View source for Morgan 4/4

{{Short description|Roadster}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Morgan 4/4
| image = Morgan 4-4 1939.jpg
| caption = A 1939 Morgan 4/4
| manufacturer = [[Morgan Motor Company]]
| production = 1936–2018
| assembly = United Kingdom: [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]], [[Worcestershire]], [[England]]
| class = [[Front mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Front mid-engined]] [[Sports car]]
| body_style = 2-door [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]]
| engine = 1.1 lite [[Coventry Climax]]<br />1.8 litre [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] engine<br />1.6 litre [[Ford Sigma engine]]
| related = [[Morgan +4]]
}}

The '''Morgan 4/4''' is a British [[automobile|motor car]] which was produced by the [[Morgan Motor Company]] from 1936 to 2018. It was Morgan's first car with four wheels, the name indicating that the model has four wheels and four cylinders (earlier Morgans had been three-wheelers, typically with [[V-twin]] engines).  Early publicity and advertising material variously referred to the model as "4/4", "4-4", "Four Four", and similar names, but from the outset the factory designation was always "4/4".<ref name=Morganactica>{{cite web | url = https://www.lambdapi.co.uk/morganatica/4/4#Designations | publisher = Morganatica Wiki | title = Morganatica Wiki | access-date = 2019-05-29 }}</ref>

Apart from a break during [[World War II]] (and the period March 1951 to September 1955), the 4/4 was in continuous production from its debut in 1936 until 2018. This span of 73 years was one of the longest production periods of any car in history. Engine capacity has increased from the 1,122&nbsp;cc [[Coventry Climax]] engine in 1936 to a 1.8-litre [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] engine in 2004. From 2009 until the model was discontinued in 2018 a 1.6-litre [[Ford Sigma engine]] was fitted.<ref name=MMC2023>{{cite web | url = https://morgan-motor.com/past-models/4-4/ | publisher = The Morgan Motor Company | title = Past models: 4/4 | access-date = 2023-08-26 }}</ref> Power has ranged from {{cvt|34|to|125|bhp|kW|0}} over the decades.

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==4/4 Two-Seater==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 Series I
| image        = Bonhams - The Paris Sale 2012 - Morgan 4 4 Sports - 1947 - 001.jpg
|caption=Morgan 4/4 Sports two-seater, 1947
| production   = 1936–1950<br>1,720 made<ref name=A-Z45to80>{{cite book |last=Robson |first=Graham |title=A-Z British Cars 1945–1980 |year=2006 |publisher=Herridge & Sons |location=Devon, UK |isbn=0-9541063-9-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/azbritishcars1940000robs }}</ref>
| engine       = 1.1&nbsp;L ''[[Coventry Climax]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]<br/>1.2 L ''[[Standard Motor Company|Standard]]'' I4
| length       = 
| width        = 
| wheelbase    = {{convert|92|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=A-Z45to80/>
| height       = 
}}

The original open two-seater '''4/4''' was introduced in 1936 and became the most popular of the three body options available. 663 were built by 1939 and 249 more from 1946 to 1950, representing 53% of the overall production.

For the first years, the car had a 1,122cc [[Coventry Climax]] engine with {{cvt|34|bhp|kW|0}}, superseded from 1939 by a [[Standard Motor Company|Standard]] Special 1,267cc overhead valve engine with {{cvt|38.8|bhp|kW|0}}. A four-speed [[Henry Meadows|Meadows]] gearbox was used until 1938, then a [[Moss Gears Ltd|Moss]] gearbox.

===4/4 Four-Seater===
The four-seat version was introduced in 1937; 99 examples were built by 1939 and a further 140 from 1946 to 1950.
[[File:Morgan 4-4 1939 - rear.jpg|thumb|left|1939 Morgan 4/4]]
[[File:Bonhams - The Paris Sale 2012 - Morgan 4 4 Drophead Coupé - 1939 - 006.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view of 1939 Drophead Coupé]]

===4/4 Drophead Coupé===
The Drophead Coupé was introduced in 1938 with 58 built by 1939 and another 106 from 1946 to 1950. This has a better folding roof and permanent window frames, along with certain other creature comforts.
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==4/4 Series II==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 Series II
| image        = 1957 Morgan 4 4 Series II.jpg
| production   = 1955–1960<br>386 made<ref name=A-Z45to80/>
| engine       = 1,172&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Sidevalve engine|Ford 10HP]]'' [[Flathead engine|SV]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
| length       = {{convert|144|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1956/>
| width        = {{convert|56|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1956/>
| wheelbase    = {{convert|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1956/>
| height       = {{convert|49|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1956/>
}}
The Series II was introduced in 1955 with 386 built by October 1960. Although very similar in appearance to the model it replaced, it was virtually a new car with a chassis based on the one used in the [[Morgan Plus 4]]. The traditional independent front suspension using sliding pillars and coil springs was fitted with a rigid axle and semi-elliptic leaf springs at the rear. Disc wheels were fitted as standard items.

A [[side-valve]] 1,172 cc Ford 100E engine was used with a Ford three-speed gearbox. The engine produced {{cvt|36|bhp|kW|0}}.<ref name=Motor1956/> Hydraulic brakes with {{convert|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} drums were fitted. It was also available in {{cvt|40|bhp|kW|0}} 'Competition' form with Aquaplane head conversion, twin S.U. carburettors, and an improved gearshift linkage.

Inside there was a bench seat back and individual squabs covered in PVC, with leather as an option, and rubber floor covering. A heater was available as an option as was a rev counter and more surprisingly, direction indicators.<ref name=Motor1956/>

In 1956, [[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]] magazine tested a Series II and recorded a top speed of {{convert|75.3|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, acceleration from 0-{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 26.9 seconds and a fuel consumption of {{convert|35.1|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}}. The test car cost £713 including taxes.<ref name=Motor1956>{{cite journal |title = The Morgan 4/4 Series II| journal =[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]| date = 8 August 1956}}</ref>
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==4/4 Series III==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 Series III
| image        = 
| production   = 1960–1961<br>58 made<ref name=A-Z45to80/>
| engine       = 997&nbsp;cc ''Ford Anglia'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
}}
The short-lived Series III was introduced in October 1960 and 58 were built by November 1961 when the Series IV arrived. The chassis was essentially the same as that used on the Series II but the track was increased by 2&nbsp;inches (50mm). Hydraulic shock absorbers replaced the old Hartford friction type.

A {{Convert|39|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} [[overhead valve]] 997cc [[Ford Anglia]] 105E engine and Ford four-speed gearbox were used.
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==4/4 Series IV==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 Series IV
| image        = 
| production   = 1961–1963<br>114 made<ref name=A-Z45to80/>
| engine       = 1.3&nbsp;L Ford Straight-4
| length       = {{convert|150|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1962/>
| width        = {{convert|56|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1962/>
| wheelbase    = {{convert|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1962/>
| height       = {{convert|48|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1962/>
}}
The Series IV introduced October 1961 with 114 built by March 1963 had a 62&nbsp;bhp, 1340 cc, [[Ford Consul Classic|Ford Classic]] 109E engine and Ford four-speed gearbox. Front {{convert|11|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} disc brakes were now fitted.

''The Motor'' magazine tested a Series IV in 1962 and found it had a top speed of {{convert|80.3|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, acceleration from 0-{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 18.6 seconds and a touring fuel consumption of {{convert|32.0|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}}. The test car cost £729 including taxes on the home market.<ref name=Motor1962>{{cite journal |title = The Morgan 4/4| journal =[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]| date = 25 April 1962}}</ref>
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==4/4 Series V==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 Series V
| image        = 1967 Morgan 4 4 2-seater - fvl.jpg
| production   = 1963–1968<br>639 made<ref name=A-Z45to80/>
| engine       = 1.5&nbsp;L Ford [[Straight-4]]
}}
The Series V was introduced in February 1963 with 639 built by March 1968.

A 65&nbsp;bhp, 1498cc, [[Ford Cortina]] 116E engine and Ford four-speed gearbox were used.
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==4/4 1600==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 1600
| image        = Morgan 1978 - Flickr - mick - Lumix.jpg
| production   = 1968–1993<br>5448 made
| engine = {{ubl
  | 1584&nbsp;cc ''[[Fiat Twin Cam engine|Fiat]]'' [[DOHC]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
  | 1597&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford CVH]]'' [[SOHC]] I4
  | 1599&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Kent]]'' [[Overhead valve engine|OHV]] I4
  }}
| length       = 
| width        = 
| wheelbase    = 
| height       = 
}}
The car was further updated in 1968 to become the 1600 with two- and four-seat open bodies available. The 4/4 1600 also benefitted from minor improvements to the body, including door handles from the Land Rover.<ref name=deconfuser>{{cite web | url = https://classicsworld.co.uk/guides/morgan-4-4-timeline/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230826070041/https://classicsworld.co.uk/guides/morgan-4-4-timeline/ | archive-date = 2023-08-26 | title = Morgan 4/4 Timeline and Deconfuser | work = Classics World | first = Matt | last = Bell | date = 2020-07-19 | publisher = Kelsey Media Ltd }}</ref>

===Ford Kent Crossflow engine===
The 4/4 1600 was introduced in February 1968 fitted with a variety of Ford 1599&nbsp;cc [[Ford Kent|Kent engine]]s of type 2737E (70&nbsp;bhp), type 2737GT (95.5&nbsp;bhp) and type 2265E (95.5&nbsp;bhp) from 1971 and a Ford four-speed gearbox. Detail improvements took place over the years, with fluted taillights introduced in 1971 and three (rather than two) windscreen wipers being installed from 1976 on. Safety improvements include dual circuit brakes, a padded dashboard, and a cable-operated clutch; these all appeared in 1971.<ref name=deconfuser/>

A total of 3513 were built by March 1982.

===Fiat Twin-Cam engine===
The Morgan 4/4 1600 TC was introduced in November 1981. Offered as a more powerful alternative to the Ford-engined variants, this was fitted with a {{cvt|97|bhp|kW|0}}, 1584&nbsp;cc [[Fiat Twin Cam engine|Fiat twin-cam]] engine and five-speed Fiat gearbox.

96 were built by November 1985. Morgan also went on to install the 2-litre version of the Fiat Twin Cam in the new Plus Four, from 1985.

===Ford CVH engine===
Introduced in March 1982 with a Ford 1597&nbsp;cc [[Ford CVH|CVH]] engine and Ford four-speed gearbox until 1984, after which it was replaced with the five-speed gearbox from the [[Ford Sierra]]. The 4/4 received the Plus Four's wider wings beginning in 1985.<ref name=deconfuser/> From 1986 steering was changed from the original cam and peg to a Gemmer [[recirculating ball]] system.

1652 were built by November 1991.

===Ford CVH EFI engine===
From November 1991, a {{cvt|100|bhp|kW|0}} Ford 1597&nbsp;cc CVH engine with electronic [[fuel injection]] was used. 187 were built by January 1993, when the 1800 version was introduced.
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==4/4 1800==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 1800
| image        = Morgan 4-4 - Flickr - mick - Lumix(1).jpg
| caption      = 1999 Morgan 4/4 1800
| production   = 1993–2009
| engine       = 1,796&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Zetec engine|Zetec R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]<br>1,798&nbsp;cc ''[[Mazda L engine#Duratec 18|Duratec]]'' I4
| length       = 
| width        = 
| wheelbase    = 
| height       = 
}}

===Ford Zetec engine===

Starting in April 1993, the Morgan 4/4 used a {{Convert|114|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} Ford 1,796cc 16-valve [[Ford Zetec engine|Zetec R]] engine.

====Runabout====
[[File:Morgan DSC 6572.jpg|thumb|left|Morgan Runabout in Dark Red; note fewer louvres]]
In 2003, Morgan launched a new entry-level model named the Runabout based on the 4/4. It was available in three standard colours only, with a standard no-option specification. The Runabout could be recognised by the reduced number of bonnet louvres.

===Ford Duratec engine===
From 2006 to 2009, the 4/4 sported a {{cvt|125|bhp|kW|0}} [[Ford Duratec engine|Ford Duratec]] 1,798&nbsp;cc 16-valve all-alloy engine of Mazda origins. On these models the exhaust is on the right side. In January 2006, a "70th Anniversary Special edition" was presented, celebrating 70 years having passed since the introduction of the 4/4.<ref name=Gizm>{{cite web | title = 4/4 70th Anniversary Morgan | url = http://www.gizmag.com/go/5002/ | last = Hanlon | first = Mike | publisher = Gizmag | access-date = 2013-06-05 | date = 2006-01-06 }}</ref> This received black paint and special wheels, similar to those used on the original "flat-rad" Morgan. 142 were planned to be made. In spite of seventy years of production, the accumulated figure had not yet reached 10,000 in 2006.<ref name=Gizm/>

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==4/4 1.6 Litre (2009–2018)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Morgan 4/4 1.6 Litre
| image        = File:2011 Morgan 4-4 1.6 Litre front.jpg
| production   = 2009–2018
| engine       = 1,595&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Sigma engine|Sigma 416]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
| length       = {{convert|4010|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| width        = {{convert|1630|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase    = 
| weight = {{convert|795|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| height       = 
}}

From 2009 to 2018, the [[Ford Sigma engine]] was used. This model displaces 1,595&nbsp;cc and produces {{cvt|110|bhp|kW|0}}, enough for a {{cvt|185|km/h|mph|0}} top speed. The engine drives the rear wheels via a five-speed manual gearbox. Initially, a Ford gearbox was used, then from 2012 a Mazda unit was fitted.<ref name=MMC2023/>

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==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Holmes-UltConv | pages=110–115}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://classicsworld.co.uk/guides/morgan-4-4-timeline Morgan 4/4 Timeline at Classics World]
*[http://www.gomog.com/allmorgan/allmorgan.html Morgan Workshop Manual]
{{Morgan Motor Company}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morgan 4 4}}
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