View source for Mooneye

{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Ypresian]] - [[Recent]] {{fossilrange|49.5|0}}
| image = Hiodon tergisus NOAA.jpg
| image_caption = ''Hiodon tergisus''
| parent_authority = [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]] & [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1846
| taxon = Hiodon
| authority = [[Charles Alexandre Lesueur|Lesueur]], 1818
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *''[[Hiodon alosoides]]''
*†''[[Hiodon consteniorum]]''
*†''[[Hiodon falcatus]]'' 
*†''[[Hiodon rosei]]''
*''[[Hiodon tergisus]]''
*†''[[Hiodon woodruffi]]''
*?†''[[Hiodon shuyangensis]]''
| range_map = Hiodon Map.jpg
| synonyms = *''Amphiodon'' <small>Rafinesque, 1819</small>
*''Clodalus'' <small>Rafinesque, 1820</small>
*''Elattonistius'' <small>Gill & Jordan, 1877</small> 
*†''Eohiodon'' <small>Cavender, 1966</small>
*''Glossodon'' <small>Rafinesque, 1818</small>
}}

'''Hiodontidae''', commonly called '''mooneyes''', is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] with a single [[monotypic|included]] genus '''''Hiodon'''''.  The genus comprise two extant species native to North America and three to five extinct<ref name="Eohiodon2008">{{cite journal|last1=Hilton |first1=E. J. |last2=Grande |first2=L. |year=2008 |title=Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |volume=295 |issue=1 |pages=221–251 |doi=10.1144/sp295.13|bibcode=2008GSLSP.295..221H }}</ref> species recorded from [[Paleocene]] to [[Eocene]] age fossils.  They are large-eyed, fork-tailed fish that superficially resemble [[shad]]s. The vernacular name comes from the metallic shine of their eyes.

The higher classification of the mooneyes is not yet fully established. Some sources have place them in their own order, '''[[Hiodontiformes]]''', while others retain them in the order '''[[Osteoglossiformes]]'''.

==Species==
*''[[Hiodon alosoides]]'' <small>(Rafinesque, 1819)</small>
The  goldeye, ''Hiodon alosoides'', is widespread across eastern North America, and is notable for a conspicuous golden [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] in the eyes. It prefers turbid slower-moving waters of lakes and rivers, where it feeds on a wide variety of organisms including insects, [[crustacean]]s, small fish, and [[mollusk]]s. The fish has been reported up to {{convert|52|cm|in}} in length.
*†''[[Hiodon consteniorum]]'' <small>Li & Wilson, 1994</small>
*†''[[Hiodon falcatus]]'' <small>(Grande, 1979)</small>
[[File:Hiodon falcatus.jpg|thumb|The positive and negative plates of a ''hiodon falcatus'' fossil from the [[Green River Formation]]]]
*†''[[Hiodon rosei]]'' <small>(Hussakof, 1916)</small>
*''[[Hiodon tergisus]]'' <small>[[Charles Alexandre Lesueur|Lesueur]], 1818</small>
The mooneye, ''Hiodon tergisus'', is also widespread across eastern [[North America]], living in the clear waters of lakes, ponds, and rivers. It consumes aquatic [[invertebrate]]s, [[insect]]s, and [[fish]]. Mooneyes can reach {{convert|47|cm|in}} in length.

*†''[[Hiodon woodruffi]]'' <small>Wilson, 1978</small>
An [[Early Eocene]], [[Ypresian]] to [[Late Eocene]], [[Lutetian]] species. ''Hiodon woodruffi'' was described from fossils found in the [[Klondike Mountain Formation]], Washington and [[Horsefly shale]], British Columbia.  Further finds have increased the known paleogeographic range to include the [[Kishenehn Formation]] of northwestern Montana.

*?†''[[Hiodon shuyangensis]]'' <small>Shen, 1989</small>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{more footnotes|date=November 2020}}
* {{FishBase family | family = Hiodontidae| month = June | year = 2011}}

{{Osteoglossomorpha|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q10524275}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hiodontidae]]
[[Category:Fish of North America]]

[[es:Hiodontidae]]
[[fr:Hiodontidae]]
[[gl:Hiodóntidos]]
[[it:Hiodontidae]]
[[hu:Hiodontidae]]