View source for Ministry of Public Security (China)

{{Short description|Chinese government security body}}
{{distinguish|Ministry of State Security (China)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| country           = China
| agencyname        = Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
| nativenamea       = {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|中华人民共和国公安部}}
| nativenamer       = {{small|''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Gōng'ānbù''}}
| patch             = File:Chinese police shoulder sleeve insignia (公安).svg
| patchcaption      = Patch of the Ministry of Public Security
| badge             = Police Badge of China.svg
| badgecaption      = Badge
| abbreviation      = MPS
| motto             = ''Be loyal to the Party, [[Serve the People]], Be impartial in law enforcement, and strict in discipline<ref>{{lang-zh|对党忠诚、服务人民、执法公正、纪律严明}}</ref>''
| formed            = 1949 (Current form 1954)
| national          = yes
| governingbody     = Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
| police            = yes
| headquarters      = No. 14 East Chang'an Street, [[Beijing]],100741
| sworn             = 1.9 million
| chief1name        = [[Wang Xiaohong]]
| chief1position    = Director
| website           = {{Official URL}}
}}
[[File:中华人民共和国公安部.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of the MPS]]
{{Politics of China |expanded = Judiciary }}The '''Ministry of Public Security''' ('''MPS''', {{lang-zh |c = {{linktext|公安部}} |p = Gōng'ānbù }}){{efn|{{small|Mandarin pronunciation:}} {{IPAc-cmn|g|ong|1|.|an|1|.|b|u|4}}; {{small|abbr. from}} {{lang-zh |c = 公共安全部 |p = Gōnggòng Ānquán Bù |l = Public Security Ministry }} {{small|Mandarin pronunciation:}} {{IPAc-cmn|g|ong|1|.|g|ong|4|-|an|1|.|quan|2|-|b|u|4}}}} is the primary law enforcement agency of the [[China|People's Republic of China]]. It oversees more than 1.9 million of the country's [[law enforcement]] officers and as such the vast majority of the [[People's Police (China)|People's Police]]. While the MPS is a nationwide police force, conducting [[counterintelligence]] and maintaining the political security of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) are also core functions.

The ministry employs a system of [[Public security bureau (China)|public security bureaus]] throughout the provinces, cities, municipalities and townships of China. The [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative regions]] of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] maintain separate police forces. The ministry is headed by the [[Minister of Public Security (China)|minister of public security]]. [[Wang Xiaohong]] has been the minister in charge since June 2022.

== History ==
The Ministry of Public Security was among the first government organs established in the PRC. It superseded the Ministry of Public Security of the CCP's [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]] (CMC), a transitional body created in July 1949 by removing the security service remit from the CCP's [[Central Social Affairs Department]] (SAD). The MPS began operations on 1 November 1949, at the end of a two-week-long National Conference of Senior Public Security Cadres. Most of its initial staff of less than 500 cadres came from the (former) regional CCP North China Department of Social Affairs. At the national level, its creation signaled the formal abolition of the SAD. The ministry moved to its present location, in the heart of the one-time foreign legation quarters in [[Beijing]], in the spring of 1950.<ref>Wang Zhongfang, "Gonganbu shi zemyang chenglide," in Zhu Chunlin (ed.) ''Lishi shunjian'' (Beijing: Qunzhong chubanshe, 1999), Vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;3–16.</ref>

The Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's Government was formed in 1954. [[Jiang (rank)#Dajiang|Grand General]] [[Luo Ruiqing]] of the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) served as its first minister.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Guo |first=Xuezhi |title=China's Security State: Philosophy, Evolution, and Politics |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-15089-7 |location=Cambridge |pages=64–105 |chapter=From the Social Affairs Department to Ministry of Public Security |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139150897.003 |oclc=1277069527}}</ref> As the ministry's organization was based on [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and [[Eastern Bloc]] models, it was responsible for all aspects of [[national security]]; ranging from regular police work to [[Intelligence agency|intelligence]], counterintelligence and the suppression of anti-CCP political and social sentiments.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> [[Military intelligence]] affairs remained with the [[Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission|General Staff Department]], while the CCP's [[International Department of the Chinese Communist Party|International Department]] was active in fomenting revolutionary tendencies worldwide by funneling weapons, money and resources into various pro-CCP movements.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |author= |date=December 1971 |title=Intelligence Report: The International Liaison Department of the Chinese Communist Party |url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/CPE/POLO/polo-33.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531113802/http://www.foia.cia.gov/CPE/POLO/polo-33.pdf |archive-date=May 31, 2012 |access-date=June 17, 2019 |website=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref>

In May 2016, the MPS with [[Alibaba Group]] launched a [[child abduction alert system]], using applications such [[Weibo]] and [[AutoNavi|Gaode Maps]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部启动儿童失踪信息紧急发布平台，信息精准推送相关人群 |trans-title=The Ministry of Public Security has launched an emergency platform for releasing information on missing children, accurately pushing information to relevant groups |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1469529 |website=[[The Paper (newspaper)|The Paper]] |language=zh}}</ref>

Prior to 2018, the MPS was also in charge of {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Firefighting Bureau|zh|公安部消防局}}, who was in charge of firefighting duties around China, including the [[Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces|MPSASF]]'s {{Ill|China Fire Services|zh|公安消防部队}} and volunteer firefighters.

Following the creation of the [[People's Armed Police]] in 1982, Border Defense, Guards and Firefighting personnel of the MPS were turned into PAP personnel, with these 3 agencies being known as [[Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces]].<ref name=":39">{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Haihua |date=2016-03-06 |title=武警部队历史沿革 |trans-title=History of the People's Armed Police |url=http://www.81.cn/2016wujing/2016-03/06/content_6944527.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130161128/http://www.81.cn/2016wujing/2016-03/06/content_6944527.htm |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Chinese Military}}</ref>

In 2018, all 3 MPSASF agencies were disbanded. Guard Corps and Border Defense personnel were converted into [[People's Police (China)|People's Police]] personnel, with Border Defense Personnel being handed over to the [[National Immigration Administration]] and Guard Corps Personnel becoming part of the {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Special Service Bureau|zh|公安部特勤局}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-01 |title=公安邊防、警衛部隊舉行集體換裝和入警宣誓儀式 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0101/c1001-30498106.html |website=People's Daily}}</ref> China Fire Services were turned into the [[National Fire and Rescue Administration]] under the [[Ministry of Emergency Management]], ending the MPS's command of firefighting forces since 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=应急管理部发布国家综合性消防救援队伍改革过渡期身份标识牌 |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-10/10/content_5329078.htm |website=Chinese government}}</ref>

=== Counterintelligence ===
The MPS's Guangzhou office historically handled foreign spies such as [[Larry Wu-tai Chin]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Joske |first=Alex |author-link=Alex Joske |date=2022-01-25 |title=Secret police: The Ministry of Public Security's clandestine foreign operations |url=https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/mps0.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125040350/https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/mps0.pdf |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Sinopsis |language=en-US}}</ref>

With the creation of the [[Ministry of State Security (China)|Ministry of State Security]] (MSS) in July 1983, MPS lost much of its counterintelligence personnel and remit.<ref name=":2" /> Scholars Jichang Lulu and Filip Jirouš have argued that the establishment of the MSS "may have contributed to the illusion that the MPS is simply a law-enforcement police body, separate from intelligence agencies."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Lulu |first1=Jichang |last2=Jirouš |first2=Filip |date=2022-02-21 |title=Back to the Cheka: The Ministry of Public Security's political protection work |url=https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mps1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221141840/https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mps1.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Sinopsis |language=en-US |quote=The CCP security apparatus exploits foreign perceptions of the MPS as equivalent to their own police to further its state security mission. Foreign judiciaries and law enforcement agencies cooperating with the MPS and other organs in the CCP political and legal system become ancillary to the protection of the party's political security.}}</ref> According to analyst [[Alex Joske]], "the MPS lost much of its foreign intelligence remit after the MSS's creation, but has established new units for cross-border clandestine operations since then."<ref name=":2" /> The MPS remains a commonly used cover by MSS officers.<ref name=":222">{{Cite book |last=Joske |first=Alex |title=[[Spies and Lies (Joske book)|Spies and Lies: How China's Greatest Covert Operations Fooled the World]] |publisher=Hardie Grant Books |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-74358-900-7 |location=Melbourne |pages=27 |language=en-AUS |chapter=Nestling spies in the united front |oclc=1347020692 |author-link=Alex Joske}}</ref>

Following the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]], the MPS worked to counter [[Operation Yellowbird]].<ref name=":1" />

The MPS and its officers have been active abroad in [[Operation Fox Hunt]] and [[Operation Sky Net]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gan |first=Nectar |date=2015-04-18 |title=Revealed: the team behind China's Operation Fox Hunt against graft suspects hiding abroad |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1768993/team-behind-chinas-operation-fox-hunt-revealed |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306183019/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1768993/team-behind-chinas-operation-fox-hunt-revealed |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rotella |first1=Sebastian |author-link=Sebastian Rotella |last2=Berg |first2=Kirsten |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Operation Fox Hunt: How China Exports Repression Using a Network of Spies Hidden in Plain Sight |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/operation-fox-hunt-how-china-exports-repression-using-a-network-of-spies-hidden-in-plain-sight?token=uoYT3QQC93fqm0Bw2XM2uFPVTHBJBAML |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305173754/https://www.propublica.org/article/operation-fox-hunt-how-china-exports-repression-using-a-network-of-spies-hidden-in-plain-sight?token=uoYT3QQC93fqm0Bw2XM2uFPVTHBJBAML |archive-date=March 5, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=[[ProPublica]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Walden |first=Max |date=2022-01-18 |title='Why stop?': NGO says Australia's failure to block forced return of residents to China has encouraged Beijing |language=en-AU |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-19/china-operations-to-force-fugitives-back/100747234 |access-date=2022-03-05 |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228090124/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-19/china-operations-to-force-fugitives-back/100747234 |url-status=live }}</ref> The MPS under [[Sun Lijun]] had reporters from ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in Hong Kong under "full operational surveillance" for their reporting of the [[1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal|1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Tom |last2=Hope |first2=Bradley |date=2019-01-07 |title=China Offered to Bail Out Troubled Malaysian Fund in Return for Deals |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-flexes-its-political-muscle-to-expand-power-overseas-11546890449 |access-date=2022-03-05 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212163924/https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-flexes-its-political-muscle-to-expand-power-overseas-11546890449 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" />

=== Foreign relations ===
In 2017, [[Europol]] signed a "strategic cooperation agreement" with the MPS.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Godement |first1=François |last2=Vasselier |first2=Abigaël |date=2017-12-01 |title=China at the gates: A new power audit of EU-China relations |url=https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_eu_power_audit7242/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |publisher=[[European Council on Foreign Relations]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306203846/https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_eu_power_audit7242/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Starting in 2019, the MPS began replacing "domestic security" with "political security" in the names of its units.<ref name=":1" /> In 2020, the [[United States Department of Commerce]] added the MPS Institute of Forensic Science to the [[Entity List]] over [[Human rights in China|human rights]] issues related to the [[persecution of Uyghurs in China]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Spegele |first1=Brian |last2=Hutzler |first2=Charles |date=2023-07-24 |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} U.S. Weighs Potential Deal With China on Fentanyl |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-weighs-potential-deal-with-china-on-fentanyl-276af69b |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-07-25 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> The institute was removed from the list in 2023 as part of an agreement during the [[APEC United States 2023]] to combat [[fentanyl]] trafficking.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-16 |title=Biden removes sanctions from Chinese institute in push for fentanyl help|language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/us-commerce-dept-removes-chinese-agency-entity-list-federal-register-2023-11-16/ |access-date=2023-11-16|author-first1=Alexandra|author-last1=Alper|author-first2=Michael|author-last2=Martina}}</ref>

MPS has at times been involved in security diplomacy between China and other countries.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Shinn |first1=David H. |title=China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement |last2=Eisenman |first2=Joshua |date=2023 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-21001-0 |location=New York |author-link=David H. Shinn}}</ref>{{Rp|page=|pages=219–220}} For example, between 1997 and 2020, it organized 11 bilateral police diplomacy meetings with African countries.<ref name=":32" />{{Rp|page=220}} Under [[Xi Jinping]]'s [[General secretaryship of Xi Jinping|general secretaryship]], the MPS has increased its training of police officers from other countries.<ref name=":32" />{{Rp|page=241}}

In 2022, it was reported that the MPS had established numerous [[Chinese police overseas service stations|overseas police service stations]], which sparked investigations by law enforcement organs in multiple countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Griffiths |first1=James |last2=Galea |first2=Irene |date=2022-09-21 |title=Chinese police establish stations overseas in 'worrying' crackdown on citizens abroad |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-china-police-stations-citizen-crackdown/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Secret Chinese 'police stations' to be investigated around Britain |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-police-china-london-glasgow-investigating-unacceptable-chinese-police-stations-in-britain/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=[[Politico]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-last1=Cecco |author-first1=Leyland |date=2022-11-07 |title='A brazen intrusion': China's foreign police stations raise hackles in Canada |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/07/chinese-police-stations-toronto-canada |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the [[United States Department of Justice]] stated that the MPS engages in covert "intelligence and national security operations far beyond China's borders," including "illicit, [[Transnational repression by China|transnational repression]] schemes".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General David Newman Delivers Remarks Announcing Transnational Repression Cases |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/principal-deputy-assistant-attorney-general-david-newman-delivers-remarks-announcing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617200147/https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/principal-deputy-assistant-attorney-general-david-newman-delivers-remarks-announcing |archive-date=June 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=[[United States Department of Justice]] |language=en}}</ref> It charged 34 MPS officers with using fake social media accounts to harass overseas dissidents.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Honderich |first=Holly |date=2023-04-17 |title=FBI makes arrests over alleged secret Chinese 'police stations' in New York |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65305415 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417214856/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65305415 |archive-date=April 17, 2023 |access-date=2025-02-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==== Cyber operations ====
In 2022, disinformation operations known as [[Spamouflage]] or "Dragonbridge" were linked to the MPS.<ref>{{Cite web |author-last1=O'Sullivan |author-first1=Donie |date=2023-11-14 |title=China is using the world's largest known online disinformation operation to harass Americans, a CNN review finds |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/us/china-online-disinformation-invs/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114005321/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/us/china-online-disinformation-invs/index.html |archive-date=November 14, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |author-first2=Curt |author-last2=Devine |author-first3=Allison |author-last3=Gordon}}</ref> In February 2024, files from [[I-Soon leak|I-Soon]], an MPS contractor used for hacking, were leaked publicly.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sepherd |first=Christian |last2=Cadell |first2=Cate |last3=Nakashima |first3=Ellen |author-link3=Ellen Nakashima |last4=Menn |first4=Joseph |last5=Aaron |first5=Schaffer |date=February 21, 2024 |title=Leaked files from Chinese firm show vast international hacking effort |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/21/china-hacking-leak-documents-isoon/ |access-date=May 27, 2025 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In the run-up to the [[2024 United States elections]], Spamouflage was identified as having used fake social media accounts in an attempt to amplify divisions in US society.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |last2=Myers |first2=Steven Lee |date=1 April 2024 |title=China's Advancing Efforts to Influence the U.S. Election Raise Alarms |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/01/business/media/china-online-disinformation-us-election.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403091121/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/01/business/media/china-online-disinformation-us-election.html |archive-date=April 3, 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

== Function ==
The Ministry of Public security is the main police agency of China. It manages the vast majority of the [[People's Police (China)|People's Police]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Decoding Chinese Politics: Security |url=https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/decoding-chinese-politics?policy=security&group=organizations&size=rank&connection=personal |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=[[Asia Society]]}}</ref> The ministry's functions and responsibilities include criminal investigations, managing detention centers, counterterrorism, counternarcotics, transport security, traffic safety, anti-smuggling intelligence gathering and maintaining [[public security]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001}}</ref>{{Rp|page=40}} Additionally, conducting [[counterintelligence]] and maintaining the political security of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) remain its core functions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schwarck |first=Edward |date=July 2018 |title=Intelligence and Informatization: The Rise of the Ministry of Public Security in Intelligence Work in China |journal=[[The China Journal]] |language=en |volume=80 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1086/697089 |issn=1324-9347 |s2cid=149764208}}</ref> It has the primary authority for preventing [[cyberattack]]s and it operates the [[Golden Shield Project]].<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=143}}

== Organization ==
[[File:Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of the Ministry of Public Security in Beijing]]
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2025}}
The ministry is headed by the [[Minister of Public Security (China)|minister of public security]]. [[Wang Xiaohong]] has been the minister in charge since June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-28 |title=China's Xi Names Police Ally to Head Public Security Ministry |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-28/china-s-xi-jinping-names-police-ally-wang-xiaohong-to-head-security-ministry |access-date=2023-11-19 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |language=en |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818020026/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-28/china-s-xi-jinping-names-police-ally-wang-xiaohong-to-head-security-ministry |url-status=live }}</ref> The MPS is organized into functional departments (see below). Subordinate to the MPS are the provincial- and municipal-level PSB's ([[Public security bureau (China)|Public Security Bureau]]) and sub-bureaus at the county and urban district levels. At the grassroots level, finally, there are police stations ({{Lang-zh|c=派出所|p=Pàichūsuǒ}}) which serve as the direct point of contact between police and ordinary citizens.<ref name=":02" /> While public security considerations have weighed heavily at all levels of administration since the founding of the PRC, the police are perceived by some outside observers to wield progressively greater influence at lower levels of government. Provincial public security bureaus are subject to dual supervision by both local provincial governments and the central government.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cheng |first=Ming |date=1 March 1997 |title=Spy Headquarters Behind the Shrubs -- Supplement to 'Secrets About CPC Spies' |url=https://fas.org/irp/world/china/mps/org.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717151455/https://fas.org/irp/world/china/mps/org.htm |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref> The ministry is also closely associated with the development of surveillance technologies used by police in China through the Third Research Institute ({{Lang-zh |l = No. 3 Research Institute|s=第三研究所 |p=Dì-sān Yánjiūsuǒ }}) focused on the development of AI based “smart surveillance,” and censorship technologies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kania|first=Elsa|date=16 November 2017|title=Seeking a Panacea: The Party-State's Plans for Artificial Intelligence (Part 2)|url=https://www.ccpwatch.org/single-post/2017/11/15/seeking-a-panacea-the-party-state-s-plans-for-artificial-intelligence-part-2|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Centre for Advanced China Research (CACR)|archive-date=July 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717153753/https://www.ccpwatch.org/single-post/2017/11/15/seeking-a-panacea-the-party-state-s-plans-for-artificial-intelligence-part-2}}</ref>

On 5 March 1989, the MPS issued the "Notice on Issuing the 'Three Rules' Program of the Ministry of Public Security." In order to facilitate the work, the bureaus and departments of the MPS were re-numbered into the first, second, third bureau model. These serial numbers are only used for the public security functional organs. Offices, services, research centers, political departments, etc. do not use serial numbers.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/mps.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105030411/http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/mps.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Structure of the public security police; whether witness protection programs exist for those fearing organized crime groups |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/54648cbd4.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=December 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217012823/https://www.refworld.org/docid/54648cbd4.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 15, 2024 |title=How China stifles dissent without a KGB or Stasi of its own |url=https://www.economist.com/china/2024/02/15/how-china-stifles-dissent-without-a-kgb-or-stasi-of-its-own |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-02-17 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>

According to the July 2019 "Provisions on the Functions, Internal Structure, and Staffing of the Ministry of Public Security" ({{lang-zh|s=公安部职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定|l=}}), the MPS is organized into the following institutions:<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Chang [張起厚] |first=Chi-Hou |date=2022-03-01 |title=中共公安部的序列號職能局 |trans-title=The Study of Mainland China’s MPS Organization |url=https://www.mjib.gov.tw/FileUploads/eBooks/07a601707e054d82bfed627ba7300891/Section_file/cbde816ce66940458526c247ddc83b56.pdf |url-status=live |journal=展望與探索 (Prospect and Exploration) |volume=9-3 |issue=99 |pages=99–121 |via=Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau of the Republic of China (法務部調查局) |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |access-date=March 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923220702/https://www.mjib.gov.tw/FileUploads/eBooks/07a601707e054d82bfed627ba7300891/Section_file/cbde816ce66940458526c247ddc83b56.pdf }}</ref>

=== Internal departments ===
* General Office
* Intelligence Command Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=全国公安情报指挥部门——心系"国之大者" 全天候指挥中枢"耳聪目明" |trans-title=The National public security intelligence command departments - the core system of the "important matters of the country", all-weather command hubs with "sharp ears and keen eyes" |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n8310277/n8711411/n8711423/c8728156/content.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Ministry of Public Security}}</ref>
* Research Office
* Inspection and Audit Bureau
* Personnel Training Bureau
* Information and Publicity Bureau
* Bureau of Legal Affairs（sub-ministerial level）
* Inspection Work Leading Group
* Party committees
* Disciplinary Inspection Committee of Subordinate Organs
* Retired Cadres Bureau<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=全国公安离退休干部服务部门——用心用力用情 为老同志办实事办好事 |trans-title=National Public Security Retired Cadres Service Department - Do practical and good things for old comrades with heart, effort and affection |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n8310277/n8486202/n8486248/c8487488/content.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China |language=zh}}</ref>

===Functional bureaus===
* [[Political Security Protection Bureau]] (1st Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Economic Crimes Investigation Bureau|lt=Economic Crimes Investigation Bureau|zh|公安部经济犯罪侦查局}} (2nd Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |last=马文华 |date=2024-05-15 |title=全国公安经侦部门全力护航经济社会高质量发展_部门动态_中国政府网 |trans-title=The national public security economic investigation departments are fully committed to safeguarding the high-quality development of the economy and society |url=https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202405/content_6951168.htm |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=[[State Council of the People's Republic of China]] |language=zh}}</ref>
* Public Order Bureau (3rd Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |last=杨鹤 |date=2024-08-02 |title=公安部治安管理局局长仇保利_ |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/xctp/202408/content_6966205.htm |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Government of China}}</ref>
* Prevention and Processing of Cult Crimes Bureau (4th Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=全国公安反邪教部门深入开展反邪教斗争 铸斩邪利剑 扬清风正气 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n4242954/n4841045/n4841055/c9869289/content.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China}}</ref>
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Criminal Investigation Bureau|lt=Criminal Investigation Bureau|zh|公安部刑事侦查局}} (5th Bureau)
* Anti-terrorism Bureau (6th Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Food and Drug Crimes Investigation Bureau|lt=Food and Drug Crimes Investigation Bureau|zh|公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局}} (7th Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Special Service Bureau|lt=Special Service Bureau|zh|公安部特勤局}} (8th Bureau)
* [[Central Guard Bureau]] (9th Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Railway Public Security Bureau|lt=Railway Public Security Bureau|zh|公安部铁路公安局}} (10th Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=公安部铁路公安局部署推进"一车一警"工作 |url=http://www.phcppsu.com/news/show.aspx?id=9744 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.phcppsu.com}}</ref>
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Online Safety Bureau|lt=Online Safety Bureau|zh|公安部网络安全保卫局}} (11th Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Technical Investigations Bureau|lt=Technical Investigations Bureau|zh|公安部技术侦察局}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-12 |title=Ren Changxia |url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/special/13/1057-1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075642/http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/special/13/1057-1.htm |archive-date=2016-03-05 |website=[[All-China Women's Federation]]}}</ref> (12th Bureau)
* Prison Administration Bureau (13th Bureau)
* {{Ill|General Administration of Customs Anti-Smuggling Bureau|zh|海关总署缉私局}} (14th Bureau)
* {{Ill|China Air Marshal Command|zh|中国民用航空局公安局}} (Officially [[Civil Aviation Administration of China|Civil Aviation Administration]] Public Security Bureau) (15th Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国民航空中警察总队二支队2022年度部门决算 |trans-title=China Air Marshal 2nd Detachment 2022 Budget |url=http://www.caac.gov.cn/PHONE/XXGK_17/XXGK/CZXX/202309/P020230914340424492378.pdf |access-date=2025-03-30}}</ref>
* Logistics Bureau (16th Bureau)
* {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Traffic Management Bureau|lt=Traffic Management Bureau|zh|公安部交通管理局}} (17th Bureau)
* Legal Affairs Bureau (18th Bureau)
* International Cooperation Bureau (19th Bureau)
* Equipment and Finances Bureau (20th Bureau)
* Drug Control Bureau (21st Bureau)<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部禁毒局 - 中国禁毒网 |url=http://www.nncc626.com/gabjdj.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.nncc626.com}}</ref>
* Technology and Information Bureau (22nd Bureau)
In line with the extensive use of [[One institution with two names|two names, one institution]] in Chinese bureaucracy, the Economic Crime Investigation Bureau is co-located with the [[Securities Crime Investigation Bureau]].{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} The International Arrests Bureau is located in the [[International Cooperation Bureau (China)|International Cooperation Bureau]], and is under the unified leadership of the [[Central Anti-Corruption Coordination Group]].{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} The daily work of the Political Department of the Ministry of Public Security is carried out by the Inspectorate Audit Bureau, the Personnel Training Bureau, and the Press and Publicity Bureau.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

=== Functional organs ===
* Yangtze River Shipping PSB (deputy department level)<ref>{{Cite web |title=交通部长江航运公安局 |url=https://www.gov.cn/2012gwy/content_1969317.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.gov.cn |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509204714/http://www.gov.cn/2012gwy/content_1969317.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== External agencies ===
* Embassies' and General Consulates' Police Affairs Liaison Organs
* Liaison Office in Hong Kong<ref>{{Cite web |title=中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区联络办公室 |url=http://www.locpg.gov.cn/jgjj/ |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Liaison Office of the Central People's Government at the Hong Kong S.A.R. |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125203554/http://www.locpg.gov.cn/jgjj/ }}</ref>
* Liaison Office in Macao<ref>{{Cite web |title=机构职能_中央政府驻澳门联络办公室 |url=http://www.zlb.gov.cn/nsjg.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao S.A.R.}}</ref>
* China-Solomon Islands Police Advisory Group<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=合作 平安 友谊 ——中国第四批赴所罗门群岛警务顾问组工作侧记 |url=http://www.phcppsu.com.cn/news/show.aspx?id=10118 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.phcppsu.com.cn}}</ref>

=== Subordinate units ===
* Network Technology Research Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=公安部科信局在我院举办全国公安机关智慧公安建设暨网络安全管理培训班 |url=https://www.jspi.cn/info/1034/10657.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Jiangsu Police Institute 江苏警官学院 |archive-date=February 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217171116/https://www.jspi.cn/info/1034/10657.htm }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部：行业内部人员已成为侵犯公民个人信息的重要犯罪主体 |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/kuaibao_detail.jsp?contid=1681073&from=kuaibao |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=m.thepaper.cn}}</ref>
* Drugs Intelligence Technology Center<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部禁毒情报技术中心-中国禁毒网 |url=http://www.nncc626.com/2015-04/24/c_127729071.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.nncc626.com |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221154848/http://www.nncc626.com/2015-04/24/c_127729071.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Information and Communication Center<ref name="gat.guizhou.gov.cn">{{Cite web |title=省公安厅科信处陪同公安部信息通信中心领导前往黔西南州兴仁市大山镇老里旗村开展定点帮扶工作调研 |url=https://gat.guizhou.gov.cn/jmhd/hygq/202106/t20210617_76948854.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=gat.guizhou.gov.cn}}</ref>
* Institute of Forensic Science<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部物证鉴定中心就被美国商务部列入出口管制实体清单事发表声明 |url=https://www.nia.gov.cn/n794014/n794021/c1301117/content.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.nia.gov.cn |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724193031/https://www.nia.gov.cn/n794014/n794021/c1301117/content.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-16 |title=US Lifts Sanctions on Chinese Institute to Seek Fentanyl Cooperation |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-lifts-sanctions-on-chinese-institute-to-seek-fentanyl-cooperation-/7358446.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Voice of America |language=en |archive-date=March 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317080728/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-lifts-sanctions-on-chinese-institute-to-seek-fentanyl-cooperation-/7358446.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=我们在公安部物证鉴定中心实习-中国刑事警察学院 |url=https://www.cipuc.edu.cn/info/2681/3977.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.cipuc.edu.cn}}</ref>
* Intelligence Center<ref>{{Cite web |last=余辉 |date=2019-06-06 |title=公安部情报中心一把手有了新身份 1月曾公开亮相 |url=https://news.sina.cn/gn/2019-06-06/detail-ihvhiews7219198.d.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Sina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=东方国信-让数据改变工作与生活 |url=https://www.bonc.com.cn/govern-hcyp |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=BONC |archive-date=September 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910181115/https://www.bonc.com.cn/govern-hcyp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Resident Identity Card Key Management Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=（2014年）公安部居民身份证密钥管理中心关于居民身份证阅读机具产品认证公告 |url=https://www.055110.com/law/1/20661.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.055110.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部身份证密钥管理中心原主任被查 |url=https://china.caixin.com/2014-02-13/100638006.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=china.caixin.com}}</ref>
* First Research Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国道路交通安全网 |url=https://www.crsa.net/corp/3886?page=1 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.crsa.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=公司介绍{{!}}公安部第一研究所 |url=http://cnscn.com.cn/index.php?homepage=fri1&file=introduce |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=China Smart City |archive-date=November 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127000831/http://cnscn.com.cn/index.php?file=introduce&homepage=fri1 }}</ref>
* Third Research Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=组织架构_公安部第三研究所 |url=https://www.trimps.ac.cn/gass/zzjg/index.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.trimps.ac.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=三所介绍_公安部第三研究所 |url=https://www.trimps.ac.cn/gass/js/index.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.trimps.ac.cn}}</ref>
* Science, Technology and Information Research Institute<ref name="gat.guizhou.gov.cn"/>
* [[China Crime Information Center]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sprick |first=Daniel |date=2019 |title=Predictive Policing in China: An Authoritarian Dream of Public Security |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3700785 |journal=Naveiñ Reet: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research |volume=9 |pages=307–308 |via=Elsevier SSRS}}</ref>
* Service Center{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* Road Traffic Safety Research Center{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* Household Management Research Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title=《二〇二一年全国姓名报告》发布 |url=https://app.mps.gov.cn/gdnps/pc/content.jsp?id=8349293 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=app.mps.gov.cn |archive-date=August 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826201012/https://app.mps.gov.cn/gdnps/pc/content.jsp?id=8349293 }}</ref>
* Internet Crime Information Center<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部防范电信网络诈骗信息监控中心2024年度公开招聘工作人员公告_专业_资格_岗位 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/752368703_121183543 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.sohu.com}}</ref>
* People's Police Daily<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=《人民公安报》刊发！聚焦台商区这项经验做法→-泉州要闻-泉州动态-政务公开-泉州市人民政府 |url=https://www.quanzhou.gov.cn/zfb/xxgk/zfxxgkzl/qzdt/qzyw/202503/t20250314_3148953.htm |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.quanzhou.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=邬春阳 |last2=田海军 |date=2024-10-05 |title=今天，《人民公安报》迎来40岁生日--中国警察网 |url=https://special.cpd.com.cn/2024/40years/1024/t_1153546.html |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=special.cpd.com.cn |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204203438/https://special.cpd.com.cn/2024/40years/1024/t_1153546.html }}</ref>
* Qunzhong Publishing House<ref>{{Cite web |title=群众出版社-学术之家 |url=https://qzcbs.xueshu.com/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=qzcbs.xueshu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=群众出版社 |url=http://www.qzcbs.com/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.qzcbs.com |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218092929/http://www.qzcbs.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Jindun Film and Television Cultural Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-15 |title=金盾影视文化中心赴开阳考察 |url=https://www.kaiyang.gov.cn/zsyz/yshj/202010/t20201022_64448151.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.kaiyang.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-05 |title=优酷与公安部金盾文化将共同开发涉警题材作品 |url=https://www.jiemian.com/article/1603122.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.jiemian.com}}</ref>
* Woodpecker Magazine<ref>{{Cite web |title=啄木鸟杂志社 |url=http://www.e-woodpecker.com/index.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.e-woodpecker.com |archive-date=February 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206223015/http://www.e-woodpecker.com/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Kindergarten{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* Traffic Management Research Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-24 |title=公安部道路交通安全研究中心 |url=https://www.crsa.net/corp/3863?page=1 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=China Road Safety Association (中国道路交通安全协会) |archive-date=February 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207135330/https://crsa.net/corp/3863?page=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Procurement Center for Police Equipment<ref>{{Cite web |title=中心概况-公安部警用装备采购中心 |url=https://www.pcpe.cn/zxgk |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Procurement Center for Police Equipment of the Ministry of Public Security |archive-date=November 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111181127/https://www.pcpe.cn/zxgk }}</ref>
* Police Equipment and Materiel Reserve Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-20 |title=人机验证 公安部警用装备物资储备中心物业管理服务采购项目中标公告文件 |url=https://www.bidcenter.com.cn/HumanMachineVerification.shtml?url=https://www.bidcenter.com.cn/document/30eb21f5ffb99fd00b7fec9996ee7e0a.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.bidcenter.com.cn}}</ref>
* Kunming Police Dog Base<ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部昆明警犬基地 |url=https://jobs.ynu.edu.cn/company/view/id/500645 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=jobs.ynu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=公安部昆明警犬基地 |url=https://www.kmjqjd.com/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.kmjqjd.com |archive-date=March 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301041102/http://www.kmjqjd.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Nanchang Police Dog Base<ref>{{Cite web |title=基地简介-公安部南昌警犬基地 |url=https://gabncjqjd.com/view11-42.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=gabncjqjd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=南昌警犬基地动物医院-公安部南昌警犬基地动物医院 |url=http://www.jqjddwyy.com/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=gonganjingquan.diyiqiang.cn |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113155541/http://www.jqjddwyy.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Nanjing Police Dog Research Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=农村中心到南京公安部警犬研究所调研服务类动物繁育科研现状 |trans-title=The Rural Center arrives at Nanjing's Ministry of Public Security Police Dog Research Institute to investigate the status of research on the breeding of service animals |url=http://www.crtdc.org.cn/cms/web/content.html?id=505 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=China Rural Technology Development Center}}</ref>
* Police Dog Technical School<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=警犬技术学院（公安部沈阳警犬基地）简介 |url=https://www.cipuc.edu.cn/info/2621/5722.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Criminal Investigation Police University of China 中国刑事警察学院 |archive-date=September 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910213258/https://www.cipuc.edu.cn/info/2621/5722.htm }}</ref>
* Beidaihe Guesthouse<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=公安部北戴河招待所 |url=https://xunbiaobao.baidu.com/company?id=OTIzMjg0Njc5OTY3NDcy |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=xunbiaobao.baidu.com}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
* National Anti-fraud Center<ref name=":6" />
* News Media Center<ref name=":6" />
* Big Data Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=应急管理部大数据中心2024年度第一批次公开招聘工作人员公告 |url=https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/SYrlzyhshbzb/fwyd/SYkaoshizhaopin/zyhgjjgsydwgkzp/zpgg/202312/t20231205_510039.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China [中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部]}}</ref>
* Special Duties Preparedness Center<ref name=":6" />
* Examinations Center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-11-30 |title=广西公安民警大练兵成果丰 勇警两秒拔枪射中靶 |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-11-30/06207579323s.shtml |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=news.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=【夏季行动】市公安局承办全省公安机关第一期"红蓝对抗"实战化技能训练演练培训班 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/IA6G75C70534H20Q.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=163.com}}</ref>

=== Higher academic institutions===
{{see_also|List of Chinese Police Schools & Academies}}
* [[People's Public Security University of China]]
* [[China People's Police University]]
* [[Criminal Investigation Police University of China]]
* [[Zhengzhou Police University]]
* [[Nanjing Police University]]

=== Business units ===
* China Security Anti Counterfeiting Certificate Development Center<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国安全防伪证件研制中心 |url=https://www.chinacdpc.com/gaikuang/jianjie.shtml |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.chinacdpc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中国道路交通安全网 |url=https://www.crsa.net/corp/3923 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.crsa.net}}</ref>
* China Jing'an Trade Company

=== Social groups ===
* China Police Heroes and Martyrs Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |last=腾讯网 |date=2023-11-24 |title=中国公安民警英烈基金会到我省慰问调研_腾讯新闻 |url=https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231124A09Y4P00 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=news.qq.com |language=zh-CN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=杨树华 |date=2010-12-10 |title=各地普遍建立公安民警英烈基金 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/c4136699/content.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China}}</ref>
* China Police Sports Association<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-10 |title=中国公安体育协会 |url=https://www.cesa.org.cn/Htmlfolder/hydw/Content_410.shtml |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=China Enterprise Sports Association 中国企业体育协会 |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114173103/https://www.cesa.org.cn/Htmlfolder/hydw/Content_410.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Regional bodies ===
Each [[Administrative divisions of China|provincial-level]] unit has a [[Public security bureau (China)|Public Security Department]] (公安厅), or for direct-rule Municipalities a Public Security Bureau with provincial department rank, whose head is appointed by the local People's Government and approved by the MPS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-29 |title=公安机关简介、特征、性质、机构设置 |url=https://www.fangcheng.gov.cn/2023/08-29/631416.html |website=Fangcheng County government}}</ref> 
*[[Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau|Beijing PSB]]
*{{Ill|Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau|lt=Tianjin PSB|zh|天津市公安局}}
*Hebei PSD
*Shanxi PSD
*Inner Mongolia PSD
*Liaoning PSD
*Jilin PSD<ref>{{Cite web |title=吉林省互联网+公安厅综合服务平台 |url=https://gafw.jl.gov.cn/#/index_new?goto=%2Fconsult%2Fconsult-form |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=吉林省公安厅 Jilin Province Public Safety Department |archive-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113021652/https://gafw.jl.gov.cn/#/index_new?goto=%2Fconsult%2Fconsult-form }}</ref>
*Heilongjiang PSD
*[[Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau|Shanghai PSB]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanghai Public Security Bureau |url=https://gaj.sh.gov.cn/shga/englishweb/toIndex |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Shanghai PSB (English) |archive-date=March 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313231540/https://gaj.sh.gov.cn/shga/englishweb/toIndex }}</ref>
*Jiangsu PSD
*Zhejiang PSD
*Anhui PSD
*Fujian PSD
*Jiangxi PSD
*Shandong PSD
*Henan PSD
*Hubei PSD
*Hunan PSD
*[[Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department|Guangdong PSD]]
*Guangxi PSD
*Hainan PSD
*Chongqing PSB
*Sichuan PSD
*Guizhou PSD
*Yunnan PSD
*Tibet PSD
*Shaanxi PSD
*Gansu PSD
*Qinghai PSD
*Ningxia PSD
*Xinjiang PSD
*Xinjiang Production Corps PSB

=== Internal publications ===
{{See also|Internal media of the Chinese Communist Party}}

The journal ''Public Security Construction'' （{{Lang-zh|s=公安建设|p=Gōng'ān jiànshè}}) was a classified serial publication for internal purposes.<ref name=":3" /> During the disastrous [[Great Leap Forward]] between 1958 and 1961, the circular ''Public Security Work Bulletin'' ({{Lang-zh|s=公安工作简报|p=Gōng'ān gōngzuò jiǎnbào}}) was a [[Classified information|top-secret]] serial which often described China's serious food shortages, social unrest and famine directly contradicting [[Mao Zedong]]'s claims of "bountiful economic fruit".<ref>{{cite book |url= |title=A Critical Introduction to Mao |date=2010-08-23 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781139789042 |editor1-last=Cheek |editor1-first=Timothy |editor-link=Timothy Cheek |page=116 |language=en |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511781476}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

MPS also produces another journal, ''People's Public Security News'' ({{Lang-zh|s=人民公安报|p=Rénmín gōng'ān Bào}}), and a website, China Police Daily ({{Lang-zh|s=中国警察网|p=Zhōngguó Jǐngchá Wǎng}}), for both internal communication and external publicity.<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last=Schoenhals |first=Michael |url= |title=Spying for the People: Mao's Secret Agents, 1949–1967 |date=2013-02-18 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781139619714 |pages=31, 42, 105–106, 129 |language=en |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139084765 |oclc=1030095349 |author-link=Michael Schoenhals }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lim |first1=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cl6ADAAAQBAJ |title=Gender Politics and Mass Dictatorship: Global Perspectives |last2=Petrone |first2=K. |date=2010-12-14 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230283275 |page=238 |language=en |doi=10.1057/9780230283275 |access-date=July 10, 2020 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806015828/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cl6ADAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== United front organization ===
The MPS' First Bureau operates a [[United front (China)|united front]] organization called the '''China Association for Friendship'''.<ref name=":1" />

=== Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces ===
{{Excerpt|Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces|only=paragraph|paragraphs=1}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[People's Police (China)]]
** [[Ministry of State Security (China)]]
** [[Public security bureau (China)]]
* [[Public Security Police Force of Macau]]
* [[Hong Kong Police Force]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Library resources box}}{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.fas.org/irp/world/china/mps/index.html John Pike, Federation of American Scientists, Intelligence Resource Program, Ministry of Public Security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306160426/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/china/mps/index.html |date=March 6, 2005 }}
* Kam C. Wong, Chinese Policing: History and Reform (N.Y.: Peter Lang, 2009)
* Kam C. Wong, Police Reform in China: A Chinese Perspective (Taylor and Francis, 2011) (July 2011)
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
{{Clear}}
{{State Council of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Ministers of Public Security of the People's Republic of China}}
{{China national security}}
{{Police}}
{{Border guards}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry Of Public Security Of The People's Republic Of China}}
[[Category:Government ministries of China|Public Security]]
[[Category:Public safety ministries|China]]
[[Category:Internal affairs ministries|China]]
[[Category:Government ministries established in 1949]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Beijing]]
[[Category:Law enforcement agencies of China]]
[[Category:National Central Bureaus of Interpol]]
[[Category:Chinese intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Ministry of Public Security (China)| ]]