View source for Mogilno

{{other places|Mogilno (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mogilno
| image_skyline = Klasztor Benedyktynów w Mogilnie.jpg
| image_caption = Monastery
| image_shield = POL Mogilno COA.svg
| image_flag = POL Mogilno flag.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavian-Pomeranian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mogilno County|Mogilno]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Mogilno|Mogilno]]
| established_title = Town rights
| established_date = 1398
| leader_party = [[Polish People's Party|PSL]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Karol Nawrot
| area_total_km2 = 8.32
| population_as_of = 31-12-2014 <ref>{{cite book |title=Population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of December 31, 2014 |page=57 of downloadable pdf document |publisher=GUS - Central Statistical Office of Poland |location=Warsaw |date=8 June 2015 |url=http://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-of-population-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-divison-as-of-december-31-2014,3,13.html# }}</ref>
| population_total = 12240
| population_density_km2 = 1471
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|52|39|N|17|57|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 88-300
| registration_plate = CMG
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DW254-PL.svg|32px]]
| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]]
| website = {{official website|http://www.mogilno.pl}}
}}
'''Mogilno''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|m|ɔː|ˈ|ɡ|ɪ|l|n|oʊ}}; {{IPA|pl|mɔˈɡʲilnɔ|lang}}) is a town in central [[Poland]], seat of the [[Mogilno County]] in the [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]].{{TERYT}}

==History==
[[File:Napoleon Orda, Mogilno (Księstwo Poznańskie). Kościół i dawne opactwo Benedyktynów.jpg|thumb|left|19th-century view of the [[Benedictine Monastery, Mogilno|Benedictine abbey]]]]
Mogilno is one of the oldest settlements along the border of the [[Greater Poland]] and [[Kuyavia]] historical regions. Since the turn of the 8th and 9th century until the 10th century an early-medieval settlement existed there, at the long narrow headland surrounded by waters of Mogilno Lake from the west and south and marshes from the east.

In 1065, a [[Benedictine Monastery, Mogilno|Benedictine abbey]] was founded there by [[Boleslaus II of Poland|Bolesław the Generous]]. North of the abbey a town later developed, which in 1398 was granted a [[town charter]] by King [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], and which was the abbey's property until 1773. Administratively it was located in the Gniezno County in the [[Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)|Kalisz Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]] of the Kingdom of Poland.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany|year=2017|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Historii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=1b}}</ref>

After the [[First Partition of Poland]] in 1772 the town became a part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. In local baptism records from 1792, the town is spelled Mogillno. After the successful [[Greater Poland uprising (1806)|Greater Poland uprising of 1806]], it was regained by Poles and included within the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and after its dissolution, it was re-annexed by Prussia in 1815. In 1918, Poland regained independence, and shortly afterwards the [[Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)|Greater Poland uprising]] broke out, which goal was to reunite the town and region with the reborn Polish state. The town was liberated by Polish insurgents on 1 January 1919.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pw.ipn.gov.pl/pwi/kalendarium-1/7828,1-stycznia-1919.html|title=1 stycznia 1919|website=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej|access-date=1 December 2023|language=pl}}</ref>

Since 1898 until his death in 1910 a parish priest in Mogilno's other church St. Jacob (Św. Jakuba) was [[Piotr Wawrzyniak]].

===Second World War===
[[File:Mogilno, pomnik bohaterom.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Monument to the Heroes of the Fight for Freedom of the Mogilno Land]]
During the German [[invasion of Poland]] at the start of [[World War II]], it was the site of fierce Polish defense.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=91}}</ref> On 18 September 1939, German forces incited by members of Mogilno German minority killed 40 Poles, one of whom was of Jewish descent. The victims were picked out by local Volksdeutsche with Polish citizenship for execution. The oldest victim was 75, the youngest 17.<ref>{{cite book |first=Szymon |last=Datner |author-link=Szymon Datner |title=55 dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce (1.IX-25.X.1939) |publisher=MON (Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej) |location=Warsaw |year=1967 |page=346 |language=PL }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Czesław |last=Łuczak |author-link=Czesław Łuczak |title=Pod niemieckim jarzmem (Kraj Warty 1939-1945) |publisher=PSO |location=Poznan |year=1996 |page=43 |language=PL }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Klaus-Peter |last=Friedrich |editor-first=David |editor-last=Silberklang |title=Yad Vashem Studies |volume=35 |publisher=Yad Vashem |location=Jerusalem |year=2007 |issn=0084-3296 |isbn=978-965-308-273-1 |chapter=Did the Nazi War of Extermination in Eastern Europe Start in September 1939? |issue=1 |page=202 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDXaeukt4sC&dq=Yad+Vashem+Studies%2C+Mogilno&pg=PA202 }}</ref> The first [[expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany|expulsions of Poles]], mainly families of massacred Polish defenders and families of Poles who were murdered or deported to [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]] during the ''[[Intelligenzaktion]]'', as well as owners of larger houses, shops, workshops and barbershops, were carried out in November and December 1939.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=166–167, 169|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}}</ref> On 14–19 April 1940, during the ''Intelligenzaktion'', the [[Gestapo]] carried out mass arrests of local [[Polish people|Poles]], who were then imprisoned in the local prison.<ref>Wardzyńska (2009), p. 213</ref> Further expulsions of 491 Poles, including disabled and ill people, were carried out by the German police in 1941.<ref>Wardzyńska (2017), p. 301</ref> Poles were deported to the [[General Government]] in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland, while their houses were handed over to [[Germans]] as part of the ''[[Lebensraum]]'' policy.<ref>Wardzyńska (2017), pp. 169, 301-302</ref> From 1941 to 1943, the Germans operated a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] men in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000056|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Mogilno|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=1 December 2023|language=de}}</ref>

The [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance movement]] was active in Mogilno, including local units of the ''Wielkopolska Organizacja Wojskowa'', ''Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich'', [[Grey Ranks]], [[Union of Armed Struggle]] and [[Home Army]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|year=1998|location=Poznań|language=pl|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|pages=495, 627, 646|isbn=83-85003-97-5}}</ref> Two [[Polish underground press|Polish underground newspapers]] were printed in the town.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|pages=132, 234}}</ref> In 1940, the Germans arrested the leaders of the local unit of ''Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich'', who were then imprisoned in various Nazi prisons and eventually sentenced to death and [[beheaded]] in [[Poznań]] in 1942.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|year=1998|location=Poznań|language=pl|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|pages=80, 521}}</ref> Bogdan Friedrich, commander of the local unit of the Union of Armed Struggle was arrested by the [[Gestapo]] in mid-1942 and died in the [[Rawicz]] prison after a brutal interrogation, whereas Stanisław Szperka, commander of the local Home Army unit, was arrested by the Gestapo in August 1944; he died during his deportation from a prison in [[Żabikowo, Luboń|Żabikowo]] to the [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|pages=161–162, 552}}</ref> Several organizers of the local resistance units were also arrested in 1942–1944 and either murdered during Gestapo interrogations or sentenced to death and executed.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|year=1998|location=Poznań|language=pl|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|pages=57, 187, 205, 281, 579, 657}}</ref>

==Sights==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=360 |header=Sights of Mogilno (examples)
| image1 = Mogilno panorama od zach.jpg
| image2 = Mogilno park miejski 01.jpg
| image3 = Mogilno. Zespół Klasztorny benedyktynów.JPG
| image4 = Kosciol-Jakuba-9611.jpg
| caption1 = Mogilno Lake
| caption2 = Municipal Park
| caption3 = Saint John the Evangelist church
| caption4 = Saint James church
}}
*The [[Benedictine Monastery, Mogilno|former Benedictine abbey]]; church dates back to 11th century, rebuilt in 13th and 1st half of 16th centuries in late-Gothic style, and also later in 2nd half of 18th century in late-Baroque. Facade is from end of 18th century. The church still retained many Romanesque parts, as pillars, parts of walls in the nave, and particularly well preserved are apse and two crypts. The three-winged abbey with garth dates from the 14th century, and was rebuilt in the 18th.
*Late-Gothic church of St. James dating back to ca. 1511
*Centre of the city with houses from 19th century
*Cemetery with a monument to [[Piotr Wawrzyniak]] (and a second monument to him at park)

==Culture and tourism==
The town is home to the Mogilno Film Academy as well as a cinema. The film ''[[Voodoo Dad]]'' was set and shot entirely in the town.

There is a local museum dedicated to the local area, a local cultural institute, and several organisations dedicated to cultural activities and local venues.

It is also a focal point of many tourist trails and nature walks, most notably the [[Piast Trail]]. The scenic location also attracts a number of tourists looking to relax in the nearby forests and lakes.

==Sport==
[[File:Hala widowiskowo-sportowa w Mogilnie b.jpg|thumb|Sports hall]]
The local [[association football|football]] team is [[Pogoń Mogilno]].

==Twin towns==
* [[Engelskirchen]], [[Germany]], since 2012
* [[Brody]], [[Ukraine]], since 2006

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons-inline}}.
*[http://www.visittorun.pl/259,l2.html#mogilno Visit Mogilno], in visittorun.pl.
*[http://www.mogilno.pl Official town web page] (in Polish).
*[http://www.cmg24.pl Portal CMG24.pl - Mogilno, Dąbrowa, Strzelno i Jeziora Wielkie], (in Polish).
*[http://klasztor.mogilno.com.pl/?a=podstrona&id=16 Cloister Mogilno], (in Polish).
*[http://www.chemirol.com.pl Chemirol Company Ltd.], Mogilno (in Polish).

{{Mogilno County}}
{{Gmina Mogilno}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mogilno| ]]
[[Category:Mogilno County]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in Poland]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes during the Invasion of Poland]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1939]]
[[Category:Decapitation]]