View source for Mulhouse

{{short description|Subprefecture and commune in Grand Est, France}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Mülhausen|Mühlhausen}}
{{Distinguish|Millhouse (disambiguation){{!}}Millhouse|Milhouse Van Houten}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Mulhouse
|commune status         = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image                  = Assemblage mulhouse.jpg
|image size             = 
|native name            = {{native name|gsw-FR|Mìlhüsa}}
|image flag             = DrapeauMulhouse.svg
|image coat of arms     = Coat of Arms of Mulhouse.svg
|caption                = 
|arrondissement         = Mulhouse
|canton                 = [[Canton of Mulhouse-1|Mulhouse-1]], [[Canton of Mulhouse-2|2]] and [[Canton of Mulhouse-3|3]]
|INSEE                  = 68224
|postal code            = 68100, 68200
|mayor                  = [[Michèle Lutz]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|party                  = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|47.75|7.34|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            = 240
|elevation min m        = 232
|elevation max m        = 338
|area km2               = 22.18
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|urban pop              = 246,692 Metro 6,394,037 [[Oberrhein]]
|urban area km2         = 239.1
|urban pop date         = 2017<ref name=uu/> 2021<ref name=uu/>
|dialling code          = 0389, 0369
|website={{official URL}}}}

'''Mulhouse''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|uː|z}} {{respell|mə|LOOZ}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Mulhouse}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|myluz|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Mulhouse.wav}}; {{langx|gsw-FR|Mìlhüsa}} {{IPA|gsw|mɪlˈhyːsa|}}; {{Langx|de|link=no|Mülhausen}} {{IPA|de|myːlˈhaʊzn̩||de-Mülhausen.ogg}}, meaning "[[Mill (grinding)|mill]] house") is a [[France|French]] city of the [[European Collectivity of Alsace]] ([[Haut-Rhin]] department, in the [[Grand Est]] region of France). It is near the [[France–Switzerland border|border with Switzerland]] and [[France–Germany border|Germany]]. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in [[Alsace]] after [[Strasbourg]].

Mulhouse is known for its museums, especially the {{lang|fr|[[Cité de l'Automobile]]}} (also known as the {{lang|fr|Musée national de l'automobile}}, 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the {{lang|fr|[[Cité du Train]]}} (also known as {{lang|fr|Musée Français du Chemin de Fer}}, 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} An industrial town nicknamed "the French [[Manchester]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcsinfo.u-strasbg.fr/article.php?article_id=6088&cPath=2 |title=Le sex appeal industriel de Mulhouse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024234/http://mcsinfo.u-strasbg.fr/article.php?article_id=6088&cPath=2 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |language=fr }}</ref> Mulhouse is also the main seat of the [[Upper Alsace University]], where the secretariat of the [[European Physical Society]] is found.

==Administration==
Mulhouse is a [[Communes of France|commune]] with a population of 108,312 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011070/ensemble.pdf Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019], [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]]</ref> This commune is part of an [[urban unit]] also named Mulhouse with 247,065 inhabitants in 2018.<ref name=uu>{{cite web |title=Unité urbaine 2020 de Mulhouse (68701) |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-68701 |publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] |access-date=21 February 2022 |language=fr |trans-title=Mulhouse metropolitan area}}</ref>

Additionally Mulhouse commune is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the {{lang|fr|[[agglomeration communities in France|communauté d'agglomération]]}} of {{lang|fr|[[Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération]]}} (m2A, population 280,000 in 2020).<ref>{{cite web |title=m2A est composée de 39 communes |url=https://www.mulhouse-alsace.fr/agglo/presentation/communes/ |publisher=Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref>

Mulhouse commune is a [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]], the administrative centre of the [[Arrondissement of Mulhouse]]. It is one of the most populated [[List of subprefectures of France|sub-prefectures in France]].

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Mulhouse|Republic of Mulhouse|2025 Mulhouse stabbing attack}}
[[File:Mulhouse within Alsace 1798 to 1898, obverse.jpg|left|thumb|Mulhouse joining Alsace 100th anniversary medal 1898 by [[Frédéric-Charles-Victor de Vernon|Frédéric Vernon]], obverse]]
[[File:Mulhouse within Alsace 1798 to 1898, reverse.jpg|left|thumb|Reverse of the medal]]
[[File:LASB K Hellwig 1050.jpg|thumb|Forts of Mulhouse 1650]]
In 58 BC a battle took place west of Mulhouse and opposed the Roman army of [[Julius Caesar]] by a coalition of Germanic people led by [[Ariovistus]]. The first written records of the town date from the twelfth century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of [[Sundgau]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. From 1354 to 1515, Mulhouse was part of the [[Zehnstädtebund]], an association of ten [[Free Imperial Cities]] in Alsace. The city joined the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederation]] as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in the [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent [[Calvinist]] republic, known as ''Stadtrepublik Mülhausen'', associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the [[Treaty of Mulhouse]] signed on 28 January 1798, during the [[French Directory|Directory]] period of the [[French Revolution]].

The first textile printing works in Mulhouse were established in 1746 by [[Samuel Koechlin (businessman)|Samuel Koechlin]], Jean-Jacques Schmaltzer, Jean-Henri Dolfus and Jean-Jacques Feer. The textile printing works in the city industrialized in the 19th century and the [[Alsace|Alsace region]] became a global leader in the manufacturing and marketing of printed fabric. Art and craft printed textiles were sold alongside textiles that had been finished in a complex industrial printing process.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.musee-impression.com/en/the-collection/ |title=The collection: The art of printing textile |access-date=2 August 2025 |publisher=Musée de l’Impression sur Etoffes}}</ref> André Koechlin (1789–1875) built machinery and started making railroad equipment in 1842. The firm in 1839 already employed 1,800 people. It was one of the six large French locomotive constructors until the merger with [[Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden]] in 1872, when the company became [[Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques]].<ref>Michael Stephen Smith, ''The emergence of modern business enterprise in France, 1800–1930'' (2006) p. 575.</ref>

After the Prussian victory in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–1871), Mulhouse was annexed to the [[German Empire]] as part of the territory of [[Alsace-Lorraine]] (1871–1918). The city was briefly occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of [[World War I]], but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the [[Battle of Mulhouse]]. French forces then reoccupied the city again on 19 August, before retreating again on 28 August having suffered heavy casualties. Alsatians who celebrated the appearance of the French army were left to face German reprisals, with several citizens sentenced to death. After World War I ended in 1918, French troops entered Alsace, and Germany ceded the region to France under the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. After the [[Battle of France]] in 1940, it was occupied by German forces until its return to French control at the end of [[World War II]] in May 1945.

The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the [[textile industry]] and [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]], and subsequently by [[chemical industry|chemical]] and Engineering industries from the mid 18th century. Mulhouse was for a long time called the French [[Manchester]]. Consequently, the town has enduring links with [[Louisiana]], from which it imported cotton, and also with the [[Levant]]. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.

===2025 Mulhouse stabbing attack===
{{Main|2025 Mulhouse stabbing attack}}
On 22 February 2025, a 69-year-old Portuguese man, [[Lino Sousa Loureiro]], was killed and several police officers were injured in a stabbing attack at a market in the centre of Mulhouse. A 37-year-old Algerian man, Ibrahim Abdessemed, was arrested at the scene and a terrorist inquiry was opened as the suspect reportedly shouted "[[Allahu Akbar]]" when carrying out the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c984enp4480o|title=One dead and police hurt in knife attack in France|date=22 February 2025|work=BBC}}</ref>

==Geography==
Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the [[Doller (river)|Doller]] and the [[Ill (France)|Ill]], both tributaries of the [[Rhine]]. Mulhouse is approximately {{convert|100|km|0|abbr=off}} from [[Strasbourg]] and [[Zürich]]; it is {{convert|350|km|0|abbr=on}} from [[Milan]] and about {{convert|340|km|0|abbr=on}} from [[Frankfurt]]. It is close to [[Basel, Switzerland]] and [[Freiburg]], Germany. It shares the [[EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg|EuroAirport]] international airport with these two cities.<ref name="Mulhouse Geography">{{cite web|title=Mulhouse|url=http://www.tourisme-mulhouse.com/en/mulhouse.html|publisher=Tourist Office****and Conventional Bureau of Mulhouse and its Region|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904181740/http://www.tourisme-mulhouse.com/en/mulhouse.html|archive-date=4 September 2013}}</ref>

===Districts===
Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town.
*The lower town was formerly the inner city district of merchants and craftsmen. It developed around the Place de la Réunion (which commemorates its reunion with France). Nowadays this area is pedestrianised.
*The upper town developed from the eighteenth century on. Previously, several [[monastic order]]s were established there, notably the [[Franciscan]]s, [[Augustinians]], [[Poor Clares]] and [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]].
*The ''Nouveau Quartier'' (New District) is the best example of [[urban planning]] in Mulhouse, and was developed from 1826 on, after the [[town wall]]s had been torn down (as they were in many towns in France). It is focused around the ''Place de la République''. Its network of streets and its triangular shape are a good demonstration of the town's desire for a planned layout. The planning was undertaken by the architects [[G. Stolz]] and [[Félix Fries]]. This inner city district was occupied by rich families and the owners of local industries, who tended to be liberal and republican in their opinions.
*The Rebberg district consists of grand houses inspired by the colonnaded residences of Louisiana cotton planters. Originally, this was the town's [[vineyard]] (the word ''Rebe'' meaning ''[[vine]]'' in German). The houses here were built as [[Terraced house|terrace]]s in the English style, a result of the town's close relationship with [[Manchester]], where the sons of industrialists were often sent to study.

===Climate===
Mulhouse's climate is [[temperate climate|temperate]] [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cfb), but its location further away from the ocean gives the city colder winters with some snow, and often hot and humid summers, in comparison with the rest of France.

{{Weather box
|collapsed= Y
|location = Mulhouse (1991–2020 averages)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 18.8
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 26.2
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 33.0
|Jun record high C = 37.0
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 39.1
|Sep record high C = 33.7
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 23.4
|Dec record high C = 19.9
|year record high C = 39.1
|Jan high C = 5.5
|Feb high C = 7.4
|Mar high C = 12.1
|Apr high C = 16.5
|May high C = 20.4
|Jun high C = 24.2
|Jul high C = 26.4
|Aug high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.0
|Nov high C = 9.7
|Dec high C = 6.1
|year high C = 16.0
|Jan mean C = 2.3
|Feb mean C = 3.4
|Mar mean C = 7.0
|Apr mean C = 10.7
|May mean C = 14.8
|Jun mean C = 18.5
|Jul mean C = 20.3
|Aug mean C = 20.0
|Sep mean C = 15.8
|Oct mean C = 11.4
|Nov mean C = 6.2
|Dec mean C = 3.1
|year mean C = 11.1
|Jan low C = -0.8
|Feb low C = -0.6
|Mar low C = 1.9
|Apr low C = 4.9
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 12.7
|Jul low C = 14.2
|Aug low C = 14.0
|Sep low C = 10.2
|Oct low C = 6.9
|Nov low C = 2.8
|Dec low C = 0.1
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan record low C = -23.5
|Feb record low C = -22.8
|Mar record low C = -16.4
|Apr record low C = -6.3
|May record low C = -3.1
|Jun record low C = 1.8
|Jul record low C = 5.1
|Aug record low C = 3.4
|Sep record low C = -0.9
|Oct record low C = -6.3
|Nov record low C = -12.6
|Dec record low C = -18.7
|year record low C = -23.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 46.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 43.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 47.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 57.6
|May precipitation mm = 86.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 74.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 72.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 80.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 63.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 68.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 60.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 63.4
|year precipitation mm = 764.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.1
|Feb precipitation days = 8.6
|Mar precipitation days = 9.1
|Apr precipitation days = 9.4
|May precipitation days = 11.2
|Jun precipitation days = 10.0
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1
|Aug precipitation days = 10.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.0
|Oct precipitation days = 10.5
|Nov precipitation days = 10.0
|Dec precipitation days = 10.7
|year precipitation days = 117.8
|Jan sun = 68.4
|Feb sun = 91.2
|Mar sun = 145.6
|Apr sun = 181.1
|May sun = 201.9
|Jun sun = 228.2
|Jul sun = 247.5
|Aug sun = 233.8
|Sep sun = 168.4
|Oct sun = 120.9
|Nov sun = 70.2
|Dec sun = 62.1
|year sun = 1819.1
|source = [[Meteociel]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Normals and records for Basel-Mulhouse (68) |url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=68297001&normes=2020 |publisher=[[Meteociel]]|language=fr|access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref>
}}

{{Clear}}
{{Meteo France
|Town=Mulhouse
|Sunshine= 1,783.8
|Rain=772.1
|Snow=32.5
|Storm=33.2
|Fog=54.9<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lameteo.org/index.php/12-climatologie/1637-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-mulhouse|title=Normales climatiques 1981-2010 : Mulhouse|website=www.lameteo.org|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Population==

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Mulhouse proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Mulhouse absorbed the former commune of Dornach in 1914 and [[Bourtzwiller]] in 1947.<ref name=ehess/>

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|24395|Mulhouse}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-68224#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |3763
|1800 |3879
|1806 |3950
|1821 |3006
|1831 |3314
|1836 |3546
|1841 |3718
|1846 |3620
|1851 |3810
|1856 |4311
|1861 |6871
|1866 |9235
|1871 |12295
|1875 |13607
|1880 |18693
|1885 |21541
|1890 |23986
|1895 |27087
|1900 |31773
|1905 |35904
|1910 |43217
|1921 |51026
|1926 |58521
|1931 |70450
|1936 |71803
|1946 |69838
|1954 |76252
|1962 |92207
|1968 |95698
|1975 |96587
|1982 |93368
|1990 |94754
|1999 |90674
|2007 |102097
|2012 |103520
|2017 |109897
}}

==Main sights==
[[File:Marche-noel-mulhouse.jpg|thumb|Christmas market in Mulhouse]]
[[File:Societe Industielle in Mulhouse.JPG|thumb|Société Industrielle building]]
[[File:Templeplacereunion.jpg|thumb|[[Temple Saint-Étienne]] on the Place de la Réunion]]
[[File:Mulhouse - Town hall.jpg|thumb|[[Hôtel de Ville, Mulhouse|Hôtel de Ville]] (Rothüs in [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]])]]
* [[Hôtel de Ville, Mulhouse|Hôtel de Ville]] (1552). The town hall was built in 1553 in the [[Rhenish]] [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance style]]. [[Montaigne]] described it as a "palais magnifique et tout doré" ("splendid golden palace") in 1580. It is known for its ''[[trompe-l'œil]]'' paintings, and its pictures of [[allegory|allegories]] representing the vices and virtues.
* Workers' quarter (mid 19th century), inspired workers' quarters in many other industrial towns.<ref name="Patrimone">Scheurer, Marie-Philippe; Lehni, Roger; Menninger, Claude: ''Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin − Images du Patrimoine'', Le Verger, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, 1990, {{ISBN|2-908367-18-1}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
* ''Place de la Bourse'' and the building of the ''Société Industrielle de Mulhouse'', in the ''Nouveau Quartier'' (19th century)
* [[Cité de l'Automobile]] (featuring the Schlumpf collection)
* [[Cité du Train]] successor to Musée Français du Chemin de Fer (French National Railway Museum)
* Museum of Electricity (Electropolis)
* ''[[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Mulhouse|Musée des Beaux-Arts]]'' (Fine Arts Museum)
* ''[[Musée historique de Mulhouse|Musée historique]]'' (History Museum, located in the Hôtel de Ville)
* Museum of Printed Textiles (''Musée de l'impression sur étoffes'')
* The ''[[Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse]]'' ([[botanical garden]] and [[zoo]])
* [[Temple Saint-Étienne|Saint-Steffen Calvinist temple]] (1859–1869), by [[Jean-Baptiste Schacre]]
* Miscellaneous [[Street art]] works all around the town, amongst them a picture of [[Milhouse van Houten]] from ''[[The Simpsons]]'' as his name is pronounced similarly to Mulhouse in the [[Non-English versions of The Simpsons#French|French-dubbed version]].

==Principal economic activities==
[[File:Mulhouse economy-main areas.png|thumb|Main commercial areas]]
[[File:UHA-La Fonderie (1).jpg|thumb|Campus "La Fonderie" of the [[Upper Alsace University]]]]

As early as the mid-19th century, Mulhouse was known as "the industrial capital of Alsace", the "city with a hundred chimneys" (''cité aux cent cheminées'') and "the French Manchester".<ref name="Patrimone"/>

* [[Automobile industry]] ([[PSA Mulhouse Plant|Peugeot's Mulhouse factory]] is the largest employer in Alsace)
* Chemical industry (ICMD)
* [[Electronics]] (Clemessy)
* Engineering (SACM – Wärtsilä)

Between 1909 and 1914 there was an aircraft manufacturer, [[Aviatik]], in Mulhouse.<ref>Grosz, Peter M. (1997). ''Aviatik C.I''. Berkhamsted: Albatros Productions. Windsock Datafile No. 63. {{ISBN|0-948414-95-2}}. p. 1.</ref>

== Education ==
The [[École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse]], the first school of Chemistry in France, is located in the city.<ref>[https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/grand-est/haut-rhin/mulhouse/a-mulhouse-la-plus-ancienne-ecole-de-chimie-de-france-fete-son-bicentenaire-en-2022-2466130.html A Mulhouse, la plus ancienne école de chimie de France fête son bicentenaire en 2022]</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Tramway Mulhouse DSC 0061.JPG|thumb|Tram in Mulhouse]]

===Air===
Mulhouse is served by [[EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg]], located {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}} south of the town.

===Rail===
[[Gare de Mulhouse]] is well connected with the rest of France by train, including major destinations such as Paris, [[Dijon]], [[Besançon]], [[Belfort]], [[Strasbourg]], [[Lyon]], [[Marseille]], [[Montpellier]] and [[Lille]]. Some trains operate to destinations in [[Switzerland]], in particular proximity [[Basel]], [[Bern]] and [[Zürich]]. There is also a train service to [[Frankfurt am Main]] in Germany, and a [[Eurocity]] service that connects [[Brussels]], [[Luxembourg]], Strasbourg and Basel calls at Mulhouse.

Regional services connect Mulhouse to [[Colmar]], Strasbourg, Basel, [[Belfort]], [[Kruth]] and [[Freiburg im Breisgau]].

===Urban transport===
Transport within Mulhouse is provided by [[Soléa]] and comprises a network of buses together with the [[Mulhouse tramway|city's tram network]], which opened on 13 May 2006. The tramway now consists of three tram lines and one tram-train line.

* Line 2 from Nouveau Bassin to Coteaux
* Line 1 from [[Gare de Mulhouse|Gare Centrale]] to Châtaignier
* Line 3 from [[Gare de Mulhouse|Gare Centrale]] to [[Lutterbach]]
* Tram-train line from [[Gare de Mulhouse|Gare Centrale]] to [[Thann, Haut-Rhin|Thann]] via Lutterbach

===Road===
Motorway [[A36 autoroute|A36]] is the main axis connecting the city with the west of the country, to cities such as [[Dijon]], Paris and [[Lyon]]. The [[A35 autoroute|A35]] is the main north–south axis, connecting cities such as [[Strasbourg]] and [[Basel]].

== Sports ==
Mulhouse is one of the nation's hubs for women's volleyball. [[ASPTT Mulhouse]] won multiple titles at the [[LNV Ligue A Féminine|National level]]. The team plays its home games at the Palais des Sports.

Additionally, [[FC Mulhouse Basket]] is based in Mulhouse.

== People==
Mulhouse was the birthplace of:
* [[Maurice Achener]] (1881–1963), French illustrator, painter, and print maker
* [[Jean de Beaugrand]] (1584–1640), [[lineographer]] and mathematician
* {{ill|Serge Blenner|de|Serge Blenner}} (born 1955), composer and synthesist
* [[Bernard Bloch (actor)|Bernard Bloch]] (born 1949), actor and director
* [[Jean Brenner]] (1937–2009), painter
* [[Karl Brandt (Nazi physician)|Karl Brandt]] (1904–1948), German Nazi personal physician to [[Adolf Hitler]] and head administrator of the [[T-4 Euthanasia Program]], executed for war crimes
* [[David Cage]] (born 1969), French [[game designer|video game designer]], writer and musician. Born in Mulhouse, Cage was the first game developer to receive the [[Legion of Honour]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/quantic-dream-founder-david-cage-awarded-france-s-highest-decoration|title=Quantic Dream founder David Cage awarded France's highest decoration|last=Rose|first=Mike|date=17 February 2014|work=[[Gamasutra]]|publisher=Think Services|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> the highest decoration granted in France.<ref name="legion">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/beyond-two-souls-david-cage-first-game-developer-to-receive-france-s-highest-honor/1100-6417793/|title=Beyond: Two Souls' David Cage first game developer to receive France's highest honor|first=Emanuel|last=Maiberg|date=16 February 2014|publisher=Gamespot|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Pierre Chambon]] (born 1931), [[biologist]]
* [[Cléopatre Darleux]] (born 1989), [[handball]] goalkeeper
* [[Mireille Delunsch]] (born 1962), [[soprano]]
* [[Tom Dillmann]] (born 1989), racing driver
* [[Artur Dinter]] (1876–1948), writer and [[Nazism|Nazi]] politician
* [[Dorian Diring]] (born 1992), footballer
* [[Adrien Dollfus]] (1858–1921), French zoologist and [[carcinologist]]
* [[Jean Dollfus]] (1800–1887), French industrialist 
* [[Jean Dorst]] (1924–2001), ornithologist
* [[Alfred Dreyfus]] (1859–1935), [[military of France|French military]] officer best known for being the focus of the [[Dreyfus affair]]
* [[Huguette Dreyfus]] (1928–2016), harpsichordist
* [[Léon Ehrhart]] (1854–1875), composer
* [[Yann Ehrlacher]] (born 1996), racing driver
* [[Nusch Éluard]] (1906–1946), performer, model and surrealist artist
* [[François Florent]] (born François Eichholtzer, 1937), actor, founder of the [[Cours Florent]]
* [[Georges Friedel]] (1865–1933), mineralogist, son of [[Charles Friedel]]
* [[Charles Frédéric Girard]] (1822–1895), [[biologist]] specializing on [[ichthyology]] and [[herpetology]]
* [[Pierre Haffner]] (1718–1760), film critic
* [[Jean-Gaspard Heilmann]] (1718–1760), painter
* {{ill|Jean-Jacques Heilmann|fr|Jean-Jacques Heilmann (photographe)}} (1822–1859), photographer
* {{ill|Friedrich Janz|de|Friedrich Janz}} (1898–1964), diplomat
* [[Daniel Jelensperger]] (1799–1831), musicologist
* [[Katia and Maurice Krafft]], volcanologists
* [[Johann Heinrich Lambert]] (1728–1777), mathematician, [[physicist]] and [[astronomer]]
* [[Joffrey Lauvergne]] (born 1991), basketball player
* [[Friedrich Wilhelm Levi]] (1888–1966), mathematician
* [[François Loeser]] (born 1958), mathematician
* [[Paul Meyer (clarinetist)|Paul Meyer]] (born 1965), [[clarinetist]]
* [[Hervé Milazzo]] (born 1975), professional footballer
* [[Véronique North-Minca]] (born 1953), diplomat
* [[Thierry Omeyer]] (born 1976), [[Team handball|handball]] goalkeeper
* [[Marc Pfertzel]] (born 1981), [[Association football|football]] player
* [[Rémy Pflimlin]] (1954–2016), CEO of [[France Télévisions]] from 2010 to 2015<ref>{{cite news|last1=Delcambre|first1=Alexis|title=Rémy Pflimlin, ancien président de France Télévisions, est mort|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2016/12/03/remy-pflimlin-ancien-president-de-france-televisions-est-mort_5042944_3382.html|access-date=4 December 2016|work=Le Monde|date=3 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Pierre Probst]] (1913–2007), comic and children book artist
* [[Napoléon Henri Reber]] (1807–1880), composer
* [[John Loretz]] (1840–1908), organist and composer
* [[Claire Roman]] (1906–1941), [[French Air Force]] pilot in [[World War II]]
* [[Daniel Roth (organist)|Daniel Roth]] (born 1942), organist, composer and pedagogue
* [[Franz Eugen Schlachter]] (1859–1911), revivalist preacher, classical scholar, and translator of the [[Schlachter Bible]]
* [[Christiane Scrivener]] (born 1925), EU-Commissioner
* [[Daniel Schlumberger]] (1904–1972), archaeologist and professor of [[Near Eastern Archaeology]] at the [[University of Strasbourg]] and later [[Princeton University]]
* {{ill|Françoise Urban-Menninger|fr|Françoise Urban-Menninger}} (born 1953), writer
* [[Jean Schlumberger (jewelry designer)|Jean Schlumberger]] (1907–1987), jewelry designer at [[Tiffany & Co]]
* [[René Schützenberger]] (1860–1916), painter
* [[Jules Siegfried]] born Mulhouse in 1837, industrialist and politician, French Minister of Commerce 1892–3
* [[Rémy Stricker]] (1936–2019), musicologist
* [[Frank Ténot]] (1925–2004), press agent, [['Pataphysics|pataphysician]] and [[jazz]] critic
* [[Philippe Tondre]] (born 1989), oboist
* [[Thomas Trauttmann]] (born 1991), basketball player
* [[Vitaa]] (born 1983), singer
* [[Pierre Weiss]] (1865–1940), physicist
* [[Alfred Werner]] (1866–1919), [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] 1913
* [[Jules Auguste Wiernsberger]] (1857–1925), composer and conductor
* {{ill|Paul Wolff (photographer)|lt=Paul Wolff|de|Paul Wolff}} (1887–1951), photographer
* [[Robert Wyler]] (1900–1971), film producer
* [[William Wyler]] (1902–1981), award-winning motion picture director
* [[Jean-Marc Savelli]] (born at Mulhouse in 1955), a [[virtuoso]] concert pianist
* [[Antar Yahia]] (born 1982), football player
* [[Georges Zipélius]] (1808–1890), illustrator

Other residents include:

* [[Adolphe Braun]] (1812–1877), photographer
* [[Alfred de Glehn]] (1848–1936), designer of steam locomotives
* [[Armando Thiriet Koenig]] (1882–1956), industrial engineer, Director of AEG Madrid in 1919, established an AEG subsidiary in Seville in the early 1920s

==Twin towns—sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Mulhouse is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumelages Europe et Asie|url=https://www.mulhouse.fr/ma-mairie/relations-internationales-et-cooperation-transfrontaliere/jumelages-europe-asie/|website=mulhouse.fr|publisher=Mulhouse|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Metropolitan Borough of Walsall|Walsall]], England, since 1953
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Antwerp]], Belgium, since 1956
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kassel]], Germany, since 1965
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bergamo]], Italy, since 1989
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Chemnitz]], Germany, since 1990
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Giv'atayim]], Israel, since 1991
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Timișoara]], Romania, since 1991
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Jining]], China, since 1996
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
*[[Dornach (Mulhouse)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Mulhouse#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Mulhouse}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mulhouse}}
*{{wikisource-inline|list=
**{{cite NSRW|wstitle=Mülhausen|short=x |noicon=y}}
**{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Mülhausen|volume=18 |page=960|short=x|noicon=y}}
}}
* {{Official website|www.ville-mulhouse.fr}} {{in lang|fr|de}}
* [http://www.tourisme-mulhouse.com/en Official website of the Tourist Office of Mulhouse and its region]
* [http://www.congres-mulhouse.com/en Official website of the Convention Bureau of Mulhouse and its region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126103025/http://www.congres-mulhouse.com/en/ |date=26 November 2011 }}
* [http://lefuretmulhousien.fr The Mulhousian Ferret: High Resolution Video Guide of Mulhouse] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.mulhousebienvenue.com MulhouseBienvenue.com City Guide Town of Mulhouse] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702082812/http://www.musee-impression.com/gb/default.html Museum of Printed Textiles]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090316133445/http://www.draemmli.info/report-tramtrain_e.html TramTrain website]}} {{in lang|de}}

{{Décapole}}
{{Cities in France}}
{{Haut-Rhin communes}}
{{Portal bar|France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mulhouse| ]]
[[Category:Cities in France]]
[[Category:Communes of Haut-Rhin]]
[[Category:Décapole]]
[[Category:Associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy]]
[[Category:Free imperial cities]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]