower

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
Tochal and Milad Tower from Chitgar Park.jpg|[[Tochal|Mount Tochal]] and the Milad Tower
Milad tower2023.jpg|View of Tehran at night from Milad Tower
Milad Tower - panoramio (1).jpg|Milad Tower at night
Tour Milad, nuit, Téhéran (1).jpg|Milad Tower at night
Tour Milad, Téhéran (1).jpg|Milad Tower and a portrait of [[Ali Khamenei]]
Tour Milad, Téhéran (2).jpg|Milad Tower from below
آتشفشان دماوند.jpg|Milad Tower, and [[Mount Damavand]] in [[Mazandaran]]

</gallery>

== Ranks ==
* [[List of tallest towers|Sixth-tallest freestanding tower in the world]]
* [[List of tallest freestanding structures|24th-tallest freestanding structure in the world]]

== See also ==
* [[Fernsehturm Stuttgart]] &ndash; prototype (first TV tower built from concrete)
* [[List of revolving restaurants]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Tehran]]
* [[International rankings of Iran]]

===Similar Towers===
The [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]] in Malaysia bears a striking resemblance to the Milad Tower.

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

== External links ==
* {{commons-inline}}

{{Supertall}}
{{Tehran Province}}
{{Towers in Iran}}

[[Category:Amphitheaters]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tehran]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures with revolving restaurants]]
[[Category:Concert halls in Iran]]
[[Category:Islamic Republic of Iran era architecture]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Tehran]]
[[Category:Towers completed in 2007]]
[[Category:Towers in Iran]]
[[Category:Towers with revolving restaurants]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Iran]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2007]]
[[Category:Architecture in Iran]]
[[Category:National symbols of Iran]]