View source for Mujaddid

{{Short description|Term meaning one who brings renewal to Islam}}
{{distinguish|Mujahid}}
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{{Usul al-fiqh}}

A '''''mujaddid''''' ({{langx|ar|مجدد}}) is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" ({{langx|ar|تجديد|translit=[[tajdid]]|label=none}}) to the religion.<ref name=faruqi>{{cite book|last1=Faruqi|first1=Burhan Ahmad|title=The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid|date=16 August 2010|page=7|publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781446164020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7UeAgAAQBAJ|access-date=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="MICE">{{cite book|editor1-last=Meri|editor1-first=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|year=2006|publisher=Psychology Press|page=678|isbn=9780415966900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC}}</ref> According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every [[century]] of the [[Islamic calendar]] to [[Islamic revival|revitalize]] [[Islam]], cleansing it of  extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904055850/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2018|title=Mujaddid – Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

The concept is based on a ''[[hadith]]'' (a saying of [[Muhammad|Islamic prophet Muhammad]]),<ref name="Neal Robinson 2013 pp. 85-89">Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0878402243}}, Chapter 7, pp. 85–89</ref> recorded by [[Abu Dawood]], narrated by [[Abu Hurairah]] who mentioned that Muhammad said:

{{blockquote|Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.|sign=|source=[[Sunan Abu Dawood]], Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278<ref>{{Hadith-usc|abudawud|usc=yes|37|4278}}</ref>}}

[[Ikhtilaf]] (disagreements) exist among different hadith viewers. Scholars such as [[Al-Dhahabi]] and [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.<ref>Fath al-Baari (13/295)</ref><ref>Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)</ref>

''Mujaddids'' can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.<ref name="MICE"/>

==List of Sunni claimants and potential ''mujaddids''==
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| footer = Rulers and conquerors such as [[Saladin]], [[Tamerlane]], [[Shah Rukh]], [[Mehmed II]], [[Selim I]], [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]], [[Aurangzeb]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] were often popularly heralded as mujaddids for their roles in [[Political Islam]] (''Saladin, Ottoman's Selim I and Suleiman I held the title of [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]'').<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Roy|title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136950360}}</ref><ref name="pande">{{cite book|title=Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan: Evaluation of Their Religious Policies|author=B. N. Pande|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgbXAAAAMAAJ|isbn=9788185220383}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Akgunduz |first1=Ahmed |last2=Ozturk |first2=Said |title=Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths |date=2011 |publisher=IUR Press |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim p. 172">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]: [[Wiley-Blackwell]], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>}}While there is no formal mechanism for designating a ''mujaddid'' in [[Sunni Islam]], there is often a popular consensus. The [[Shia]] and [[Ahmadiyya]]<ref name="Ghulam">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RfYBgAAQBAJ|title=Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures|date=10 March 2015|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO|ABC-CLIO, LLC]]|isbn=9781610692502}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2018}}<ref name="Jesudas M. Athyal 2015 p 1">Jesudas M. Athyal, Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures, (ABC-CLIO, LLC 2015), p 1. {{ISBN|9781610692496}}.</ref> have their own list of mujaddids.<ref name="MICE"/>

===First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)===
* [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] (682–720)<ref name="livingislam">{{cite web | url=http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e96.html|title=Mujaddid Ulema|publisher=Living Islam}}</ref><ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. {{ISBN|0415966906}}.</ref>

===Second century (August 10, 815)===
* [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] (780–855)<ref>Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf"," ''The Arab Studies Journal'', Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98</ref>

===Third century (August 17, 912)===
* [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] (810–870)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa">{{cite book |last=Waliullah|first=Shah|title=[[Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa]]|year= |publisher= |page=77, part 7|isbn= }}</ref>
* [[Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari]] (874–936)<ref name="Waines">{{cite book|last1=Waines|first1=David|title=An Introduction to Islam|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521539064|page=210}}</ref><ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. {{ISBN|0415966906}}</ref>

===Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)===
* [[Hakim al-Nishaburi]] (933–1012)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa"/>
* [[Al-Baqillani|Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani]] (950–1013)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj">{{cite book |last= |first= |title=Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1|year= |publisher= |page=403|isbn= }}</ref>

===Fifth century (September 1, 1106)===
* [[Ibn Hazm]] (994–1064)<ref name="ReferenceB">The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy, Page 133 Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez</ref>
* [[Al-Ghazali|Abu Hamid al-Ghazali]] (1058–1111)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Waines"/><ref name="Paradise Lost">{{cite book |last=Nieuwenhuijze|first=C.A.O.van|title=Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=his4f16lUDcC&pg=PA24|year=1997|publisher= BRILL|page=24|isbn=90-04-10672-3}}</ref><ref name="thepenmagazine">{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.thepenmagazine.net/imam-ghazali-the-sun-of-the-fifth-century-hujjat-al-islam/|title=Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth century Hujjat al-Islam|work= |location= |publisher=The Pen|date=February 1, 2011|access-date= }}</ref><ref>Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. {{ISBN|0231519990}}</ref><ref>Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566</ref><ref>Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421</ref>
* [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] (1078–1166) <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reese |first1=Scott S. |date= 2001 |title= The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa |pages= 49–68|doi=10.1080/136968101750333969 |jstor=3181395 |s2cid=162001423 }}</ref><ref>Majmu al-Fatawa, Volume 10, Page 455</ref>

===Sixth century (September 9, 1203)===
* [[Saladin|Salauddin Ayyubi]] (1137–1193)<ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref>
*[[Ibn Qudamah]] (1147–1223)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - SunnahOnline.com|url=https://sunnahonline.com/library/biographies/370-ibn-hajar-al-asqalani|access-date=2022-01-12|website=sunnahonline.com}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] (1148–1206)<ref>Sufi Movements in Eastern India – Page 194</ref><ref>The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp. 227–228</ref>
* [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]] (1149–1210)<ref name="muslimphilosophy">{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|title=al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149–1209)|publisher=Muslim Philosophy}}</ref>
* [[Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i]] (1160-1226)<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Wael Hallaq]]|title=Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam|date=23 February 2022|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=9781000585049|page=26}}</ref>

===Seventh century (September 15, 1300)===
* [[Ibn Daqiq al-'Id]] (1228–1302)<ref name="Muhsin J. al-Musawi">{{cite book |title=Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction| date=15 April 2015|author=Muhsin J. al-Musawi| publisher=University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28|isbn=978-0268020446 }} {{ISBN|978-0268020446}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] (1263–1328)<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* [[Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya]] (1292–1350)<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

===Eighth century (September 23, 1397)===
* [[Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini]] (1324–1403)<ref name="Muhsin J. al-Musawi"/>
* [[Tamerlane]] (Timur) (1336–1405)<ref>Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 214. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]: [[Wiley-Blackwell]], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] (1372–1448)<ref name="islamic.pwp">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm|title=Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani|publisher=Hanafi.co.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902170858/http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm|archive-date=2004-09-02}}</ref>

===Ninth century (October 1, 1494)===
* [[Shah Rukh]] (1377–1447)<ref name="Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim p. 172">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]: [[Wiley-Blackwell]], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>
* [[Mehmet II]] (1432–1481)<ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref>
* [[Zakariyya al-Ansari]] (1420-1520)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahrusillah |first1=Mohamad |title=Fiqh Neurostorytelling Tradisi Lisan Pengajaran Fatḥ al-Mu'īn di Banten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oidEAAAQBAJ|publisher=Penerbit A-Empat|date=23 November 2022|isbn=9786236289754|page=139}}</ref>
* [[Al-Suyuti|Jalaludin Al-Suyuti]] (1445–1505)<ref name="livingislam"/><ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|title=The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia ''part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series''|year=2004|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|page=18|isbn=9780824828486}}</ref>

===Tenth century (October 19, 1591)===
* [[Selim I]] (1470–1520)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Akgunduz |first1=Ahmed |last2=Ozturk |first2=Said |title=Ottoman History – Misperceptions and Truths |date=2011 |publisher=IUR Press |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] (1494–1566)<ref>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society: Volume 12: Sixth Series
By Royal Historical Society</ref>
* [[Shams al-Din al-Ramli]] (1513-1596)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=I. K.|title=Islam in Modern Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9UqlsRiNTQC|publisher=MD Publications|date=2006|isbn=9788175330948|pages=87}}</ref> 
* [[Ahmad Sirhindi]] (1564–1624)<ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678"/><ref name="The New Encyclopedia of Islam">{{cite book |last=Glasse|first=Cyril|title=[[The New Encyclopedia of Islam]]|year=1997|publisher=[[AltaMira Press]]|page=432|isbn=90-04-10672-3}}</ref>

===Eleventh century (October 26, 1688)===
* [[Khayr al-Din al-Ramli]] (1585–1671)<ref name="livingislam"/>
* [[Aurangzeb|Mahiuddin Aurangzeb Alamgir]] (1618–1707)<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Kunju|first1=Saifudheen|url=https://www.academia.edu/592790|title=Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions|date=2012|page=1|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
* [[Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad]] (1634–1720)<ref name="iqra">{{cite web|url=http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html|title=A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad|publisher=Iqra Islamic Publications|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527065014/http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html|archive-date=2011-05-27}}</ref>

===Twelfth century (November 4, 1785)===
* [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]] (1703–1762)<ref name="academia.edu"/>
* [[Murtada al-Zabidi|Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī]] (1732–1790)<ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia"/>
* [[Shah Abdul Aziz|Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi]] (1745–1823)<ref name="almukhtarbooks">{{cite web|url=http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63|title=Gyarwee Sharif|publisher=al-mukhtar books|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051106/http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63|archive-date=2012-04-26}}</ref>
* [[Tipu Sultan]] (1750–1799)<ref>Muslims and India's freedom movement, Shan Muhammad, Institute of Objective Studies (New Delhi, India), Institute of Objective Studies and the University of Michigan, 2002; {{ISBN|9788185220581}}</ref>
* [[Usman dan Fodio|Usman Dan Fodio]] (1754–1817)<ref name="African And Islamic Revival">{{cite book |last=O. Hunwick|first=John|title=''African And Islamic Revival'' in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources|url=http://www.uga.edu/islam/hunwick.html|year=1995|publisher= |page=6|isbn= }}</ref>
* [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]] (1786–1831)<ref>Ahmad, M. (1975). Saiyid Ahmad barevali: His Life and Mission (No. 93). Lucknow: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications. Page 27.</ref>
* [[Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi]] (1796–1861)<ref name="Sehgal2001">{{cite book|author=Anil Sehgal|title=Ali Sardar Jafri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kl08TgBBxHIC&pg=PA213|year=2001|publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith|isbn=978-81-263-0671-8|pages=213–}}</ref>

===Thirteenth century (November 14, 1882)===
* [[Muhammad Abduh]] (1849–1905)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>
* [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] (1851–1920)<ref>{{cite news |title=Shaikhul-Hind Mahmood Hasan: symbol of freedom struggle |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/4-national/13779-shaikhul-hind-mahmood-hasan-symbol-of-freedom-struggle/ |access-date=3 May 2021 |date=12 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Adrawi Asir |author1-link=Asir Adrawi |title=Hazrat Shaykh al-Hind: Hayāt awr kārnāme |trans-title=Shaykh al-Hind: Life and works |publisher=Shaykhul Hind Academy |pages=304–305|language=ur}}</ref>
* [[Ahmad Raza Khan]] (1856–1925) <ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/islams-reformers|title=Islam's Reformers|date=1 March 2014|author=M.Sıddık Gümüş| publisher=Hakikat Kitabevi|asin=B000BZYZOQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/TheReformerOfTheMuslimWorldByDrMuhammadMasoodAhmad|title=The Reformer Of The Muslim World|date=1995|author= Dr.Muhammad Masood Ahmad |publisher=Al-Mukhtar Publications}}</ref>
* [[Amadou Bamba]] (1853–1927) <ref>{{cite book |url= https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=ex-patt|title=The Mourides of Senegal|date=2014|author=Senegal Society and Culture Report. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. 2010.| publisher=World Trade Press}}</ref>

===Fourteenth century (November 21, 1979)===
* [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] (1863–1943)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mian|first=Ali Altaf|date=2015|title=Surviving Modernity: Ashraf 'Ali Thanvi (1863–1943) and the Making of Muslim Orthodoxy in Colonial India|url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/9815|journal=Duke University|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Said Nursî]] (1878–1960)<ref name="Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices">{{cite book |last=Rippin|first=Andrew|title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|year= |publisher= |page=282|isbn= }}</ref>
* [[Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di]] (1889–1957)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Van Mitchell|date=September 1974|title=History of West Africa, Vol. 2|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605|journal=History: Reviews of New Books|volume=2|issue=10|pages=251|doi=10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605|issn=0361-2759|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1903–1979)<ref name="Maududi">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC|title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism|date=4 January 1996| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195357110}}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2021}}
* [[Murabit al-Hajj]] (1913–2018) <ref name="Sufism in West Africa">{{cite journal|author=Rüdiger Seesemann|title=Sufism in West Africa|journal=Religion Compass |url=https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x|year=2010|volume=4 |issue=10 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd|pages= 606–614|doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki]] (1944–2004) <ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-03-02|title=next mujaddid- Syekh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Benteng Sunni Abad ke-21|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/news-update/15/03/02/nkkosb53-next-mujaddid-syekh-muhammad-alawi-almaliki-benteng-sunni-abad-ke21|access-date=2020-06-08|work=[[Republika (Indonesian newspaper)]] |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jalali|title=Correct Understanding of the Mawlid – 1 {{!}} TAQWA.sg {{!}} Tariqatu-l Arusiyyatu-l Qadiriyyah Worldwide Association (Singapore) - Shari'a, Tariqa, Ma'rifa, and Haqiqa|url=http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/|access-date=2020-06-08|language=en-GB|archive-date=2015-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001110919/http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Claimants in other traditions==
* [[Mulla Sadra|Mulla Sadra Shirazi]] (1571–1640)<ref>The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam – Page 286</ref><ref>The Fundamental Principles of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy by Reza Akbarian</ref>
* [[Syed Ahmad Khan]] (1817–1898)<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World,'' Thomson Gale (2004)</ref>
*[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] (1835–1908)<ref>Adil Hussain Khan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ ''From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia''], Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015, p. 42.</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background | author=Friedmann, Yohanan | year=2003 | publisher=Oxford University Press | page=107 | isbn=965-264-014-X}}</ref>{{refn|Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya]] sect. The [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]-Shia mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the Ahmadiyya sect as it believes in non-law bearing prophethood after Muhammad.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723084336/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2010|title=Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03|quote=Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a “nonlegislating” prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad's “legislative” prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam.}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
* Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). ''Journal of Turkish Studies'' 18 (1994): 1–15. 
* Friedmann, Yohanan. ''Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity''. Oxford India Paperbacks

== External links ==
* [http://www.islamimehfil.com/topic/10135-concept-of-revivalist-mujaddid-in-islam/ Islami Mehfil, Concept Of Revivalist (Mujaddid) In Islam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325134037/http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-commentaire-du-hadith-sur-les-mujaddid-shah-waliyu-llah-79827012.html Shah Waliyu Llah about the Mujaddids] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161018210742/http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-l-avis-du-hafiz-adh-dhahabi-sur-les-mujaddidin-des-7-premiers-siecles-98746921.html Al Hafiz Adh Dhahabi about the Mujaddids] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140814213206/http://khilafatbook.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/thebook.pdf Brief Introduction to the Concept of Mujaddidiyyat in Islam] {{in lang|ur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mujaddid}}
[[Category:Mujaddid| ]]