View source for Music of France

{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Music of France}}
In [[France]], [[music]] reflects a diverse array of styles. In the field of [[classical music]], France has produced several prominent [[Romantic music|romantic composer]]s, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the [[chanson]] and [[cabaret]] style. The oldest playable musical recordings were made in France using the earliest known sound recording device in the world, the [[phonautograph]], which was patented by [[Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville]] in 1857. France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the [[nouvelle chanson]] and [[French electronic music|electronic music]].

==Classical music==
{{main|Music history of France|French classical music}}

===Medieval===
{{main|French Medieval music}}
French [[music history]] dates back to [[organum]] in the 10th century, followed by the [[Notre Dame School]], an organum composition style. [[Troubadour]] songs of [[chivalry]] and [[courtly love]] were composed in the [[Occitan language|Occitan]] language between the 10th and 13th centuries, and the [[Trouvère]] poet-composers flourished in Northern France during this period. The fiddle was their instrument of choice.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://earlymusicmuse.com/vielle-introduction/|title=On the (medieval) fiddle: a short introduction to the vielle|date=2015-11-22|work=Early Music Muse|access-date=2017-09-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> By the end of the 12th century, a form of song called the [[motet]] arose, accompanied by traveling musicians called [[jongleur]]s.  In the 14th century, France produced two notable styles of music, [[Ars Nova]] and [[Ars Subtilior]]

===Renaissance===
{{main|French Renaissance music}}
[[file:Petits_Chanteurs_de_Passy_-_Pavane_de_Thoinot_Arbeau.ogg|thumb|Petits Chanteurs de Passy, Pavane composed by Thoinot Arbeau (1519 - 1595).]]
[[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], which was the mostly [[French language|French]]-speaking area unified with the [[Kingdom of France]] in 1477, had become a major center for musical development in the musical continent Europe. This was followed by the rise of [[chanson]]s and the [[Burgundian School]].

===Baroque===
{{main|French Baroque music}}
Influential composers included [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]],  [[Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre]], [[Louis Couperin]], [[François Couperin]] and [[Jacques Champion de Chambonnières]]. [[Jean Philippe Rameau]], a prominent opera composer, wrote an influential treatise on musical theory, especially in the subject of [[harmony]]; he also introduced the [[clarinet]] into his orchestras. In the late Renaissance and early Baroque period, a type of popular secular vocal music called ''[[Air de cour]]'' spread throughout France.

=== Opera ===
{{main|French opera}}

The first French [[opera]] may be ''[[Akébar roi du Mogol]]'', first performed in [[Carpentras]] in 1646.  It was followed by the team of [[Pierre Perrin]] and [[Cambert]], whose ''[[Pastoral in Music]]'', performed in [[Issy-les-Moulineaux|Issy]], was a success, and the pair moved to Paris to produce ''[[Pomone (opera)|Pomone]]'' (1671) and ''[[Les Peines et les Plaisirs de l'Amour]]'' (1672).

[[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], who had become well known for composing [[ballet]]s for [[Louis XIV]], began creating a French version of the Italian ''[[opera seria]]'', a kind of tragic opera known as ''tragédie lyrique'' or ''tragédie en musique'' - see ([[French lyric tragedy]]).  His first was ''[[Cadmus (opera)|Cadmus]]'' from 1673.  Lully's forays into operatic tragedy were accompanied by the pinnacle of French theatrical tragedy, led by [[Pierre Corneille|Corneille]] and [[Jean Racine|Racine]].

Lully also developed the common beat patterns used by conductors to this day and was the first to take the role of leading the orchestra from the position of the first violin.

The French composer [[Georges Bizet]] composed [[Carmen]], one of the best-known and most popular operas.

{{listen
 | type         = music
 | image        = 
 | help         = yes
 | filename     = Léo Delibes - Lakmé Duo des fleurs - French Opera - Natalie Dessay & Delphine Haidan.ogg
 | title        = Lakmé - Duo des Fleurs
 | description  = [[Lakmé]] by [[Léo Delibes]], performed by [[Natalie Dessay]] and the [[Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse]].
 | filename2    = Erik Satie - gymnopedies - la 1 ere. lent et douloureux.ogg
 | title2       = Gymnopedie No.1
 | description2 = [[Gymnopédies (Satie)|Gymnopédie No.1]] by [[Erik Satie]], performed by Agathe Laforge.
 | filename3    = Maurice Ravel - Thérèse Dussaut - Pavane pour une infante défunte.ogg
 | title3       = Pavane pour une infante défunte
 | description3 = [[Pavane pour une infante défunte]] by [[Maurice Ravel]], performed by Thérèse Dussaut
}}

===Classical era===

[[Claude Balbastre]] was an organist, harpsichordist and fortepianist. He was one of the most famous musicians of his time.

[[Henri-Montan Berton]], son of Pierre, is principally remembered as a composer of operas, most of which were first performed at the Opéra-Comique.

[[Hippolyte André Jean Baptiste Chélard|Chélard]] earned his living for much of his career as a violist at the Paris Opera. His 1827 opera Macbeth was a flop in Paris, but a great success in Munich.

[[Jeanne-Hippolyte Devismes]] married the director of the Paris Opéra. Her only known works are a song, "La Dame Jacinthe", and an opera, Praxitėle, which was a success and ran for 16 performances.

Harpsichordist and composer [[Jacques Duphly]] contributed to Jean-Jacques Rousseau dictionary, for articles relating to the art of playing the harpsichord.

===Romantic era===
{{Main|Romantic music|Classical music era}}
One of the major French composers of the time, and one of the most innovative composers of the early Romantic era, was [[Hector Berlioz]].

In the late 19th century, pioneers such as [[Georges Bizet]], [[Jules Massenet]], [[Gabriel Fauré]], [[Maurice Ravel]] and [[Claude Debussy]] revitalized French music. The last two had an enormous impact on 20th-century music - both in France and abroad - and influenced many major composers such as [[Béla Bartók]] and [[Igor Stravinsky]]. [[Erik Satie]] was also a very significant composer from that era. His music is difficult to classify.
[[file:Marius Petipa -1898.jpg|thumb|170px|right|The ballet master and choreographer [[Marius Petipa]].]]

===20th century===
The early 20th century saw neo-classical music flourish in France, especially composers such as [[Lili Boulanger]], [[Nadia Boulanger]], [[Albert Roussel]] and [[Les Six]], a group of musicians who gathered around Satie.  Later in the century, [[Olivier Messiaen]], [[Henri Dutilleux]] and [[Pierre Boulez]] proved influential. The latter was a leading figure of [[Serialism]] while Messiaen incorporated Asian (particularly Indian) influences and [[bird song]] and Dutilleux translated the innovations of Debussy, Bartók and Stravinsky into his own, very personal, musical idiom.

The most important French contribution to musical innovation of the past 35 years is a form of [[computer-assisted composition]] called "[[spectral music]]". The astonishing technical advances of the spectralist composers in the 1970s are only recently beginning to achieve wide recognition in the United States;  major composers in this vein include [[Gérard Grisey]], [[Tristan Murail]], and [[Claude Vivier]].

==Folk music==
{{main|French folk music}}

Traditional styles of music have survived most in remote areas such as the island of Corsica and mountainous Auvergne, as well as the more nationalistic regions of the [[Basque people|Basques]] and the [[Bretons]]. In many cases, folk traditions were revived in relatively recent years to cater to tourists. These ''groupes folkloriques'' tend to focus on very early 20th-century [[melody|melodies]] and the use of the [[piano accordion]].

===Paris===
{{main|History of music in Paris}}
[[File:Lucienne_Boyer_-_Chanson_Si_Petite.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Cover page of the score of the song Si petite performed by [[Lucienne Boyer]]]]

In 1900 in Paris, a new style of waltz emerged, the "Valse musette" an evolution of [[Bal-musette]] also known as "French Waltz". Aimable, [[Émile Vacher]], [[Marcel Azzola]], [[Yvette Horner]], [[André Verchuren]] were famous accordionists who played valse musette. There is also [[Yann Tiersen]] and its [[Amélie (soundtrack)]] of Amélie from Montmartre.

===West France===
{{main|Music of Aquitaine|Music of Gascony}}

The West of France comprises the [[Pays de Nantes]], the provinces of [[Vendée]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]] and [[Maine (province)|Maine]], and the [[Poitou-Charentes]] region. Traditions of [[ballad]]-singing, dance-songs and [[fiddle]]-playing have survived, predominantly in Poitou and the Vendée. [[Jérôme Bujeaud]] collected extensively in the area, and his 2-volume work "Chants et chansons populaires des provinces de l'ouest: [[Poitou]], [[Saintonge (region)|Saintonge]], [[Aunis]] et [[Angoumois]]" ([[Niort]], 1866) remains the principal scholarly collection of music and songs. In recent decades John Wright and [[Claude Ribouillault]] (amongst others) have done much to collect, analyse and promote the surviving traditions.

The [[Marais Breton]] of Vendée is noted particularly for its tradition of [[veuze]] playing - which has been revived by the [[bagpipe]]-maker and player [[Thierry Bertrand]] - and for traditional singers such as Pierre Burgaud.

[[Folk dances]] specific to the West of France include the [[courante]], or maraichine, and the bal saintongeais. [[Bourrée]]s in triple time have been noted in the 19th century by Bujeaud, and more recently, in Angoumois. Circle- or chain-dances accompanied by caller-and-response singing have been noted in the West, and also in other regions such as [[Gascony]], [[Normandy]] and [[Brittany]].

Notable contemporary folk musicians include [[Christian Pacher]] and [[Claude Ribouillault]] (Poitou) and the group [[La Marienne]] (Vendée.)

====Brittany====
{{main|Music of Brittany}}
[[File:A Stivell 072707 Nuremberg 03.JPG|thumb|170px|[[Alan Stivell]], a [[Celtic music]]ian and singer.]]
[[File:Nolwenn_Leroy_à_la_soirée_de_clôture_du_Télévie_2013.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Nolwenn Leroy]] often uses to reinterpret traditional Breton and Celtic songs.]]

Distinctly [[Celtic music|Celtic]] in character, the folk music of Lower [[Brittany]] has had perhaps the most successful revival of its traditions, partly thanks to the city of [[Lorient]], which hosts France's most popular music festival: [[Festival Interceltique de Lorient]].

The documented history of Breton music begins with the publication of ''[[Barzaz-Breizh]]'' in 1839.  A collection of folk songs compiled by [[Hersart de la Villemarqué]], ''Barzaz-Breizh'' re-branded and promoted Breton traditions and helped ensure their continuity.

[[Sonneur]]s couples, consisting of a [[bombard (music)|bombard]] and a [[biniou]] (bagpipe), is usually played at festoù-noz ([[Fest Noz]]) celebrations (some are famous, such as {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040331205257/http://www.printemps-de-chateauneuf.org/ Printemps de Chateauneuf]}}).  It is swift [[dance music]] and has an older vocal counterpart called ''[[kan ha diskan]]''.  Unaccompanied [[call and response (music)|call and response]] singing was interspersed with the ''[[gwerz]]'', a form of [[ballad]].

Probably the most popular form of Breton folk is the [[bagad]] pipe band, which features native instruments such as [[biniou]] and [[bombard (music)|bombard]] alongside drums and, in more modern groups, [[biniou braz]] pipes.  Modern revivalists include [[Kevrenn Alre]] Bagad and [[Bagad Kemper]].

[[Alan Stivell]] is perhaps the most influential [[folk-rock]] performer of continental Europe.  After 1971's ''[[Renaissance of the Celtic Harp]]'', Breton and other Celtic traditional music achieved mainstream success internationally.  With [[Dan Ar Braz]], he then released ''[[Chemins de Terre]]'' (1974), which launched Breton folk-rock.  This set the stage for stars such as [[Malicorne (band)|Malicorne]] in the ensuing decades.

In later years much has been done to collect and popularize the musical traditions of the [[Pays Gallo]] of [[Upper Brittany]], for which the singer [[Bertran Ôbrée]], his group [[Ôbrée Alie]] and the association DASTUM must take much credit. The songs of Upper Brittany are either in French or in [[Gallo language|Gallo]].

Modern Breton folk music includes harpists such as [[Anne-Marie Jan]], [[Anne Auffret]] and [[Myrdhin]], while singers [[Kristen Nikolas]], [[Andrea Ar Gouilh]] and [[Yann-Fanch Kemener]] have become mainstream stars.  Instrumental bands, however, have been the most successful, including [[Gwerz (band)|Gwerz]], [[Bleizi Ruz]], [[Strobinell]], [[Sonerien Du]] and [[Tud]].

===Central France===
{{main|Music of Auvergne|Music of Limousin|Music of Burgundy}}
[[Image:Lautrec ambassadeurs, aristide bruant (poster) 1892.jpg|thumb|200px|''ambassadors, [[Aristide Bruant]]'' by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]]]]

Central France includes the regions of [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]], [[Limousin (région)|Limousin]], [[Morvan]], [[Nivernais]], [[Bourbonnais]] and [[Berry (province)|Berry]].  The lands are the home to a significant [[bagpipe]] tradition, as well as the iconic [[hurdy-gurdy]] and the dance [[bourrée]].  There are deep differences between the regions of Central France, with the Auvergne and Limousin retained the most vibrant folk traditions of the area.  As an example of the area's diversity, the bourrée can come in either duple or triple meter; the latter is found in the south of the region, and is usually improvised with [[bagpipes]] and hurdy-gurdy, while the former is found in the north and includes virtuoso players.

====Bagpipe and Hurdy-gurdy====
{{main|Hurdy-gurdy|Bagpipe}}

The hurdy-gurdy, or ''vielle-à-roue'', is essentially a mechanical violin, with keys or buttons instead of a fingerboard. It is made up of a curved, oval body, a set of keys and a curved handle, which is turned and connected to a wheel which bows the strings that are stopped by the keys. There is a moveable bridge, a variable number of drones and optional [[sympathetic strings]]. Other forms of the hurdy-gurdy are found all over Europe.

The bagpipe is found in a wide array of forms in France. The ''cabrette'' and ''grande cornemuse'' from [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]] and [[Berry (province)|Berry]] are best known. These forms are found at least as far back as the 17th century. Prominent bagpipers include [[Bernard Blanc]], [[Frédéric Paris]] and [[Philippe Prieur]], as well as bandleader [[Jean Blanchard]] of [[La Grande Bande de Cornemuses]] and [[Quintette de Cornemuses]]. Frédéric Paris is also known as a member of the [[Duo Chabenat-Paris]], who use elements such as mixed polyphonic ensembles and melodies based on the bourrée. Bernard Blanc and Jean Blanchard, along with [[Éric Montbel]] from Lyon, were among the musicians who formed the basis of [[La Bamboche]] and [[Le Grand Rouge]]. It was these two bands who did more than anyone to revitalize the traditions of Central France during the 1970s [[folk revival]].{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} The festival of [[St. Chartier]], a [[music festival]] held annually near [[Châteauroux]], has been a focal point for the music of Auvergne and Limousin.

The regions of [[Morvan]] and [[Nivernais]] have produced some traditional stars, including [[Faubourg de Boignard]] and [[Les Ménétriers du Morvan]], respectively. The Nivernais collector [[Achille Millien]] was also notable in the early part of the 20th century.

===South France===

====Basque Country====
{{main|Basque music}}
[[File:Francoise Hardy ad.jpg|thumb|[[Françoise Hardy]] in a publicity photograph in ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', promoting the American release of her music via [[Kapp Records|Kapp]], 1965.]]

The music of the [[Northern Basque Country|French Basque Country]] (east of the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]]) should be considered against a Pyrenean cultural background. Up to recent times and still [[Psalterium (instrument)|ttun-ttun]] and [[xirula]] should be highlighted in traditional folk music (especially in the province of [[Soule]]) as a tabor and pipe like pair.

Mixel Etxekopar or Jean Mixel Bedaxagar have played a major role in Basque traditional music as xirula players as well as traditional singers. Other popular performers such as [[Benat Achiary]] take on a more experimental approach. These performers refer to a former tradition collected and restored by figures such as Etxahun Iruri (1908–1979) where singing improviser poets ([[bertsolari]]s) played an important role in popular culture. This ''bertsolari'' tradition relies almost exclusively on younger generations, and efforts are being made now to restore it along the lines of the "southern" tradition, i.e. of the [[Southern Basque Country|Spanish Basque Country]].

Music from the [[Northern Basque Country|Basque Country]] nowadays caters to almost all the tastes of music, with a wide range of music being played in Basque, from choral music ([[Oldarra]] in [[Biarritz]]) to elaborate music bands (e.g. Bidaia) to ska or hardcore trends, while it is much praised lately for the fine bare voices that have arisen with the likes of Maddi Oihenart, Maialen Errotabehere or Amaren Alabak, to mention but a few.

====Corsica====
{{main|Music of Corsica}}

[[Music of Corsica#Polyphonic song|Corsican polyphonic singing]] is perhaps the most unusual of the French regional music varieties.  Sung by male trios, it is strongly harmonic and occasionally dissonant.  Works can be either spiritual or secular.  Modern groups include [[Canta u Populu Corsu]], [[I Muvrini]], [[Tavagna]] and [[Chjami Aghjalesi]]; some groups have been associated with Corsican [[nationalism]].

Corsican [[musical instrument]]s include the ''[[caramusa]]'' ([[cornemuse]] bagpipe), ''[[cetera]]'' (16-stringed [[lute]]), ''[[mandulina]]'' ([[mandolin]]), ''[[pifana]]'' (a type of [[gemshorn]]) and ''[[urganettu]]'' (diatonic [[accordion]]).

==Popular music==
{{Main|French popular music}}
[[File:Cheret MoulinRouge ParisCancan.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Poster from the cabaret [[Moulin Rouge]] in Paris (1890), the spiritual birthplace of the [[Cancan|French Cancan]] dance.]]

The 20th century saw the apogee of the [[Cabaret]] style with [[Yvette Guilbert]] as a major star. The era lasted through to the 1930s and saw the likes of [[Édith Piaf]], [[Charles Trenet]], [[Maurice Chevalier]], [[Tino Rossi]], [[Félix Mayol]], [[Lucienne Boyer]], [[Marie-Louise Damien]], [[Marie Dubas]], [[Fréhel]], [[Georges Guibourg]] and [[Jean Sablon]].

During the 50s and 60s, it was the golden age of ''Chanson Française'': [[Juliette Gréco]], [[Mireille Mathieu]], [[Georges Brassens]], [[Jacques Brel]], [[Gilbert Bécaud]], [[Monique Serf]] (Barbara), [[Léo Ferré]], [[Charles Aznavour]] and [[Alain Barrière]]. The [[Yéyé]] style was popular in the 1950s and 60s with [[Sheila (French singer)|Sheila]], [[Claude François]],
[[Françoise Hardy]] and [[Johnny Hallyday]]. This era also saw [[Serge Gainsbourg]] and [[Jane Birkin]] experiment with avant-garde pop, integrating provocative themes and diverse musical styles, marking French pop as emotionally sophisticated and distinct.

The 1970s brought disco, progressive rock, and electronic influences. Artists like [[Michel Sardou]], [[Claude François]], and [[Daft Punk]] merged French pop with global trends. [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] pioneered electronic music, notably with Oxygène, pushing French music onto the world stage. In the 1980s, French pop fused international genres with artists like [[Vanessa Paradis]] and [[Mylène Farmer]], alongside the rise of chanson nouvelle, led by [[Etienne Daho]] and [[Alain Bashung]]. This era was marked by new wave, synth-pop, and rock influences, reflecting France’s shifting cultural landscape. By the 1990s, French pop achieved global success, especially through electronic music with Daft Punk, [[Air (French band)|Air]], and the French touch movement. This period also saw the rise of variété française, with artists like [[Céline Dion]] and [[Zazie]] gaining international acclaim while staying rooted in French culture.

===Cabaret===
{{Main|Cabaret|Café concert|Café-théâtre}}
[[File:Piaf_Harcourt_1939.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[Édith Piaf]] referred to as "La Môme Piaf" (The Little [[Sparrow (disambiguation)#Birds|Sparrow]]).]]
[[File:Mireille_Mathieu_Hamburg_1971_006.jpg|thumb|170px|right|[[Mireille Mathieu]] in Hamburg, 1971]]
[[File:Patricia Kaas Cannes.jpg|thumb|upright|170px|[[Patricia Kaas]], incarnation of the new French [[cabaret]] spirit.]]

''Cabaret'' is a typical form of French musical entertainment featuring [[chanson]], [[music]], [[dance]], [[comedy]] and [[spectacle]]s. The audience usually sits at tables, often dining or drinking, and performances are sometimes introduced by a master of ceremonies. The first cabaret was opened in 1881 in [[Montmartre]], Paris, by [[Rodolphe Salis]] and was called ''[[Le Chat Noir]]'' (The Black Cat). Built in 1889, ''[[Moulin Rouge]]'' is famous for the large red windmill on its roof. Other popular French cabarets include the ''[[Folies Bergère]]'' and ''[[Le Lido]]''. Cabarets were a key venue in the careers of many singers such as [[Mistinguett]], [[Josephine Baker]], [[Charles Trenet]] and [[Edith Piaf]]. More recently, [[Patricia Kaas]] embodies the revival of the French cabaret style.

===Cancan===
{{Main|Cancan|Quadrille}}
The ''Cancan'', also called ''French-Cancan'', is a high-energy and physically demanding musical dance, traditionally performed by a [[chorus line]] of female dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings. The main features of the dance are the lifting and manipulation of the skirts, with [[Glossary of ballet terms#Battement|high kick]]ing and suggestive, provocative body movements. The ''Infernal Galop'' from [[Jacques Offenbach]]'s ''[[Orpheus in the Underworld]]'' is the tune most associated with the ''Cancan''. The ''Cancan'' first appeared in the working-class ballrooms of [[Montparnasse]] in [[Paris]] in around 1830. It was a more lively version of the [[Galop]], a dance in quick [[time signature|2/4 time]], which often featured as the final figure in the [[Quadrille]].

===Chanson===
{{Main|Chanson}}
Chanson Française is the typical style of French music (chanson means "song" in French) and is still very popular in France. Some of the most important artists included: [[Édith Piaf]], [[Juliette Gréco]], [[Mireille Mathieu]], [[Jacques Brel]], [[Georges Brassens]], [[Gilbert Bécaud]], [[Monique Serf]] (Barbara), [[Léo Ferré]], [[Charles Aznavour]], [[Salvatore Adamo]] and [[Dalida]] plus the more art-house musicians like [[Brigitte Fontaine]]. Also during the 1950s one of the more representative of Montmartre cabaret singers was [[Suzanne Robert]].

During the 1970s, new artists modernized the chanson Française ([[Michel Fugain]], [[Renaud]], [[Francis Cabrel]], [[Alain Souchon]], [[Jacques Higelin]], [[Alain Chamfort]], [[Joe Dassin]]) and also in the 80s ([[Étienne Daho]], [[Têtes Raides]]) till now ([[Benjamin Biolay]], [[Zaz (singer)|Zaz]], [[Vincent Delerm]], [[Bénabar]], [[Jean-Louis Murat]], [[Miossec]], Juliette, [[Mano Solo]], Jacques Higelin, [[Matthieu Chedid]], [[Mathieu Boogaerts]], [[Daniel Darc]], [[Maurane]],  [[Christina Goh]], [[Renan Luce]]). Singer-songwriter [[Serge Gainsbourg]] began as a jazz musician in the 1950s and spanned several eras of French popular music including pop, rock, reggae, new wave, disco and even hip hop.

===Musette===
{{Main|Bal-musette|Java (dance)|Guinguette}}
''Musette'' is a style of French music and dance that became popular in Paris in the 1880s. Musette uses the [[accordion]] as main instrument, and often symbolizes the French art of living abroad. [[Émile Vacher]] (1883-1969) was the star of the new style.<ref>''World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'' Page 113 Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, Richard Trillo - 1999 "Emile Vacher Once the accordion took over from the cabrette in the bals-musette, Vacher (1883-1969) was the star of the new style."</ref> Other popular musette accordionists include [[Aimable Pluchard]], [[Yvette Horner]] and [[André Verchuren]]. In 2001, the musette-style was a huge international success through the album ''[[Amélie (soundtrack)|Amélie]]'' composed by [[Yann Tiersen]].

{{listen
 | type         = music
 | image        = 
 | help         = yes
 | filename     = Emile Vacher - Mado - French Musette.ogg
 | title        = French Musette
 | description  = ''Mado'' by [[Émile Vacher]]
}}

===Yéyé===
{{Main|Yéyé}}
''Yéyé'' is a style of popular music that emerged from France in the early 1960s. The yé-yé movement had its origins in the radio programme ''[[Salut les copains (radio program)|Salut les copains]]'', which was first aired in October 1959. Most famous [[Yéyé]] stars include [[Johnny Hallyday]], [[Eddy Mitchell]], [[Richard Anthony (singer)|Richard Anthony]], [[Dick Rivers]] and the popular girls such as [[France Gall]], [[Sheila (French singer)|Sheila]], [[Sylvie Vartan]], and artists who fuse various music genres such as [[Chantal Goya]], [[Dalida]] or [[Claude François]]. These were popular female [[teen idol]]s, and included [[Françoise Hardy]], who was the first to write her own songs.
{{clear}}

==Contemporary music==
[[File:Generale_repetitie_voor_AVRO-programma_Edisons_in_concert_Muziekcentrum_Vredenbu,_Bestanddeelnr_931-1155.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Charles Aznavour]] was a French-Armenian singer, who was widely regarded as one of France's greatest musical artists.]]

===Nouvelle Chanson===
{{Main|Nouvelle Chanson}}

===Jazz===
{{Main|French jazz}}

===Pop===
{{Main|French pop}}
[[File:Mylène farmer Live 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|170px|right|The pop-singer [[Mylène Farmer]] holds the record for the most number one hit singles in the French charts.]]

The more commercial and pop part of ''Chanson'' is called ''Variété'' in French, and included [[Vanessa Paradis]], [[Patricia Kaas]], [[Patrick Bruel]], [[Marc Lavoine]], [[Pascal Obispo]], [[Florent Pagny]], [[Francis Cabrel]], [[Étienne Daho]], [[Alain Souchon]], [[Laurent Voulzy]] and [[Jean-Jacques Goldman]]. The superstar status of diva [[Mylène Farmer]] inspired pop-rock performers such as [[Zazie]], [[Lorie (singer)|Lorie]], [[Alizée]], and R&B singers like [[Nâdiya]] and [[Ophelie Winter]].

More recently, the success of musical television shows have spawned a new generation of young pop-music stars including [[Nolwenn Leroy]], [[Grégory Lemarchal]], [[Christophe Willem]], [[Julien Doré]] and [[Élodie Frégé]]. The French-Caribbean singer [[Shy'm]] enjoys a status of popstar in France since her first album in 2006, as well as her male counterpart [[Matt Pokora]]. Notable pop-rock groups include [[Niagara (band)|Niagara]] and [[Indochine (band)|Indochine]].  Michel Sardou is also known for his love songs ("La maladie d'amour", "Je vais t'aimer").

===Rock===
[[File:Johnny Hallyday Cannes.jpg|thumb|170px|right|The rock singer [[Johnny Hallyday]] sold more than 110 million records worldwide since 1960.]]
{{Main|French rock}}
Rock'n Roll started to become popular in the 60s with singers like [[Johnny Hallyday]]. There were also innovative musicians in France as the [[psychedelic rock]] trend was peaking worldwide. [[Jean-Pierre Massiera]]'s ''[[Les Maledictus Sound]]'' (1968) and [[Aphrodite's Child]]'s ''[[666 (Aphrodite's Child album)|666]]'' were the most influential. Later came bands such as [[Magma (band)|Magma]], [[Martin Circus]], [[Au Bonheur des Dames (band)|Au Bonheur des Dames]], [[Trust (French band)|Trust]], [[Téléphone]]. In the early 70s, Breton musician [[Alan Stivell]] (''[[Renaissance de la Harpe Celtique]]'') launched the field of French [[folk-rock]] by combining psychedelic and progressive rock sounds with Breton and Celtic folk styles. In the 80s and 90s, bands like [[Noir Désir]] and artists like [[Paul Personne]] carried the torch with grunge and blues influences.

French rock has continued to evolve, blending genres and embracing new influences. Bands like [[Phoenix (French band)|Phoenix]] and [[Air (French band)|Air]] brought French rock to international audiences, mixing elements of indie, electronic, and pop with traditional rock. Phoenix’s 2009 album Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix won global acclaim, blending indie rock with catchy, upbeat sounds. In the 2010s, [[Indochine (band)|Indochine]], [[Shaka Ponk]], and [[La Femme (band)|La Femme]] pushed the boundaries further, combining rock with electronic, funk, and psychedelic influences. Indochine, a long-standing group, continued to captivate with their mix of new wave and rock.

;Progressive Rock
France became one of the leading producers of [[Progressive rock]] in the 1970s. Aficionados worldwide were enamoured by recordings such as [[Ange (band)|Ange]]'s ''[[Le Cimetiere des arlequins]]'', [[Pulsar (band)|Pulsar]]'s ''[[Halloween (Pulsar album)|Halloween]]'', [[Shylock (band)|Shylock]]'s ''[[Ile de Fievre]]'', [[Atoll (band)|Atoll]]'s ''[[L'Araignee-Mal]]'' and [[Eskaton]]'s ''[[Ardeur]]''.  Most well-known, however, may be the band [[Magma (band)|Magma]] which created its own genre, [[Zeuhl|Zeuhl music]].

;Eighties Rock (1980)
[[File:Indochine-Meteor-1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Indochine (band)|Indochine]] hit "L'Aventurier" (1982) was inspired by the Belgian comic character [[Bob Morane]].]]

In the 1980s, French rock spawned myriad styles, many closely connected with other Francophone musical scenes in Switzerland, Canada and especially Belgium. [[Pub rock (United Kingdom)|Pub rock]] ([[Telephone (band)|Telephone]]), [[psychobilly]] ([[La Muerte (band)|La Muerte]]), [[pop punk]] ([[Les Thugs]]), [[synthpop]] and [[punk rock]] ([[Bérurier Noir]], [[Bijou (band)|Bijou]] and [[Gill Dougherty]]) were among the styles represented in this era. Beginning in the 1980s, [[Les Rita Mitsouko]] became very popular throughout Europe with their unique blending of punk, new wave, dance and cabaret elements.

Punk rock had arisen in the 1970s and continued into the next decade, perhaps best represented by [[Minimum Vital]] who are still active, [[Oberkampf (band)|Oberkampf]] and [[Métal Urbain]]. 80s progressive rock peaked early in the decade, with [[Dün (band)|Dün]]'s ''[[Eros (Dün album)|Eros]]'', [[Emeraude (band)|Emeraude]]'s ''[[Geoffroy (album)|Geoffroy]]'' and [[Terpandre]]'s ''[[Terpandre (album)|Terpandre]]'', all from 1981, representing the genre's pinnacle, in French West Indies (Guadeloupe Island) The Bolokos represent the genre.

===Metal===
French heavy metal bands include [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]], [[Dagoba (band)|Dagoba]], [[Anorexia Nervosa (band)|Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Hacride]], [[Eths]], [[Loudblast]], Carcariass, [[Massacra]], [[Gorod (band)|Gorod]], [[Kronos (band)|Kronos]], [[Yyrkoon (band)|Yyrkoon]], [[Benighted]], [[Necrowretch]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noisefull.com/interviews/necrowretch-vlad|title=Necrowretch (Vlad - Noisefull)|publisher=Noisefull.com|date=January 22, 2013|access-date=January 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011041846/http://noisefull.com/interviews/necrowretch-vlad|archive-date=October 11, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Fairyland (band)|Fairyland]]. Many of these bands play in the [[death metal]], [[thrash metal]] and/or [[power metal]] styles.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/gojira-the-way-of-all-flesh
| publisher =[[PopMatters]]
| title =Gojira, The Way of All Flesh
| author =Adrien Begrand
| access-date = 2008-12-17
}}</ref>

France also has a large black metal movement, including, [[Belenos (band)|Belenos]], [[Deathspell Omega]], [[Nocturnal Depression]], [[Blut Aus Nord]], [[Peste Noire]], [[Vorkreist]], [[Arkhon Infaustus]], [[Merrimack (band)|Merrimack]]  and [[Antaeus (band)|Antaeus]], and the organization known as [[Les Légions Noires]] made up of such bands as [[Mütiilation]], [[Vlad Tepes (band)|Vlad Tepes]] and Torgeist. The '[[shoegaze]]' black metal movement also has many bands hailing from France, such as [[Alcest]], [[Les Discrets]] and [[Amesoeurs]].

===Electronic===
{{Main|French electronic music}}
[[File:Jean Michel Jarre B10-2016.jpg|thumb|170px|right|The pioneer of electronic music [[Jean-Michel Jarre]].]]
[[File:ThomasBangalter028.jpg|thumb|170px|right|[[Daft Punk]] in Miami, FL.]]

[[Electronic music]], as exemplified by [[Jean Michel Jarre]] and [[Cerrone]], achieved a wide French audience. The French electro-pop duos [[Air (French band)|Air]] and [[Daft Punk]] and [[techno music|techno]] artists [[Laurent Garnier]] and [[David Guetta]] found a wide audience in the late 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century, both locally and internationally. Groups such as [[Justice (band)|Justice]], [[M83 (band)|M83]], [[Phoenix (French band)|Phoenix]], [[Télépopmusik]] and [[Klingande]] continue to enjoy success.

===Dance===
{{Main|French touch}}
[[File:Zaz_31_March_2022.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Zaz (singer)|Zaz]] known for her unique voice and eclectic musical style.]]

[[French house]] is a late 1990s form of [[house music]], part of the 1990s and first decade of the 21st-century European dance music scene and the latest form of [[Euro disco]]. The genre is also known as "Disco house", "Neu-disco" (new disco), "French touch", "filter house" or "tekfunk". The early mid/late 1990s productions was notable for the "filter effect" used by artists such as [[Daft Punk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/music/9940,woods,8763,22.html |title=village voice > music > Daft Punk by Scott Woods |access-date=2008-10-05 |archive-date=2008-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604064436/http://www.villagevoice.com/music/9940,woods,8763,22.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other productions use more mainstream vocals and samples.
French house is greatly influenced by the 1970s [[Euro disco]] and especially the short lived [[space disco]] music style (a European (mostly French) variation of [[Hi-NRG]] disco), and also by [[P-Funk]] and the productions of [[Thomas Bangalter]].

The first French house experiments (at the time called "disco house" and "neu disco") became notable in the international market between 1997 and 1999.  [[Daft Punk]], [[Stardust (band)|Stardust]] and [[Cassius (band)|Cassius]] were the first international successful artists of the genre and their videos show their "space disco" roots.

Several artists played important roles in popularizing the genre, which, in 2000, achieved international success. [[Bob Sinclar]]'s single "I Feel For You" charted in several countries, including Germany, Italy, and Spain. [[Etienne de Crécy]]'s album ''Tempovision'' charted at #57 in France and included the successful single "Am I Wrong." In September, the French house group [[Modjo]] released "[[Lady (Hear Me Tonight)]], which debuted at #1 in the UK and became a top-ten hit in thirteen countries. [[Galleon (band)|Galleon]] followed the next year.

Today most French house bands and artists have moved on to other music styles, notably a French variation of [[electro music|electro]], that is danced on the milky way/[[Tecktonik]] style.

===Disco===
The [[Village People]], co-founded by the two French composers [[Jacques Morali]] and [[Henri Belolo]], was a major international disco group. Notable French disco singers also include [[Dalida]], [[Sheila and B. Devotion]], [[Ottawan]], [[Voyage (band)|Voyage]], [[Cerrone]], [[Patrick Hernandez]] and [[F.R. David]], respectively known for their worldwide hits "[[Monday, Tuesday... Laissez-moi danser]]" (1979), "Spacer" (1979), "[[D.I.S.C.O.]]" (1979), "You're OK / T'es OK" (1980), ''Souvenirs'' (1978), "[[Supernature (Cerrone song)|Supernature]]" (1977), "[[Born to Be Alive (song)|Born to Be Alive]]" (1979) and "[[Words (F. R. David song)|Words]]" (1982).

===Hip-Hop===
{{Main|French hip hop}}

[[Hip hop music]] was exported to France in the 1980s, and French [[rapping|rappers]] and [[DJ]]s such as [[David Guetta]] and [[MC Solaar]], also had some success. [[Hip hop music]] came from New York City, invented in the 1970s by [[African Americans]]. By 1983, the genre had spread to much of the world, including France.  Almost immediately, French performers (musicians and [[breakdancing|breakdancers]]) began their career, including [[Max-Laure Bourjolly]]  and [[Traction Avant]]. Popularity was brief, however, and hip hop quickly receded to the French underground. Hip-hop was adapted to French context, especially the poverty of large cities known as banlieues ("suburbs") where many French of foreign descent live, especially from the former colonial countries (West Africa and Caribbean). If there is some influence of African musics and of course American hip hop, French hip-hop is also strongly connected to French music, with strong reciprocal influences, from French pop and chanson, both in music and lyrics.

''[[Paname City Rappin]]'' (1984, by [[Dee Nasty]]) was the first album released, and the first major stars were [[IAM (band)|IAM]], [[Suprême NTM]] and [[MC Solaar]], whose 1991 ''[[Qui Sème le Vent Récolte le Tempo]]'', was a major hit. Through the nineties, the music grew to become one of the most popular genres in France with huge success of the pioneers (IAM, Suprême NTM) and newcomers ([[Ministère Amer]], [[Oxmo Puccino]], [[Lunatic (group)|Lunatic]]). France is the world's second-largest hip-hop market. The most popular rappers of the 2000s are [[Diam's]], [[Booba]] and [[Kenza Farah]] with successful artists more underground such as [[La Rumeur]], [[la Caution]] and [[TTC (band)|TTC]].

==Overseas music==

===French Polynesia===
[[File:ʻupaʻupa.jpg|right|thumb|A [['upa'upa|{{okina}}upa{{okina}}upa]], a traditional dance from [[Tahiti]] (1900).]]
{{Main|Music of French Polynesia|Music of Tahiti}}

===Réunion island===
{{Main|Music of Réunion}}
[[Sega music|Séga music]] is a popular style that mixes African and European music. The most popular sega musicians include Ousanousava, [[Baster (band)|Baster]], Maxime Laope. [[Maloya music]] has a strong African element reflected in the use of slave chants and work songs. The most popular sega musicians include [[Danyèl Waro]], Firmin Viry, Granmoun Lélé, Mars tou sèl.

===Martinique and Guadeloupe===
{{Main|Music of Martinique|Music of Guadeloupe}}

;Zouk
Zouk is a fast jump-up carnival beat originating from the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, popularized by the French Antillean band [[Kassav']] in the 1980s. Very rapid in tempo, the style lost ground in the 1980s due to the strong presence of kadans or compas, the main music of the French Antilles. Today, zouk is the French Antilles compas,<ref>Peter Manuel, Musics of the Non-Western World, Chicago press University 1988p74</ref> also called zouk-love
In Africa, Kassav's zouk and the Haitian [[compas]] they featured, gained popularity in [[francophone]] and [[lusophone]] countries. It is also particularly popular in North America in the Canadian province of Quebec.

;Bouyon
[[Bouyon music|Bouyon (Boo-Yon)]] is a form of popular [[music of Dominica]], also known as jump up music in Guadeloupe and Martinique. The best-known band in the genre is [[Windward Caribbean Kulture]] (WCK), who originated the style in 1988.
Over the years, thanks to inter-trade with the Dominicans and the mass participation of Guadeloupe at the [[World Creole Music Festival]], the flagship group as Triple kay and MFR band began to democratize and local artists were inducted including the remix Allo Triple kay with Daly and "Big Ting Poppin 'Daly alone.
A popular offshoot within the bouyon is called '''[[bouyon music#bouyon hardcore|bouyon hardcore]]''', a style characterized by its lewd and violent lyrics. Popular Bouyon gwada musicians include, Wee Low, Suppa, Doc J, Yellow gaza, etc.

;Antilles hip hop
The French Antilles hip hop is a style of [[hip hop music]] originating from the French departments of [[Guadeloupe]] and [[Martinique]] in the Caribbean. Usually in French and [[Antillean creole]], the [[French Antilles]] hip hop is most popular in the French Antilles and [[France]].

;Rock In Gwada
Although a minority genre, French Antilles rock groups participate in the broadening of the Caribbean musical spectrum. The spearheads like The Bolokos<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rci.fm/guadeloupe/infos/Culture/Bolokos-veritable-succes-pour-les-guadeloupeens-au-festival-anglais-Rebellion | title=The Bolokos : Véritable succès pour les guadeloupéens au festival anglais Rebellion }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/culture/the-bolokos-s-est-produit-au-jardin-d-eau-dans-une-ambiance-punk-rock-531699.php | title=The Bolokos s'est produit au Jardin d'EAU dans une ambiance punk rock - Culture en Guadeloupe | date=3 April 2019 }}</ref> or Livestocks include themes, rhythms or Caribbean melodies on British or American influences. The "Rock In Gwada" collective brings together some of these groups whose first festival took place in Petit-Bourg in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/culture/pres-de-800-spectateurs-au-rock-in-gwada-festival-358709.php?pos=2 | title=Près de 800 spectateurs au Rock in Gwada festival - Culture en Guadeloupe | date=25 June 2022 }}</ref>

==International music==
[[File:Gall-Italie-1969.png|thumb|right|125px|[[France Gall]] gained international fame with her wins in the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] in 1965. Representing [[Luxembourg]]]]
[[French language]] is spoken worldwide and many international artists contribute to French music.

===Europe===
{{Main|Music of Belgium|Music of Switzerland|Music of Monaco|Music of Luxembourg}}
[[File:Jacques Brel 1963.jpg|thumb|125px|right|[[Jacques Brel]].]]

The greatest Belgian chansonnier was [[Jacques Brel]], whose classic songs have been covered by several international artists. Others such as [[Salvatore Adamo]], [[Axelle Red]], [[Lara Fabian]], [[Maurane]], [[Selah Sue]], [[Frédéric François]] and [[Annie Cordy]] have also enjoyed some success in France and other French-speaking countries.

===North America===
{{Main|Music of Quebec|Music of Louisiana}}

Quebec singers are very popular in France, and both nations have influenced each other in terms of music styles. Quebec artists have been taking the French stage quite extensively. Notable singers that have performed in France included: [[Celine Dion|Céline Dion]], [[Diane Tell]], [[Cœur de pirate]], [[Garou (singer)|Garou]], [[Isabelle Boulay]], [[Lynda Lemay]] and many others. [[Roch Voisine]] and [[Natasha St-Pier]], who are of [[Acadian]] heritage, reached the top of charts in France with their famous songs "[[Hélène (Roch Voisine song)|Hélène]]" (1989) and "[[Tu trouveras]]" (2002). Rock singer [[Avril Lavigne]], whose father is of French origin (born in [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]), is also popular in France, and she obtained her French passport and citizenship in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lavigne|first=April|title=Interview on NRJ Radio|url=http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&autoplay=1|date=9 February 2011|quote=I love France, in fact my father was born here, so I have applied for my French passport. I love this country so much that I am getting a French passport|access-date=6 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905192626/https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&autoplay=1|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''Lavigne'' means "Vineyard", and ''Avril'' means "April", in French language</ref> [[Salvatore Adamo]] and [[Charles Aznavour]] are widely recognized in America

===Asia===
[[File:Anggun - Trianon Paris - juin 2012 (7386545664).jpg|thumb|125px|right|[[Anggun]] during her concert in [[Le Trianon (theatre)|Le Trianon]], Paris (2012).]]

One of the most famous French-speaking Asian artists is [[Anggun]], a French-naturalised singer from [[Indonesia]], best known for her single ''La Neige au Sahara'' ([[Snow on the Sahara (song)|Snow on the Sahara]]) written by [[Erick Benzi]]. The song was released in 1997 as her debut international single in 33 countries worldwide, and made the charts in Europe (#1 in Italy), America (#16 in USA Billboard), and Asia (#1 in Indonesia, #3 in Malaysia). French music also found surprising favorable reception in [[Japan]], where the language and culture from France is often seen as romantic. Some Japanese groups use the French language, such as [[Malice Mizer]] or [[Versailles (band)|Versailles]], named after the [[Château de Versailles]]. [[Charles Aznavour]] and [[Mireille Mathieu]] are widely recognized in Japan.

===Africa===
Beginning in the 1920s, [[Raï|Raï music]] developed in Algeria as a combination of rural and urban music. Often viewed as a form of resistance towards censorship, many of the conventional values of the old raï became modernized with instruments, synthesizers and modern equipment. Later performers added influences from [[funk]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[rock and roll|rock]] and other styles, creating most notably a pop genre called [[lover's raï]]. Performers include [[Rachid Taha]] and [[Faudel]]. Originating of the city of [[Oran]], raï shot to the top of the French, Swiss and Dutch charts in 1992 with the release of [[Khaled (musician)|Khaled]]'s single ''[[Didi (song)|Didi]]''.

==Music journals==
===Volume!===
One journal that provides coverage of popular music in France along with popular music history is [[Volume!]]. ''Volume!'' (subtitled in French:''La revue des musiques populaires'' - The journal of popular music studies) is a biannual (May & November) [[peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[academic journal]] "''dedicated to the study of contemporary [[popular music]]''".<ref>[http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=ANSO_102_0403 Cairn.info Thomas, 2010: 404].</ref> It is published by Éditions Mélanie Seteun, a publishing association specialized in popular music. The journal has both French and English editions.<ref>[http://volume.revues.org/2135 List of articles in English can be found]</ref> ''Volume!'' was established in 2002 under the title ''Copyright Volume!'' by Gérôme Guibert,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.univ-paris3.fr/1283238432020/0/fiche___annuaireksup/ |title=Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris3 - M. GUIBERT Gérôme |publisher=[[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle]] |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> Marie-Pierre Bonniol, and Samuel Étienne, and obtained its current name in 2008. Étienne ([[Université de la Polynésie Française]]) was its first [[editor-in-chief]] (2002–2008), before Guibert ([[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle]]) took over in 2008.<ref>[http://iaspmfrancophone.online.fr/colloque2007/Looseley_2007.pdf Transcript] of Guibert's presentation during the 2007 francophone IASPM conference. ([https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://iaspmfrancophone.online.fr/colloque2007/Looseley_2007.pdf&ei=tnUbTpm1JILt0gHH_aCWBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSynth%25C3%25A8se%2Bdu%2Bpremier%2Bcolloque%2Bde%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599IASPM%2B%25E2%2580%2593%2Bbranche%2Bfrancophone%2Bd%25E2%2580%2599Europe%2Borganis%25C3%25A9%2Bles%2B8%2Bet%2B9%2Bf%25C3%25A9vrier%2B2007%2B%25C3%25A0%2BLouvain-La-Neuve,%2BBelgique%2Bpar%2BChristophe%2BPirenne.%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GWYA_enUS318US318%26prmd%3Divnso English translation])</ref><ref>Philippe Le Guern (2003), ""The Study of Popular Music between Sociology and Aesthetics: A Survey of Current Research in France", in Hugh Dauncey & Steve Cannon (eds), ''Popular music in France from chanson to techno : culture, identity, and society'', Burlington, Ashgate: 7-26.</ref><ref>"[…] ''de nouvelles revues ont réussi à voir le jour et constituent des lieux d’expression appréciables, notamment pour les jeunes chercheurs qui peuvent y faire leurs premières armes, ou pour des auteurs étrangers peu ou mal connus en France. ''[footnote:] ''On pense notamment à la revue Volume dont le premier numéro voit le jour en 2002 et qui a su accompagner la diversification des musiques actuelles''." [http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RES_141_0015 Philippe Le Guern (2007)].</ref>

==See also==
* [[History of music in Paris]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

* Boll, André, and Émil Damais. ''Répertoire analytique de la musique française, des origins à nos jours''. Paris: Horizons de France, 1948.
* Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle. "Music of the Regions". 2000.  In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark  with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 103–113. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}

==External links==
* [https://french-kisses.blogspot.com French-kisses, A blog in English dedicated to French music]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005y1d7 BBC Radio 3 Audio (105 minutes): Marseille - Mahgreb Rap, Algerian Rai, Pacific Creole, Congolese Rumba.] Accessed November 25, 2010.
*{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=France&debut=0&bool=AND Audio clips: Traditional music of France.] [[Musée d'ethnographie de Genève]]. Accessed November 25, 2010.

{{France topics}}
{{Music of Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Music Of France}}
[[Category:Music of France|*]]
[[Category:Performing arts pages with videographic documentation]]
<!---This category is going to be subrogated to [[Category:Performing arts pages with audio/videographic documentation]]---->