View source for Mino Province

{{short description|Former province of Japan}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|_noautocat              = 
| native_name            = 美濃国
| conventional_long_name = Mino Province
| common_name            = Mino Province
| subdivision            = [[Provinces of Japan|province of Japan]]
| nation                 = 
| status_text            = pre-Meiji period Japan
| government_type        = 
| capital                = [[Tarui, Gifu|Tarui]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|35|22|39|N|136|31|26|E|display=inline,title}}
| political_subdiv       = 
| today                  = Gifu Prefecture
| year_start             = 701
| year_end               = 1871
| event_start            = ''[[Ritsuryō]]'' system
| date_start             = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment-->
| event_end              = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
| date_end               = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment -->
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| image_flag             = 
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| symbol                 = 
| image_map              = Provinces of Japan-Mino.svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mino Province highlighted
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}}
[[File:The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States 23 Mino.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hiroshige]] ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' "Hida" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting a [[Yōrō Falls]]]]

{{nihongo|'''Mino Province'''|美濃国|Mino no Kuni|{{IPA|ja|mʲiꜜ.no (no kɯ.ɲi), mʲi.noꜜ-}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref>}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province of Japan]] in the area of Japan that is today southern [[Gifu Prefecture]].<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Mino''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia''}}.</ref> Mino was bordered by [[Ōmi Province| Ōmi]] to the west, [[Echizen Province|Echizen]] and [[Hida Province|Hida]] to the north, [[Shinano Province|Shinano]] to the east, and [[Ise Province|Ise]], [[Mikawa Province|Mikawa]], and [[Owari Province|Owari]] to the south. Its abbreviated form name was {{nihongo|'''Nōshū''' or '''Jōshū'''|濃州}}. Under the ''[[Engishiki]]'' classification system, Mino was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The [[kokufu|provincial capital]] and ''[[ichinomiya]]'' were located in what is now the town of [[Tarui, Gifu|Tarui]].

==Historical record==
"Mino" is an ancient place name, and appears in ''[[mokkan]]'' wooden tags from the ruins of [[Asuka-kyō]], [[Fujiwara-kyō]], and other ancient sites, but using the ''[[kanji]]'' "三野国". Per the ''[[Kujiki]]'', there were originally three separate countries in Mino, centered around what is now [[Ōgaki, Gifu|Ōgaki]], [[Ōno, Gifu|Ōno]], and [[Kakamigahara, Gifu|Kakamigahara]]. Each had its own ''[[Kuni no miyatsuko]]'', and together with Motosu (in eastern Gifu) and Mugetsu (in north-central Gifu), these five entities were joined under Yamato rule to form the province of Mino. The use of the ''kanji'' "美濃" is found in the ''[[Kojiki]]'' and became prevalent in the [[Nara period]]. Early Mino included much of [[Kiso District]] in Shinano and portions of northern Owari. The route of the ancient [[Tōsandō]] highway connecting the ancient capitals of Japan and the eastern provinces passed through Mino, and even in 713 AD, records indicate that the road was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers.<ref>[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). {{Google books||''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 64.|page=64}}</ref>

The ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' and ''[[Shoku Nihongi]]'' indicates that numerous immigrants from the [[Hata clan]] and from [[Silla]] settled in Mino in the [[Asuka period|Asuka]] and Nara periods.

During the [[Kamakura Period|Kamakura]] and [[Muromachi Period]], the [[Toki clan]] held the position of ''[[shugo]]'' of Mino Province. During the [[Sengoku period]], [[Saitō Dōsan]] usurped political power from the Toki, and later the province was conquered by [[Oda Nobunaga]]. The [[Battle of Sekigahara]] took place at the western edge of Mino, near the mountains between the [[Chūbu Region]] and the [[Kinki Region]]. With the establishment of the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]], several [[han system|feudal domains]] were established in Mino. At the time of the [[Meiji restoration]], Mino was divided into 18 districts, which in turn were divided into 131 subdistricts and 1561 villages. The total assessed ''[[kokudaka]]'' of the province was 654,872 ''koku''.

==Historical districts==
Mino Province consisted of twenty-one districts:

* [[Gifu Prefecture]]
** [[Anpachi District, Gifu|Anpachi District]] (安八郡) – absorbed parts of Taki District; but lost parts to Kaisai and Shimoishizu Districts to become [[Kaizu District, Gifu|Kaizu District]] (海津郡) on April 1, 1896
** [[Atsumi District, Gifu|Atsumi District]] (厚見郡) – merged with Kakami and parts of Katagata Districts to become [[Inaba District, Gifu|Inaba District]] (稲葉郡) on April 1, 1896
** [[Ena District, Gifu|Ena District]] (恵那郡) – dissolved
** [[Fuwa District, Gifu|Fuwa District]] (不破郡)
** [[Gujō District, Gifu|Gujō District]] (郡上郡) – dissolved
** [[Haguri District, Gifu|Haguri District]] (羽栗郡) – merged with Nakashima District to become [[Hashima District, Gifu|Hashima District]] (羽島郡) on April 1, 1896
** [[Ikeda District, Gifu|Ikeda District]] (池田郡) – merged with parts of Ōno (Mino) Districts to become [[Ibi District, Gifu|Ibi District]] (揖斐郡) on April 1, 1896
** [[Ishizu District, Mino|Ishizu District]] (石津郡)
*** [[Kamiishizu District, Gifu|Kamiishizu District]] (上石津郡) – merged with parts of Taki District to become [[Yōrō District, Gifu|Yōrō District]] (養老郡) on April 1, 1896
*** [[Shimoishizu District, Gifu|Shimoishizu District]] (下石津郡) – merged with Kaisai and parts of Anpachi Districts to become Kaizu District on April 1, 1896
** [[Kaisai District, Gifu|Kaisai District]] (海西郡) – merged with Shimoishizu and parts of Anpachi Districts to become Kaizu District on April 1, 1896
** [[Kakami District, Gifu|Kakami District]] (各務郡) – merged with Atsumi and parts of Katagata Districts to become Inaba District on April 1, 1896
** [[Kamo District, Gifu|Kamo District]] (加茂郡)
** [[Kani District, Gifu|Kani District]] (可児郡)
** [[Katagata District, Gifu|Katagata District]] (石津郡) – dissolved to split and merged into parts of Inaba, Motosu and Yamagata Districts on April 1, 1896
** [[Mugi District, Gifu|Mugi District]] (武儀郡) – dissolved
** [[Mushiroda District, Gifu|Mushiroda District]] (席田郡) – merged with former Motosu, parts of Katagata and parts of Ōno (Mino) Districts to become [[Motosu District, Gifu|Motosu District]] (本巣郡) on April 1, 1896
** [[Nakashima District, Gifu|Nakashima District]] (中島郡) – merged with Haguri District to become Hashima District on April 1, 1896
** [[Ōno (Mino) District, Gifu|Ōno District (Mino)]] (大野郡) – dissolved to split and merged into parts of Motosu and Ibi Districts on April 1, 1896
** [[Taki District, Gifu|Taki District]] (石津郡) – dissolved to split and merged into parts of Yōrō and Anpachi Districts on April 1, 1896
** [[Toki District, Gifu|Toki District]] (土岐郡) – dissolved
** [[Yamagata District, Gifu|Yamagata District]] (山県郡) – absorbed parts of Katagata District on April 1, 1896; now dissolved

==''Shugo''==
Below is an incomplete list of the ''[[shugo]]'' who controlled Mino Province and the years of their control:

===Kamakura shogunate===
* [[Ōuchi Koreyoshi]] (大内惟義), 1187&ndash;1211
* [[Ōuchi Korenobu]] (大内惟信), until 1221
* [[Utunomiya Yasutsuna]] (宇都宮泰綱), from 1252
* [[Hōjō clan]], from 1285
* [[Hōjō Tokimura]] (北条時村), 1296&ndash;1300
* [[Hōjō Masataka]] (北条政高), until 1333

===Muromachi shogunate===
* [[Toki Yorisada]] (土岐頼貞), 1336&ndash;1339<ref name="expo">[http://www.sengoku-expo.net/person/E/053.html "Toki clan" at Sengoku-expo.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040753/http://www.sengoku-expo.net/person/E/053.html |date=2007-09-27 }}; retrieved May 10, 2013.</ref>
* [[Toki Yoritō]] (土岐頼遠), 1339&ndash;1342
* [[Toki Yoriyasu]] (土岐頼康), 1342&ndash;1387
* [[Toki Yasuyuki]] (土岐康行), 1387&ndash;1389
* [[Toki Yoritada]] (土岐頼忠), 1390&ndash;1394
* [[Toki Yorimasu]] (土岐頼益), 1395&ndash;1414
* [[Toki Mochimasu]] (土岐持益), 1422&ndash;1465
* [[Toki Shigeyori]] (土岐成頼), 1468&ndash;1495
* [[Toki Masafusa]] (土岐政房), 1495&ndash;1519
* [[Toki Yorinari]] (土岐頼芸), 1519&ndash;1542<ref>Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA809 "Saitō Dōsan" at p. 809].</ref>

=== Edo period Domains ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Domains in Mino Province
! Name !! HQ !! ''Daimyō'' & ''kokudaka''
|-
! [[Ōgaki Domain]]
| [[Ōgaki Castle]]
|
*[[Ishikawa clan]]: 50,000; 1601–1616 (transfer to [[Hita Domain]])
*[[Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan]]: 20,000; 1616–1624 (transfer to [[Komoro Domain]])
*[[Okabe clan]]: 50,000; 1624–1633 (transfer to Tatsuno Domain])
*[[Matsudaira clan]]: 60,000; 1633–1635 (transfer to [[Kuwana Domain]])
*[[Toda clan]]: 100,000,1635–1871
|-
! ''Ōgaki Shinden Domain''
| Hatamura jin'ya
|
*[[Toda clan]]: 10,000; 1688–1871
|-
! [[Gujō Domain]]
| [[Gujō Hachiman Castle ]]
|
*[[Endo clan]]: 27,000→24,000; 1600–1692 (attainder)
*[[Inoue clan]]: 50,000; 1692–1697 (transfer to [[Kameyama Domain]])
*[[Kanemori clan]]: 38,000; 1697–1758 (attainder due to mismanagement)
*[[Aoyama clan]]: 48,000; 1758–1871
|-
! [[Kanō Domain]]
| [[Kanō Castle ]]
|
*[[Okudaira clan]]: 100,000; 1601–1632 (attainder)
*[[Ōkubo clan]]: 50,000; 1632–1639 (transfer to [[Akashi Domain]])
*[[Toda-Matsudaira clan]]: 70,000; 1639–1711 (transfer to [[Yodo Domain]])
*[[Andō clan]]: 65,000→50,000; 1711–1756 (transfer to [[Iwakitaira Domain]])
*[[Nagai clan]]: 32,000; 1711–1871
|-
! [[Iwamura Domain]]
| [[Iwamura Castle]]
|
*[[Ogyū-Matsudaira clan]]: 20,000; 1601–1638 (transfer from [[Hamamatsu Domain]])
*[[Niwa clan]]: 20,000; 1638–1702 (transfer to [[Takayanagi Domain]])
*Ogyū-Matsudaira clan: 20,000→30,000; 1702–1871
|-
! [[Naegi Domain]]
| [[Naegi Castle]]
|
*[[Tōyama clan]]: 10,000; 1600–1871
|-
! [[Takatomi Domain]]
| Takatomi jin'ya
|
*[[Honjo clan]]: 10,000; 1709–1871
|-
! [[Imao Domain]]
| [[Imao Castle]]<br>[[Imao jin'ya]]
|
*[[Ichihashi clan]]: 20,000; 1600–1610 (transfer to [[Yabase Domain]]
*Takenokoshi clan: 10,000→20,000→30,000→20,000; 1611–1871 (as part of Owari Domain)
|-
! [[Takasu Domain]]
| Takasu Castle<br>Takasu jin'ya
|
* Tokunaga clan: 50,000; 1600–1628 (attainder)
*[[Ogasawara clan]]: 22,000;　1640–1691 (transfer to Katsuyama Domain)
*[[Owari Tokugawa clan]]: 30,000; 1700–1870 (as part of [[Owari Domain]])
|-
! [[Kurono Domain]]
| [[Kurono Castle]]
|
*[[Kato calan]]: 40,000; 1600–1610 (transfer to [[Yonago Domain]])
|-
! [[Ibi Domain]]
| [[Ibi Castle]]
|
*Nishio clan: 30,000→25,500; 1600–1623 (attainder)
|-
! [[Kaneyama Domain]]
|
|
*[[Matsudaira clan]]: 25,000; 1600–1601 (transfer to [[Hamamatsu Domain]])
|-
! [[Kozuchi Domain]]
| [[Ogurayama Castle]]
|
*[[Kanemori clan]]: 18,000→20,000; 1600–1611 (attainder)
|-
! [[Jushichijo Domain]]
| [[Jushichijo Castle]]
|
*[[Inaba clan]]: 10,000→20,000, 1607–1627 (transfer to Moka Domain)
|-
! [[Aono Domain]]
| Aono jin'ya
|
*[[Inaba clan]]: 12,000; 1681–1684 (attainder)
|-
! [[Seki Domain]]
| Seki jin'ya
|
*[[Oshima clan]]: 18,000 1600–1604 (reduced to ''[[hatamoto]]'' holding)
|-
! [[Kiyomizu Domain]]
| Kiyomisu Castle
|
*[[Inaba clan]]: 12,000; 1600–1607 (attainder)
|-
! [[Iwataki Domain]]
| Iwataki Jin'ya
|
*[[Honjo clan]]: 1,000: 1705–1709 (reelected to Takatomi Domai )
|-
! [[Tokuno Domain]]
| Tokuno jin'ya
|
*Hiraoka clan: 10,000; 1604–1653 (attainder)
|-
! [[Nomura Domain]]
|
|
*[[Oda clan]]: 10,000; 1600–1631 (attainder)
|-
! [[Mino-Hasegawa Domain]]
|
|
*[[Hasegawa clan]]: 10,000 1617–1635 (divided into ''hatamoto'' holdings)
|-
! [[Mino-Wakisaka Domain]]
|
|
*[[Wakisaka clan]]: 10,000; 1615–1632 (attainder)
|}

==Geography==
Mino and Owari provinces were separated by the [[Sakai River (Gifu)|Sakai River]], which means "border river."

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].

==Other websites==
{{Commons category-inline|Mino Province}}
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]

{{Japan Old Province}}

[[Category:Mino Province| ]]
[[Category:History of Gifu Prefecture]]