View source for Museum of Jewish Heritage

{{Short description|Museum in Manhattan, New York}}
{{About|the museum in Battery Park City in Lower Manhattan|the museum on Fifth Avenue in Upper Manhattan|Jewish Museum (Manhattan)||List of Jewish museums}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox museum
| name            = Museum of Jewish Heritage
| image           = Museum of Jewish Heritage 005.JPG
| caption         = Aerial view of the Museum of Jewish Heritage
| imagesize       = 250
| map_type        =
| map_size        =
| map_caption     = Location within Manhattan
| established     = 1997
| location        = [[Edmond Safra|Edmond J. Safra Plaza]], 36 Battery Place, [[Manhattan|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]], 10280
| architect       = [[Roche-Dinkeloo]]
| coordinates     = {{coord|40.70621|-74.01875|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| type            = [[Holocaust]]/[[Jewish]] [[museum]]
| visitors        =
| director        = Jack Kliger, President & CEO
| curator         =
| publictransit   = [[New York City Bus|Bus]]: {{NYC bus link|M15|M15 SBS|M20|M55}} to South Ferry, {{NYC bus link|M9}} to Battery Park City<br>[[New York City Subway|Subway]]: <br>{{NYCS trains|Lexington south|time=bullets}} at [[Bowling Green (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Bowling Green]]<br>{{NYCS trains|South Ferry|time=bullets}} at [[South Ferry/Whitehall Street (New York City Subway)|South Ferry/Whitehall Street]]
| website         = {{URL|https://mjhnyc.org/}}
| logo            = Museum of Jewish Heritage Logo.jpg
| former_name     =
}}
The '''Museum of Jewish Heritage''', located on [[Edmond Safra|Edmond J. Safra Plaza]] in [[Battery Park City]] in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], is a [[historical museum]] and a memorial to those murdered in [[The Holocaust]]. The museum has received more than two million visitors since opening in 1997. The mission statement of the museum is "to educate people of all ages and backgrounds about the broad tapestry of Jewish life in the 20th and 21st centuries—before, during, and after the Holocaust."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.mjhnyc.org/about_f.html|title = About: MJHNYC|publisher = Museum of Jewish Heritage|access-date = May 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150519050127/http://www.mjhnyc.org/about_f.html|archive-date = May 19, 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref>

The museum's building includes two wings: a six-sided building with a pyramid-shaped roof designed to evoke the memory of the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust, and the Robert M. Morgenthau Wing. The six-sided building, opened in 1997, contains the museum's core exhibition galleries. The Morgenthau Wing, opened in 2003, contains the museum's offices, theater, and classrooms, as well as the Irving Schneider and Family exhibition gallery. Both wings were designed by [[Roche-Dinkeloo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum of Jewish Heritage {{!}} A Living Memorial to the Holocaust |url=http://www.krjda.com/Sites/JewishHeritageInfo1.html |website=Roche Dinkeloo |access-date=February 24, 2021}}</ref>

==History==
{{See also|Jews in New York City}}
[[File:Museum of Jewish Heritage 004.JPG|thumb|The pagoda-like structure of the museum]]
The Museum of Jewish Heritage was incorporated and chartered in 1984, dedicated in 1986, and built between 1994 and 1997 in New York City's Battery Park City. The museum's $21.5 million building, designed by architect [[Kevin Roche]] opened to the public on September 15, 1997.<ref>{{cite enc-nyc2|page=868}}</ref> [[David Altshuler (curator)|David Altshuler]] was the founding director of the museum, a position he held from 1984 until December 1999, when he left to become president of the Trust for Jewish Philanthropy.<ref name="NewYork">{{cite news |title=After 13 Years of Uncertainty, Holocaust Museum to Rise in New York |url=https://www.jta.org/1994/08/24/archive/after-13-years-of-uncertainty-holocaust-museum-to-rise-in-new-york |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |last=Birnbaum |first=Susan |date=August 24, 1994}}</ref><ref name="BlumenthalDirector">{{cite news |last1=Blumenthal |first1=Robert |title=Museum of Jewish Heritage Names New Director |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/08/arts/museum-of-jewish-heritage-names-new-director.html |access-date=July 21, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=December 8, 2000}}</ref> Dr. [[Jud Newborn]] (PhD, University of Chicago) served as the museum's founding historian from 1986 to 2000, recruited to use his expertise as a sociocultural anthropologist and Holocaust historian to help shape the parameters and content of the museum's core exhibition as well as seek and interpret artifacts. 

Between 1946 and the 1960s, government officials lacked interest in building the museum until the American Jewish Community expressed interest and made an intervention for the museum creation;<ref name="auto">{{cite book |author-link=Rochelle Saidel |author=Saidel, Rochelle G. |title=Never Too Late to Remember: The Politics behind New York City's Holocaust Museum |location=New York |publisher=Holmes & Meier |year=1996 |isbn=9780841913677}}</ref>{{rp|5}} the American Jewish Community's interest was catalyzed by the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|24}} The intervention also contributed to the building process delay.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|5}}

U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]], with the support of Mayor [[Ed Koch]], proposed placing the national memorial in New York City instead of [[Washington, D.C.]], but it was ruled out.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|15}} Koch's appointment of a Task Force on [[the Holocaust]] in 1981 was crucial. The Task Force, "which evolved in 1982 to the New York Holocaust Commission,"<ref name="auto1">[Mais, Yitzchak. "Museum of Jewish Heritage: A Living Memorial to the Holocaust (MJH: ALMTTH)." Encyclopaedia Judaica, edited by Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik, 2nd ed., vol. 14, Macmillan Reference USA, 2007]</ref> recommended the creation of a museum. Carter, in 1978, created the President's Commission which placed the issue on the US government's agenda.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|25}} The agenda remained present until it became a reality in President [[Bill Clinton]]'s term on 1993.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|26}}

Before the museum became a realization, there were crises in the economy and various political events that slowed down the museum creation. Political events included debates based on the structure, location, and even other priorities such as a funding crisis.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|5}} One of the co-chairman wanted to "personalize" the museum building.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|5}} The museum's site, originally proposed to be located within the [[Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House]], was relocated to [[Battery Park City]] in 1986.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|144}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oreskes|first=Michael|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/05/nyregion/battery-park-city-offers-holocaust-museum-a-site.html|title=Battery Park City Offers Holocaust Museum a Site|date=April 5, 1985|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 19, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The funding crisis was when "[[Black Monday (1987)|Black Monday]]", which occurred on October 19, 1987, "wiped out" funds of potential donors for the museum as well as dropped real estate prices.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|6}}

Initially, Koch's administration and co-chairmen George Klein were going to obtain the Custom House for the museum. In 1985 Governor [[Mario Cuomo]]'s broker negotiated site change to Battery Park City. Klein and other leaders were enthusiastic about the change since they wanted to create the best museum for the least price. Many plans for the Museum of Jewish Heritage was submitted but they were rejected by City's planning authorities.<ref name="auto"/>{{rp|144}}

In 1990, the museum merged with the [[Center for Holocaust Studies, Documentation and Research|Center for Holocaust Studies]] in Brooklyn. Architect Kevin Roche begin designing the museum in 1993. In the same year, Howard J. Rubinstein also joined the museum's board.

The New York City Holocaust Memorial Commission, established in 1982, was reincorporated in 1986 as the New York Holocaust Memorial Commission, with Governor Cuomo and Mayor Koch, as well as Klein, [[Robert M. Morgenthau]] and Manfred Ohrenstein and Peter Cohen as chairmen of its board.

[[File:Museum of jewish heritage.jpg|thumb|The museum's [[Robert M. Morgenthau]] wing]]
The final, approved plans were brought to fruition in 1997 with the museum's opening with David Altshuler as Executive Director. [[David Marwell]] replaced David Altshuler as Executive Director in 2000, and guided its subsequent expansion.<ref name="auto1"/> In 2003, the dedication of the Robert M. Morgenthau wing included auditoria, classrooms, conference center, and a temporary exhibition space.

At an event held at the Museum of Jewish Heritage on January 29, 2017, [[Elisha Wiesel]] suggested that protesting against [[Executive Order 13769]] ("Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States") was part of his father [[Elie Wiesel]]'s legacy.<ref name="bloomberggordon">{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Amanda L.|title=Elisha Wiesel Reflects on Immigrant Ban and Father's Legacy|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-30/elisha-wiesel-reflects-on-immigrant-ban-and-father-s-legacy|access-date=April 19, 2017|work=Bloomberg|date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Museum of Jewish Heritage panoramic.jpg|thumb|Outside view of the museum]]
From 1997 until 2019, the museum had a Core Exhibition which told the story of 20th and 21st century Jewish life from the perspective of those who lived it. Through a rotating collection that included artifacts, photographs, and documentary films, the Core Exhibition placed the Holocaust in the larger context of modern Jewish history. It was organized into three chronological sections: ''Jewish Life A Century Ago'', ''The War Against the Jews'', and ''Jewish Renewal''—each told on a separate floor. It was housed in the museum's six-sided building, symbolic of the six points of the [[Star of David]] and the six million [[Jews]] murdered in the Holocaust.

The original core exhibition was redesigned, opening in June 2022. Although the earlier exhibition provided a comprehensive treatment of the rise of Nazis and the Holocaust on its second floor, the visitors' introduction to the museum was altered.  A rotunda at the entrance, with a multimedia exhibition describing the differences of Jewish communities around the world as well as the commonality of Jewish culture, religious observance and values, was replaced by an exhibition wall focusing on April, 1943, when a confluence of key events in Holocaust history occurred. Other design changes eliminated the chronological approach as well as the basic museum path, reducing the context of the Holocaust in terms of Jewish history in favor of an emphasis on the Holocaust itself. Instead of visitors moving along the perimeters of the building, viewing a timeline with artifacts and then interacting chronologically with thematic rooms opposite the timeline, the viewer was given a path through a series of rooms organized by theme and making greater use of photographic enlargements and fewer artifacts. A technological innovation was the use of interactive holographs of survivors, programmed to answer the most likely questions visitors' might have.

On the morning of January 8, 2021, a [[Modern display of the Confederate battle flag|Confederate flag]] was tied to the front door of the museum, less than two days after the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]] by a pro-[[Donald Trump]] mob, some of whom carried Confederate flags into the Capitol building. The discovery of the flag prompted the filing of an aggravated harassment complaint.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Emily|last2=Katersky|first2=Aaron|date=January 8, 2021|title=Confederate flag tied to door of Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/confederate-flag-tied-door-museum-jewish-heritage-york/story?id=75139065|access-date=January 9, 2021}}</ref>

In August 2022 [[Inna Vernikov]] withdrew her $5,000 donation to the museum for allegedly banning [[Florida]] governor [[Ron DeSantis]] from their events, though the museum denied banning anyone.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-nyc-politician-pulls-donation-to-holocaust-museum-over-alleged-desantis-snub/|title=Jewish NYC politician pulls donation to Holocaust museum over alleged DeSantis snub|first=Luke|last=Tress|date=May 10, 2022|website=[[The Times of Israel]] |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>

==Exhibitions and Installations==

The museum's collection contains more than 30,000 objects relating to Jewish history and The Holocaust.<ref>{{cite web |title=Collections |url=https://mjhnyc.org/collections/ |website=Museum of Jewish Heritage |access-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> These objects are used in a variety of exhibitions and installations.

===''Auschwitz. Not long ago. Not far away''===
This special exhibition opened in May 2019 and ran until August 30, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the exhibition Auschwitz. Not long ago. Not far away. |url=https://mjhnyc.org/discover-the-exhibition/about-the-exhibition/ |website=Museum of Jewish Heritage — A Living Memorial to the Holocaust |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>

===''Ordinary Treasures: Highlights From The Museum Of Jewish Heritage Collection''===
This exhibition features drawings and everyday items, many of which were donated by the relatives of the original owners. The exhibition shows some aspects of daily life for European Jews under Nazi rule.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordinary Treasures: Highlights from the Museum of Jewish Heritage Collection |url=https://mjhnyc.org/exhibitions/ordinary-treasures-highlights-from-the-museum-of-jewish-heritage-collection/ |website=Museum of Jewish Heritage |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>

===Andy Goldsworthy's ''Garden of Stones''===
[[Andy Goldsworthy]]'s living memorial garden, his first permanent commission in New York City, opened to the public on September 17, 2003. An eloquent garden plan of trees growing from stone, the garden was planted by the artist, [[Holocaust survivors]], and their families. This contemplative space, meant to be revisited and experienced differently over time as the garden matures, is visible from almost every floor of the museum.

===Gerda III===
[[Gerda III]] was a Danish rescue boat used in 1943 to save Jewish refugees by transporting then from Denmark to Sweden. The boat was donated to the museum by the Danish Parliament in 1997 and is on long-term loan to [[Mystic Seaport]]. The vessel's history is captured in the book ''Henny and Her Boat: Righteousness and Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Denmark''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Veisz |first1=Howard |title=Henny and Her Boat: Righteousness and Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Denmark |date=2017 |location=North Charleston}}</ref>

===Edmond J. Safra Hall===
In the 375-seat Edmond J. Safra Hall, the museum offers a schedule of films, concerts, and panel discussions throughout the year. Past programs have included symposia on the Holocaust, interfaith dialogues, and concerts featuring established and emerging artists.

Over the last few years, the museum has held a day-long symposium on [[Darfur]] with policy makers and leaders on human rights; presented performers such as [[Idan Raichel]] and [[David Strathairn]]; hosted film screenings with actors and directors such as [[Kirk Douglas]], [[John Turturro]], [[Quentin Tarantino]], [[Claude Lanzmann]], and [[Ed Zwick]]; explored Justice after the Holocaust with experts like [[Alan Dershowitz]]; and hosted the revival of a Yiddish operetta, ''[[Die Goldene Kale]]''.

=== ''Rendering Witness: Holocaust-Era Art as Testimony'' ===
This exhibition "features art made during and immediately after the Holocaust by those who lived it," including art made by prisoners in concentration camps and American liberators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mjhnyc.org/exhibitions/rendering-witness-holocaust-era-art-as-testimony/|title=MJH Exhibition: Rendering Witness: Holocaust-Era Art as Testimony|website=Museum of Jewish Heritage — A Living Memorial to the Holocaust|language=en-US|access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> The exhibit is intended to showcase the Holocaust as people saw it during the time. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jewishlink.news/community-news/35886-museum-of-jewish-heritage-debuts-holocaust-era-victims-art|title=Museum of Jewish Heritage Debuts Holocaust-Era Victims' Art|last=Berger|first=Judy|date=January 23, 2020|work=JewishLink|language=en-gb|access-date=December 24, 2022}}</ref>

==Affiliates==

===JewishGen===
[[JewishGen]] is the leading internet site for Jewish genealogy and provides free online access to a vast collection of Jewish ancestral records. JewishGen and the museum affiliated in 2003. JewishGen features over 22 million records (including family trees containing 7 million individuals, 3 million burial records, and 2.75 million Holocaust records), hundreds of translated [[Yizkor Books]], research tools, a family finder, educational classes, and many other constantly updated resources.

===Auschwitz Jewish Center===
[[File:Galeria Pamięć w Muzeum Żydowskim w Oświęcimiu (02).jpg|thumb|Memorial gallery at the [[Auschwitz Jewish Center in Oświęcim|Auschwitz Jewish Center]]]]
In addition to the New York campus, the museum has also been affiliated with the [[Auschwitz Jewish Center in Oświęcim|Auschwitz Jewish Center]] in [[Oświęcim]], [[Poland]], since 2006.

Before the [[invasion of Poland]] and later [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupation of Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany]] Oświęcim (renamed [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] by the Nazis) was just an ordinary Polish town. The majority of its citizens were [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish]]. Following the end of the [[World War II]] Auschwitz became the ultimate symbol of the Holocaust. In September 2000, the Auschwitz Jewish Center opened its doors to honor the former residents of the town and to teach future generations about what was lost. Located less than {{convert|2|mi|km}} from Auschwitz-Birkenau, it is the only remaining Jewish presence in the town.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

[[File:Kadeci z akademii wojskowych w USA podczas zwiedzania Muzeum Żydowskiego w Oświęcimiu.jpg|thumb|US cadets visiting the AJC in Oświęcim]]
The AJC's mission is also to provide all visitors with an opportunity to memorialize victims of the Holocaust through the study of the life and culture of a formerly Jewish town and to offer educational programs that allow new generations to explore the meaning and contemporary implications of the Holocaust. The Center provides regularly scheduled exhibitions and educational programs. The United States Service Academy Program takes cadets and midshipmen to Poland for a three-week trip to learn from survivors, scholars, and historians. The Auschwitz Jewish Center Fellows program is a three-and-a-half-week study trip for students who are matriculated in graduate programs or are completing undergraduate degrees.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

===National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene===

The National Yiddish Theatre [[Folksbiene]] is a professional theater company in New York City, founded in 1915, which produces both Yiddish plays and plays translated into Yiddish, in a theater equipped with simultaneous superscript translation into English. The theater company has been in residence at the Museum of Jewish Heritage since 2016.

==See also==
* [[Holocaust memorials]] (worldwide)
* [[Jews in New York City]]
* [[List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.sosuamuseum.org/ Sosua Virtual Museum]
* [https://www.jewishgen.org/ JewishGen]

{{Roche-Dinkeloo}}
{{Museums in Manhattan|state=collapsed}}
{{Financial District, Manhattan|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Battery Park City]]
[[Category:History museums in New York City]]
[[Category:Holocaust museums in the United States]]
[[Category:Jewish museums in New York City]]
[[Category:Jews and Judaism in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Museums and exhibits about antisemitism]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1997]]
[[Category:Museums in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Pyramids in the United States]]
[[Category:Roche-Dinkeloo buildings]]