View source for Mongolian People's Party

{{Short description|Political party in Mongolia}}
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010)]], the [[Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] or the [[Inner Mongolian People's Party]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Mongolian People's Party
| native_name      = {{lang|mn|Монгол Ардын Нам}}
| native_name_lang = 
| abbreviation     = MPP (English)<br />{{lang|mn|МАН}} (Mongolian)
| logo             = Logo of the Mongolian People's Party.svg
| leader1_title    = [[Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party|Chairperson]]
| leader1_name     = [[Nyam-Osoryn Uchral]]
| leader2_title    = Secretary-General
| leader2_name     = [[Sodbaatar Yangug]]
| foundation       = 25 June 1920<br>({{age in years and days|1920|06|25}})
| founder          = {{Collapsible list|
| title               = See list:
|[[Dogsomyn Bodoo]]
|[[Soliin Danzan]]
|[[Damdiny Sükhbaatar]]
|[[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]]
|[[Darizavyn Losol]]
|{{nowrap|[[Dansranbilegiin Dogsom]]}}
|[[Dambyn Chagdarjav]]
}}
| dissolution      = 
| headquarters     = [[Ulaanbaatar]]
| newspaper        = ''[[Mongoliin Ünen]]'' ('Mongolian Truth')
| student_wing     = Social Democratic Mongolian Student's Union
| youth_wing       = Social Democratic Youth's union
| womens_wing      = Social Democratic Mongolian Women's Union
| wing1_title      = [[Military|Armed wing]]
| wing1            = [[Mongolian People's Army]]<br>(1921–1992)
| membership_year  = 2023
| membership       = {{increase}} 287,283<ref>{{cite web |title=Монгол Ардын Нам |url=http://mpp.mn/ |publisher=Mongolian People's Party |language=en}}</ref>
| ideology         = [[Social democracy]]{{efn|{{ubl|class=nowrap
 | '''1920–1990''':
 | [[Communism]]
 | [[Marxism–Leninism]]
 | '''1928–1956''':
 | [[Stalinism]]
 | '''1990–2010''':
 | [[Democratic socialism]]
}}}}
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]{{efn|{{ubl|class=nowrap
 | '''1920–1990''':
 | [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
 | '''1990–2010''':
 | [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
}}}}
| national         = 
| regional         = [[Network of Social Democracy in Asia]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://socdemasia.com/about | title=About }}</ref>
| international    = [[Communist International|Comintern]] (1924–1943)<ref>[https://ia800702.us.archive.org/28/items/red-star-over-the-third-world-by-vijay-prashad-z-lib.org_/red-star-over-the-third-world-by-vijay-prashad-z-lib.org_.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com RED STAR OVER THE THIRD WORLD]</ref><br>[[Socialist International]] (since 2003)<ref name="SI Member Parties in Government"/><br />[[Progressive Alliance (political international)|Progressive Alliance]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://progressive-alliance.info/network/parties-and-organisations/|title=Participants - Progressive Alliance|work=progressive-alliance.info|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref>
| colors           = {{color box|{{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]
| colorcode        = {{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}
| seats1_title     = [[State Great Khural]]
| seats1           = {{composition bar|68|126|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Provinces of Mongolia|Provincial]] Governors
| seats2           = {{composition bar|14|21|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Districts of Ulaanbaatar|Ulaanbaatar District ]] Governors
| seats3           = {{composition bar|8|9|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
| flag             = Flag of the Mongolian People's Party.png
| website          = {{URL|mpp.mn}}
| country          = Mongolia
| footnotes        = {{center|Formerly:<br />'''Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party'''<br />Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам<br />(1924–2010)}}
}}

The '''Mongolian People's Party'''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|mn|Монгол Ардын Нам|Mongol Ardiin Nam}}, {{IPA|mn|mɔ́ɴɢəɮ artíːɴ nam|pron}}|{{smaller|In the [[Mongolian script]]:}} {{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ}}}}}} ({{abbr|'''MPP'''}}){{efn|{{langx|mn|МАН|MAN}}, {{IPA|mn|e̝m‿a‿e̝ɴ|pron}}}} is a [[social democratic]] political party in [[Mongolia]]. It was founded as a [[communist party]] in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia.

The party played an important role in the [[Mongolian Revolution of 1921]], which was inspired by the [[Bolsheviks]]' [[October Revolution]]. The revolutionaries' victory resulted in the establishment of the socialist [[Mongolian People's Republic]] and the party becoming the [[One-party state|sole ruling]] party of the country. The party changed its name to the '''Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party'''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|mn|Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам|Mongol Ardiin Khuvisgalt Nam}}, {{IPA|mn|mɔ́ɴɢəɮ artíːɴ χʉ́wsʁəɮtʰ nam|pron}}|{{smaller|In the [[Mongolian script]]:}} {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ}}}}}} ({{abbr|'''MPRP'''}}){{efn|{{langx|mn|МАХН|MAKN}}, {{IPA|mn|e̝m‿a‿χa‿e̝ɴ|pron}}}} and joined the [[Communist International]] in 1924.

As the MPRP, the party was organized on the basis of [[democratic centralism]], a principle conceived by [[Vladimir Lenin]] which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest body of the party was the Party Congress, convened every fifth year. When the Party Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body, but since they met normally only once a year, most duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The party's leader has been titled [[General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party|General Secretary]], Chairman, Secretary, and First Secretary. The party previously followed [[Marxism-Leninism]], a synthesis of the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] and Lenin introduced by [[Joseph Stalin]] in 1929, under which the industries of Mongolia were nationalized and a planned economy was implemented.

Following the [[Mongolian Revolution of 1990]], other political parties in Mongolia were legalised and the country transitioned into a multi-party democracy. The party subsequently abandoned Marxism–Leninism in favour of [[democratic socialism]]. In 2010, party members voted to adopt social democracy as the party's ideology and restore the party's original name, dropping the word "revolutionary". This caused a faction to split away and form a [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010)|new party]] to retain the long-standing name; the two parties reunited in 2021.

The party remained as Mongolia's governing party after the 1990 revolution, until it was defeated in the 1996 election. From 2004 to 2008, it was a part of a [[coalition government]] with the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]] and [[Motherland Party (Mongolia)|Motherland Party]]. From 2008 to 2012, the party participated in another coalition with the Democratic Party, although it had a majority in the [[State Great Khural|Mongolian legislature]]. It became the main opposition party after the 2012 election. The party returned to power following the 2016 election and retained its majority in the [[2020 Mongolian parliamentary election|2020]] and [[2024 Mongolian parliamentary election|2024]] elections.

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=December 2022}}

===Background===
In 1911, Outer Mongolia [[Mongolian Revolution of 1911|declared its independence]] from the [[Qing dynasty]] after over two centuries of [[Mongolia under Qing rule|Qing rule]]. However, the independence of the [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia|Bogd Khanate]] did not last since it was not recognized by its two neighbors (Russia and China) and was considered an autonomous region under Chinese sovereignty or suzerainty. In 1919, Mongolia [[Occupation of Mongolia|was invaded by the Chinese]] [[Beiyang government]] and by [[White movement|White Russian]] forces in 1921.

=== 1921 revolution ===
{{main|Mongolian Revolution of 1921}}

[[File:Flag of Mongolia (1921–1924).svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Mongolian People's Party during the 1921 revolution]]

During the occupation, two groups, known as the Consular Hill ({{Langx|mn|Консулын дэнж|Konsulyn denj}}) and East Khuree ({{Langx|mn|Зүүн хүрээ|Züün khüree}}), formed as underground resistance movements. Members of the thensular Hill included [[Dogsomyn Bodoo]], [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]], [[Dambyn Chagdarjav]], [[Darizavyn Losol]], whilst the East Khuree included [[Soliin Danzan]], [[Dansranbilegiin Dogsom]], and [[Damdin Sükhbaatar|Damdiny Sükhbaatar]]. These seven prominent revolutionaries came to be known as the "first seven" ({{Langx|mn|Анхны долоо|Ankhnii doloo}}).

On 25 June 1920, the two groups united as the Mongolian People's Party and sent Danzan and Choibalsan as representatives to the [[Soviet Union]], who met with Soviet representatives in [[Irkutsk]] in August. On 1 March 1921, the party was founded in [[Kyakhta]] (claiming to be Mongolia's first political party) and formed the people's provisional government.

On 18 March, the Mongolian Guerrilla Army under [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]] defeated Chinese forces and took Kyakhta. In May, the White Russian [[Baron Ungern]] brought his forces north from [[Ulaanbaatar#Names and etymology|Ikh Khuree]] and was defeated by joint Mongolian Guerrilla Army and Red Army forces. On 25 June 1921, the Mongolian People’s Party issued a statement to all Mongolians about its decision to liberate the capital by force. The forces entered the capital on 6 July and declared independence on 11 July. Following advice from the [[Communist International]], the party renamed itself the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in 1924.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Constitutions of the Communist World|editor-first=William B.|editor-last=Simons|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=1980|isbn=9028600701|pages=256}}</ref>

===Armed uprising and purges===
{{Further|Stalinist repressions in Mongolia}}
[[File:Horloogiyn Choybalsan.jpg|thumb|243x243px|[[Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic]] [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]]]]
In 1928, Mongolian politics turned sharply left and began to adhere to communist ideology. Livestock herds were forcibly collectivized, private trade and transport were forbidden, and monasteries and the nobility were attacked. With state-run trade and transport unable to function, Mongolia's economy broke down—over seven million head of livestock dead, leading to [[1932 armed uprising in Mongolia|widespread unrest in 1932]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Becker |first=Jasper |title=Lost Country, Mongolia Revealed |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |year=1992 |isbn=0-340-55665-X |location=London |pages=123}}</ref> The uprising was quelled in October after the involvement of Mongolian and Soviet armies, tanks, and planes.

The first wave of [[purge]]s began with the [[Lkhümbe Affair|1933 Lkhümbe Affair]], a manufactured [[conspiracy]] linking party secretary [[Jambyn Lkhümbe]] with Japanese spy networks. Over 1,500 people were purged, many of whom were executed. Victims included Prime Minister [[Peljidiin Genden]], who was enthusiastic about the liberalisation of the economy and hesitant in suppressing [[Buddhism in Mongolia]]. In 1936, Genden was removed from power and executed in the [[Soviet Union]]. [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]], a staunch ally of [[Joseph Stalin]], gained power.
[[File:Emblem of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1930s to 1990).svg|thumb|148x148px|A five-pointed red star was used as the emblem of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from the 1930s until 1990]]
Between 1937 and 1939, a [[Stalinist repressions in Mongolia|second wave of purges]] began, with 25,437 people officially arrested and 20,099 executed. The actual number of victims has been estimated at over 35,000 to 100,000. Over 18,000 were [[lama]]s, resulting in the virtual destruction of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] clergy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuromiya |first1=Hiroaki |date=July 2014 |title=Stalin's Great Terror and the Asian Nexus |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=66 |issue=5 |page=787 |doi=10.1080/09668136.2014.910940 |s2cid=154720143}}</ref> Between 1940 and 1955, those who were complicit in the earlier purges were themselves purged.

Under Choibalsan's rule, improvements in [[Infrastructure in Mongolia|Mongolia's infrastructure]], [[Transport in Mongolia|roads]] and [[Telecommunications in Mongolia|communications]] were made with Soviet assistance and steps were taken to improve the country's literacy rate. The 11th party congress was held in December 1947, approving Mongolia's first [[Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic|five-year plan]] to intensify development of the economy, industry, animal husbandry and agriculture in stages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-20 |title=МОНГОЛЧУУД ЦУВРАЛ: Таван жилийн төлөвлөгөө |url=https://ikon.mn/n/puj |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=ikon.mn |publisher=Монсудар |language=mn}}</ref>

[[File:Mao, Bulganin, Stalin, Ulbricht Tsedenbal.jpeg|thumb|Communist leaders in 1949, left-to-right: [[Mao Zedong]], [[Nikolai Bulganin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Walter Ulbricht]] and [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]]]]

In 1952, Khorloogiin Choibalsan died and [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] gained power. Tsedenbal purged his political rivals: [[Dashiin Damba]] in 1958–1959, [[Daramyn Tömör-Ochir]] in 1962, [[Luvsantserengiin Tsend]] in 1963 and the Lookhuuz-Nyambuu-Surmaajav anti-party group in December 1964. His foreign policy was marked by efforts to bring Mongolia into closer cooperation with the Soviet Union and attempts to incorporate the country into the Soviet Union. Tsedenbal's attempts to make Mongolia the 16th Republic of the Soviet Union met strong opposition from other politicians and he was accused of treachery. During the [[Sino-Soviet split]], Tsedenbal sided with the Soviet Union, incurring Chinese wrath. He is remembered for maintaining a path of moderate socialism during the [[Cold War]].

===1990 Democratic Revolution===
{{Further|Mongolian Revolution of 1990}}
In August 1984, Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal was forced into retirement in a Soviet-sponsored move, allegedly due to age and mental state. [[Jambyn Batmönkh]] took power that month as the party and national leader.

The first open pro-democracy demonstration took place in front of the Youth Cultural Center in Ulaanbaatar on 10 December 1989.<ref>{{cite news|last=G.|first=Dari|title=Democracy Days to be inaugurated|publisher=news.mn (in Mongolian)|url=http://politics.news.mn/content/89237.shtml|access-date=8 July 2013|date=5 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110172038/http://politics.news.mn/content/89237.shtml|archive-date=10 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Over the next few months, the demonstration organizers founded Mongoliin Ardchilsan Kholboo (the Mongolian Democratic Union) and continued to organize demonstrations, rallies, protests and [[Hunger strike|hunger]], teachers' and workers' strikes<ref name="Politburo">{{cite book|title=Parliaments in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slpaAe40kn0C&pg=PA143 |author1=Nizam U. Ahmed |author2=Philip Norton |page=143|publisher=Frank Cass & Co.Ltd|place=London|isbn=0-7146-4951-1|access-date=8 July 2013|year=1999}}</ref> in the capital and the countryside calling for democracy, receiving increased support from Mongolians nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baabar.niitlelch.mn/content/112.shtml|title=Democratic Revolution and Its Terrible Explanations|author=Baabar|author-link=Baabar|publisher=baabar.mn (in Mongolian)|date=16 November 2009|access-date=25 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227133854/http://baabar.niitlelch.mn/content/112.shtml|archive-date=27 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Democratic Revolution|url=http://www.iri.org/news-events-press-center/news/mongolia-celebrates-20th-anniversary-democratic-revolution|publisher=The International Republican Institute|access-date=8 August 2012|date=11 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219062034/http://iri.org/news-events-press-center/news/mongolia-celebrates-20th-anniversary-democratic-revolution|archive-date=19 December 2010}}</ref>

On 7 March 1990 in [[Sükhbaatar Square]], the Mongolian Democratic Union launched a hunger strike urging the communists to resign. The party's politburo, the governmental authority, eventually yielded to pressure and began negotiating with the pro-democracy leaders.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wilhelm|first=Kathy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19900312&id=H-FLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=b4sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4798,2084369|title=Mongolian Politburo resigns en masse|pages=4|newspaper=The Free Lance Star|place=Fredericksburg, VA|date=12 March 1990|access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref> [[Jambyn Batmönkh]], chairman of the party's politburo, decided to dissolve it and resign on 9 March 1990.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19900312&id=QkUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_uQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4637,3539885|title=Entire Mongolian Politburo resigns|newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World|pages=8A|place=Lawrence, KS|date=12 March 1990|access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ch.|first=Munkhbayar|url=http://news.dorgio.mn/politics/other/772|title=What was the Mongolian democratic revolution?|publisher=dorgio.mn (in Mongolian)|date=13 March 2013|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506062224/https://www.dorgio.mn/p/772|url-status=dead}}</ref> This paved the way for Mongolia's first multi-party elections.<ref name="Politburo" />

Behind the scenes, the party considered cracking down on the protesters and formulated a decree to be signed by party leader Batmönkh. Batmönkh opposed it, maintaining his policy of never using force ({{langx|mn|Хэрхэвч Хүч хэрэглэж болохгүй}}). According to those present, Batmönkh said "I will never sign this. We few Mongols have not yet come to the point that we will make each other's noses bleed", struck the table and left the room.<ref name="Daariimaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.bolod.mn/modules.php?name=News&nID=54864|title=Batmönkh's widow A. Daariimaa: If my husband was working as a professor, he would have been alive today|author1=Enkhtuul B. |author2=Oyun R. |newspaper=Zuunii Medee (Century News)|access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref>

=== Post-communism ===
[[File:Badge of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League (1925-1942).svg|thumb|175x175px|Logo of the MPRP in 1992]]
In the [[1990 Mongolian parliamentary election|1990 elections]], parties contended for 430 seats in the [[State Great Khural|People's Great Khural]], but opposition parties were unable to nominate enough candidates. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party won 343 seats in the People's Great Khural and 31 of 53 seats in the Small Khural (which was later abolished). The new MPRP government under [[Dashiin Byambasüren]] shared power with the democrats, implementing constitutional and economic reforms and adopting a [[Constitution of Mongolia|new constitution]] in 1992. With the collapse of the Soviet Union (which had provided significant economic aid to Mongolia until 1990), the country experienced severe economic problems. In the [[1993 Mongolian presidential election]]s, the MPRP was defeated for the first time in its history—[[Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat]], the candidate backed by the democratic parties, received two-thirds of the vote.

The [[Democratic Union Coalition (1996-2000)|Democratic Union Coalition]], co-led by [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] as chairman of the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]], won the [[1996 Mongolian legislative election|1996 parliamentary elections]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lawrence|first=Susan V.|publisher=Congressional Research Service|title=Mongolia: Issues for Congress|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41867.pdf|date=14 June 2011|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> [[2000 Mongolian legislative election|In 2000]], [[2004 Mongolian legislative election|2004]] and [[2008 Mongolian legislative election|2008]], the MPRP won the legislative elections and was the ruling party. It formed two coalition governments with the Democratic Party, from 2004 to 2008 and 2008 to 2012. In 2003, the MPRP joined the [[Socialist International]].<ref name="SI Member Parties in Government">{{cite web|url=https://www.socialistinternational.org/news/statements/si-member-parties-in-government-333/|title=SI Member Parties in Government|website=www.socialistinternational.org|publisher=Socialist International|date=18 March 2019|access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref>

The [[2008 Mongolian legislative election|2008 parliamentary elections]] were especially controversial, with the MPRP accused of [[Electoral fraud|vote-rigging]]. Protests against the results turned violent on 1 July and a riot broke out at MPRP headquarters which was half-heartedly addressed by authorities—the party headquarters was destroyed by fire. After the riots, a five-day state of emergency was declared by President [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] for the first time in Mongolia's history.<ref>[http://www.mongolia-web.com/content/view/1848/154/ Mongolia: MPRP building in flames, president declares emergency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031330/http://www.mongolia-web.com/content/view/1848/154/ |date=4 August 2020 }}. ''Mongolia Web News''. 1 July 2008.</ref> Five civilians died during the emergency: four were shot and the fifth allegedly died from carbon-monoxide poisoning.<ref>[http://www.nguoi-viet.com/absolutenm/anmviewer.asp?a=110996&z=5 5,000 người Mông Cổ tràn ngập thủ đô đòi giải tán quốc hội]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|vi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oyungerel.org/alerts.html|title=A young man with an American dream was among the state-of-emergency victims in Ulaanbaatar|access-date=4 August 2013|last=Tsedevdamba|first=Oyungerel|publisher=oyungerel.org|date=17 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607091230/http://www.oyungerel.org/alerts.html|archive-date=7 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Mongolian Minister of Justice estimated that 220 civilians and 108 service members were injured. With the situation tense, the MPRP decided to admit the Democratic Party into the government and formed a coalition. The party demolished its headquarters and built its Independence Palace ({{langx|mn|Тусгаар тогтнолын ордон}}) with government subsidies and donations from party members; the building became fully operational on 26 November 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.24tsag.mn/content/3540.shtml|title=Fully opened MPP building's elevator is prohibited to run (in Mongolian)|publisher=24tsag.mn|date=30 November 2011|last=B.|first=Ganbileg|access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.mn/news/34874.htm|title=Who is who of MPP reformers (in Mongolian)|publisher=info.mn|date=4 August 2013|access-date=4 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127084259/http://www.info.mn/news/34874.htm|archive-date=27 January 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Name restoration===
[[File:Logo of the Mongolian People's Party (2000-2010).png|thumb|107x107px|Former logo of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, later adopted by a [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010)|new party]] with the same name]]
The restoration of the party name to the Mongolian People's Party had been at the core of discussions among party members and at party congresses since 1990. In November 2010, it was extensively deliberated at all party levels, resulting on 81.3 percent of the membership supporting the restoration of the Mongolian People's Party name and 10.7 percent of the membership wanting to deliberate the matter during the 26th party congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Түүхэн товчоон |url=http://nam.mn/%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BE/11#7 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=nam.mn |publisher=Mongolian People's Party |language=mn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=МАХН-ын XXVI Их хурал “Шинэчлэл, Манлайлал, Хөгжил” уриатайгаар эхэллээ |url=https://gogo.mn/r/78567?i= |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=gogo.mn |language=mn}}</ref> The decision to restore the party's original name was approved by 99.3 percent of the delegates to the 26th party congress. At the congress, the party described its political ideology as shifting from [[democratic socialism]] to [[social democracy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Б. |first=Хишигжаргал |date=2019-04-02 |title=ХЭЛЭХ ҮГ БАЙНА: Улс төрийн намууд үзэл баримтлалын дагуу ажилла |url=http://www.trends.mn/n/8825 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=trends.mn |language=mn}}</ref>

After the MPRP restored its original name, former Mongolian president and MPRP chairman [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] founded a new political party in 2010.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120190724/http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/2010/11/05/mongolia%E2%80%99s-oldest-party-restores-its-original-name/ ''Mongolia's oldest party restores its original name'', Business Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 5 November 2010]}}. Retrieved: 12 May 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Yuriy Humber |date=14 May 2012 |title=Former Mongolian President Granted Bail After Hunger Strike |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-14/former-mongolian-president-granted-bail-after-hunger-strike |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517233822/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-14/former-mongolian-president-granted-bail-after-hunger-strike |archive-date=17 May 2012 |publisher=Businessweek}}</ref> Enkhbayar received permission to use the name Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party for his new party from the [[Supreme Court of Mongolia]] on 24 June 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Улсын Дээд Шүүх |url=http://www.supremecourt.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=825:2011-10-19-04-03-19&catid=36:2010-11-17-01-56-38&Itemid=64 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128124735/http://www.supremecourt.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=825:2011-10-19-04-03-19&catid=36:2010-11-17-01-56-38&Itemid=64 |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=14 April 2012 |website=www.supremecourt.mn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 February 2011 |title=Former MPRP is reborn and former President named chairman |url=http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212659/http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/ |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |publisher=Business-Mongolia.com}}</ref>

In the [[2009 Mongolian presidential election]], Democratic Party candidate Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj defeated MPRP candidate and incumbent president Nambaryn Enkhbayar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mongolia Profile|work=BBC News |date=3 November 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15460528|access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Shagdar Enkhbayar |author2=David Roland-Holst |author3=Guntur Sugiyarto |url=http://are.berkeley.edu/~dwrh/Docs/WP_Mongolia_Resources100920.pdf|title=Mongolia's investment priorities from a national development perspective|publisher=berkeley.edu|date=September 2010|page=9|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> In January 2012, the Democratic Party decided to leave the coalition government before the June parliamentary elections. In the [[2012 Mongolian legislative election|2012 parliamentary elections]], the Democratic Party defeated the MPP; the MPP became the opposition, with 26 seats in parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.parliament.mn|title=Mongolia's State Great Hural (the Parliament)|publisher=State Great Hural |access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref> In the 2012 local elections in Ulaanbaatar, the provinces and districts, the MPP was defeated for the first time in Mongolia's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dashrentsen.niitlelch.mn/content/5374.shtml|title=A party that is defeated in five elections in row is dissolved|publisher=baabar.mn |date=1 July 2013|last=G.|first=Dashrentsen|access-date=6 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719233841/http://dashrentsen.niitlelch.mn/content/5374.shtml|archive-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> In the [[2013 Mongolian presidential election]], the Democratic Party candidate and incumbent president Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj again defeated the MPP candidate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Incumbent Mongolian president wins 2nd term on pro-Western, anti-graft platform|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/incumbent-mongolian-president-wins-2nd-term-on-pro-western-anti-graft-platform/2013/06/26/2bbce73e-deca-11e2-ad2e-fcd1bf42174d_story.html|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130629095510/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/incumbent-mongolian-president-wins-2nd-term-on-pro-western-anti-graft-platform/2013/06/26/2bbce73e-deca-11e2-ad2e-fcd1bf42174d_story.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 29 June 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|place=Washington|access-date=29 June 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref>

The MPP returned to power in 2016, winning an 85-percent majority of parliamentary seats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/mongolian-peoples-party-routs-democratic-party-in-parliamentary-elections/|title=Mongolian People's Party Routs Democratic Party in Parliamentary Elections|author=Peter Bittner |work=The Diplomat|access-date=15 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Chimed Saikhanbileg]] and parliament chairman [[Zandaakhuu Enkhbold]] were defeated,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edwards|first1=Terrence|title=Mongolian opposition wins landslide, voters fed up with hard times|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mongolia-election-idUSKCN0ZF0PE|access-date=16 July 2016|work=Reuters|date=30 June 2016}}</ref> with the MPP's [[Jargaltulga Erdenebat]] elected to succeed Saikhanbileg.<ref>{{cite news|title=Interview: Chinese premier's visit to open new chapter for China-Mongolia ties, further ASEM development -- ambassador|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/12/c_135507121.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713175228/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/12/c_135507121.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2016|access-date=16 July 2016|publisher=People's Republic of China|date=12 July 2016}}</ref>

=== Victories in the 2020s ===
The MPP won a landslide victory in the [[2020 Mongolian legislative election|2020 parliamentary election]]. The party's election platform had six chapters and addresses population income, economic policy, governance, green development policy, Ulaanbaatar city development, and regional development policy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2020|title=2020 Election Program of Mongolian People's Party|url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/2020-election-program-of-mongolian-people-s-party|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Mongolia Weekly|language=en}}</ref> The election result marked the first time a single party has retained an absolute majority in consecutive elections. Previously the Mongolian People's Party and the Democratic Party had taken turns wielding a majority in the State Great Khural or were compelled to form coalition governments.<ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/28ef32c277b02cda88597ca09b514148|title = Mongolian People's Party retains strong parliament majority| website=[[Associated Press]] |date = 29 April 2021}}</ref>

In June 2021, former prime minister [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh|Ukhnaa Khurelsukh]] of the MPP became the country's sixth democratically elected president after winning the [[2021 Mongolian presidential election|presidential election]], further consolidating the party's power in the Mongolian government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-Mongolian prime minister Khurelsukh wins presidential election in landslide |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/former-mongolian-prime-minister-khurelsukh-wins-presidency-2021-06-09/ |work=Reuters |date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The party retained its absolute majority (although much reduced) in the [[2024 Mongolian parliamentary election|2024 parliamentary election]].

=={{anchor|List of leaders}}Leaders==
{{main|Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party}}

* [[Soliin Danzan]] (1921)
* [[Ajvaagiin Danzan]] (1922–1924)
* [[Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj]] (1924–1928)
* [[Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir]] (1928–1930)
* [[Peljidiin Genden]] (1928–1932)
* [[Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav]] (1932–1937)
* [[Banzarjavyn Baasanjav]] (1936–1940)
* [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] (1940–1954; 1958–1984)
* [[Dashiin Damba]] (February–April 1940; 1954–1958)
* [[Jambyn Batmönkh]] (1985–1990)
* [[Gombojavyn Ochirbat]] (1990–1991)
* [[Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon]] (1991–1996)
* [[Natsagiin Bagabandi]] (February–June 1997)
* [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] (1997–2005)
* [[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]] (2005–2007)
* [[Sanjiin Bayar]] (2007–2009)
* [[Sükhbaataryn Batbold]] (2010–2012)
* [[Ölziisaikhany Enkhtüvshin]] (2012–2013)
* [[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]] (2013–2017)
* [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh]] (2017–2021)
* [[Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene]] (2021–2025)
* [[Dashzegviin Amarbayasgalan]]{{Efn|Amarbayasgalan was overwhelmingly elected as party chairman in September, but due to a party feud, he was not officially registered by the [[Supreme Court of Mongolia]].}} (2025)
* [[Nyam-Osoryn Uchral]] (2025–current)

== Election history ==

===Presidential elections===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Party candidate 
!Votes
!%
!Result
|-
|[[1993 Mongolian presidential election|1993]]
|{{ill|Lodongiyn Tudev|mn|Лодонгийн Түдэв}}
|397,061
|40.1%
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
|[[1997 Mongolian presidential election|1997]]
|rowspan=2|[[Natsagiin Bagabandi]]
|597,573
|62.5%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2001 Mongolian presidential election|2001]]
|581,381
|59.2%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2005 Mongolian presidential election|2005]]
|rowspan=2|[[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]
|495,730
|54.20%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2009 Mongolian presidential election|2009]]
|520,948
|48.07%
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
|[[2013 Mongolian presidential election|2013]]
|[[Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene]]
|520,380
|41.97%
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
|[[2017 Mongolian presidential election|2017]]
|[[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]]
|497,067
|44.85%
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
|[[2021 Mongolian presidential election|2021]]
|[[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh]]
|820,092
|72.24%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|}

=== State Great Khural elections ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Party leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!Result
|-
|[[1951 Mongolian legislative election|1951]]
|[[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|176|295|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1954 Mongolian legislative election|1954]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dashiin Damba]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|192|295|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 16
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1957 Mongolian legislative election|1957]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|178|233|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 14
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1960 Mongolian legislative election|1960]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|207|267|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 29
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1963 Mongolian legislative election|1963]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|216|270|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 9
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1966 Mongolian legislative election|1966]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|234|287|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1969 Mongolian legislative election|1969]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|252|297|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1973 Mongolian legislative election|1973]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|282|336|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 30
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1977 Mongolian legislative election|1977]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|328|354|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 46
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1981 Mongolian legislative election|1981]]
|
|
|
{{Composition bar|344|370|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 16
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1986 Mongolian legislative election|1986]]
|[[Jambyn Batmönkh]] 
|
|
|{{Composition bar|346|370|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1990 Mongolian legislative election|1990]]
|[[Gombojavyn Ochirbat]] 
|
|
|{{Composition bar|343|430|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[1992 Mongolian legislative election|1992]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Puntsagiin Jasrai]]
|1,719,257
|56.90%
|{{Composition bar|70|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 288
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[1996 Mongolian legislative election|1996]]
|408,977
|40.49%
|{{Composition bar|25|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 46
|{{decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2000 Mongolian legislative election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]
|517,746
|51.64%
|{{Composition bar|72|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 47
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[2004 Mongolian legislative election|2004]]
|517,443
|48.23%
|{{Composition bar|36|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 36
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2008 Mongolian legislative election|2008]]
|[[Sanjiin Bayar]]
|914,037
|52.67%
|{{Composition bar|45|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 8
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2012 Mongolian legislative election|2012]]
|[[Sükhbaataryn Batbold]]
|353,839
|31.31%
|{{Composition bar|26|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 19
|{{decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2016 Mongolian legislative election|2016]]
|[[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]]
|636,316
|45.69%
|{{Composition bar|65|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 39
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[2020 Mongolian legislative election|2020]]
|[[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh]]
|1,795,793
|44.93%
|{{Composition bar|62|76|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[2024 Mongolian parliamentary election|2024]]
|[[Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene]]
|509,482
|35.01%
|{{Composition bar|68|126|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

=== Little Khural elections ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Party leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!Result
|-
|[[1990 Mongolian legislative election|1990]]
|[[Gombojavyn Ochirbat]]
|598,984
|61.26%
|{{Composition bar|31|50|hex={{party color|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 31
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Governing majority}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikinews|State of emergency declared in Mongolia after violent protests, five people killed}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|mn}}

{{Clear}}
{{Leaders of CPM}}
{{Mongolian political parties}}
{{Eastern Bloc parties}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Formerly ruling communist parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1920]]
[[Category:Mongolian People's Party| ]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in Mongolia]]
[[Category:Political parties in Mongolia]]