View source for Mohamed Naguib

{{Short description|President of Egypt from 1953 to 1954}}
{{about|the former president of Egypt|the Egyptian footballer|Mohamed Naguib (footballer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Mohamed Naguib
| native_name         = {{nobold|محمد نجيب}}
| native_name_lang    = ar
| nationality         = Egyptian
| image               = Muhammad Naguib.jpg
| image_size          = 220
| caption             = Official portrait, {{circa|1954}}
| office              = 1st [[President of Egypt]]
| primeminister1      = ''Himself''<br/>[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| term_start          = 18 June 1953
| term_end            = 14 November 1954
| predecessor1        = ''Position established''<br/><small>([[Fuad II of Egypt|Fuad II]] as [[King of Egypt and the Sudan|King of Egypt]])</small>
| successor1          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| office2             = 30th [[Prime Minister of Egypt]]
| president2          = ''Himself''
| term_start2         = 8 March 1954
| term_end2           = 18 April 1954
| predecessor2        = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| successor2          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| monarch3            = [[Fuad II of Egypt|Fuad II]] <small>(until 18 June 1953)</small>
| president3          = ''Himself'' <small>(from 18 June 1953)</small>
| term_start3         = 7 September 1952
| term_end3           = 25 February 1954
| predecessor3        = [[Ali Maher Pasha|Ali Maher]]
| successor3          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| office4             = [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces|Minister of War and Navy]]
| primeminister4      = ''Himself''
| term_start4         = 7 September 1952
| term_end4           = 18 June 1953
| predecessor4        = [[Ali Maher Pasha|Ali Maher]]
| successor4          = [[Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)|Abdel Latif Boghdadi]]
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1901|2|19|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Khartoum]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1984|8|28|1901|2|19|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
| death_cause         = [[Liver cirrhosis]]
| spouse              = {{marriage |[[Aisha Naguib]]|1934|1971|end=died}}
| party               = [[Egyptian Armed Forces|Military]]/[[Liberation Rally]]
| vicepresident       = 
| constituency        = 
| allegiance          = {{flagicon|Egypt|1882}} [[Sultanate of Egypt]]<br/>{{flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt]]<br/>{{flagicon|Egypt|1952}} [[Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Republic of Egypt]]
| branch              = {{flagicon|Egypt|army}} [[Egyptian Army]]
| unit                = [[Infantry]]
| serviceyears        = 1918–1954<ref>{{cite web|url=http://modernegypt.bibalex.org/Types/Persons/Details.aspx?type=ruler&ID=ieiMjZc32OCIOCRsXII4PA%3d%3d|title=ذاكرة مصر المعاصرة – السيرة الذاتية|publisher=Modern Egypt|access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref>
| rank                = {{flagicon image|Turco-Egyptian liwa'.gif|border=no}} [[Turco-Egyptian ranks|Major General]]
| battles             = {{tree list}}
* '''[[Abdeen Palace incident of 1942]]'''
* '''[[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]'''
** [[Battles of Negba]]
** [[Operation Pleshet]]
** [[Battle of Nitzanim]]
** [[Battle of Hill 86]]
* '''[[Egyptian Revolution of 1952]]'''
{{tree list/end}}
| awards              = [[Order of the Nile]] [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.png|25px]]<br/>[[Order of the Republic (Egypt)|Order of the Republic]] [[File:EGY Order of the Republic - Grand Cordon BAR.png|25px]]
| signature           = Muhammad Naguib Signature.jpg
| honorific_prefix    = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />[[Major General]]
}}
[[Major General]] '''Mohamed Bey Naguib Youssef Qutb El-Qashlan''' ({{langx|ar|محمد بي نجيب يوسف قطب القشلان}}; 19 February 1901 – 28 August 1984), known simply as '''Mohamed Naguib''' ({{langx|ar|محمد نجيب}}), was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who, along with [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], was one of the two principal leaders of the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|Free Officers movement]] of 1952 that [[1952 Egyptian revolution|toppled]] the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty|monarchy of Egypt and the Sudan]], leading to the establishment of the [[Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Republic of Egypt]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Chin |first1=John J. |last2=Wright |first2=Joseph |last3=Carter |first3=David B. |title=Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D'état |year= 2022 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2068-2 |page=790 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyScEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=1984-08-29 |title=Mohammed Naguib, First President of Egypt, Dies  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/29/obituaries/mohammed-naguib-first-president-of-egypt-dies.html |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Mohamed Naguib ( 1901–1984 ) |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/98422/Mohamed-Naguib--(-1901---1984-)?lang=en-uk}}</ref>

A distinguished and decorated general who was wounded in action in the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], he became the leader of the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|Free Officers Movement]] of nationalist army officers opposed to the continued presence of [[United Kingdom|British]] troops in Egypt and Sudan, and the corruption and incompetence of [[Farouk of Egypt|King Farouk]]. Following the toppling of Farouk in July 1952, Naguib went on to serve as the head of the [[Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council|Revolutionary Command Council]], the [[Prime Minister of Egypt|prime minister]] of Egypt, and later its first [[president of Egypt|president]], successfully negotiating the independence of Sudan (hitherto a [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom]]), and the withdrawal of all British military personnel from Egypt. His tenure as president came to end in November 1954 due to disagreements with other members of the Free Officers, particularly Nasser, who forced him to resign and succeeded him as president.<ref name=":1" /><ref>الأوراق السرية لمحمد نجيب صـــ5</ref>

==Early life and education==
Mohamed Naguib was born on 19 February 1901 in [[Khartoum]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] to Youssef Naguib and Zohra Ahmed Othman.<ref name=eb>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Muhammad Naguib
|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401705/Muhammad-Naguib|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=24 August 2024 }}</ref> Zohra was from the esteemed [[Shaigiya tribe]], while Youssef was a ranking [[officer (armed forces)|officer]] of the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]] who had come from a notable Egyptian family of army officers.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1952 |title=Life and Career of General Mohamed Naguib |journal=Proche-Orient: Near East Monthly Review |volume=1–2 |issue=3 |pages=3}}</ref> Naguib was the eldest of nine children.

Naguib attended secondary and military school at [[Gordon Memorial College]] in Khartoum, graduating in 1918. He joined the Egyptian Royal Guard in 1923. In 1927, Naguib became the first Egyptian military officer to obtain a law license. In 1929 he earned a postgraduate degree in [[political economy]], and then another postgraduate degree in [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] in 1931.<ref>كنت رئيسا لمصر صــ195 و270</ref>

==Military career==
[[File:Naguib in 1948 war.jpg|left|thumb|308x308px|Naguib during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|1948 war]]]]
In December 1931, Naguib was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]]. He moved to the border patrol in [[Arish]] in 1934. He was part of the military committee that carried out the terms of the [[Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936|Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936]]. In [[Khartoum]], he founded a newspaper for the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]] in 1937, and he was promoted to the rank of [[Major (rank)|major]] on 6 May 1938.<ref name="الأوراق السرية لمحمد نجيب صـــ11">الأوراق السرية لمحمد نجيب صـــ11</ref>

Naguib tendered his resignation in protest following the [[Abdeen Palace incident of 1942]]. Naguib wrote in his autobiography that he had resigned since he had broken his oath of allegiance to the [[Farouk of Egypt|King]] by failing to prevent the [[British Empire|British]] siege of the palace, but that [[Abdeen Palace]] officials thanked him for his actions regardless and refused to accept his resignation.<ref>كنت رئيسا لمصر صـــ61</ref>

Naguib subsequently continued his upward trajectory through the hierarchy of the Egyptian military, achieving the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] and the post of regional governor of the [[Sinai Peninsula]] in 1944. He took on leadership of the mechanized infantry of the Sinai in 1947, and was promoted to [[brigadier general]] in 1948.<ref name="الأوراق السرية لمحمد نجيب صـــ11"/>

Naguib performed outstandingly during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], where he was wounded seven times. For his service he was awarded the first military star of Fuad as well as the title of [[Bey]]. He was also subsequently awarded with the directorship of the [[Egyptian Military Academy]], where he would ultimately encounter the members of the [[Free Officers movement (Egypt)|Free Officers movement]].<ref name="الأوراق السرية لمحمد نجيب صـــ11"/>

==Free Officers Movement==
Mohamed Naguib was first introduced to the Free Officers Movement by [[Abdel Hakim Amer]] during his tenure as the director of the Royal Military Academy in Cairo. The Free Officers were a group of nationalist army officer veterans of the unsuccessful nationalist uprisings of 1935–36 and 1945–46 as well as the 1948 Arab Israeli War, fiercely opposed to the continuing presence of British military personnel in Egypt and Sudan since 1882, and the attendant political role that the United Kingdom had in Egyptian affairs.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Free Officers in Opposition: Imagining Revolution |date=2018 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/foreign-policy-as-nation-making/free-officers-in-opposition-imagining-revolution/4E63B323717139D2CABECA9305ED2D4A |work=Foreign Policy as Nation Making: Turkey and Egypt in the Cold War |pages=101–122 |editor-last=Abou-El-Fadl |editor-first=Reem |access-date=2023-08-29 |series=The Global Middle East |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108566025.004 |isbn=978-1-108-47504-4|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Additionally, they viewed the Egyptian and Sudanese monarchy as weak, corrupt, and incapable of protecting Egyptian and Sudanese national interests, particularly against the United Kingdom, and the [[State of Israel]]. In particular, they held King Farouk responsible for the poor conduct of the war in Palestine in which 78% of the former [[Mandate for Palestine]] was lost to the newly proclaimed State of Israel, and some three quarters of [[Palestinians|Palestine's Muslim and Christian population]] variously fled into exile. 

The movement had been led originally by Gamal Abdel Nasser, and was composed exclusively of servicemen who were all under 35 years of age and from low-income backgrounds. Nasser, who like Naguib was a veteran of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, felt that the movement needed an older officer from a distinguished military background in order to be taken seriously. The highly respected and nationally famous Naguib was the obvious choice, and he was invited to assume leadership of the movement. While this proved successful in strengthening the Free Officers, it would later cause great friction within the movement, and an eventual power struggle between the elder Naguib and the younger Nasser. Historians have noted that whilst Naguib understood his position and duty as being the movement's bona fide leader, the younger Free Officers saw him as a figurehead who would yield to the collective decision-making of the movement, giving Naguib a more limited, symbolic role.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=892}}

==Revolution of 1952==
{{main|Egyptian Revolution of 1952}}
[[File:Nasser and Naguib Saluting.tif|thumb|Naguib saluting at the opening of the [[Suez Canal]] with Gamal Abdel Nasser|left]]
On 23 July 1952 at about 1&nbsp;am, the Free Officers launched the revolution with a [[coup d'état]] to depose King Farouk. Naguib was immediately appointed as [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces|Commander in Chief of the Army]] in order to keep the loyalty of the Armed Forces firmly behind the Revolution.<ref name=":1" /> His celebrated status as a hero of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, along with his jovial personality and elder statesmen demeanor also made him appear as a reassuring figure to the Egyptian public, who had not previously been exposed to Nasser and the other Free Officers.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=894}}

The Free Officers chose to govern at first via [[Aly Maher Pasha]], a former prime minister who was known for his opposition to the United Kingdom's [[History of Egypt under the British|occupation of Egypt]], and its interference in Egyptian affairs.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=894}} The next evening, Naguib met with British diplomat John Hamilton.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=895}} During the meeting Hamilton assured Naguib that the British government supported the [[abdication]] of King Farouk, that the [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]] government viewed the coup as an internal Egyptian matter, and that the United Kingdom would intervene only if it felt that British lives and property in Egypt were in danger.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=895}}
[[File:Nageeb_&_nasser.jpg|thumb|Naguib (left) and Nasser (right) during celebrations for the second anniversary of the revolution, July 1954|207x207px]]
[[File:Muhammed_Naguib_colors.jpg|alt=Muhammed Naguib colors|thumb|Naguib with [[Anwar Sadat]] in the background|282x282px]]
The prospect of British intervention on behalf of Farouk was the biggest threat to the Revolution, and Hamilton's message to Naguib gave the Free Officers the reassurance that they needed to follow through with deposing the King.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=895}} On the morning of 26 July 1952, Maher arrived at the [[Ras El Tin Palace]] where Farouk was staying in order to present him with an ultimatum from Naguib: he was to abdicate his throne, and leave Egypt by 6&nbsp;pm the following day, or the Egyptian troops gathered outside Ras El Tin would storm the palace and arrest him.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=898}} Farouk agreed to the terms of the ultimatum, and the following day, in the presence of Maher, and the United States Ambassador [[Jefferson Caffery]], boarded the Royal yacht ''[[El Mahrousa]]'', and left Egypt.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=898}} In his memoirs, Naguib described how his journey to the dock to meet the deposed Farouk before the former King departed the country was delayed by throngs of people celebrating the Revolution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Naguib Mohammed|url=|title=Egypt's Destiny|publisher=Victor Gollancz
|year=1955|page=139|oclc=732310565}}</ref> Caffery confirmed that Naguib was angry at missing the former King's departure.{{sfn|Thornhill|2004|p=898}} Upon arrival at the dock, Naguib immediately took sail in a small vessel to meet Farouk on the ''Mahrousa'', and formally bid him farewell.<ref name=":0" />

In September, Naguib was appointed prime minister, and a member of the Royal Regent Council, with Nasser serving as the [[Ministry of Interior (Egypt)|minister of interior]]. Farouk's infant son succeeded him as [[Fuad II of Egypt|Fuad II]], and would be the last King of Egypt. The succession was designed to deny the United Kingdom a pretext for intervention, allowing the revolutionaries to maintain that they were opposed only to the corrupt regime of Farouk, and not to the monarchy itself. However, after consolidating their power, the Free Officers quickly moved to implement their long-held plans for abolishing the monarchy. Ali Maher's government resigned on 7 September 1952, and Naguib was appointed prime minister.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dekmejian |first=R. Hrair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MCVgiW9KDh8C&dq=nagib+7+september+1952&pg=PA190 |title=Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon |date=1975-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-87395-291-0 |language=en}}</ref> On 18 June 1953, almost 11 months after the revolution, the revolutionaries stripped the infant King Fuad II of his title, declared the end of the [[Kingdom of Egypt]] and the establishment of the [[Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Republic of Egypt]].

==Presidency==
[[File:Muhammad Naguib 1953.jpg|thumb|207x207px|Naguib at his office, 1953|left]]
[[File:Ma Bufang and Muhammad Naguib.jpg|thumb|207x207px|Naguib with [[Hui people|Chinese Muslim]] [[Kuomintang]] [[National Revolutionary Army]] General [[Ma Bufang]]|left]]

With the declaration of the Republic, Naguib was sworn in as its first [[President of Egypt|President]]. Owing to the non-Egyptian ancestry of Muhammad Ali Pasha (the progenitor of the Muhammad Ali dynasty), and the earlier dynasties that had governed Egypt, Naguib was referenced in Western media as being the first native Egyptian ruler of Egypt since the [[Last war of the Roman Republic|Roman conquest of Egypt]], or even earlier to Pharaoh [[Nectanebo II]], whose reign ended in 342 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wendy Christensen
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHCrUJXvsi8C&pg=PA57|title=Empire of Ancient Egypt|year=2009|isbn=978-1438103143|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|page=57}}</ref> Naguib himself objected to this characterisation, stating:<blockquote>"It has been said in the foreign press that I am the first Egyptian to govern Egypt since Cleopatra. Such words flatter but they do not align with our knowledge of our own history. For the sake of glorifying our own Blessed Movement, are we to say that the Fatimads were never Egyptian despite their centuries in Egypt? Do we now deny our kinship with the Ayyubids because of their origin even as we join Saladin's eagle with the Liberation Flag as the symbol of our Revolution? And what of the members of the Mohammed Ali dynasty? Should our grievances against the former King and the flawed and corrupt rulers before him blind us to the nationalism of Abbas Hilmi II, whose devotion to Egypt against the occupiers cost him his throne, or the achievements of Ibrahim Pasha, the very best of the dynasty, who himself declared that the Sun of Egypt and the water of the Nile had made him Egyptian? Are we now to go through the family histories of all Egyptians and invalidate those born to a non-Egyptian parent? If so, I must start with myself. It is fairer and more accurate to say that we are all Egyptians, but I am the first Egyptian to have been raised from the ranks of the people to the highest office to govern Egypt as one of their own. It is an honour and a sacred burden great enough without the embellishments that foreign observers would add to it."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ferrell
|first=Frances Hunter|date=April 1954|title=Britain and Egypt|journal=Current History|volume=26|issue=152|page=236|doi=10.1525/curh.1954.26.152.235 |s2cid=146373886 }}</ref></blockquote>

===Forced resignation===
[[File:Last declaration by Mohammed Naguib before his arrest 1954.jpg|thumb|207x207px|Last declaration by Mohamed Naguib before his arrest, 1954]]
When Naguib began showing signs of independence from Nasser by distancing himself from the RCC's land reform decrees and drawing closer to Egypt's established political forces, namely the [[Wafd Party|Wafd]] and the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]],<ref name="Kandil272">{{Harvnb|Kandil|2012|p=27}}</ref> Nasser resolved to depose him.<ref name="Aburish51">{{Harvnb|Aburish|2004|p=51}}</ref> In late 1953, Nasser accused Naguib of supporting the recently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood and of harboring [[dictator]]ial ambitions.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} A brief power struggle broke out between Naguib and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] for control of the [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military]] and of Egypt. Nasser ultimately won the struggle and managed to force Naguib to resign from the presidency of Egypt in November 1954. Nasser then placed Naguib under informal [[house arrest]] in a suburban Cairo villa owned by Zeinab Al-Wakil, the wife of former [[List of prime ministers of Egypt|Prime Minister]] [[Mostafa El-Nahas]].{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} Naguib was released from house arrest in 1971 by President [[Anwar Sadat]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Salahi|first=Amr|title=Egypt's history of erasing presidents from Mohamed Naguib to Mohamed Morsi |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/analysis/egypts-history-erasing-presidents-naguib-morsi |access-date=16 July 2022|website=The New Arab|date=3 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhammad Naguib {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-Naguib |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
[[File:Naguib and his family.jpg|thumb|Naguib with his sons]]
[[File:الرئيس المصري السابق محمد نجيب.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Naguib, in front of his portrait, in the last days of his life]]

Naguib was married and had four children, three sons and a daughter.<ref name="life52" /> His sons were Farouk, Yusuf and Ali.<ref name="life52" /> ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine reported shortly after the revolution in August 1952 that his eldest son Farouk, who was 14 years old, was planning to change his name.<ref name="life52" /> His daughter died in 1951.<ref name="life52">{{cite magazine|title=A King is Deposed |url=https://www.hsje.org/library/a_king_is_deposed.pdf |access-date=26 February 2022|magazine=Life|date=25 August 1952|page=105|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226152804/https://www.hsje.org/library/a_king_is_deposed.pdf}}</ref>

On 28 August 1984, Naguib died from [[Cirrhosis|liver cirrhosis]] in Cairo, Egypt. He was 83.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fowler|first=Glenn|title=Mohammed Naguib, First President of Egypt, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/29/obituaries/mohammed-naguib-first-president-of-egypt-dies.html |access-date=16 July 2022|website=The New York Times|date=29 August 1984}}</ref> Naguib had a [[military funeral]] that was attended by President [[Hosni Mubarak]]. Naguib's coffin, draped in [[Flag of Egypt|Egyptian flag]], was carried on a gun carriage drawn by six horses as brass bands played funeral music. Hundreds of mourners, including government officials, foreign dignitaries and family members, marched behind the carriage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt&#039;s first president buried - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/08/29/Egypts-first-president-buried/7685462600000/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Shortly before his death in 1984, Naguib published his memoirs under the title ''I Was a President of Egypt''. The book was widely circulated and was also translated into English under the title ''Egypt's Destiny''. A station of the [[Cairo Metro]] is named in his honor. A major road in the [[Al Amarat (Khartoum)|Al Amarat District]] of [[Khartoum]] is also named after him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-08 |title=Sudan conflict: What to do with the dead bodies in Khartoum |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65787541 |access-date=2024-06-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohamed Naguib |url=https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8/}}</ref>

In December 2013, Interim Egyptian President [[Adly Mansour]] posthumously awarded Naguib the [[Order of the Nile]], the highest honor of the Egyptian state. The award was received by his son, Mohamed Yusuf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhammad Naguib {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-Naguib |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2015 |title=Meet the Free Officers of Egypt's Revolutionary Command Council |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/136027/Egypt/Politics-/Meet-the-Free-Officers-of-Egypt;s-Revolutionary-Co.aspx}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of rulers of Egypt]]

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite journal | last=Thornhill | first=M. T. | title=Britain, the United States and the Rise of an Egyptian Leader: The Politics and Diplomacy of Nasser's Consolidation of Power, 1952–4 | journal=The English Historical Review | volume=119 | issue=483 | date=2004-09-01 | issn=0013-8266 | doi=10.1093/ehr/119.483.892 | pages=892–921}}
* {{cite book | last=Aburish | first=Saïd K. | title=Nasser, the Last Arab | publisher=Macmillan | publication-place=New York | date=2004 | isbn=978-0-312-28683-5 | page=}}
* {{cite book | last=Kandil | first=Hazem | title=Soldiers, Spies, and Statesmen: Egypt's Road to Revolt | publisher=Verso Books | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-84467-962-1 }}

==Further reading==
* Mohammed Naguib (w/ uncredited [[Leigh White]]), ''Egypt's Destiny'' (London, 1955) Rolo, Charles J. (June 1955).

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
* [https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8/ Presidency biography]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Fuad II of Egypt|Fuad II]]
| as = [[King of Egypt and the Sudan]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[List of rulers of Egypt|Head of state of Egypt]]
| years = 1953–1954
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 3
| after = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
}}
{{s-new
| reason = [[1952 Egyptian coup d'état|Republic proclaimed]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[President of Egypt]]
| years = 1953–1954
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Ali Maher Pasha|Ali Maher]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Prime Minister of Egypt]]
| years = 1952–1954
}}
{{s-end}}

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[[Category:1901 births]]
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