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{{Short description|Japanese aircraft manufacturer and aviation engine manufacturer throughout World War II}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nakajima Aircraft Company
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| successor = [[Subaru Corporation|Fuji Heavy Industries (Subaru Corporation)]]<!-- or: | successors = -->
| founded = 1918<!-- if known: {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} in [[city]], country -->
| founder = [[Chikuhei Nakajima]]<!-- or: | founders = -->
| defunct = 1945<!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location_city = [[Tokyo]]
| hq_location_country = Japan
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| products = 
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}}
[[File:Chikuhei nakajima.jpg|thumb|upright|Founder, Chikuhei Nakajima]]
The {{Nihongo|'''Nakajima Aircraft Company'''|中島飛行機株式会社|Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha}} was a prominent [[Japan]]ese [[aircraft manufacturer]] and [[aviation engine]] manufacturer throughout [[World War II]]. It continues as the car and aircraft manufacturer [[Subaru Corporation|Subaru]].

==History==
[[File:Assembly work at Nakajima-Handa.jpg|thumb|Assembly work at Nakajima-Handa]]
The Nakajima Aircraft company was Japan's first aircraft manufacturer, and was founded in 1918 by [[Chikuhei Nakajima]], a naval engineer, and [[Seibei Kawanishi]], a textile manufacturer, as {{nihongo3|Nippon Aircraft||Nihon Hikoki}}. In 1919, the two founders split and Nakajima bought out Nihon Aircraft's factory with tacit help from the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. The company was renamed Nakajima Aircraft Company in 1919.<ref name="Odagiri-Goto">{{cite book | last = Odagiri | first = Hiroyuki | title = Technology and Industrial Development in Japan | publisher = Clarendon Press, Oxford | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-19-828802-6 | page = 216}}</ref>

The company's manufacturing facilities were:
* Tokyo plant
* Musashino plant
* Donryu plant
* Ota plant, near [[Ōta Station (Gunma)|Ōta Station]]. Visited by [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]] on November 16, 1934. Critically damaged by American bombardment on February 10, 1945. Currently a [[Subaru Corporation]] plant for [[kei trucks]].
* Koizumi plant, near [[Nishi-Koizumi station]]. Critically damaged by American bombardment on April 3, 1945. Currently a [[Sanyo]] plant.

==After World War II==
After [[Surrender of Japan|Japan's defeat in World War II]], the company was forced to close, as the production and research of aircraft was prohibited by the [[Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers]]. This had a severe impact on Nakajima as one of the two largest aircraft manufacturers in Japan; the second was [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] (MHI). Unlike MHI, Nakajima did not diversify into shipbuilding and general machinery, and so was forced to dissolve into a number of spin-off companies set up by its former managers, engineers, and workers. As a result, leading aeronautical engineers from the company, such as [[Ryoichi Nakagawa]], helped transform Japan's automobile industry.<ref name="Odagiri-Goto"/>

The company was reborn in 1953 as [[Subaru Corporation|Fuji Heavy Industries]], maker of [[Fuji Rabbit]] scooters and [[Subaru]] automobiles, and as Fuji Precision Industries (later renamed [[Prince Motor Company]], which merged with [[Nissan]] in August 1966), manufacturer of [[Prince Skyline]] and [[Prince Gloria]] automobiles. Fuji began aircraft production in the mid-1950s and produced military training aircraft and helicopters for the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]]. In 2017, it rebranded as [[Subaru Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Walsworth |first=Jack |date=March 31, 2017 |title=Fuji Heavy officially changing name to Subaru Corp. |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20170331/OEM/170339945/fuji-heavy-officially-changing-name-to-subaru-corp. |work=[[Automotive News]] |access-date=August 8, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.subaru.com.au/news/fuji-heavy-industries-ltd.-changes-company-name-subaru-corporation |title=Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. Changes Company Name to Subaru Corporation |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=March 31, 2018 |website=subaru.com.au |access-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320201112/https://www.subaru.com.au/news/fuji-heavy-industries-ltd.-changes-company-name-subaru-corporation |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Marking 100 years, Fuji Heavy changes name to Subaru |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/04/01/business/corporate-business/marking-100-years-fuji-heavy-changes-name-subaru/#.W2q7GC2B2i4 |work=[[Japan Times]] |date=April 1, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2018 }}</ref>

==Products==
===Naval aircraft===
[[File:B5N Type 97 Carrier Attack Bomber Kate B5N-25s.jpg|thumb|Nakajima B5N carrier attack bomber]]

====Fighter====
*[[Nakajima A1N|A1N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 3 carrier fighter|三式艦上戦闘機}} - 1927 carrier-borne fighter; licensed copy of the Gloster Gambet
*[[Nakajima A2N|A2N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 90 carrier fighter|九〇式艦上戦闘機|}} - 1930 carrier biplane fighter
*[[Nakajima A4N|A4N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 95 carrier fighter|九五式艦上戦闘機|}} - 1935 carrier-borne fighter 
*[[Nakajima A6M2-N|A6M2-N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 2 float fighter|二式水戦|Ni-shiki suisen}} - 'Rufe' 1941 floatplane version of the [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]]
*[[Nakajima J1N|J1N]] - {{Nihongo3|Moonlight|月光|Gekkō}} - 'Irving' 1941 Navy land-based night fighter 
*[[Nakajima J5N|J5N]] - {{Nihongo3|Heavenly/Divine Thunder|天雷|Tenrai}} - 1944 Navy land-based single-seat twin-engine interceptor prototype
*[[Nakajima Kikka|Kikka]] - {{Nihongo3|Orange Blossom|中島 橘花|Kikka}} - 1945 jet-engined interceptor prototype; Japan's first jet aircraft

====Trainer====
*[[Nakajima A2N|A3N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 90 Two-seat training fighter|九〇式複座練習戦闘機|}} - 1936 two-seat trainer developed from the A2N

====Torpedo bomber====
*[[Nakajima B3N|B3N]] - 1933 Navy torpedo bomber prototype, lost contract to the [[Yokosuka B3Y]]
*[[Nakajima B4N|B4N]] - 1936 Navy torpedo bomber prototype, lost contract to the [[Yokosuka B4Y]]
*[[Nakajima B5N|B5N]] - {{Nihongo|Type 97 carrier attacker|九七式艦攻|Kyuushichi-shiki Kanko}} - 'Kate' 1937 Navy torpedo bomber
*[[Nakajima B6N|B6N]] - {{Nihongo3|Heavenly Mountain|天山|Tenzan}} - 'Jill' 1941 Navy torpedo bomber

====Scout and reconnaissance aircraft====
*[[Nakajima Ki-6|C2N]] - land-based reconnaissance aircraft based on the [[Nakajima Ki-6]]
*[[Nakajima C3N|C3N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 97 carrier reconnaissance aircraft|九七式艦上偵察機}} - 1936 carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft
*[[Nakajima C6N|C6N]] - {{Nihongo3|Rainbow Cloud|彩雲|Saiun}} - 'Myrt' 1943 carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft
*[[Nakajima E2N|E2N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 15 reconnaissance floatplane|一五式水上偵察機|}}- 1927 reconnaissance aircraft
*[[Nakajima E4N|E4N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 90-2 reconnaissance seaplane|九〇式二号水上偵察機}}1930 reconnaissance aircraft
*[[Nakajima E8N|E8N]] - {{Nihongo3|Type 95 reconnaissance seaplane|九五式水上偵察機|}} - 'Dave' 1935 reconnaissance seaplane
*[[Nakajima E12N|E12N]] - 1938 reconnaissance seaplane prototype, lost to the [[Kawanishi E12K]]

====Dive bomber====
*[[Nakajima D2N|D2N]]
*[[Nakajima D3N|D3N]] - 1936 carrier-based dive bomber prototype based on the C3N and B5N, lost to the [[Aichi D3A]]

====Heavy bomber====
*[[Nakajima G5N|G5N]] - {{Nihongo3|Mountain Recess|深山|Shinzan}} - 'Liz' 1941 heavy four-engine long-range heavy bomber
*[[Nakajima G8N|G8N]] - {{Nihongo3|Mountain Range|連山|Renzan}} - 'Rita' 1945 heavy four-engine long-range heavy bomber
*[[Nakajima G10N|G10N]] - {{Nihongo3|[[Mount Fuji]]|富嶽|Fugaku}} - 1945 projected six-engine long-range bomber

====Transport====
*[[Nakajima Ki-34|L1N]] - naval version of [[Ki-34]]
*[[Showa/Nakajima L2D|L2D]] - {{Nihongo|Type 0 Transport|零式輸送機}} -1939 Navy transport aircraft; licensed copy of [[Douglas DC-3]]

===Army aircraft ===
[[File:Ki-43s and Ki-84s.jpg|thumb|Ki-43 Hayabusa and Ki-84 Hayate, Post-war]]

====Fighter====
*{{nihongo3|Ko 3|甲3}} - fighter-trainer, license-built [[Nieuport 24]]
*{{nihongo3|Ko 4|甲4}} - biplane fighter, license-built [[Nieuport-Delage NiD 29]]
*{{Nihongo|[[Nakajima Type 91 fighter|Type 91]] fighter|九一式戦闘機|}} - 1931 parasol monoplane fighter
*[[Nakajima Ki-8|Ki-8]] - 1934 fighter prototype 
*[[Nakajima Ki-11|Ki-11]] - 1934 fighter prototype, lost to the [[Kawasaki Ki-10]]
*[[Nakajima Ki-12|Ki-12]] - 1936 fighter prototype, lost to the [[Mitsubishi Ki-18]]
*[[Nakajima Ki-27|Ki-27]] - {{Nihongo|Type 97 Fighter|九七式戦闘機|}} - late 1936 Army monoplane fighter 
*Ki-37 - 1937 fighter (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-43|Ki-43]] - {{Nihongo|Type 1 Fighter|一式単座戦闘機|}} or {{Nihongo3|Peregrine Falcon|隼|Hayabusa}} - 'Oscar' 1939 Army fighter 
*[[Nakajima Ki-44|Ki-44]] - {{Nihongo|Type 2 Single-seat fighter|二式単座戦闘機|}} or {{Nihongo3|Devil-Queller|鍾馗|Shōki}} - 'Tojo' 1940 Army fighter 
*Ki-53 - multi-seat heavy fighter (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-49|Ki-58]] - escort fighter prototype
*[[Nakajima Ki-62|Ki-62]] - 1941 prototype fighter, competed with [[Kawasaki Ki-61]] design
*[[Nakajima Ki-62|Ki-63]] - version of [[Nakajima Ki-62|Ki-62]] powered by a radial engine 
*[[Mitsubishi Ki-67|Ki-69]] - escort fighter version of [[Mitsubishi Ki-67]] (project only)
*Ki-75 - heavy fighter (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-84|Ki-84]] - {{Nihongo|Type 4 Fighter|四式戦闘機|}} or {{Nihongo3|Gale|疾風|Hayate}} - 'Frank' 1943 Army fighter
*[[Nakajima Ki-87|Ki-87]] - 1945 high-altitude fighter-interceptor prototype
*Ki-101 - twin-engine night fighter (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-84|Ki-113]] - [[Ki-84]] with some steel parts (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-116|Ki-116]] - 1945 single-seat fighter prototype
*[[Nakajima Ki-84|Ki-117]] - production designation of the [[Ki-84|Ki-84N]]
*Ki-118 - short-range fighter modified from the [[Mitsubishi A7M]] (project only)
*Ki-337 - two-seat fighter (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-201|Ki-201]] - {{Nihongo3|Fire Dragon|火龍|Karyū}} - prototype 1945 Army jet fighter/attack aircraft with strong resemblance to the German [[Messerschmitt Me 262]], project only

====Bomber====
*[[Breguet 14|B-6]] - license-built [[Breguet 14|Bréguet 14B.2]]
*Ki-13 - attack aircraft (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-19|Ki-19]] - 1937 Army twin-engine heavy bomber (prototypes only), lost to the [[Mitsubishi Ki-21]]
*Ki-31 - two-seat light bomber (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-49|Ki-49]] - {{Nihongo|Type 100 Heavy Bomber|一〇〇式重爆撃機|}} or {{Nihongo3|Storm Dragon|呑龍|Donryū}} - 'Helen' 1941 Army medium bomber
*[[Nakajima D3N|Ki-52]] - dive bomber (project only)
*[[Nakajima G5N|Ki-68]] - proposed bomber version of [[G5N]]

====Reconnaissance====
*[[Nakajima Ki-4|Ki-4]] - {{Nihongo|Type 94 Reconnaissance aircraft|九四式偵察機}} - 1933 reconnaissance biplane

====Transport====
*[[Nakajima Ki-6|Ki-6]] - {{Nihongo|Type 95 Trainer|九五式二型練習機}} - 1930 transport, training aircraft; licensed copy of the [[Fokker Super Universal]]
*Ki-16 - cargo transport/ground refueling aircraft (project only)
*[[Nakajima Ki-34|Ki-34]] - {{Nihongo|Type 97 Transport|九七式輸送機|}} - 'Thora' 1937 Army transport aircraft version of [[Nakajima Ki-34|AT-2]]
*Ki-41 - cargo transport (project only)

====Trainer====
*{{nihongo3|Ko 2|甲2}} - trainer, license-built version of the [[Nieuport 10|Nieuport 83]] trainer

====Kamikaze aircraft====
*[[Nakajima Ki-115|Ki-115]] - {{Nihongo3|Sword|剣|Tsurugi}} - 1945 [[kamikaze]] aircraft; in IJN service, it was called {{Nihongo3|Wisteria Blossom|藤花|Tōka}}
*[[Nakajima Ki-115|Ki-230]] - projected kamikaze aircraft

==== Jet prototypes ====
* {{Nihongo3|Orange Blossom|橘花|[[Nakajima Kikka|Kikka]]}} - 1945 Navy experimental land-based ground attack/ASW jet, two prototypes built; first Japanese jet aircraft

=== Civil aircraft ===
*[[Douglas DC-2|Nakajima-Douglas DC-2]] - license-built Douglas DC-2 
*[[Nakajima Ki-6|Super Universal]] - 1930 airliner; license-built Fokker Super Universal
*[[Nakajima Ki-11|AN-1]] - a [[Nakajima Ki-11|Ki-11]] prototype converted to a liaison/courier aircraft for the {{Transliteration|ja|[[Asahi Shimbun]]}}
*[[Nakajima Ki-34|AT-1]] - original design of AT-2
*[[Nakajima Ki-34|AT-2]] - 1936 passenger transport
*[[Nakajima LB-2|LB-2]] - {{Nihongo3|Dawn|暁号|Akatsuki-gō}} - 1936 navy's bomber prototype turned airliner
*[[Nakajima Ki-19|N-19]] - a [[Nakajima Ki-19|Ki-19]] prototype converted to a mail plane for the {{Transliteration|ja|[[Dōmei Tsushin]]}}
*[[Nakajima N-36]] - 1928 transport prototype
*[[Nakajima P-1]] - 1933 mail plane; converted from [[Nakajima E4N|E4N]]

===Aircraft engines===
* {{Nihongo3|Longevity|寿|[[Nakajima Kotobuki|Kotobuki]]}}; license-built [[Bristol Jupiter]]
* [[Nakajima Ha5|Ha5]]
* {{Nihongo3|Light|光|[[Nakajima Hikari|Hikari]]}}, development of the [[Nakajima Kotobuki]] 
* {{Nihongo3|Prosperity|栄|[[Nakajima Sakae|Sakae]]}} - powered both the [[Mitsubishi A6M]] ''Zero'', and its own [[Nakajima Ki-43]] ''Oscar'' fighters. Known as Type 99 in Army service and NK1 in Navy service
* {{Nihongo3|Honor|誉|[[Nakajima Homare|Homare]]}}, air-cooled twin-row 18 cylinder radial
* [[Nakajima Ha5|Ha-49]]
* {{Nihongo3|Protect|護|[[Nakajima Mamoru|Mamoru]]}}
* [[Nakajima Ha5|Ha-109]]
* [[Nakajima Ha219|Ha219]] (later known as the Ha-44)

==See also==
*[[List of aircraft manufacturers]]
*[[Subaru]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* Francillon, René J. ''Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War''. London, Putnam & Company, 1970,1979. {{ISBN|0-370-30251-6}}. 
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nakajima Aircraft Company}}
* [http://www.ne.jp/asahi/airplane/museum/nakajima/naka-cont-e.html The Nakajima Aircraft Story]

{{Nakajima aircraft}}
{{Nakajima aeroengines}}
{{Subaru Corporation}}
{{Keiretsu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Zaibatsu]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1918]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Subaru]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1918]]
[[Category:Nakajima aircraft| ]]
[[Category:Nakajima aircraft engines| ]]