View source for NESSIE

{{short description|European research program in cryptography, 2000-2003}}
{{other uses|Nessie (disambiguation)}}
{{primary sources|date=April 2015}}

'''NESSIE''' ('''New European Schemes for Signatures, Integrity and Encryption''') was a [[Europe]]an research project funded from 2000 to 2003 to identify secure [[cryptography|cryptographic]] [[Cryptographic primitive|primitives]]. The project was comparable to the [[NIST]] [[AES process]] and the Japanese Government-sponsored [[CRYPTREC]] project, but with notable differences from both. In particular, there is both overlap and disagreement between the selections and recommendations from NESSIE and CRYPTREC (as of the August 2003 draft report). The NESSIE participants include some of the foremost active [[cryptographer]]s in the world, as does the CRYPTREC project.

NESSIE was intended to identify and evaluate quality cryptographic designs in several categories, and to that end issued a public call for submissions in March 2000. Forty-two were received, and in February 2003 twelve of the submissions were selected. In addition, five algorithms already publicly known, but not explicitly submitted to the project, were chosen as "selectees". The project has publicly announced that "no weaknesses were found in the selected designs".

==Selected algorithms==
The selected algorithms and their submitters or developers are listed below. The five already publicly known, but not formally submitted to the project, are marked with a "*". Most may be used by anyone for any purpose without needing to seek a patent license from anyone; a license agreement is needed for those marked with a "#", but the licensors of those have committed to "reasonable non-discriminatory license terms for all interested", according to a NESSIE project press release.

None of the six [[stream cipher]]s submitted to NESSIE were selected because every one fell to [[cryptanalysis]].  This surprising result led to the [[eSTREAM]] project.

===Block ciphers===
*[[MISTY1]]: [[Mitsubishi]] Electric
*[[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]]*: (Advanced Encryption Standard) ([[NIST]], [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] Pub 197) (aka [[Rijndael]])
*[[Camellia (cipher)|Camellia]]: [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone]] and Mitsubishi Electric
*[[SHACAL-2]]: [[Gemplus]]

===Collision-Resistant Hash Functions===
*[[WHIRLPOOL]]: Scopus Tecnologia S.A. and K.U.Leuven
*[[SHA-256]]*, [[SHA-384]]* and [[SHA-512]]*: [[NSA]], (US FIPS 180-2)

===Message Authentication Codes===
*[[UMAC (cryptography)|UMAC]]: [[Intel]] Corp, Univ. of Nevada at Reno, IBM Research Laboratory, [[Technion]] Institute, and Univ. of California at Davis
*[[Two-Track-MAC]]: [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]] and debis AG
*EMAC: Berendschot et al.
*[[HMAC]]*: (ISO/IEC 9797-1);

===Asymmetric encryption schemes===
*[[PSEC-KEM]]: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
*RSA-KEM*: [[RSA (algorithm)|RSA]] [[key exchange]] mechanism (draft of ISO/IEC 18033-2)
*[[ACE Encrypt]]#: [[IBM]] Zurich Research Laboratory

===Digital signature algorithms===
*[[RSA-PSS]]: [[RSA Laboratories]]
*[[ECDSA]]: Certicom Corp
*[[SFLASH]]: Schlumberger Corp (SFLASH was broken in 2007<ref name="SFLASH" /> and should not be used anymore).

===Asymmetric Identification Schemes===
*[[GPS-auth]]: Ecole Normale Supérieure, France Télécom, and La Poste

==Other entrants==

Entrants that did not get past the first stage of the contest include [[NOEKEON|Noekeon]], [[Q (cipher)|Q]], [[Nimbus (cipher)|Nimbus]], [[NUSH]], [[Grand Cru (cipher)|Grand Cru]], [[Anubis (cipher)|Anubis]], [[Hierocrypt]], [[SC2000]], and [[LILI-128]].

==Project contractors==
The contractors and their representatives in the project were:

* [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]] (Prime contractor): [[Bart Preneel]], [[Alex Biryukov]], Antoon Bosselaers, Christophe de Cannière, Bart Van Rompay
* [[École Normale Supérieure]]: [[Jacques Stern (cryptographer)|Jacques Stern]], Louis Granboulan, Gwenaëlle Martinet
* [[Royal Holloway]], [[University of London]]: [[Sean Murphy (cryptographer)|Sean Murphy]], Alex Dent, Rachel Shipsey, Christine Swart, Juliette White
* [[Siemens|Siemens AG]]: Markus Dichtl, Marcus Schafheutle
* [[Technion]] Institute of Technology: [[Eli Biham]], [[Orr Dunkelman]], Vladimir Furman
* [[Université catholique de Louvain]]: [[Jean-Jacques Quisquater]], Mathieu Ciet, Francesco Sica
* [[Universitetet i Bergen]]: [[Lars Knudsen]], Håvard Raddum

==See also==
* [[ECRYPT]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="SFLASH">{{Citation
|author1=Vivien Dubois |author2=Pierre-Alain Fouque |author3=Adi Shamir |author4=Jacques Stern
| date       = 2007-04-20
| title      = Practical Cryptanalysis of SFLASH
| url        = https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/141
| access-date = 2017-03-03
}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/nessie The homepage of the NESSIE project]

{{Cryptography navbox | public-key | block | hash}}

[[Category:College and university associations and consortia in Europe]]
[[Category:Cryptography contests]]
[[Category:Cryptography standards]]
[[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]]
[[Category:Internet and the European Union]]
[[Category:Research projects]]