View source for Monschau

{{short description|Resort town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany}}
{{Infobox German location
|type              = Stadt
|name              = Monschau
|image_photo       = Burg Monschau 2.jpg
|imagesize         = 
|image_caption     = Slate roofs of Monschau town centre and castle
|image_coa         = DEU_Monschau_COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|33|36|N|06|15|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Monschau in AC (2009).svg
|state             = Nordrhein-Westfalen
|region            = Köln
|district          = Aachen
|elevation         = 420
|area              = 94.6
|postal_code       = 52156
|area_code         = 02472
|licence           = AC, MON
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05334020
|divisions         = 7
|website           = [http://www.monschau.de/ www.monschau.de]
|mayor             = Dr. Carmen Krämer<ref>[https://www.monschau.de/cache/dl-Ergebnis-Stichwahl-Buergermeisterin-29-05-2022-2b33106176670a79fc0fc53a19639852.pdf Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Stichwahl des/der Bürgermeisters/in der Stadt Monschau am 29.05.2022], Stadt Monschau, accessed 14 June 2022.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2022&ndash;27
|party             = Independent
}}

'''Monschau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈmɔnʃaʊ|-|De-Monschau.ogg}}; {{langx|fr|Montjoie}}, {{IPA|fr|mɔ̃ʒwa|pron}}; {{langx|wa|Mondjoye}}) is a small [[resort town]] in the [[Eifel]] region of western [[Germany]], located in the [[Aachen (district)|Aachen district]] of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].

==Geography==
The town is located in the hills of the [[North Eifel]], within the [[Hohes Venn – Eifel Nature Park]] in the narrow valley of the [[Rur (river)|Rur]] river.
The historic town center has many preserved [[half-timbered]] houses and narrow streets have remained nearly unchanged for 300 years, making the town a popular tourist attraction nowadays. Historically, the main industry of the town was cloth-mills.

==History==
{{Monschau graphical timeline}}
On the heights above the city is Monschau castle, which dates back to the 13th century &mdash; the first mention of Monschau was made in 1198. Beginning in 1433, the castle was used as a seat of the dukes of [[Duchy of Jülich|Jülich]]. In 1543, Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] besieged it as part of the [[Guelders Wars]], captured it and plundered the town. However, the castle stayed with Jülich until 1609, when it became part of [[Palatinate-Neuburg]].

In 1795, the [[Revolutionary France|French]] captured the area and, under the name ''Montjoie'', made it the capital of a canton of the [[Roer (département)|Roer département]]. After the area became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1815, Monschau became the district capital of the ''Kreis Montjoie''.

During [[World War I]], some people argued that Monschau (or "Montjoie" as it was then still called) should be annexed to Belgium since they believed it historically to be a [[Walloons|Walloon]] area that had been Germanized by the Prussians.<ref>Finot, Jean. ''New York Times'', May 30th, 1915</ref>

In 1918, [[William II, German Emperor]], changed the name to Monschau. In 1972, the town was enlarged with the previously independent municipalities of Höfen, Imgenbroich, Kalterherberg, Konzen, [[Mützenich (Monschau)|Mützenich]] and Rohren. Mützenich, to the west of the town center, is an [[exclave]] of German territory surrounded by Belgium. It is separated from Germany by the [[Vennbahn]] railway line, which was assigned to Belgium by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in 1919.

During World War II the [[United States flag]] probably raised for the first time above German soil in Monschau.<ref name="ziemke1975">{{Cite book |last=Ziemke |first=Earl F. |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/Occ-GY/index.htm |title=The US Army in the Occupation of Germany, 1944-1946 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |year=1975 |location=Washington DC |page=148, 153-154 |lccn=75-619027 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213200328/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/Occ-GY/index.htm |archive-date=2007-12-13}}</ref> Sitting on a vital road network, the town was a point of great tactical importance in the opening phase of the [[Battle of the Bulge]] in December 1944 as the northernmost point of the battlefront.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Hugh M.|title=THE ARDENNES: BATTLE OF THE BULGE|date=1965|publisher=OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY|location=Washington, D.C.|page=86|edition=LC: 65-60001}}</ref> US Army detachment I4G2, commanded by CPT Robert A. Goetcheus, had the option to evacuate during the battle but decided to stay, as doing so would abandon cooperating civilians to Nazi reprisals.{{r|ziemke1975}}

'''1962 Smallpox Epidemic'''

In 1962, Monschau and its surrounding area became the site of one of the last [[History of smallpox|smallpox epidemics in Germany]]. The disease, which was already considered nearly eradicated in the country at the time, was introduced by an employee of a mechanical engineering company who had been working on assignment in India. The outbreak claimed one life, left four individuals critically ill, and 33 others with moderate cases. [[Quarantine]] measures were imposed on approximately 700 people. Medical care for both the infected and non-infected population proved challenging at times, as nearby hospitals, fearing the spread of infection, refused to admit patients from the region. “Every Monschau resident was suspected of carrying smallpox,” noted one account.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kopetzky |first=Steffen |date=2020-03-26 |title=Epidemie in der Eifel 1962: Die Attacke der gefährlichen Pocken |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/epidemie-in-der-eifel-1962-die-attacke-der-gefaehrlichen-pocken-a-379516eb-087c-446f-b290-c75775836f36 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=Der Spiegel |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> The novel ''Monschau'' (2021) by Steffen Kopetzky is set against the backdrop of this smallpox outbreak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steffen Kopetzky: Monschau. Roman - Perlentaucher |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/steffen-kopetzky/monschau.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112071521/https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/steffen-kopetzky/monschau.html |archive-date=2025-01-12 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.perlentaucher.de |language=de}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Monschau, zicht op de Markt met oa Dm227 foto10 2015-04-15 16.51.jpg|thumb|left|Monschau, view at the Markt]]
===  Tourism===
Monschau, which is allowed to call itself [[health resort]] [[Luftkurort]] since 1996, attracts many visitors with its picturesque views especially in the warm months. Set in the medieval town facility that is traversed by the river Rur, it is dominated by [[slate]] paneled and half-timbered houses with cafes, restaurants, craft and souvenir shops. Parking places are placed around the city center.

Part of driving and physical chase scenes in the 2016 film: "[[Collide (2016 film)|Collide]]" were filmed in and around the centre of Monschau.
{{Clear left}}

==Attractions==
===Events===
Known far beyond the environment is the Monschau Christmas market, which is visited every year by tens of thousands of guests.

* The '' Arts and Culture Centre Monschau '' (KUK) shows changing art exhibitions <ref>[http://www.kuk-monschau.de/cms/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125022723/http://www.kuk-monschau.de/cms/index.php |date=2012-11-25 }} Kulturprogramm des KUK.</ref>

===Museums===

* ''Red House'', Foundation-Scheibler Museum: The museums shows the civil living culture between the 18th and 19th centuries. 1768 the double house was completed. Johann Heinrich Scheibler (1705–1765), the owner had brought the Monschau cloth industry to full success. The highlight of the equipment is the wooden staircase in the house.  
* ''Caffee roasting Wilhelm Maassen'', founded in 1862. There is roasted coffee in old family tradition on an old PROBAT drum roaster. You can watch the roasting.
* Brewery Museum Felsenkeller, 150 years of brewing in the historical Monschau brewery, collection of old brewery equipment.
* Senfmühle Monschau, built in 1882.
* ''Erlebnismuseum Lernort natur'': Since 2014, Museum of the  [[stuffed animal]]s <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.erlebnismuseum-lernort-natur.de/museum/ | title=Erlebnismuseum Lernort Natur | access-date=2016-04-30 | archive-date=2019-09-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909143433/http://www.erlebnismuseum-lernort-natur.de/museum | url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Buildings===
[[File:Monschau, das Rote Haus Dm75 foto5 2015-04-16 10.12.jpg|thumb|right|Monschau, monumental house: [[:de:Rotes_Haus_(Monschau)|das Rote Haus]]]]
Monschau has over 330 listed buildings, so that only a selection can be called.
* [[Monschau Castle]]
* The Protestant Stadtkirche Monschau was built from 1787 to 1789 by Wilhelm Hellwig as a rectangular quarry stone and completed in 1810.<ref>Wera Groß: Protestantische Kirchenneubauten des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts am Niederrhein und im Bergischen Land; Band 2: S. 295–300.</ref> 
* The Red House of the cloth manufacturers family Scheibler is accessible as a museum today. It is a duplex and was completed in 1768 by Johann Heinrich Scheibler (1705–1765), 
* House Troistorff was built in 1783 for the couple Troistorff as a representative town house. It has long been attributed to the Aachen architect Jakob Couven, but this is unlikely.<ref name="Wertz">{{cite web|title=Das Haus Troistorff in Monschau|periodical=Rheinische Industriekultur|publisher=Verein Rheinische Industriekultur e.V.|url=http://www.rheinische-industriekultur.de/objekte/Monschau/Haus%20Troistorff/haus_troistorff.html|access-date=2012-12-03|last=Sandra Wertz|date=2009|language=German}}
</ref>
* St. Mariä Geburt (Monschau) in the style of peasant Baroque, built from 1649 to 1650, an erected in crude rubble masonry [[Saalkirche|Saalbau]], with a slightly curved gable roof. Instead of a tower, the church has a ridge turret with a pointed roof. The church is considered as the most beautiful building in the peasant Baroque in the northern Eifel <ref>Ursula Legge-Suwelack und Wolfgang Zahn: Alte Pfarrkirche und ehemaliges Aukloster mit Aukirche in Monschau.</ref>

==Supraregional sport==
At two meetings in the spring meet [[Canoeing|canoeists]] for about 50 years in Monschau international events, and a whitewater races. 
Nationally known is the Monschau Marathon more than 760 meters of altitude, which takes place in August.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Monschau is connected by various regional bus routes of Regionalverkehr Euregio Maas-Rhein inter alia to [[Simmerath]], [[Aachen]] and [[Eupen]] ([[Belgium]]). It is the collective tarif of the ''Aachener Verkehrsverbund''. All lines meet at the central station ''Imgenbroich Bushof''.  Since March 2016 runs in Monschau an additional responsive demand transport system of the ''Aachener Straßenbahn und Energieversorgung'' under the name NetLiner.

The former important [[Vennbahn]], which was used until 2001 as a [[Heritage railway]], had stations in Monschau, Konzen and Kaltenherberg, now it is  closed. It was remodeled 2010 for the establishment of the Vennbahn (bike path). Through the village runs the [[Bundesstraße 258]] from north to south.

===Biking trails===
Through the town lead the cycle paths:
* ''Eifel Höhen Route'', which leads the circuit around the [[Eifel National Park]];
* ''RurUfer Radweg'', which is the highest elevation of the [[High Fens]] with the mouth of the [[Rur (river)|Rur]] in the Maas ({{langx|fr|[[Meuse]]}}).
* ''Vennbahn'' (bike path) on the old Vennbahn track between [[Aachen]] and [[Luxembourg]].

==Notable residents==
* [[Christian Urhan]] (1790–1845), violin player and composer
* [[Johann Heinrich Kurtz]] (1809–1890), [[lutheran]] theologian
* [[Karl Wilhelm Scheibler]] (1820–1881), industrialist.
* [[Elwin Bruno Christoffel]] (1829–1900), physicist and mathematician.
* Vincent Weber, (1902–1990), painter
* [[Mario Theissen]] (1952), former [[BMW Motorsport]] Director.

== Literature ==
* Wendt, Christoph: ''Monschau – Idylle zwischen Fels und Fachwerk.'' Meyer und Meyer, Aachen 1995, {{ISBN|3-89124-223-9}}.
* Pippke, Walter, Pallhuber, Ida: ''Die Eifel.'' 2.&nbsp;Auflage. Köln 1984 (DuMont Kunst-Reiseführer), S.&nbsp;42, Farbtafel 13, Abb. 27.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:0 Monschau - La Rur et le centre historique (1).JPG|Historic center of Monschau at the Rur
File:Monschau, straatzicht op vakwerkhuizen met oa Dm80 vanaf brug over de Roer foto4 2015-04-15 16.43.jpg|Monschau, timberframe houses
File:Monschau, Burg Monschau-jeugdherberg Dm12 foto4 2015-04-16 09.46.jpg|Monschau, castle (Burg Monschau)-youth hostel
File:Monschau, hotel in straatzicht Dm317 foto5 2015-04-15 17.18.jpg|Monschau, hotel in the street
File:0 Monschau - Eschbachstraße.JPG|Street in Monschau
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Monschau}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Monschau}}
* [http://www.monschau.de/ Official site] {{in lang|de|en}}
* [http://www.monschau-klassik.de/ Official site of Monschau Music Festival] {{in lang|de}} 
* [http://www.hoefen.de/ Official site for the borough of Höfen] {{in lang|de}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2126235/ IMDB site for the film Collide] {{in lang|en}}

{{Cities and towns in Aachen (district)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monschau| ]]
[[Category:Aachen (district)]]
[[Category:Districts of the Rhine Province]]