View source for Miskolc

{{Short description|City in Hungary}}
{{Lead too short|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Miskolc
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[Town with county rights|City with county rights]]
| official_name      = {{lang|hu|Miskolc Megyei Jogú Város}}
| image_skyline      = Miskolc Montage.jpg
| image_caption      = Clockwise from the top left corner:<br />[[Miskolc-Avas TV Tower|Avas TV Tower]], [[Castle of Diósgyőr]], Széchenyi Street, [[National Theatre of Miskolc]], [[Cave Bath]], [[Ottó Herman Museum]], [[University of Miskolc]], Palace Hotel of Lillafüred
| image_flag         = Flag of Miskolc.svg
| image_shield       = HUN Miskolc Címer.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Miskolc Logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Logo]]
| nicknames           = ''Steel City''<br />''City of the Open Gates''
| motto              = 
| pushpin_map        = Hungary Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén#Hungary
| pushpin_mapsize    = 280
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|06|15|N|20|47|30|E|region:HU_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{HUN}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[List of regions of Hungary|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Northern Hungary]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Counties of Hungary|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County|Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Districts of Hungary|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Miskolc District|Miskolc]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[József Tóth-Szántai]] ([[Fidesz-KDNP]])
| leader_title1      = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = [[András Hollósy]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.miskolc.hu/en/city-government/local-government/city-government-government-officials | title=City Government & Government Officials }}</ref>)
| leader_title2      = [[Town Notary]]
| leader_name2       = Dávid Ignácz
| established_title2 = Established
| established_date2  = 9th century AD
| established_title3 = [[Market town#Hungary|Market town]]
| established_date3  = 1365
| area_total_km2     = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_blank1_title  = [[Town with county rights|City with county rights]]
| area_blank1_km2    = 236.67
| elevation_m        = 131
| elevation_max_m    = 945
| elevation_min_m    = 110
| population_total   = 143502
| population_as_of   = 2024
| population_rank    = [[List of cities and towns in Hungary|4th in Hungary]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web|title=Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary|url=https://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.main?p_lang=EN|publisher=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office|KSH]]}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 606
| population_demonym = miskolci
| population_urban   = 294,144 ([[List of urban areas in Hungary|3rd]])<ref>[http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en Eurostat, 2015]</ref>
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Hungary|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 3500 to 3549
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Hungary|Area code]]
| area_code          = (+36) 46
| website            = {{URL|https://en.miskolc.hu/}}
| blank_name         = Motorways
| blank_info         = [[M30 motorway (Hungary)|M30 Motorway]]
| blank2_name        = Distance from Budapest
| blank2_info        = {{convert|182|km|abbr=on}} East
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[NUTS statistical regions of Hungary|NUTS 3 code]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = HU311
| blank3_name_sec2   = [[List of members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2018–22)|MP]]
| blank3_info_sec2   = [[Katalin Csöbör]] ([[Fidesz]]) <br />[[György Hubay]] ([[Fidesz]])
}}

'''Miskolc''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|m|iː|ʃ|k|ɒ|l|t|s}} {{respell|MEESH|kolts}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Miskolc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184053/https://www.lexico.com/definition/miskolc |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Miskolc |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|m|ɪ|ʃ|k|oʊ|l|t|s}} {{respell|MISH|kohlts}};<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Miskolc|access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|hu|ˈmiʃkolt͡s|lang|hu-Miskolc.ogg}}; [[Czech language|Czech]] and {{langx|sk|Miškovec}}; {{langx|de|Mischkolz}}; {{langx|yi-Latn|Mishkoltz}}; {{langx|ro|Mișcolț}}) is a city in northeastern [[Hungary]], known for its [[heavy industry]]. With a population of 143,502 as of 2024, Miskolc is the [[List of cities and towns in Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary|fourth largest city]] in Hungary, behind [[Budapest]], [[Debrecen]], and [[Szeged]].<ref name="population" /> It is also the county capital of [[Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén]] and the [[Regions of Hungary|regional]] centre of [[Northern Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegye hivatalos honlapja |url=https://baz.hu/error.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=baz.hu}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name derives from ''Miško'', [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] form of [[Michael (given name)|Michael]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Tihányiová |last=Monika |title=Niekoľko poznámok k šľachtickému rodu Miškovcov |journal=Verbum Historiae |publisher=Univerzita Komenského |page=20 |year=2013 |issue=2| language=sk| issn=1339-4053 |url=https://www.fedu.uniba.sk/fileadmin/pdf/Sucasti/Katedry/KH/Verbum_Historiae/Verbum_Historiae_2-2013.pdf}}</ref><ref name="varsik">{{cite book |last=Varsik |first=Branislav |title=Osídlenie košickej kotliny III|location=Bratislava|page=415|publisher=Slovenská akadémia vied |year=1977 |language=sk}}</ref>  ''Miškovec'' → ''Miskolc''  with the same development as ''Lipovec'' → ''Lipólc'', ''Lipóc''. The name is associated with the [[Miskolc (genus)|Miskolc clan]] (also Miskóc or Myscouch, [[Slovak language|Slovak]] Miškovec, plural Miškovci) named after the settlement or vice versa. Earliest mentions are ''que nunc vocatur Miscoucy'' (around 1200), ''de Myschouch'' (1225), ''Ponyt de genere Myscouch'' (1230), ''in Miscovcy'' (1245).<ref name="varsik"/>

== Geography ==
[[File:Miskolc city hall square.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Miskolc City Hall Square]]
The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east of the [[Bükk]] mountains, in the valley of the river [[Sajó]] and the streams [[Hejő]] and [[Szinva]]. According to the [[2001 Census of Hungary|2001 Census]] the city has a total area of {{convert|236.68|km²|abbr=on}}. The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about {{convert|800|m|abbr=on}}.

The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of {{convert|110|-|120|m|abbr=on}}. The area belongs to the [[Great Alföld|Great Plain]] region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the [[Avas]] hill and [[Diósgyőr]] lies the hilly area of the ''Lower Bükk'' ({{convert|250|–|300|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}) consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the [[tertiary period]], and volcanic rocks from the [[Miocene]].

The ''Central Bükk'', a gently sloping mountainous area with an altitude between {{convert|400|and|600|m|abbr=on}}, is situated between Diósgyőr and [[Lillafüred]]; the area is made up of [[limestone]], [[slate]], [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] and other rocks from the [[Triassic]] period. The surface was formed mostly by karstic erosions.

The highest area, the {{convert|600|-|900|m|abbr=on}} high ''Higher Bükk''  bore ''Bükk Highlands'' begin at Lillafüred. This mostly consists of sea sediments (limestone, slate, dolomite) from the [[Paleozoic]] and [[Mesozoic]], and volcanic rocks like [[diabase]] and [[Porphyry (geology)|porphyry]]. Several caves can be found in the area. The city is also known for the lowest temperature ever recorded in Hungary at{{convert|-35|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tempextremitiesinhungary">{{cite web| url = http://owww.met.hu/eghajlat/Magyarorszag/rekordok/homerseklet/| title = Eghajlat PAGE| access-date = 2013-05-11| publisher = Hungarian Meteorological Service |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130125131633/http://owww.met.hu/eghajlat/Magyarorszag/rekordok/homerseklet/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2013-01-25}}</ref>

===Climate===
Summers are fresh but sometimes warm and humid in Miskolc. Daytime temperatures of {{convert|20|-|30|C|F|0}}  or higher are commonplace. Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Miskolc receives about 120 centimetres of snowfall annually. Days below freezing and nights below {{convert|-20|°C|0}} both occur in the winter.
{{Weather box
|location = Miskolc, 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1961-2020
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high C = 16.1
|Feb record high C = 18.9
|Mar record high C = 25.8
|Apr record high C = 29.9
|May record high C = 33.3
|Jun record high C = 36.4
|Jul record high C = 39.3
|Aug record high C = 38.1
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 28.1
|Nov record high C = 22.2
|Dec record high C = 16.6
|year record high C = 39.3
|Jan high C = 2.0
|Feb high C = 4.8
|Mar high C = 11.0
|Apr high C = 17.7
|May high C = 22.5
|Jun high C = 26.1
|Jul high C = 28.1
|Aug high C = 28.0
|Sep high C = 22.3
|Oct high C = 15.7
|Nov high C = 8.7
|Dec high C = 2.6
|year high C = 15.8
|Jan mean C = -1.3
|Feb mean C = 0.6
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Apr mean C = 11.5
|May mean C = 16.2
|Jun mean C = 19.9
|Jul mean C = 21.5
|Aug mean C = 21.2
|Sep mean C = 16.1
|Oct mean C = 10.4
|Nov mean C = 5.0
|Dec mean C = -0.1
|year mean C = 10.6
|Jan low C = -3.9
|Feb low C = -2.6
|Mar low C = 1.1
|Apr low C = 6.0
|May low C = 10.6
|Jun low C = 14.4
|Jul low C = 16.0
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 11.2
|Oct low C = 6.2
|Nov low C = 2.1
|Dec low C = -2.6
|year low C = 6.2
|Jan record low C = -32.6
|Feb record low C = -35.0
|Mar record low C = -22.0
|Apr record low C = -9.7
|May record low C = -2.8
|Jun record low C = -0.9
|Jul record low C = 3.9
|Aug record low C = 3.1
|Sep record low C = -3.9
|Oct record low C = -12.8
|Nov record low C = -22.4
|Dec record low C = -27.0
|year record low C = -35.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 28.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 35.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 31.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 47.4
|May precipitation mm = 67.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 91.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 53.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 56.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 44.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 39.0
|year precipitation mm = 643.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.6
|Feb precipitation days = 5.7
|Mar precipitation days = 5.1
|Apr precipitation days = 6.9
|May precipitation days = 9.4
|Jun precipitation days = 9.0
|Jul precipitation days = 9.3
|Aug precipitation days = 6.7
|Sep precipitation days = 6.3
|Oct precipitation days = 6.6
|Nov precipitation days = 6.7
|Dec precipitation days = 6.8
|year precipitation days = 84.1
|Jan humidity = 81.3
|Feb humidity = 75.1
|Mar humidity = 63.4
|Apr humidity = 59.8
|May humidity = 63.5
|Jun humidity = 65.2
|Jul humidity = 64.6
|Aug humidity = 64.5
|Sep humidity = 70.5
|Oct humidity = 77.3
|Nov humidity = 83.2
|Dec humidity = 84.5
|year humidity = 71.1
| Jan dew point C =-5.3
| Feb dew point C =-3.1
| Mar dew point C =-0.1
| Apr dew point C =4.1
| May dew point C =9.4
| Jun dew point C =12.5
| Jul dew point C =13.7
| Aug dew point C =13.5
| Sep dew point C =10.5
| Oct dew point C =5.8
| Nov dew point C =1.4
| Dec dew point C =-2.9
|Jan sun = 40.8
|Feb sun = 69.5
|Mar sun = 128.4
|Apr sun = 177.2
|May sun = 224.0
|Jun sun = 224.2
|Jul sun = 254.5
|Aug sun = 236.4
|Sep sun = 180.8
|Oct sun = 141.6
|Nov sun = 53.2
|Dec sun = 36.0
|year sun = 
|source 1 = NOAA (sun and dew point for 1961-1990)<ref name=NOAA9120r>{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Hungary/CSV/MiskolcDiosgyor_12772.csv
|title = Miskolc Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = September 21, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230921100231/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Hungary/CSV/MiskolcDiosgyor_12772.csv
|archive-date = 2023-09-21}}</ref><ref name=Olddata>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/HU/12772.TXT
|title = Miskolc Climate Normals for 1961-1990
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = 15 March 2024}}</ref>
}}

== History ==
[[File:Miskolc old picture.jpg|250px|thumb|Historical picture of the city. View from the [[Avas]] hill with the [[Gothic Protestant Church of Avas|Gothic church]] in the foreground. The church with two towers is the [[Minorite Church (Miskolc)|Minorite Church]] on today's [[Downtown (Miskolc)#Heroes' Square|Heroes' Square]].]]

The area has been inhabited since ancient times – archaeological findings date back to the [[Paleolithic]], proving human presence for over 70,000&nbsp;years {{Citation needed|reason=Need specific archaeological evidence to 'prove' the date of human presence.|date=January 2018}}. Its first known dwellers were the [[Cotini]], one of the [[Celts|Celtic tribes]]. The area has been occupied by Hungarians since the "Conquest" in the late 9th&nbsp;century. It was first mentioned by this name around 1210 AD. The Miskóc clan lost their power when King [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]] centralized his power by curbing the power of the oligarchs.

Miskolc was elevated to the rank of [[oppidum]] (market town) in 1365 by King [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]]. He also had the [[Castle of Diósgyőr|castle]] of the nearby town [[Diósgyőr]] (now a district of Miskolc) transformed into a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[fortress]]. The city developed in a dynamic way, but during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] occupation of most of Hungary the development of Miskolc was brought to a standstill. The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] under [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] took Miskolc in 1544 and the city prospered further until 1687. It was also ruled by Ottomans after [[Battle of Mezőkeresztes]] in 1596 as part of [[Eyalet of Egir]] until 1687. It was during these years that Miskolc became an important centre of wine-growing. By the end of the 17th&nbsp;century the population of the city was as large as that of [[Košice|Kassa/Košice]], and 13&nbsp;guilds had been founded.

During the war of independence against [[Habsburg]] rule in the early 18th century, Prince [[Francis II Rákóczi]], the leader of the Hungarians put his headquarters in Miskolc. The imperial forces sacked and burnt the city in 1707. Four years later half of the population fell victim of a [[cholera]] epidemic. Miskolc recovered quickly, and another age of prosperity began again. In 1724, Miskolc was chosen to be the city where the county hall of [[Borsod]] county would be built. Many other significant buildings were built in the 18th and 19th&nbsp;centuries, including the [[city hall]], schools such as [[Lévay József Református Gimnázium és Diákotthon]], [[Church (building)|churches]], the [[Synagogue of Miskolc|synagogue]], and the [[National Theatre of Miskolc|theatre]]. The theatre is commonly regarded as the first stone-built theatre of Hungary, although the first one was actually built in Kolozsvár (then a part of Hungary, now [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[Romania]]). According to the first nationally held census (1786) the city had a population of 14,719, and 2,414&nbsp;houses.
[[File:Miskolc Erzsébet Spa.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Elizabeth Square]]

These years brought prosperity, but the cholera epidemic of 1873 and the [[Flood in Miskolc, 1878|flood of 1878]] took many lives. Several buildings were destroyed by the flood, but bigger and grander buildings were built in their places. [[World War I]] did not affect the city directly, but many people died, either from warfare or from the cholera epidemic. It was occupied by [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] troops between 1918 and 1919 after the [[First World War]].

After the [[Treaty of Trianon]], Hungary lost [[Košice|Kassa]] (today Košice, Slovakia) and Miskolc became the sole regional center of northern Hungary. This was one of the reasons for the enormous growth of the city during the 1930s and 1940s.

Early in World War II Hungary became an ally of Nazi Germany. Unhappy with the Hungarian government, German troops occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 and put the anti-semitic [[Arrow Cross Party]] in charge of the government. Jews in Miskolc and elsewhere were ordered to wear yellow stars on their clothing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/miskolc/holocaust.html|title=Holocaust|last=Kenvin|first=Helene|website=kehilalinks.jewishgen.org|access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref> Under the supervision of [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]-''[[Obersturmbannführer]]'' [[Adolf Eichmann]]'','' "deportations" from Miskolc began on June 11 or 12th, 1944. Over 14,000 Jewish adults and children were sent by cattle car to Auschwitz, where most were gassed on arrival. After the war Jews who survived the holocaust returned to Miskolc hoping to reclaim their land and possessions.  Over 130 were rounded up by members of the local Arrow Cross Party and summarily murdered {{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}. The Jewish cemetery on a hill overlooking Miskolc<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/hungary/miskolc.html|title=MISKOLC: BAZ {{!}} Hungary – International Jewish Cemetery Project|website=www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org|access-date=2016-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003191135/http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/hungary/miskolc.html|archive-date=2018-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>  has a memorial for them.  It includes the 10 commandments, carved in stone, all written in Hebrew except ''Thou shall not kill,'' which is written in Hungarian.

The preparation for [[World War II]] established Miskolc as the national centre of heavy industry, a position the city maintained until the 1990s. Although Miskolc suffered a lot during the last year of the war, it recovered quickly, and by absorbing the surrounding villages, it became the second-largest city of Hungary with more than 200,000 inhabitants.

On July 30 and August 1, 1946, the [[Miskolc pogrom]] led to death of one accused [[Jewish]] [[black market]]eer, the wounding of another, and subsequently the death of a Jewish policeman. Economic hardship and [[anti-Semitism]] motivated the riots.

In 1949, the [[University of Miskolc]] was founded (as a successor of the ''Academy of Mining'', formerly in Selmecbánya, which is now [[Banská Štiavnica]], Slovakia).
[[File:BorsodCountyHall-2.jpg|thumb|180px|County hall of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén on City Hall square]]

During its long history Miskolc survived fires, floods, plagues and foreign invasions, but maintained its position as the centre of northeastern Hungary. The 1990s brought a crisis in the iron industry with a decline in the population.

Miskolc is now trying to become known as a cultural – instead of merely an industrial – city. Among the various cultural events, one of the most important festivities is the [[Miskolc Opera Festival|International Opera Festival]], held every summer.

Tourist destinations in Miskolc include [[Miskolctapolca|Tapolca]], [[Lillafüred]] and Felsőhámor. Tapolca has a park with a boating pond and the unique [[Cave Bath]]. Lillafüred and Felsőhámor are pretty villages in a valley surrounded by mountains and forests; their sights include the Hotel Palace on the shore of the Lake Hámori, the Szinva waterfall (the highest waterfall of the country), the Anna Cave and the István Cave.

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|1870 |31061|1880|34086|1890|42970|1900|61767|1910|76804|1920|85761|1930|94539|1941|115397|1949|109841|1960|144741
|1970|181398|1980|208103|1990|196442|2001|184125|2011|167754|2022|147533|source=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office|KSH]]<ref>{{cite web|title=National regional data|url=https://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/detailed_tables?|publisher=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office|KSH]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population data by settlement|url=https://nepszamlalas2022.ksh.hu/en/database/#/table/WBS003|publisher=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office|KSH]]}}</ref>}}
The population (around 1910) is multidenominational and multiethnical, and the differences in the level of education mirrors the stratification of society, following these facts.  http://mek.oszk.hu/16900/16992

=== Religion ===

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Miskolc (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nepszamlalas2022.ksh.hu/adatbazis/#/table/WBS003/N4IgFgpghgJiBcBtEAVAogGQPoGUBaWAggCKEogC6ANCAM4CWMECy6ASgKrYDiaA8gFZKNWhADGAF3oB7AHYtUASQCyaLAAU0bRX2LCQAM3oAbCRABOtBKADW9WXHghlUAA4gaEWRPP0IVpFYVNU1tXQ9be0cQHAgJDxAANyhjAFd_BQAmAAZMzMoAX2pWLS4sXkEIkDsHBBi4hOS0jKQQAEYBNoBmbMLi1ExcAhIyKpro2PiaJvSA5DY1AGEEhaw2ZZpV7g2QVcXCFbUMDkOsPh29vU21AClT86vdtQA5PnJrrGeDiiKfgqA=== |access-date=May 16, 2024 |title=Népszámlálási adatbázis – Központi Statisztikai Hivatal }}</ref>
| label1 = [[Roman Catholicism]] 
| value1 = 23.4
| color1 = Purple
| label2 = [[Calvinism]]
| value2 = 14.3
| color2 = Blue
| label3 = [[Greek Catholicism]]
| value3 = 4
| color3 = Pink
| label4 = [[Evangelical Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.8
| color4 = Orange
| label5 = Other
| value5 = 1.7
| color5 = Green
| label6 = Undeclared
| value6 = 43.6
| color6 = White
| label7 = [[Not religious|Irreligion]]
| value7 = 12.2
| color7 = Grey
}}

Dominant religion in Miskolc is [[Roman Catholicism]] followed by [[Calvinism]] and [[Greek Catholicism]].

== Economy ==
[[File:Erdészeti palota. - Miskolc, Deák tér 1.jpg|150px|left|thumb|Forestry Office on Deák square]]
[[File:AvasTVTower.jpg|150px|thumb|The TV tower on Avas became the symbol of the city]]
[[File:Kossuth statue, Miskolc.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Erzsébet]] Square]]
[[File:UnivMiskolc Main.jpg|thumb|150px|Main entrance of the University of Miskolc]]
Miskolc is generally thought of as an industrial city, and the largest boost to its economy was indeed provided by the industrialization during the Socialist era; in fact industry (including metallurgy) has a long history in the city.

Miskolc was already an important market town in the Middle Ages, mostly due to its proximity to the main trade routes of the region. In regards of the economy, real development started only after the Ottoman occupation. In the 18th&nbsp;century, the town already had a lumber mill, a paper manufacture, a brewery, a gunpowder factory and fifteen mills on the Szinva stream. The [[glassblowing|glass works]] manufactures and [[iron furnaces]] appeared in the late 18th and early 19th&nbsp;centuries. The first iron furnace, built by [[Henrik Fazola]] around 1770, did not survive, but the second one, built in 1813, can still be visited. Several new settlements were formed in the Bükk mountains to provide dwellings for the workers of glass works manufactures and furnaces. Many of them – including Alsóhámor, Felsőhámor, Ómassa and [[Bükkszentlászló]] – are now parts of Miskolc.

Development quickened from the second half of the 19th&nbsp;century, partly because of the political situation (after the [[Ausgleich]]) and partly because of the newly constructed railway line. A large furnace (second largest in the country) was built in Diósgyőr, and several other factories were built. The mining industry became more and more important, too. Within forty years the population doubled. The industrialization led to the forming of ''Greater Miskolc'' with the unification of Miskolc and Diósgyőr (1945) and several nearby towns and villages (between 1950 and 1981). The unification was only the first step in Miskolc being developed into an industrial centre. Development reached its highest point in the 1980s, when the metal factory had more than 18,000 workers and production was over one million tons per year. The population hit all-time record (over 200,000 inhabitants), two-thirds of the working people worked in heavy industry.

The economic recession after the end of the Socialist era hit the industrial cities of Northern Hungary the hardest. The [[unemployment]] rate rose until it became one of the highest in the country, the population of Miskolc dramatically decreased (not only because of unemployment though, but also due to [[suburbanization]] which became prevalent nationwide). The economic situation of the city went through a change, smaller enterprises appeared in place of the large state-owned companies.

By the early 2000s the decade of changes was over, and the city went through the recession successfully. International companies and [[supermarket]]s appeared in the area. The local government is trying to strengthen the city's role in culture and tourism. By the end of 2004, the [[highway]] M3 had reached the city.

== Sports ==
The most popular sport in Miskolc is [[association football|football]]. The leading club of the city is [[Diósgyőri VTK]]<ref>[http://www.dvtk.eu Diósgyőri VTK website]</ref> (short name: DVTK). They have won the [[Hungarian Cup]] several times and represented Hungary many times in Europe. The capacity of the stadium, [[DVTK Stadion]], is 14 655 and the stadium has under-soil heating and fully covered stands.

The other team, [[Miskolci VSC]], plays in the county division. Miskolc has got other former first division representatives, namely [[Miskolci AK|Miskolci Attila]] (seven seasons at the highest level), and [[Perecesi TK]] (one).

=== Football teams ===
*[[Diósgyőri VTK]]
*[[Miskolci VSC]]
*[[Miskolci Honvéd SE]]
*[[Miskolci AK]]
*[[Perecesi TK]]

Miskolc's most successful women's basketball team, DKSK Miskolc MISI, has won the National Cup twice.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

The [[DVTK Jegesmedvék]] ice hockey team plays in the Slovak-based [[Tipsport liga (hockey)|Tipsport Liga]]. The team's home rink, [[Miskolc Ice Hall]], is in the [[People's Garden]] downtown. It has 1 304 seats, a total capacity of 2 200, and opened in 2006.

The women's volleyball team of [[MVSC (volleyball)|MVSC]] also plays at the highest Hungarian level.

Former motorcycle speedway team [[Speedway Miskolc]] (8 times champions of Hungary) joined the [[Team Speedway Polish Championship]] from 2006 to 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl/druzynowemp.php |title=Historical results 1948-2013 |website=Speedway History |access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> They won the [[2007 European Speedway Club Champions' Cup]] with world champion [[Jason Crump]]. They were based at the [[Borsod Volán Stadion]].

== City parts of Miskolc ==

=== Avas ===
[[File:Avasi Belltower.jpg|thumb|180px|Belfry of the [[Gothic Protestant Church of Avas|Gothic church]]]]
[[File:Diosgyor castle and king louis.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Castle of Diósgyőr|Diósgyőr Castle]] ruins]]
[[File:Deszkatemplom Miskolc.jpg|thumb|180px|Wooden Church]]
The [[Avas]] is a hill ({{convert|234|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the heart of Miskolc. On the hilltop stands the Avas lookout tower, the symbol of the city. On the northern part of the hill, close to downtown Erzsébet Square, is the [[Gothic Protestant Church of Avas]], one of the two oldest buildings of Miskolc (the other is the [[Castle of Diósgyőr]].) The limestone caves of Avas are used as wine cellars; the narrow, winding streets give a Mediterranean atmosphere to this part of Avas Hill. The southern part of Avas, also called Avas-South, is where the largest housing estate of the city stands, with 10-story Socialist-style concrete buildings providing homes for about one-third of the city's population.

=== Belváros (City centre) ===
Miskolc's city centre is not as rich in monuments as that of other cities; only the Main Street (Széchenyi St.), ''Városház tér'' (City Hall Square) and ''Erzsébet tér'' (Elizabeth Square) have preserved the 19th-century style of the town. There are not only historical buildings but also modern shopping malls and offices in the city centre.

=== Diósgyőr ===
[[Diósgyőr|The other town]] forming today's Greater Miskolc is mostly famous for its medieval [[Castle of Diósgyőr|castle]]. Miskolc's football team also got its name from Diósgyőr, since their stadium stands there. Historical Diósgyőr is connected to Historical Miskolc by a district called ''Új(diós)győr'' (Újgyőr); its main square is an important traffic hub. Also in Új(diós)győr ''(Diósgyőr-Vasgyár)'' stands the steel factory that made Miskolc the most important heavy industrial city of Hungary (and earned it the nickname "Steel City"). [[Diósgyőri Gimnázium]] also stands in this district.

=== Egyetemváros (University Town) ===
The [[University of Miskolc]] is among the newer ones. It was founded in the 1950s, so its buildings are not old, historical ones. [[University Town (Miskolc)|University Town]] is one of the newer parts of the city and can be found between Miskolc and the holiday resort Miskolctapolca. The university, the campus, and the sport facilities are surrounded by a large park.

=== Hejőcsaba and Görömböly ===
Two former villages that were annexed to the city in 1945 and 1950. [[Görömböly]] still looks like a small town of its own.

=== Lillafüred ===
Another holiday resort, [[Lillafüred|Miskolc-Lillafüred]], is a village surrounded by the Bükk mountains. Its most notable building is the Palace Hotel (Palotaszálló).

=== Martin-Kertváros ===
[[Martin-Kertváros]] (in Slovak: Martinská osada) is a suburban area.

=== Miskolctapolca ===
One of the most well-known holiday resorts in the country, Tapolca (officially [[Miskolctapolca]] or Miskolc-Tapolca to avoid confusion with the Transdanubian town of the same name) is the home of the unique [[Cave Bath of Miskolc|Cave Bath]], a natural cave with thermal water. Tapolca is quite far from the city centre and counts as one of the posh areas of Miskolc. It is a popular tourist attraction.

=== Alsóhámor, Bükkszentlászló, Felsőhámor, Ómassa, Szirma ===
These former villages were annexed to the city in 1950 ([[Bükkszentlászló]] in 1981) and are still separated villages, connected to the city only by its [[MVK Rt.|public transport system]].
[[File:festivalm4.jpg|200px|thumb|right|International Soldiers and [[Military Band]]s Festival.]]
[[File:Miskolc national theatre new.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The [[National Theatre of Miskolc|National Theatre]].]]
[[File:Former Three Roses Hotel, Miskolc city01.jpg|thumb|200px|City Centre.]]
[[File:Lillafured.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Lillafüred]], Palace Hotel.]]

== Main sights ==

=== Downtown ===
* Main street and City Hall Square with the atmosphere of Hungarian towns of the 19th&nbsp;century
* [[Gothic Protestant Church of Avas|Gothic Protestant Church of the Avas Hill]]
* [[Greek Orthodox Church and Museum of Miskolc|Greek Orthodox Church]] with the largest [[iconostasis]] in Central Europe
* [[House of Arts]] with two art cinemas
* [[Kós House]] (designed by [[Károly Kós]] in [[Art Nouveau]] and folk style, 1931)
* [[Mindszent Church]]
* [[Minorite Church (Miskolc)|Minorite Church]] and Heroes' Square
* [[Miskolc-Avas TV Tower]]
* [[National Theatre of Miskolc]]
* [[Csodamalom|Csodamalom Puppet Theatre]]
* [[Ottó Herman Museum]]
* [[Palace of Music (Miskolc)|Palace of Music]]
* [[Wooden Church (Miskolc)|Wooden Church]]

=== Diósgyőr ===
* [[Castle of Diósgyőr]] (built in the 13th century, had its prime during the reign of [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]]; medieval castle plays are held in every August)
* [[Lutheran church of Diósgyőr]]
* [[Protestant church of Diósgyőr]] (Baroque, built on the ruins of a mediaeval monastery)

=== Lillafüred ===
* [[Anna Cave]], [[István Cave]], [[Szeleta Cave]]
* Hotel Palace
* Lake Hámori
* Trout Farm
* Waterfalls (the highest one in Hungary)
There is a narrow-gauge railway that connects Lillafüred to Miskolc known as the Lillafüredi Állami Erdei Vasút ([[Lillafüred Forest Train|Lillafüred Forest State Railway]]). It winds through scenic forests, and takes between a half hour and 45 minutes for the train to go between the two major stops. The Miskolc stop is located in Diósgyőr.

=== Miskolctapolca ===
* [[Cave Bath|Cave Bath of Miskolctapolca]]

=== Near to the city ===
* [[Bánkút ski resort]]
* [[Bükk]] Mountains
* [[Miskolc Zoo]]
* Ruins of the [[monastery at Szentlélek]]
* Castell Earl Andrassy Tiszadob

=== Festivals ===
* [[Diósgyőr Castle Plays]] (every May and August)
* International Soldiers and Military Bands Festival (every two years in August)
* [[Meat-jelly Festival|Jelly festival]] (February)
* [[Miskolc Opera Festival]] (every summer)
* [[Miskolc International Film Festival]] (every September)

== Schools ==

* [[Avasi Grammar School]]
* [[Ferenc Földes Secondary School]]
* [[Kossuth Lajos Lutheran Grammar School and Pedagogical Secondary School]]
* [[Lévay József Református Gimnázium és Diákotthon]]
* [[Béla Bartók Music High School]]
* [[Zrínyi Ilona Grammar School]]
* [[Fáy András Economic High School]]
* [[Berzeviczy Gergely School of Trade and Catering]]

== Public transport ==
{{Main|MVK Rt.}}
[[File:TramInMiskolc2015 02.jpg|thumb|Skoda Tram in Miskolc]]
Public transport in Miskolc is provided by the company ''MVK Zrt.'', owned by the local government. There are 36&nbsp;[[bus]] lines and 2&nbsp;[[tram]] lines. The first tram entered service on July&nbsp;10, 1897 (making Miskolc the third city in Hungary to have a tram line), the first scheduled bus line started on June&nbsp;8, 1903 (first in the country as well.) Today the public transport of Miskolc is one of the best ones in Hungary. There are several taxi companies too.

The [[Lillafüred Forest Train]] connects Diósgyőr to Lillafüred. It is mainly a tourist attraction.
[[File:CNG articulated bus.jpg|thumb|MAN Lion's City CNG on Line 35 (Avas kilátó-Centrum) in Miskolc]]
The city has two railway stations ([[Tiszai Station|Tiszai]] and [[Gömöri Station|Gömöri]]) and a small [[Miskolc Airport|unpaved airport]], which is not open to the public, used mainly as a sports facility and has no role in public transport since 1963.

== Politics ==
The current mayor of Miskolc is [[Pál Veres]] (Independent).

The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the [[2019 Hungarian local elections|2019 local government elections]], is made up of 28 members (1 Mayor, 19 Individual constituencies MEPs and 8 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:<ref>{{cite web|title=Városi közgyűlés tagjai 2019-2024 - Miskolc (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye)|url=https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_onk2019?_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_formDate=32503680000000&p_p_id=onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpVlId=294&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpVltId=687&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpMegyeKod=05&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpTelepulesKod=202&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_settlement=miskol|agency=valasztas.hu|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="2" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="16" | Current Municipal Assembly
|-
| style="background-color: #BC3F4A  | &nbsp;
| Opposition coalition{{efn|name=opposition|Coalition of Függetlenek SZIVE-[[Hungarian Socialist Party|MSZP]]-[[Momentum Movement|Momentum]]-[[Dialogue for Hungary|Dialogue]]-[[Jobbik]]-[[Politics Can Be Different|LMP]]-[[Democratic Coalition (Hungary)|DK]]-[[Mindenki Magyarországa Movement|Mindenki Magyarországa]]-Velünk a Város.}}
| style="text-align: right" | '''16'''
|style="background-color: #BC3F4A |<span style="color:white;">'''M'''</span>
|style="background-color: #BC3F4A | &nbsp;
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|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}}  | &nbsp;
|[[Fidesz]]-[[Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)|KDNP]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''10'''
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | &nbsp;
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| style="background-color: #568203  | &nbsp;
| [[Our Homeland Movement]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''1'''
|style="background-color: #568203 | &nbsp;
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| style="background-color: #E0115F  | &nbsp;
| New Impetus for Miskolc
| style="text-align: right" | '''1'''
|style="background-color: #E0115F | &nbsp;
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|}

===List of mayors===
{{Main|List of mayors of Miskolc}}
List of City Mayors from 1990:

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Member
! colspan=2 | Party
! Term of office
|-
| [[Tamás Csoba]]
|rowspan=2; style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance of Free Democrats}}" | 
|rowspan=2 | [[Alliance of Free Democrats|SZDSZ]]
| 1990–1993
|-
| [[Ildikó T. Asztalos]]
| 1993–1994
|-
| [[Tamás Kobold]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)}};" |
| [[Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)|KDNP]]
| 1994–2002
|-
| [[Sándor Káli]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hungarian Socialist Party}}" | 
| [[Hungarian Socialist Party|MSZP]]
| 2002–2010
|-
| [[Ákos Kriza]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fidesz}}" |  
| [[Fidesz]]
| 2010–2019
|-
| [[Pál Veres]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| [[Independent (politics)|Independent]]{{efn|name=opposition}}
| 2019–2024
|-
| [[Tóth-Szántai József]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fidesz}}" |  
| [[Fidesz-KDNP]]
| 2024–
|}

== Notable individuals ==
[[File:Sculpture kossuth miskolc.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Lajos Kossuth]]]]

Including people born in Miskolc as well as in Diósgyőr and other city parts that were independent towns at the time of their birth.
* [[Bela Borsody Bevilaqua]] (1885–1962) Cultural historian
* [[Péter Biros]] (born 1976) water polo player
* [[Gizella Bodnár]], "Airplane Gizi" (1926-2019) thief
* [[Alan A. Brown]] (1928–2010) economist
* [[Gábor Dayka]] (1769–1796) poet
* [[Ferenc Demjén]] (born 1941) singer
* [[Sándor Ferenczi]] (1873–1933) psychoanalyst
* [[Dezső Földes]] (1880–1950) 2x Olympic champion saber fencer
* [[Endre Granat]] (born 1937) violinist
* [[Alexander Grossmann (journalist)|Alexander Grossmann]] (1909–2003) Swiss writer, journalist
* [[Károly Grósz]] (1930–1996) politician, president
* [[Dezső Gyarmati]] (1927–2013) water polo player
* [[Szabolcs Huszti]] (born 1983) football player
* [[Márk Jedlóczky]] (born 1999) racing driver
* [[István Jónyer]] (born 1950) table tennis player
* [[Máté Kamarás]] (born 1976) singer and actor
* [[Tamás Pál Kiss]] (born 1991), racing driver
* [[Julius Leopold Klein]] (1810–1876) German writer
* [[Róza Laborfalvi]] (1817–1886) actress
* [[Regina Margareten]] (1863–1959) businesswoman
* [[Dénes Pál]] (born 1991), singer
* [[László Palóczy]] (1783–1861) politician
* [[Emeric Pressburger]] (1902–1988) [[Academy Award]]–winning movie director/writer/producer
* [[Sándor Puhl]] (1955–2021) football referee
* [[Ladislau Raffinsky]] (1905–1981), Romanian football player
* [[Ede Reményi]] (1828–1898) violinist
* [[Attila Repka]] (born 1968) wrestler, Olympic champion
* [[Sándor Rónai]] (1892–1965) politician, president
* [[Anna Rudolf]] (born 1987) chess player, international master, evangelist{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} and reporter{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}, a.k.a. Miss Strategy
* [[Andrei Șaguna]] (1809–1873) Romanian political leader, Orthodox Metropolitan bishop of [[Transylvania]]
* [[Vera Schmidt]] (born 1982) singer-songwriter
* [[Júlia Sebestyén]] (born 1981) figure skater, European champion
* [[Lőrinc Szabó]] (1900–1957) poet
* [[Zsolt Szabó (racing driver)|Zsolt Szabó]] (born 1995) racing driver
* [[Norbert Tóth (racing driver)|Norbert Tóth]] (born 1998) racing driver
* [[Vilmos Vanczák]] (born 1983) footballer
* [[Bálint Vécsei]], (born 1993) footballer

=== Lived in Miskolc ===
* [[Ferenc Bessenyei]] ([[Hódmezővásárhely]], 1919 – [[Lajosmizse]], 2004) actor
* [[Béni Egressy]] ([[Kazincbarcika|Sajókazinc]], 1814 – Budapest, 1851) composer
* [[Ottó Herman]] ([[Breznóbánya]], 1835 – Miskolc, 1914) ornithologist, archaeologist, ethnographer
* [[Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav]] ([[Felsőkubin]], 1849 – [[Dolny Kubín]], 1921) Slovak poet
* [[Margit Kaffka]] ([[Nagykároly]], 1880 – Budapest, 1918) writer
* [[Teréz Karacs]] ([[Budapest]], 1808 – [[Békés]], 1892) pioneer in women's education
* [[Béla Kondor]] ([[Pestlőrinc]], 1931 – Budapest, 1972) graphic artist
* [[Leo Lánczy]] ([[Pest (city)|Pest]], 1852 – Budapest, 1921) deputy
* [[Ferenc Pulszky]] ([[Eperjes]], 1814 – Budapest, 1897) politician, archaeologist, writer
* [[Bertalan Szemere]] ([[Vatta]], 1818 – Budapest, 1869) politician
* [[Illés Trangus]] ([[Sabinov]], 1704 – Miskolc, 1761) physician

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Miskolc walking street1.jpg|Downtown
File:Tiszai trainstation miskolc front.jpg|Tiszai Railway Station
File:DarkGate Gallery 01.jpg|Dark Gate and Gallery of Miskolc
File:AlmassyMansion Miskolc 01.jpg|Almássy Mansion
File:Forestry Headquarters Miskolc.jpg|Forestry Headquarters
File:Miskolc foldes 2.jpg|[[Ferenc Földes Secondary School]]
File:OldPost03.jpg|Former Post Office
File:MusicPalaceMiskolc01.JPG|Palace of Music
File:Miskolc ReformedChurch 02.jpg|Reformed Church
File:Minorite Church Miskolc01.jpg|Minorite Church
File:Jesuit center miskolc.jpg|Avas
</gallery>

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}}
Miskolc is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Nemzetközi kapcsolatok|url=https://www.miskolc.hu/varoshaza/onkormanyzat/nemzetkozi-kapcsolatok|website=miskolc.hu|date=14 December 2017|publisher=Miskolc|language=hu|access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Asan]], South Korea
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Aschaffenburg]], Germany
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Burgas]], Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cleveland]], United States
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Katowice]], Poland
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kayseri]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Košice]], Slovakia
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Ostrava]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Tampere]], Finland
<!--Vologda - twinning ended-->
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yantai]], China
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{portal|Geography|Europe|European Union|Hungary}}
*[[Outline of Hungary]]
*[[Avasi Grammar School]]
*[[Miskolc metropolitan area]]

==References and notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Notes
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons and category|Miskolc}}
{{Wikivoyage|Miskolc}}
;Official sites of the city and city parts
* {{Official website|http://www.miskolc.hu/}} in Hungarian, English and German
* [https://www.hellomiskolc.hu Official website of Miskolc tourism] {{in lang|hu|en|de|pl|sk|ru}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190818152409/https://www.miskolcpass.com/ Official website of Miskolc tourist card] {{in lang|hu|en|de|pl|sk|ru}}

;Webcams and image galleries
* [http://www.szinvapark.com/portal/modules.php?name=webkam Webcam view of downtown area] (interactive cam)
* [http://webcam.miskolc.hu City Hall Square webcam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070116064631/http://panpic2.feratel.at/panpic2/index.jsp;jsessionid=tsggo6ukx1?&ID=7065 Webcam view of Hotel Palace, Lillafüred]
* [http://www.civertan.hu/legifoto/legifoto.php?page_level=399 Aerial photography: Miskolc]

;Education and culture
* [http://www.diosgyorivar.hu/ Official site of the Castle of Diósgyőr]  {{in lang|hu}}
* [http://www.operafesztival.hu Opera Festival]  {{in lang|hu|en|de}}
* [http://www.uni-miskolc.hu University of Miskolc]

;Other
* [http://www.mison.hu Miskolc Online] {{in lang|hu}}
* [http://www.budapestsun.com/full_story.asp?ArticleID=%7B47365C02718F462091CD554F78562914%7D&From=Style ''Getting Medieval''] (an article in the ''Budapest Sun)''
* [http://public-transport.net/bim/Miskolc.htm Trams in Miskolc]  {{in lang|en|de}}
* [http://en.funiq.hu/miskolc Miskolc at funiq.hu] {{in lang|en}}

{{Miskolc District}}
{{Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County}}
{{Regional capitals of Hungary}}
{{Principal cities of Hungary}}
{{Cities with county rights (Hungary)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Miskolc| ]]
[[Category:County seats in Hungary|Miskolc]]
[[Category:Cities with county rights of Hungary]]
[[Category:Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County]]
[[Category:Danube-Tisza Interfluve]]