View source for Murder hole

{{Short description|Hole in the ceiling of a gateway or passageway}}
{{Redirect|Meurtrière|the 2006 French film|Meurtrières}}
{{for|the feudal execution site|Drowning pit}}
[[File:Bodiam murder holes.jpg|thumb|Murder holes at [[Bodiam Castle]]]]

A '''murder hole''' or '''meurtrière''' is a hole in the ceiling of a gateway or passageway in a fortification through which the defenders could shoot, throw or pour harmful substances or objects such as rocks, arrows, scalding water, hot sand, [[Calcium oxide|quicklime]], or [[boiling oil]], down on attackers. Boiling oil was rarely used because of its cost.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Atzbach |first=Rainer |date=2015 |title=Castles at War |url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/162355026/Castles_At_War.pdf#page=119 |journal=The Danish Castle Research Association |pages=120–130}}</ref> 
==Murder holes and machicolations==
Similar holes, called [[machicolation]]s, were often located in the [[Curtain wall (fortification)|curtain walls]] of [[castle]]s, [[manor house|fortified manor houses]], and [[city wall]]s. The [[parapet]] would project over [[corbel]]s so that holes would be located over the exterior face of the wall, allowing the defenders to target attackers at the base of the wall. The primary difference between these two features is in their location. Murder holes were located on the interiors of castles and other fortified buildings at the entranceway. Their supposed intention was to discourage (or kill) invaders once they had breached the walls, though it has been suggested that they may have in some cases also facilitated more prosaic activities, such as communication between levels.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} For example, the murder hole at [[Audley's Castle]] in County Down, Northern Ireland is located not over the main threshold, but over the entry way to an interior room.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
==Location==
In [[tower house]]s, often considered [[etiology|aetiologically]] to be small castles, the most common location for these features is located over the lobby, the effective equivalent of locating them over a [[gatehouse]] in a true castle. It bears note that most, if not all, murder holes have only a restricted view of the lobbies below, supporting the idea that other uses may have been common.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} However, murder holes have been described in a variety of areas within fortified buildings, and there is no completely reliable formula for their placement. The murder hole in [[Tully Castle]], County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland is located in the central portion of the first floor of the house, west of a [[cross-wall]] and piercing the vault of the lower chamber.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Waterman |first1=D. M. |title=Tully Castle, Co., Fermanagh |journal=Ulster Journal of Archaeology |volume=22 |pages=123–126 |jstor=20567540 |year=1959 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Murder Hole at Tully |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g190795-d190043-i135888065-Tully_Castle-Enniskillen_County_Fermanagh_Northern_Ireland.html |website=TripAdvisor}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arrowslit|Arrow slit]] 
* [[Bretèche]]
* [[Hoarding (castles)|Hoarding]]
* [[Merlon]]
* Quenching hole in e.g. [[Boghead (bastle)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fortifications}}

[[Category:Castle architecture]]
[[Category:Ceilings]]
[[Category:Holes]]


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