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{{Redirect|Nauplia|other uses|Nauplius (disambiguation){{!}}Nauplius}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos
| name = Nafplio
| name_local = Ναύπλιο
|type = municipality
| image_map = 2011 Dimos Nafplieon.png
| periph = [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]]
| periphunit = [[Argolis]]
| pop_municipality = 32625
| area_municipality = 390.2
| pop_municunit = 19375
| area_municunit = 33.62
| pop_community = 14532
| population_as_of = 2021
| coordinates = {{coord|37|33|57|N|22|48|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code = 211 00
| area_code = 2752
| licence = ΑΡ
| website = [http://www.nafplio.gr www.nafplio.gr]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
 |perrow = 2/2/2/1
 |border = infobox
 |total_width = 300
 |image1 = Δημαρχείο Ναυπλίου, Nafplio Town Hall.jpg
 |image2 = Palamidi castle - Agios Andreas Bastion.jpg
 |image3 = Οδός Όθωνος 8196.jpg
 |image4 = Ρολόι Ναυπλίου 7794.jpg
 |image5 = Μπούρτζι 8266.jpg
 |image6 = Ναύπλιο 7797.jpg
 |image7 = Nafplion Greece.jpg
 |image8 = Panorama of Nafplio and periphery.jpg
 |image9 = Κόμβος Πειραιώς, Λιμάνι Ναυπλίου.jpg
 |color = white
}}
| caption_skyline = '''Clockwise from top right:''' [[Palamidi|Palamidi Fortress]], [[Acronauplia]] Clock Tower, Nafplio Old Town, Constitution Square, [[Bourtzi Castle]], Othonos Street, Nafplio Town Hall, central square of Nafplio, view of Nafplio and the surrounding areas, [[roundabout]] at the entrance of the port
| city_flag =
| city_seal =
| districts =
| mayor = Dimitrios Orfanos<ref name=mayor>{{Cite web |url=https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9236/ |title=Municipality of Nafplio, Municipal elections{{snd}}October 2023 |publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Greece)|Ministry of Interior]]}}</ref>
| party =
| since = 2023
| elevation = 10
}}
[[File:Nafplio Town Hall.jpg|thumb|View of the Nafplio Town Hall on Βασ. Κωνσταντίνου (Vasileos Konstantinou).]]
'''Nafplio''' or '''Nauplio''' ({{langx|el|Ναύπλιο|Náfplio}}) is a coastal city located in the [[Peloponnese]] in [[Greece]]. It is the capital of the regional unit of [[Argolis]] and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the [[Middle Ages]] during the [[Frankokratia]] as part of the lordship of [[Argos and Nauplia]], held initially by the [[de la Roche]] following the [[Fourth Crusade]] before coming under the [[Republic of Venice]] and, lastly, the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The city was the second capital of the [[First Hellenic Republic]] and of the [[Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach)|Kingdom of Greece]], from 1827 until 1834.

==Name==
The name of the town changed several times over the centuries. The [[modern Greek]] name of the town is ''Nafplio'' (Ναύπλιο).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2010/10/06/%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82/ |title=Ναύπλιον – Ετυμολογία του Ονόματος |author=« ΑΡΓΟΛΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΕΙΑΚΗ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΘΗΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ |publisher=Argolikivivliothiki.gr |access-date=2012-01-26 |archive-date=2012-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104845/http://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2010/10/06/%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[English language|modern English]], the most frequently used forms are ''Nauplia'' and ''Navplion''.<ref>See Merriam-Webster's (1993), p. 1495.</ref>

The oldest reference to Nafplio appears to be in the so-called "Aegean List" from the [[Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III]], dating to 14th century BCE, where it is recorded as {{transliteration|egy|npry}} ({{transliteration|egy|nw-py-r-y}}).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cline |first1=Eric H. |last2=Stannish |first2=Steven M. |title=Sailing the Great Green Sea? Amenhotep III's "Aegean List" from Kom el-Hetan, Once More |journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=2011 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=6, 9, 12 |doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v03i2_cline}}</ref>

In [[History of Europe#Classical Antiquity|Classical Antiquity]], it was known as ''Nauplia'' (Ναυπλία) in [[Attic Greek]]<ref name="LiddellScottJones1940">See Liddell and Scott revised by Jones (1940), Ναυπλία. Retrieved 2012-01-26.</ref><ref name="LiddellScott1889">See Liddell and Scott (1889), Ναυπλία. Retrieved 2012-01-26.</ref><ref name="Bailly1901">See Bailly (1901), p. 585, Ναυπλία. Retrieved 2013-07-03.</ref><ref name="Smith1854">See Smith (1854), NAU´PLIA. Retrieved 2012-01-26.</ref> and ''Naupliē'' (Ναυπλίη) in [[Ionian Greek]].<ref name="LiddellScottJones1940"/> In [[Latin language|Latin]], it was called ''Nauplia''.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v20OAAAAQAAJ |title=Entick's English-Latin dictionary |date=2007-11-20 |access-date=2012-01-26 |last1=Entick |first1=John |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615185617/https://books.google.com/books?id=v20OAAAAQAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[History of Europe#Post-classical and Medieval Europe|Middle Ages]], several variants were used in [[Byzantine Greek]], including ''Náfplion'' (Ναύπλιον), ''Anáplion'' (Ἀνάπλιον), and ''Anáplia'' (Ἀνάπλια).<ref name="Smith1854"/>

During the [[History of Europe#Late Middle Ages|Late Middle Ages]] and [[History of Europe#Early modern Europe|early modern period]], under [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] domination, the town was known in [[Italian language|Italian]] as ''Napoli di Romania'', after the medieval usage of "Romania" to refer to the lands of the [[Byzantine Empire]], and to distinguish it from ''Napoli'' ([[Naples, Italy|Naples]]) in [[Italy]].

Also during the early modern period, but this time under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule, the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] name of the town was ''Mora Yenişehir'', after [[Morea]], a medieval name for the [[Peloponnese]], and ''"yeni şehir"'', the Turkish term for "new city" (apparently a translation from the Greek Νεάπολη, Italian ''Napoli''). The Ottomans also called it ''Anabolı''.

In the 19th century and early 20th century, the town was called indiscriminately ''Náfplion'' (Ναύπλιον) and ''Nafplio'' (Ναύπλιο) in [[modern Greek]]. Both forms were used in official documents and travel guides. This explains why the old form ''Náfplion'' (sometimes transliterated to ''Navplion'') still occasionally survives up to this day.

==Geography==
{{wide image|Вид на Напфлио.jpg|750px|Panorama of modern Nafplion.}}

Nafplio is situated on the [[Argolic Gulf]] in the northeast [[Peloponnese]]. Most of the old town is on a peninsula jutting into the gulf; this peninsula forms a naturally protected bay that is enhanced by the addition of human-made [[mole (architecture)|moles]]. The city was originally almost isolated by marshes; landfill projects, primarily since the 1970s, have nearly doubled its land area.

==Municipality==
[[File:2011 Dimos Nafplieon.png|thumb|200px|Nafplio municipality]]

The municipality Nafplio was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web |url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg. |title=ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text |language=el |publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]] |access-date=2021-09-07 |archive-date=2021-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193509/http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg. |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Asini]]
*[[Midea, Greece|Midea]]
*Nafplio
*[[Nea Tiryntha]]

The municipality has an area of 390.241&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, the municipal unit 33.619&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web |url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |access-date=2016-11-15 |archive-date=2015-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The municipal unit Nafplio consists of the communities Nafplio, [[Aria, Argolis|Aria]], Lefkakia and Pyrgiotika.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]]}}</ref>

==Population==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Community !! Municipal unit !! Municipality
|-
| 1991 || 10,611 || - || -
|-
| 1991 || 10,897 || 14,704|| -
|-
| 2001 || 13,802 || 16,885 || -
|-
| 2011 || 14,200 || 18,910 || 33,356
|-
| 2021 || 14,532 || 19,375 || 32,625
|}

==History==

===Mythical origins and Classical antiquity===
The area surrounding Nafplio has been inhabited since ancient times, but few signs of this, aside from the walls of the [[Acronauplia]], remain visible. The town has been a stronghold on several occasions during [[History of Europe#Classical Antiquity|Classical Antiquity]]. It seems to be mentioned on an Egyptian funerary inscription of [[Amenophis III]] as ''Nuplija''.<ref>See Latacz (2004), p. 131.</ref> Nauplia ({{langx|grc|ἡ Ναυπλία}}) was the port of [[Ancient Argos|Argos]], in [[ancient Argolis]]. It was situated upon a rocky peninsula, connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. It was a very ancient place, and is said to have derived its name from [[Nauplius (mythology)|Nauplius]], the son of [[Poseidon]] and [[Amymone]], and the father of [[Palamedes (Greek mythology)|Palamedes]], though it more probably owed its name, as [[Strabo]] has observed, to its harbour.<ref>ἀπὸ τοῦ ταῖς ναυσὶ προσπλεῖσθαι, {{Cite Strabo|viii. p.368}}</ref><ref name="Pausanias">{{Cite Pausanias|2|38|2}}</ref> [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] tells us that the Nauplians were [[ancient Egyptians|Egyptians]] belonging to the colony which [[Danaus]] brought to Argos;<ref>{{Cite Pausanias|4|35|2}}</ref> and from the position of their city upon a promontory running out into the sea, which is quite different from the site of the earlier Grecian cities, it is not improbable that it was originally a settlement made by strangers from the East.<ref>{{Cite DGRG |title=Nauplia}}</ref>

Nauplia was at first independent of Argos, and a member of the maritime confederacy which held its meetings in the island of [[Calaureia]].<ref name="Strabo">{{Cite Strabo|viii. p.374}}</ref> About the time of the [[Second Messenian War]], it was conquered by the Argives; and the [[ancient Sparta|Lacedaemonians]] gave to its expelled citizens the town of [[Methone (Messenia)|Methone]] in [[ancient Messenia|Messenia]], where they continued to reside even after the restoration of the Messenian state by the [[Thebes, Greece|Theban]] general [[Epaminondas]].<ref>{{Cite Pausanias|4|24|4}}, 4.27.8, 4.35.2.</ref> Argos then took the place of Nauplia in the Calaureian confederacy; and from this time Nauplia appears in history only as the seaport of Argos.<ref>ὁ Ναύπλιος λίμην, [[Euripides]] ''Orest.'' 767; λιμένες Ναύπλιοι, ''Electr.'' 451.</ref> As such it is mentioned by [[Strabo]],<ref name="Strabo" /> but in the time of Pausanias (2nd century) the place was deserted. Pausanias noticed the ruins of the walls of a temple of [[Poseidon]], certain forts, and a fountain named Canathus, by washing in which [[Hera]] was said to have renewed her virginity every year.<ref name="Pausanias" />

===Byzantine and Frankish rule===
{{Further|Byzantine Greece|Frankokratia|Lordship of Argos and Nauplia}}
[[File:Palamidi castle - Agios Andreas Bastion.jpg|thumb|The castle of [[Palamidi]]]]
[[File:Μπούρτζι 8266.jpg|thumb|right|View of [[Bourtzi (Nafplio)|Bourtzi]].]]
[[File:Napoli di Romagna by Giacomo Franco.jpg|thumb|Map of the city of Nafplion (''Napoli di Romania''), 1597.]]
[[File:Peter von Hess - The Entry of King Othon of Greece into Nauplia - WGA11386.jpg|thumb|''The Entry of King [[Otto of Greece|Otto]] into Nauplia'' by [[Peter von Hess]]]]
The [[Acronauplia]] has walls dating from pre-classical times. Subsequently, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], [[Principality of Achaea|Franks]], [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]], and [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] added to the fortifications. In the Middle Ages, Nauplia was called τὸ Ναύπλιον, τὸ Ἀνάπλιον, or τὰ Ἀνάπλια. It became a place of considerable importance, and has continued so down to the present day. In the time of the [[Crusades]] it first emerges from obscurity. Nafplio was taken in 1212 by French Crusaders of the [[Principality of Achaea]]. It became part of the lordship of [[Argos and Nauplia]], which in 1388 was sold to the Republic of Venice,<ref>''Diplomatarium'' No. 127.</ref> who regarded it as one of their most important places in the Levant. During the subsequent 150 years, the lower city was expanded and fortified, and new fortifications added to Acronauplia.<ref>Wright, Ch. 1.</ref>

===Venetian and Ottoman rule===
{{Further|Stato da Màr|Ottoman Greece}}
The city, under Venetian rule twice repelled [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] attacks and sieges, first by [[Mehmed the Conqueror]] during the [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)]] and then by [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. The city surrendered to the Ottomans in 1540, who renamed it Mora Yenişehri and established it as the seat of a [[Sanjak of Mora|sanjak]].

The [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] retook Nafplio in 1685 and made it the capital of their "[[Kingdom of the Morea]]". The city was strengthened by building the castle of [[Palamidi]], which was in fact the last major construction of the [[Stato da Mar|Venetian empire]] overseas. However, only 80 soldiers were assigned to defend the city and it was easily retaken by the Ottomans in 1715. Palamidi is located on a hill north of the old town. During the [[Greek War of Independence]], it played a major role. It was captured by forces of [[Staikos Staikopoulos|Staikopoulos]] and [[Theodoros Kolokotronis|Kolokotronis]] in November 1822.

===19th century: Independence and first capital===
{{See also|First Hellenic Republic}}

During the [[Greek War of Independence]], Nafplio was a major Ottoman stronghold and was besieged for more than a year. The town finally surrendered on account of forced starvation. After its capture, because of its strong fortifications, it became the seat of the [[First Hellenic Republic|provisional government of Greece]].

Count [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], first head of state of newly liberated Greece, set foot on the Greek mainland for the first time in Nafplio on 7 January 1828 and made it the official capital of Greece in 1829. He was assassinated on 9 October 1831 by members of the [[Mavromichalis]] family, on the steps of the church of Saint Spyridon in Nafplio. After his assassination, a period of anarchy followed, until the arrival of King [[Otto of Greece|Otto]] and the establishment of the new [[Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach)|Kingdom of Greece]]. Nafplio remained the capital of the kingdom until 1834, when King Otto decided to move the capital to [[Athens]].

===20th and 21st centuries===

Tourism emerged as an important economic activity following the [[Greek Civil War]], and Nafplio became one of the first areas to develop mass tourism in the mainland. Nowadays it is one of the most popular destinations in Greece and attracts a large variety of tourists, with the most coming from Athens and other cities in Greece, followed by many tourists from Germany, France, Scandinavia, Russia, the Balkans and the United States. Due to its architectural legacy, its proximity to the capital, Athens, and its mild and pleasant climate it attracts visitors all-year round, and it is the most popular destination for weekend or one-day excursions.

Apart from tourism agriculture is a very important sector and the city is also surrounded by a fertile irrigated plain and produces oranges, lemons, peaches, apricots, olives and almonds. The Port of Nafplio is used only for bulk cargo due to its insufficient depth and also hosts a great number of leisure ships during the tourist season. The city has not developed any industrial activity of note and all secondary activities are related to agriculture or the construction industry.

{{wide image|Nafplion Greece.jpg|550px|align-cap=center|Plateia Syntagmatos (Constitution Square).}}

==Transportation==
[[File:Nafplion_railway_station_11.jpg|thumb|Nafplio train station in 2019.]]

===Bus===
Since 1952, the town has been served by public bus ([[KTEL (Greece)|KTEL]] Argolida), which provides daily services to all destinations in region as well as other major Greek centers such as Athens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Company |url=http://www.ktelargolida.gr/?module=default&pages_id=4&lang=en |publisher=K.T.E.L Argolidas |access-date=6 April 2016 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419225623/http://www.ktelargolida.gr/?module=default&pages_id=4&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Transportation Means |url=http://www.nafplio.gr/en/transportationmeansmenu.html |website=Municipality of Nafplion |access-date=6 April 2016 |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709165857/http://www.nafplio.gr/en/transportationmeansmenu.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The journey to Athens takes two to two hours and 20 minutes, going via Corinth/Isthmos and [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Map/Transport |url=http://www.visitnafplio.com/visitnafplio.com/Map_Transport.html |website=Visit Nafplio |access-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401194143/http://www.visitnafplio.com/visitnafplio.com/Map_Transport.html |archive-date=1 April 2016}}</ref>

===Train===
Rail service began in 1886 using an earlier station that still stands.<ref>{{cite web |title=The historical railway station of Nafplio |url=http://www.trainose.gr/en/%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85/ |publisher=TrainOSE |access-date=6 April 2016 |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422074833/http://www.trainose.gr/en/%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The town is connected by a branch line of ten kilometers from Argos to Nafplio. In 2011, the Corinth–[[Argos, Greece|Argos]]–Nafplio train service was suspended during the [[Greek financial crisis]]. The [[Peloponnese (region)|Region of the Peloponnese]] is currently trying to secure funding to restore railway services and modernize the line.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zikakou |first1=Ioanna |title=Hellenic Railway to Reach Nafplio |url=https://ypodomes.com/meso-eyropis-i-epanaleitoyrgia-tis-grammis-korinthos-nayplio/ |publisher=ypodomes.com |access-date=27 August 2021 |date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827175050/https://ypodomes.com/meso-eyropis-i-epanaleitoyrgia-tis-grammis-korinthos-nayplio/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Architecture ==
[[File:Ναύπλιο 7797.jpg|thumb|Traditional houses. View from [[Acronauplia]].]]
[[File:Ανδριάντας του Κολοκοτρώνη, Ναύπλιο 8209.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]]]]
[[File:Τραβέρσα Γκαμπέλο 7792.jpg|thumb|Fortifications of Acronauplia]]

[[Acronauplia]] is the oldest part of the city though a modern hotel has been built on it. Until the thirteenth century, it was a town on its own. The arrival of the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] and the [[Franks]] transformed it into part of the town fortifications. Other fortifications of the city include the [[Palamidi]] and [[Bourtzi (Nafplio)|Bourtzi]], which is located in the middle of the harbour.

Nafplio maintains its own distinct traditional architectural style with many colourful buildings around the old town, influenced by the Venetians, due to their domination between 1338–1540 and during the [[Kingdom of the Morea]] and to a much lower degree by the Ottomans. Furthermore the city also contains a great number of eclecticist and neoclassical buildings and even a smaller number of modernist buildings such as Hotel Amphitryon (designed in the 1950s by architect Kleon Krantonellis).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktirio.gr/el/%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1/%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1/%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF-%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%89%CE%BD-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC-%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-n%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85 |title=Ξενοδοχείο "Αμφιτρύων" στην παλαιά πόλη του Nαυπλίου |access-date=2021-08-27 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827175050/https://www.ktirio.gr/el/%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1/%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1/%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF-%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%89%CE%BD-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC-%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-n%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city also contains the only example of [[Mycenaean Revival architecture]],<ref>"Greece At Its Most Greek," by Phyllis rose, September 10, 2000, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE0D91631F933A2575AC0A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=4 ''New York Times''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813050211/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/10/magazine/greece-at-its-most-greek.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=4 |date=2023-08-13 }}</ref> the [[National Bank of Greece]] branch of Nafplio.

It is one of the few Greek cities to have been spared the widespread destruction of traditional architecture during the process of ''[[Modern Greek architecture#Antiparochi laws|antiparochí]]'', due to the efforts of the archaeologist Evangelia Protonotariou Deilaki, whose actions went against the prevailing trend of the post-war era.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.avgi.gr/article/10811/7692859/1-ste-mneme-mias-kakias-archaiologou |title=Πώς σώθηκε το Ναύπλιο |access-date=2020-04-14 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731110028/http://www.avgi.gr/article/10811/7692859/1-ste-mneme-mias-kakias-archaiologou |url-status=live }}</ref>

Around the city can be found several sculptures and statues. They are related mostly with the modern history of Nafplio, such as the statues of [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], [[Otto of Greece]] and [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]].

==Quarters==
*Gyalós
*Kourti
*Old town
*Psaromachalas
*Prónoia (planned by [[Stamatis Voulgaris]])

==Culture==
===Cuisine===
Local specialties include:
*''[[Gogges]]'' (Goges), pasta
*''Striftades/Striftaria'', hand made pasta
* ''Ankinares'',  vegetable
*''Giosa'', lamb or goat meat
*''Bogana'', lamb meat with potatoes
* ''Portokalopita'', sweet

===Museums===
*[[Archaeological Museum of Nafplion]]

===Education===
Since 2003, the [[University of Peloponnese]] has incorporated a new faculty, the School of Fine Arts. In 2007, a single department exists, the Department of Theatre,<ref>[http://www.uop.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=5&Itemid=80 Faculties and Departments.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230323/https://www.uop.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=5&Itemid=80 |date=2017-09-25 }} University of Peloponnese website. www.uop.gr.</ref> offering four majors:<ref>{{in lang|el}} [http://depts.uop.gr/departments/depart14/spoudes.shtml Study Plan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104846/http://depts.uop.gr/departments/depart14/spoudes.shtml |date=2012-03-17 }}. University of Peloponnese, Department of Theater Studies website.</ref>
*[[Acting]] and [[Theatre director|Directing]]
*[[Dance]]
*[[Set design|Set]] and [[Costume design|Costume]] design
*Theatrical Studies<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pelopas.uop.gr/UK/departments.shtml |title=University of Peloponnese |access-date=2011-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083545/http://pelopas.uop.gr/UK/departments.shtml |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:Charilaos Trikoupis.gif|thumb|140px|[[Charilaos Trikoupis]] was born in Nafplio]]

*Nicolas "the Greek" (fl. 1519–1522), one of the 18 survivors of the expedition that completed the first [[circumnavigation]] of the world on the ''[[Victoria (ship)|Victoria]]'' in 1519–1522
*[[Tellos Agras]] (1880–1907), fighter in the Greek [[Struggle for Macedonia]]
*[[Leonidas Drosis]] (d. 1882), sculptor
*[[Nina Bawden]] (1925–2012), writer (resident)
*[[Mercurio Bua|Merkur Bua]], 16th century Albanian Stratiot.
*[[Timoleon Filimon]] (1833-1898), politician
*[[Austen Kark]] (1926–2002), managing director of the [[BBC World Service]] (resident)
*[[Nikos Karouzos]] (1926–1990), poet
*[[Vangelis Kazan]] (1936–2008), actor
*[[Sotirios Sotiropoulos]] (1831–1898), lawyer, politician and former Prime Minister of Greece
*[[Angelos Terzakis]] (1907–1979), writer
*[[Charilaos Trikoupis]] (1832–1896), [[Prime Minister of Greece]] seven times from 1875 until 1895
*[[Panagiotis Tachtsidis]] (born 1991), football player currently playing in Saudi Professional League for [[AL Fay-ha FC]]
*[[Emmanouil Zymvrakakis (army general)|Emmanouil Zymvrakakis]] (1861–1928), Greek general of World War I

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Nafplio is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Burgas]], [[Bulgaria]] (1984)<ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf |title=Twinnings |access-date=2013-08-25 |work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece |archive-date=2016-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115172503/http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Cetinje]], [[Montenegro]] since 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cetinje.me/index.php/en/local-government/international-cooperation |title=Royal city of Cetinje |access-date=2013-09-21 |archive-date=2013-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923065848/http://www.cetinje.me/index.php/en/local-government/international-cooperation |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kronstadt]], [[Russia]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Martignas-sur-Jalle]], [[France]] since 1987
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Menton, France]] since 1996<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.menton.com/pages-fr/menton-ot.html |title=Office du tourisme de Menton |access-date=2013-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923015655/http://www.menton.com/pages-fr/menton-ot.html |archive-date=2013-09-23}}</ref>
||
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Niles, Illinois|Niles]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]] since 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vniles.com/Content/templates/?a=149 |title=Niles Sister Cities |year=2010 |work=Official website |publisher=The Village of Niles |access-date=2010-01-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322065455/http://www.vniles.com/Content/templates/?a=149 |archive-date=2009-03-22}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ottobrunn]], [[Germany]] since 1978
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Poti]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (1990)<ref name="Greek twinnings"/>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Royan]], [[France]] since 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ville-royan.fr/demarches/deliberations/2005/06-02/compte_rendu_sommaire.pdf |title=City council minutes |work=Royan city hall |date=2005-06-02 |access-date=2013-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923025115/http://www.ville-royan.fr/demarches/deliberations/2005/06-02/compte_rendu_sommaire.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Ypsilanti, Michigan|Ypsilanti]], [[Michigan]], [[United States]] since 1997
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Erftstadt]], [[Germany]]
|}

===Consulates===
The city hosts honorary [[consulates]] from the following countries:

*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Diplomatic missions of Italy|Italy]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Diplomatic missions of Russia|Russia]]

==Sports==
*[[Pannafpliakos F.C.]], football

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:Ναός Κοίμησης Θεοτόκου Μέρμπακα (Α.Τριαδα).jpg|Byzantine church (12th century)
File:Nauplia Denkmal.jpg|Monument for the [[Morea Expedition]], Philellinon Square
File:Πόλη του Ναυπλίου, μεταξύ του σιδηροδρομικού σταθμού και της θέσης Πέντε Αδέλφια (6).jpg|View of [[Acronauplia]]
File:Ρολόι Ναυπλίου 7794.jpg|Clock tower in Acronauplia
File:Nafplion view from Palamidi castle.JPG|View from Palamidi
File:Ναύπλιο 001.JPG|The building of [[National Bank of Greece]] (example of [[Mycenaean Revival architecture]])
File:Πλατεία Τριών Ναυάρχων 7913.jpg|Trion Navarchon (Three admirals) Square with the monument to [[Demetrius Ypsilantis]]
File:Άγιος Νικόλαος, Ναύπλιο 8171.jpg|The church of [[Saint Nicholas]]
File:Άγιος Γεώργιος, Ναύπλιο 8430.jpg|St. George Church
File:Οδός Όθωνος 8196.jpg|Othonos Street
File:Ναός Αγίου Σπυρίδωνα, Ναύπλιο 7934.jpg|St Spyridon church, where [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] was murdered
File:NafplioStreet.JPG|Street of Nafplio
File:Τζαμί_Τριανόν_8311.jpg|[[Trianon Mosque]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[History of Greece]]
*[[Politics of Greece]]
*[[List of traditional Greek place names]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Bailly |first=Anatole |title=Abrégé du dictionnaire grec-français |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris, France |url=http://home.scarlet.be/tabularium/bailly/585.htm |year=1901}}.
* Entick, John. ''A Compendious Dictionary of the English and Latin Tongues.'' New edition carefully revised and augmented throughout by Rev. M.G. Sarjant. London, 1825. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=v20OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PT934])
* Ellingham, Mark; Dubin, Marc; Jansz, Natania; and Fisher, John (1995). ''Greece, the Rough Guide''. Rough Guides. {{ISBN|1-85828-131-8}}.
* Gerola, Giuseppe (1930–31). "Le fortificazioni di Napoli di Romania," ''Annuario dell regia scuola archeologicca di Atene e delle missioni italiane in oriente 22-24.'' pp.&nbsp;346–410.
* Gregory, Timothy E. (1983). ''Nauplion.'' Athens.
* Karouzos, Semnes (1979). ''To Nauplio.'' Athens.
* Kolokotrones, Theodoros (1969). ''Memoirs from the Greek War of Independence, 1821-1833.'' E. M. Edmunds, trans. Originally printed as ''Kolokotrones: The Klepht and the Warrior. Sixty Years of Peril and Daring. An Autobiography.'' London, 1892; reprint, Chicago.
* Lamprynides, Michael G. (1898). ''Ê Nauplia.'' Athens, reprint 1950.
* {{citation |last=Latacz |first=Joachim |title=Troy and Homer: Towards the Solution of an Old Mystery |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=2004}}.
* {{citation |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford, UK |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D*naupli%2Fa |year=1889}}.
* {{citation |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |others=revised and augmented by Sir Henry Stuart Jones |title=A Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford, UK |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*naupli%2Fa |year=1940}}.
* {{citation |last=Luttrell |first=Anthony |year=1966 |contribution=The Latins of Argos and Nauplia: 1311-1394 |title=Papers of the British School at Rome, ''Vol. 34'' |pages=34–55}}.
* McCulloch, J. R. (1866). "A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical of the Various Countries, Places, and Principal Natural Objects in the World". New edition carefully revised. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, UK. p.&nbsp;457. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=kbwBAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA457])
* {{citation |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |edition=10th |publisher=Merriam-Webster |location=Springfield, Mass., US |year=1993}}.
* Schaefer, Wulf (1961). "Neue Untersuchungen über die Baugeschichte Nauplias im Mittelalter," ''Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts''. Vol. 76, pp.&nbsp;156–214.
* {{citation |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=William |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DN%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dnauplia-geo02 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) |publisher=Walton and Maberly |location=London, UK |year=1854}}.
* Thomas, George Martin (1966). ''Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum''. B. Franklin, New York, US. ([https://openlibrary.org/books/OL16600593M/Diplomatarium_Veneto-Levantinum])
* Wright, Diana Gilliland (1999). ''Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian administration in 15th-Century Nauplion.'' Doctoral dissertation. The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, US.
{{refend}}

===Attribution===
{{refbegin}}
{{DGRG|title=Nauplia}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nafplion}}
* [http://www.nafplio.gr Municipality of Nafplio Official Website]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070324193739/http://nauplion.net/NauplionWall.html Historical images, poetry]}}
* [https://www.nafplion.eu Nafplion City]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Wikivoyage|Nafplion}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Nafplio
|North = [[Nea Tiryntha]]
|Northeast = [[Asklipieio]]
|East = 
|Southeast = Asini
|South = [[Asini]]
|Southwest = ''Argolic Gulf''
|West = ''[[Argolic Gulf]]''
|Northwest =
|image =
}}

{{Kallikratis-Peloponnese}}
{{Nafplio div}}
{{Stato da Mar}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nafplion| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Peloponnese (region)]]
[[Category:Populated places in Argolis]]
[[Category:Greek prefectural capitals]]
[[Category:Former national capitals]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece]]
[[Category:Stato da Màr]]
[[Category:Capitals of Greek states]]