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{{Pp|small=yes}}{{Short description|9th-highest mountain on Earth}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Nanga Parbat
| native_name = {{native name|ur|{{Nastaliq|نانگا پربت}}}}
| photo = Fairy Meadows and the view of Nanga Parbat.jpg
| photo_caption = Nanga Parbat viewed from [[Fairy Meadows National Park|Fairy Meadows]]
| elevation_m = 8126
| elevation_ref = <br />{{small|[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 9th]]}}
| prominence_m = 4608
| prominence_ref = <br />{{small|[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 14th]]}}
| listing = {{plainlist|
* [[Eight-thousander]]
* [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
* [[List of mountains in Pakistan]]
}}
| location = Pakistan-administered [[Gilgit–Baltistan]]<ref name=nanga-parbat-britannica>{{cite EBO|title=Nanga Parbat|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/402565/Nanga-Parbat|access-date=2025-04-27|quote=Nanga Parbat, one of the world's tallest mountains, 26,660 feet (8,126 metres) high, situated in the western Himalayas 17 miles (27 km) west-southwest of Astor, in the Pakistani-administered sector of the Kashmir region.}}</ref>
| range = [[Himalayas]]
| map_caption = Location of Nanga Parbat
| map_image = {{OSM Himalaya|lat_d=35.2|long_d=74.6|zoom=6}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35|14|15|N|74|35|21|E|type:mountain_scale:100000_region:PK|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = 
| first_ascent = 3 July 1953 by [[Hermann Buhl]] on [[1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition]]<br />'''First winter ascent:''' 16 February 2016 by [[Simone Moro]], Alex Txicon and Ali Sadpara
| easiest_route = Western [[Diamer District]]
}}

'''Nanga Parbat''',{{efn|{{IPA|ur|nəŋɡa pərbət̪|lang}}, {{Nq|نانگا پربت}}; {{lit|naked mountain}}}} known locally as '''Diamer''',{{efn|{{Langx|scl|دیآمر|lit=mountain of the gods}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Witzel |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Witzel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2NiAAAAMAAJ |title=Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia |date=2003 |publisher=Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania |pages=22 |language=en |oclc=254122057}}</ref><ref name=":0" />}} is the [[List of highest mountains on Earth|ninth-highest mountain]] on Earth with its summit at {{cvt|8126|m|ft}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nanga Parbat |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nanga-Parbat |access-date=22 June 2022 |publisher=Britannica |date=25 July 2013}}</ref> Lying immediately southeast of the northernmost bend of the [[Indus River]] in the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] region of Pakistan-administered [[Kashmir]],<ref name=nanga-parbat-britannica/> Nanga Parbat is the westernmost major peak of the [[Himalayas]], and thus in the traditional view of the Himalayas as bounded by the Indus and [[Yarlung Tsangpo]]/[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] rivers, it is the western anchor of the entire mountain range.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mountainpassages0000bern|url-access=registration|quote=nanga parbat western anchor.|title=Mountain passages|last=Bernstein|first=Jeremy|date=1978|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=9780803209831|language=en}}</ref>

Nanga Parbat is one of the 14 [[eight-thousander]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nanga Parbat |url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Nanga-Parbat|access-date = 2015-06-13}}</ref> It rises far above its surrounding terrain and has the second-highest [[Topographic prominence|prominence]] among the 100 tallest mountains on Earth only behind [[Mount Everest]]. Nanga Parbat is well-known for being an extremely difficult climb, and has earned the nickname ''Killer Mountain'' for its high number of climber fatalities and pushing climbers to their limits.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://endorfeen.com/the-nanga-parbat-mysteries-challenges-and-conquests-of-the-killer-mountain/ |title=The Nanga Parbat: Mysteries, Challenges and Conquests of the Killer Mountain |author=Endorfeen magazine |website=www.endorfeen.com |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref> According to [[Guinness World Records]], Nanga Parbat is the fastest growing mountain in the world, growing taller at a rate of 7 mm (0.27 in) per year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fastest Rising Mountain |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-rising-mountain}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name Nanga Parbat is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''nagna'' and ''parvata'', which, when combined, translate to "Naked Mountain".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oRohDgAAQBAJ&q=nanga+parbat+sanskrit&pg=PA1|title="Mountain of Destiny": Nanga Parbat and Its Path Into the German Imagination|last=Höbusch|first=Harald|date=2016|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=9781571139580|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/studentsbritanni05hoib|url-access=registration|quote=nagna parvata.|title=Students' Britannica India: M to S (Miraj to Shastri)|last1=Hoiberg|first1=Dale|last2=Ramchandani|first2=Indu|date=2000|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica (India)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FP7iAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|isbn=978-0-85229-961-6|page=501}}</ref> The name refers to the south face, which is usually snowless.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-17 |title=The Eight-Thousanders |url=https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/8000MeterPeaks/page7.php |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> The mountain is known locally by its [[Shina language|Shina]] name ''Diamer'' or ''Deo Mir'', from Sanskrit ''dēvamēru'', meaning "mountain of the gods".<ref name=":0">{{Cite dictionary |year=1973 |title=A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages |entry=6533. * dēvamēru |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/turner-a-comparative-dictionary-of-the-indo-aryan-languages-1966-1969/page/373/mode/1up |access-date= |last=Turner |first=Ralph Lilley |author-link=Ralph Lilley Turner |page=373 |language=en |isbn=0-19-713550-1 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==Location==

Nanga Parbat forms the western anchor of the Himalayan Range and is the westernmost [[eight-thousander]]. It lies just south of the Indus River in the [[Diamer District]] of Gilgit–Baltistan in Pakistani-administered Kashmir. In some places, the river flows more than {{Convert|7|km|mi|frac=2|abbr=off}} below the high-point of the [[massif]]. To the north is the western end of the [[Karakoram]] range.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tenderini |first1=Mirella |title=Nanga Parbat The Killer Mountain |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/72/5/nanga-parbat/ |website=The Himalayan Club |publisher=The Himalayan Journal |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref>

==Notable features==
[[File:Rakhiot_Glacier_under_clouds.tiff|thumb|Rakhiot glacier is located on part of the mountain]]
Nanga Parbat has tremendous vertical relief over local terrain in all directions.<ref name="PeakList">[http://www.peaklist.org/spire/lists/world-25.html World Top 25 by Reduced Spire Measure]</ref>

To the south, Nanga Parbat has what is often referred to as the highest mountain face in the world: the Rupal Face rises {{convert|4600|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} above its base.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=US|pages=261|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> To the north, the complex, somewhat more gently sloped [[Rakhiot Peak|Rakhiot Flank]] rises {{convert|7000|m|ft|abbr=on}} from the Indus River valley to the summit in just {{convert|25|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, one of the ten greatest elevation gains in such a short distance on Earth.<ref name="AJ_1932_Kunigk">{{cite journal |author=Kunigk, Herbert |year=1932 |title=The German-American Himalayan Expedition, 1932 |url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1932_files/AJ44%201932%20192-200%20Kunigk%20German%20American%20Himalayan%20Exped.pdf |journal=[[Alpine Journal]] |volume=5 |pages=192–200 |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref>

Nanga Parbat is one of only two peaks on Earth that rank in the top twenty of both the [[List of highest mountains on Earth|highest mountains]] in the world, and the [[List of mountain peaks by prominence|most prominent peaks]] in the world, ranking ninth and fourteenth respectively. The other is Mount Everest, which ranks first on both lists. Nanga Parbat is also the second most prominent peak of the Himalayas, after Mount Everest. The key [[col]] for Nanga Parbat is [[Zoji La]] in [[Kashmir Valley]], which connects it to higher peaks in the remaining Himalaya-Karakoram range.<ref name="Pkbgr">{{cite web|title=Zoji La|url=http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=10603|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>

On the [[Tibetan Plateau]], Nanga Parbat is the westernmost peak of the Himalayas, whereas [[Namcha Barwa]] marks the east end.

[[File:Nanga Parbat From KKH.jpg|thumb|Nanga Parbat as viewed from [[Karakoram Highway]]]]

==Layout of the mountain==
[[File:Fairy Meadows 240622 03.jpg|thumb|Nanga Parbat and the moraine below it, seen from [[Fairy Meadows]]]]
[[File:Nanga Parbat north annotated.png|thumb|Nanga Parbat Rakhiot Face from [[Fairy Meadows]]]]
[[File:Nanga Parbat 01.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the northern face of Nanga Parbat as seen from above Fairy Meadows]]
The core of Nanga Parbat is a long ridge trending southwest-to-northeast. The ridge is composed of an enormous bulk of ice and rock. It has three primary faces: the Diamir, Rakhiot, and Rupal. The southwestern portion of this main ridge is known as the [[Mazeno Ridge]], and has a number of subsidiary peaks.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Scott |first=Doug |date=1994 |title=Expeditions and notes Nanga Parbat expeditions, 1992 and 1993 |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/50/38/expeditions-and-notes-18-nanga-parbat-expeditions-1992-and-1993/ |access-date=2019-04-28 |magazine=[[Himalayan Journal]] |publisher=[[Himalayan Club]] |volume=50}}</ref> In the other direction, the main ridge arcs northeast at Rakhiot Peak ({{cvt|7070|m|disp=or||}}). The south/southeast side of the mountain is dominated by the Rupal Face. The north/northwest side of the mountain, leading to the Indus, is more complex. It is split into the Diamir (west) face and the Rakhiot (north) face by a long ridge. There are a number of subsidiary summits, including North Peak ({{cvt|7816|m|disp=or||}}) some {{convert|3|km|mi|0|spell=in}} north of the main summit. Near the base of the Rupal Face is a glacial lake called Latbo, above a seasonal shepherds' village of the same name.

==Climbing history==
===Early attempts===
{{see also|1934 Nanga Parbat climbing disaster}}

As a result of its accessibility, attempts to reach the summit of Nanga Parbat began very soon after it was discovered by Europeans.<ref name="readersnatural" /> In 1895, [[Albert F. Mummery]] led an expedition to the peak, accompanied by [[Geoffrey Hastings]], and reached almost 6,100&nbsp;m (20,000&nbsp;ft) on the Diamir (West) Face,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://climbing.about.com/od/8000metermountains/a/NangaParbatFact.htm|title=Nanga Parbat: 9th Highest Mountain in the World|publisher=climbing.about.com|access-date=2015-04-09|archive-date=2015-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404080329/http://climbing.about.com/od/8000metermountains/a/NangaParbatFact.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> but Mummery and two [[Gurkha]] companions later died reconnoitering the Rakhiot Face.

In the 1930s, Nanga Parbat became the focus of German interest in the Himalayas. The German mountaineers were unable to attempt Mount Everest, since only the British had access to [[Tibet (1912–1951)|Tibet]]. Initially German efforts focused on [[Kangchenjunga]], to which [[Paul Bauer]] led two expeditions in 1930 and 1931, but with its long ridges and steep faces, Kangchenjunga was more difficult than Everest and neither expedition made much progress. [[K2]] was known to be harder still, and its remoteness meant that even reaching its base would be a major undertaking. Nanga Parbat was therefore the highest mountain accessible to Germans and was also deemed reasonably possible by climbers at the time.<ref>Neale, pp. 63–64</ref>

The first German expedition to Nanga Parbat was led by [[Willy Merkl]] in 1932. It is sometimes referred to as a German-American expedition, as the eight climbers included Rand Herron, an American, and [[Fritz Wiessner]], who would become an American citizen the following year. While the team were all strong climbers, none had Himalayan experience, and poor planning (particularly an inadequate number of [[porter (carrier)|porters]]), coupled with bad weather, prevented the team from progressing far beyond the [[Rakhiot Peak]] northeast of the Nanga Parbat summit, reached by {{ill|Peter Aschenbrenner|de}} and Herbert Kunigk, but they did establish the feasibility of a route via Rakhiot Peak and the main ridge.<ref>Mason, pp. 226–228</ref>

Merkl led another expedition in 1934, which was better prepared and financed with full support from the new [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] [[Hitler cabinet|government]]. Early in the expedition Alfred Drexel died, likely due to [[high altitude pulmonary edema]].<ref>Neale, pp. 123-130</ref> The [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]]ean climbers, Peter Aschenbrenner and {{ill|Erwin Schneider|de|Erwin Schneider (Bergsteiger)}}, reached an estimated height of {{cvt|25900|ft|order=flip}} on July 6, but were forced to return because of worsening weather. On July 7, they and 14 others were trapped by a storm at {{cvt|7,480|m}}. During the desperate retreat that followed, three famous German mountaineers, {{ill|Ulrich Wieland|de}}, {{ill|Willo Welzenbach|de}} and Merkl himself, as well as six [[Sherpa people|Sherpas]], died of exhaustion, exposure, and altitude sickness, and several others suffered severe [[frostbite]]. The last survivor to reach safety, [[Ang Tsering]], did so having spent seven days battling through the storm.<ref>Mason pp. 230-233</ref> It has been said that the disaster, "for sheer protracted agony, has no parallel in climbing annals."<ref>Simpson, pp. 196–197</ref>

In 1937, [[Karl Wien]] led another expedition to the mountain, following the same route as Merkl's expeditions had done. Progress was made, but more slowly than before due to heavy snowfall. About 14 June, seven Germans and nine Sherpas, almost the entire team, were at Camp IV below Rakhiot Peak when it was overrun by an [[avalanche]]. All sixteen men died.<ref>Neale, pp. 212-213</ref> The search team found that the tents had been buried by ice and snow rather than swept away. One of the victim's diaries read "our situation here is not quite safe from avalanches".<ref name=caj_1937/>

The Germans returned in 1938 led by Paul Bauer, but the expedition was plagued by bad weather, and Bauer, mindful of the previous disasters, ordered the party down before the Silver Saddle (German: ''Silbersattel''), halfway between Rakhiot Peak and Nanga Parbat summit, was reached.<ref>Mason pp. 236-237</ref>

=== Aufschnaiter expedition ===
[[Heinrich Harrer]], an expert mountaineer, was a member of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] Alpine unit. The unit practiced on the [[Eiger]] in Switzerland in 1938. When the group returned to Germany, [[Adolf Hitler]] met with them.<ref>This SS unit also climbed [[Mount Elbrus]] in the [[Caucasus]] and raised a [[Swastika flag]] on the summit in 1942 during the Eastern Front Campaign. It has been suggested that [[Heinrich Himmler]] ordered the Elbrus expedition because it was sacred to the Aryan Gods in ancient Persian cults.</ref>

In May 1939, Harrer was selected by the German Himalayan Foundation to take part in a new expedition to Nanga Parbat,<ref>See the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080925141132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/05/tibetans/harrer-text/5 July 1955 edition of ''National Geographic'']: "We left our native Austria in 1939 as members of the German Nanga Parbat Expedition".</ref> under the leadership of [[Peter Aufschnaiter]]. Their goal was to scout new ways to ascend the north-western face.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoRIAQAAIAAJ&q=%22China+annexes+Tibet%22 |title=50 American Artists You Should Know |isbn=9783791344119 |last1=Mancoff |first1=Debra N. |year=2010 |publisher=Prestel }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYWHsjw3C6EC&q=%22China+annexes+Tibet%22&pg=PA74 |title=The Fifties,p74-p77 |isbn=9781576900277 |last1=Sterling |first1=Mary Ellen |year=1998 |publisher=Teacher Created Resources }}</ref><ref>Heinrich Harrer, ''Seven years in Tibet'', translated from the German by Richard Graves; with an introduction by [[Peter Fleming (writer)|Peter Fleming]]; foreword by the Dalai Lama, E. P. Dutton, 1954, {{ISBN|0-87477-888-3}}.</ref> They explored the Diamir Face with the aim of finding an easier route. They concluded that the face was a viable route, but [[World War II]] intervened and the four men were [[Internment|interned]] by the British in [[Dehradun]], India.<ref>Mason pp. 238-239</ref> Harrer's and Aufschnaiter's escape and subsequent wanderings across the [[Tibetan Plateau]] became the subject of Harrer's book ''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]''. Some evidence of this expedition is kept in the [[National Archives]] of [[Washington, D.C.]]

===First ascent===
{{main|1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition}}
[[File:Nanga Parbat Rupal Base camp, Gilgit Baltistan.JPG|thumb|Nanga Parbat Rupal Base camp, Gilgit Baltistan]]
[[File:Northern Areas 38b commons.jpg|thumb|Southwest aspect of the Rupal Face]]
[[File:Nanga Parbat Raikhot Base Camp.jpg|thumb|At 4,100 m (13,450 ft), near the Rakhiot Base Camp]]
[[File:Northern Areas 68.jpg|thumb|View from Latbo village. For a sense of scale, notice a four-man yellow tent, dwarfed by the peak, near the bottom right. Just above the tent is a large white building.]]

Nanga Parbat was first climbed, via the Rakhiot Flank (East Ridge), on July 3, 1953, by Austrian climber [[Hermann Buhl]] on the [[1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition|German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition]],<ref>nangaroutesnew.pdf, Eberhard Jurgalski (rosemon), last updated 17 June 2010, retrieved from http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/nanga-parbat-general-info-197.html 22 July 2011.</ref> a member of a German-Austrian team. The expedition was organized by the half-brother of Willy Merkl, [[Karl Herrligkoffer]] from [[Munich]], while the expedition leader was Peter Aschenbrenner from [[Kufstein]], who had participated in the 1932 and 1934 attempts. At the time of this expedition, 31 people had already died on the mountain.<ref>This includes two British climbers who disappeared low on the mountain in December 1950. They were studying conditions on the Rakhiot glacier, not attempting the summit. See Mason p. 306.</ref>

The final push for the summit was dramatic: Buhl continued alone for the final {{convert|1300|m}}, after his companions had turned back. Under the influence of the drug [[pervitin]] (based on the stimulant [[methamphetamine]] used by soldiers during [[World War II]]), [[padutin]], and tea from [[coca]] leaves, he reached the summit dangerously late, at 7:00&nbsp;p.m., the climbing harder and more time-consuming than he had anticipated. His descent was slowed when he lost a [[crampon]]. Caught by darkness, he was forced to [[Bivouac shelter|bivouac]] standing upright on a narrow ledge, holding a small handhold with one hand. Exhausted, he dozed occasionally but managed to maintain his balance. He finally reached his high camp at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. the next day, 40 hours after setting out.<ref>Sale &amp; Cleare, pp. 72–73</ref> The ascent was made without oxygen, and Buhl is the only man to have made the [[first ascent]] of an {{convert|8000|m|adj=on}} peak alone.

The 1953 documentary film ''Nanga Parbat 1953'' was filmed and directed by [[Hans Ertl (cameraman)|Hans Ertl]], who participated in the expedition. Buhl's climb was also later dramatized by Canadian film director [[Donald Shebib]] in the 1986 film ''[[The Climb (1986 film)|The Climb]]''.<ref>Rick Groen, "Canadian director stumbles and can't make The Climb". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', October 16, 1987.</ref>

===Subsequent attempts and ascents===
The second ascent of Nanga Parbat was via the Diamir Face, in 1962, by Germans [[Toni Kinshofer]], Siegfried Löw, and A. Mannhardt. This route has become the "standard route" on the mountain. The Kinshofer route does not ascend the middle of the Diamir Face, which is threatened by avalanches from large hanging glaciers. Instead it climbs a buttress on the left side of the Diamir Face. In 1970, brothers [[Günther Messner|Günther]] and [[Reinhold Messner]] made the third ascent of the mountain and the first ascent of the Rupal Face. They were unable to descend by their original route, and instead descended by the Diamir Face, making the first traverse of the mountain. Günther was killed in an avalanche on the Diamir Face, where his remains were found in 2005.

In 1971, Slovak mountaineers Ivan Fiala and Michal Orolin summited Nanga Parbat via Buhl's 1953 route while other expedition members climbed the southeast peak ({{convert|7600|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) above the ''Silbersattel'' and the foresummit ({{convert|7850|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) above the Bazhin Gap. In 1976 a team of four made the sixth summit via a new route on the Rupal Face (second ascent on this face), then named the Schell route after the Austrian team leader. The line had been plotted by [[Karl Herrligkoffer]] on a previous unsuccessful attempt. In 1978, Reinhold Messner returned to the Diamir Face and achieved the first completely solo ascent of an {{convert|8000|m|adj=on}} peak.

In 1984, the French climber [[Lilliane Barrard]] became the first woman to climb Nanga Parbat, along with her husband [[Maurice Barrard]]. In 1985, [[Jerzy Kukuczka]], Zygmunt Heinrich, Slawomir Lobodzinski (all Polish), and [[Carlos Carsolio]] (Mexico) climbed up the Southeast Pillar (or Polish Spur) on the right-hand side of the Rupal Face, reaching the summit July 13. It was Kukuczka's ninth {{convert|8000|m|adj=on}} summit.<ref name="Basecamp">{{Citation| title = Basecamp | journal = Climbing Magazine | issue = 93 | pages = 22 | date = December 1995 |issn = 0045-7159 }}</ref> Also in 1985, a Polish women's team climbed the peak via the 1962 German Diamir Face route. [[Wanda Rutkiewicz]], [[Krystyna Palmowska]], and [[Anna Czerwińska|Anna Czerwinska]] reached the summit on July 15.<ref name="Basecamp"/>

"Modern" superalpinism was brought to Nanga Parbat in 1988 with an unsuccessful attempt or two on the Rupal Face by [[Barry Blanchard]], [[Mark Twight]], Ward Robinson, and Kevin Doyle.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Twight | first = Mark |title = Kiss or kill: confessions of a serial climber | publisher =The Mountaineers Books | year = 2001 | location = Seattle |isbn = 0-89886-887-4 }}</ref> 2005 saw a resurgence of lightweight, [[Alpine climbing|alpine-style]] attempts on the Rupal Face.

* In August 2005, Pakistani military helicopters rescued [[Slovenia]]n mountaineer [[Tomaž Humar]], who was stuck under a narrow ice ledge at {{cvt|5,900|m}} for six days. It is believed to be one of the few successful rescues carried out at such high altitude.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4137160.stm |title= Climber rescued from major peak |access-date=2008-04-22 |work=BBC News |date=10 August 2005 }}</ref>
* In September 2005, [[Vince Anderson (mountaineer)|Vince Anderson]] and [[Steve House (climber)|Steve House]] did an extremely lightweight, fast ascent of a new, direct route on the face, earning high praise from the climbing community.<ref name="alpinist_15">[http://www.alpinist.com/doc/ALP15/climbing-notes-anderson Alpinist 15] on the Anderson/House ascent</ref>
* On July 17 or 18, 2006, [[José Antonio Delgado]] from [[Venezuela]] died a few days after reaching the summit, where he was caught by bad weather for six days and was unable to make his way down. He is the only Venezuelan climber, and one of few Latin Americans, to have reached the summit of five eight-thousanders.<ref name="Sucre">{{cite web|url=http://www.nangaparbat2006.explorart.com/|title=NANGA PARBAT 2006|website=www.nangaparbat2006.explorart.com|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707055836/http://nangaparbat2006.explorart.com/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Part of the expedition and the rescue efforts at base camp were captured on video, as Delgado was the subject of a pilot for a mountaineering television series.<ref name="Sucre"/> Explorart Films, the production company, later developed the project into a feature documentary film called ''Beyond the Summit'', which was scheduled to be released in South America in January 2008.<ref name="maslla">{{cite web|url=http://www.masalladelacumbre.com/|title=Beyond the Summit|date=24 November 2012|website=masalladelacumbre.com|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517162639/http://masalladelacumbre.com/|archive-date=17 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On July 15, 2008, Italian alpinist [[Karl Unterkircher]] fell into a crevasse during an attempt to open a new route to the top with Walter Nones and Simon Kehrer. Unterkircher died, but Kehrer and Nones were rescued by the Pakistani Army.<ref name="Guardian 2008">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/25/italy.pakistan|title=Italian climbers rescued from Pakistan's Killer Mountain, Nanga Parbat|work=The Guardian|date=25 July 2008|access-date=2012-07-21}}</ref>
* On July 12, 2009, after reaching the summit, [[South Korea]]n climber [[Go Mi-Young]] fell off a cliff on the descent in bad weather in her race to be the first woman to climb all 14 eight-thousanders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://himalman.wordpress.com/2009/07/13/tragedy-on-nanga-parba-2009-climbing-season-korean-star-climber-miss-go-lost-on-nanga-parbat-normal-route/|title=Korean Alpinist Go Mi-sun Dies After Fall on Nanga Parbat|publisher=himalman.wordpress.com|date=13 July 2009|access-date=2012-07-21}}</ref>
* On July 15, 2012, Scottish mountaineers Sandy Allan and [[Rick Allen (mountaineer)|Rick Allen]] made the first ascent of Nanga Parbat via the {{convert|10|km|mi|0|adj=mid|-long}} Mazeno Ridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2012/07/20/coming-down-nanga-parbat-as-hard-as-going-up/|title=Coming down Nanga Parbat as hard as going up|publisher=dawn.com|date=19 July 2012|access-date=2012-07-21}}</ref> They reached the base camp on the Diamir flank of the mountain after an 18 day period of continuous climbing.<ref>{{cite book | title = In Some Lost Place: The First Ascent of Nanga Parbat's Mazeno Ridge | date=2015 |  first =Sandy | last =Allan      |  isbn = 9781910240373 |publisher =Vertebrate Publishing   | access-date = 6 April 2024   | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=1ishCgAAQBAJ&q=In+Some+Lost+Place:+The+First+Ascent+of+Nanga+Parbat+Mazeno+Ridge  }}</ref> In April 2013 were awarded the [[Piolet d'Or]] for their achievement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-22246000|title=Aberdeen and Newtonmore climbers win Piolet d'Or|work=BBC News|date=22 April 2013|access-date=2013-04-22}}</ref>
* On July 10, 2024, Vadim Druelle set a record speed ascent of Nanga Parbat from base camp to summit in 15 hours and 18 minutes without the use of supplemental oxygen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=New Fastest Time Up Himalayan Peak |url=https://gripped.com/news/new-fastest-time-up-himalayan-peak/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Gripped Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Winter climbing===
Nanga Parbat was first successfully climbed in winter on February 26, 2016, by a team consisting of [[Ali Sadpara]], Alex Txikon, and [[Simone Moro]].<ref name="sport.pl">{{cite web| last1=Szczepanski|first1=Dominik|title=Nanga Parbat zdobyta w zimie po raz pierwszy!|url=http://off.sport.pl/off/1,136034,19682278,trwa-atak-szczytowy-na-nanga-parbat-pierwsze-zimowe-wejscie.html |website=Sport.pl}}</ref><ref name="ansa.it">{{cite web|title=Alpinismo, impresa su Nanga Parbat|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2016/02/26/alpinismo-impresa-su-nanga-parbat_b8bc97f5-1aa0-4d4f-ad18-7fb2ccf0f798.html |date=2016-02-26}}</ref>

The second winter ascent was made by the Polish climber [[Tomasz Mackiewicz]] and Frenchwoman [[Élisabeth Revol]] on January 25, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-01 |title=French climber Elisabeth Revol describes Pakistan's 'Killer Mountain' ordeal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42909586 |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Previous attempts of winter climbing:
* 1988/89 – Polish 12-member expedition KW [[Zakopane]] under the leadership of [[Maciej Berbeka]]. They first attempted the Rupal Face and then the Diamir Face. On the Messner route, Maciej Berbeka, Piotr Konopka, and Andrzej Osika reached an elevation of about 6500–6800 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 1990/91 – Polish-English expedition under the leadership of [[Maciej Berbeka]] reached the height of 6600m on the Messner route, and then Andrzej Osika and John Tinker by the Schell route up the Rupal Face reached a height of 6600 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 1991/92 – Polish expedition KW [[Zakopane]] under the leadership of [[Maciej Berbeka]] from the Rupal valley. This attack in alpine style on the Schell route reached the height of 7000 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 1992/93 – French expedition Eric Monier and Monique Loscos – Schell route on the Rupal Face. They came to BC on December 20. Eric reached 6500 m on January 9 and on January 13 the expedition was abandoned.
* 1996/97 – two expeditions:
** Polish expedition led by [[Andrzej Zawada]] from the Diamir valley, Kinshofer route. During the summit attempt by the team of Zbigniew Trzmiel and Krzysztof Pankiewicz, Trzmiel reached a height of 7800 m. The assault was interrupted because of frostbite. After descending to the base camp, both climbers were evacuated by helicopter to a hospital.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** British expedition led by Victor Saunders, taking the Kinshofer route on the Diamir Face. Victor Saunders, Dane Rafael Jensen, and Pakistani Ghulam Hassan reached the height of 6000 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 1997/98 – Polish expedition led by [[Andrzej Zawada]] from the Diamir valley, Kinshofer route. Expedition reached the height of 6800 m, encountered an unusually heavy snowfall. A falling stone broke [[Ryszard Pawłowski]]'s leg.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2004/05 – Austrian expedition by brothers Wolfgang and Gerfried Göschl via the Kinshofer route on the Diamir Face reached the height of 6500 m.
* 2006/07 – Polish HiMountain expedition on the Schell route on the Rupal Face. Expedition led by [[Krzysztof Wielicki]], with Jan Szulc, [[Artur Hajzer]], Dariusz Załuski, Jacek Jawień, Jacek Berbeka, Przemysław Łoziński, and Robert Szymczak reached a height of 7000 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2007/08 – Italian Simone La Terra with Pakistani [[Meherban Karim]] started climbing solo at the beginning of December, reaching a height of 6000 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2008/09 – Polish expedition on the Diamir side. Jacek Teler (leader) and Jarosław Żurawski. Deep snow prevented them from hauling their equipment to the base of the face, forcing the base camp to be placed five kilometres earlier. Camp I set at an altitude of 5400 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2010/11 – two expeditions:
** Sergei Nikolayevich Cygankow in a solo expedition on the Kinshofer route on the Diamir Face reached 6000 m. He developed [[pulmonary edema]] and ended the expedition.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** [[Tomasz Mackiewicz]] and Marek Klonowski – Polish expedition "Justice for All – Nanga Dream" by Kinshofer route on the Diamir side reached 5100 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} https://www.explorersweb.com/polar/news.php?id=16779 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122034207/https://www.explorersweb.com/polar/news.php?id=16779 |date=2021-01-22 }}
* 2011/12 – three expeditions:
** Tomasz Mackiewicz, Marek Klonowski and "Krzaq" – Polish expedition "Justice for All – Nanga Dream" by Kinshofer route on the Diamir side reached 5500 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** Denis Urubko and Simone Moro first Diamir side on the Kinshofer route, and then by Messner route in year 2000 reached a height of 6800 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2012/13 – four expeditions:
** Frenchman Joël Wischnewski solo on the Rupal Face in an alpine style. He was lost in February and his body was found in September at an altitude of about 6100 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.steepboard.fr/ |title=Home|website=Steepboard – Nanga Parbat|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> He went missing after February 6 and was probably hit by an avalanche.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://altitudepakistan.blogspot.com/2013/11/winter-nanga-parbat-body-of-joel.html |title=Winter Nanga Parbat – Body of Joel Wischnewski Has Been Recovered|website=altitudepakistan.blogspot.com|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
** Italy's Daniele Nardi and French [[Élisabeth Revol|Elisabeth Revol]] – Mummery Rib on the Diamir reached the height of 6450 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** Hungarian-American expedition: David Klein, Zoltan Acs and Ian Overton. Zoltan suffered frostbite while reaching the base and did not participate in the further ascent. David and Ian reached the height of about 5400 m on the Diamir Face.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** [[Tomasz Mackiewicz]] and Marek Klonowski – Polish expedition "Justice for All – Nanga Dream" by Schell route on the Rupal Face. Marek Klonowski reached a height of 6600 m. On February 7, 2013, Mackiewicz in a lone attack reached a height of 7400 m.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2013/14 – four expeditions:
** Italian Simone Moro, German David Göttler, and Italian Emilio Previtali – Schell route on the Rupal Face. This expedition cooperated with the Polish expedition. David Göttler, on February 28, set Camp IV at about 7000 m. On March 1, he and Tomasz Mackiewicz reached an altitude of about 7200 m. On the same day David and Simone decided to end the expedition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?url=winter-2014-climbers-at-7000m-on-nanga-p_139360434 |title=Everest K2 News ExplorersWeb – Winter 2014: Climbers at 7000m on Nanga Parbat|website=www.explorersweb.com|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
** Tomasz Mackiewicz, Marek Klonowski, Jacek Teler, Paweł Dunaj, Michał Obrycki, Michał Dzikowski – Polish expedition "Justice for All – Nanga Dream" by Schell route on the Rupal Face. Expedition cooperated with Italian-German expedition. March 1, Tomasz Mackiewicz and David Göttler reached an altitude of about 7200 m. On March 8, at a height of about 5000 m, Paweł Dunaj and Michał Obrycki were hit by an avalanche. Both were roughed up and suffered fractures. The rescue operation was successful.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** German Ralf Dujmovits on the Diamir Face, by Reinhold Messner's route from 1978. They were accompanied by Pole Dariusz Załuski as a filmmaker – he had no plan of summit attack. On December 30, both reached 5500 m. On January 2, because of the [[serac]] threat, Dujmovits decided to abandon the expedition.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** Italy's Daniele Nardi made a solo expedition from the Diamir side on Mummery Rib. He set Camp I at 4900 m and reached an altitude of about 5450 m. On March 1 he decided to end the expedition.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2014/15 – five expeditions:
** Pole Tomasz Mackiewicz and Frenchwoman [[Élisabeth Revol]] – Nanga Parbat Winter Expedition 2014/2015. They climbed the north-west Diamir Face, using an unfinished route by Messner-Hanspeter 2000. They reached 7800 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://himalaya-light.over-blog.com/article-nanga-parbat-en-hiver-125432289.html |title=Nanga Parbat in winter... |first=Elisabeth|last=Revol |website=Himalaya Light|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
** Italian Daniele Nardi climbed Mummery Rib on the Diamir Face, accompanied by Roberto Delle Monache (photographer) and Federico Santinii (filmmaker).{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** A four-member Russian expedition – Nikolay Totmjanin, Sergei Kondraszkin, Valery Szamało, Victor Smith – climbed the Schell route on the Rupal Face. They reached 7150 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr/2015/02/winter-2015-russians-wrap-up-their.html |title=Winter 2015 – Russians Wrap Up their Expedition, Progress on Diamir Side|website=altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
** A three-person expedition from Iran – Reza Bahador, [[Iraj Maani]], and Mahmoud Hashemi.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2015/16 – five expeditions:
** Nanga Light 2015/16 with Tomasz Mackiewicz, [[Élisabeth Revol]], and Arsalan Ahmed Ansari. On January 22, Mackiewicz and Revol reached 7500 m, but they were forced to cancel their attempt for the summit due to excessive cold.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr/2016/01/winter-2016-its-over-for-nanga-light.html |title=Winter 2016 – It's Over for Nanga Light Team; Tomek and Elisabeth Back in BC|website=altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
** Nanga Stegu Revolution 2015/16 with Adam Bielecki and Jacek Czech. After an accident, Bielecki's injuries after a fall forced the team down.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** "Nanga Dream – Justice for All" – under the lead of Marek Klonowski with Paweł Dunaj, Paweł Witkowski, Tomasz Dziobkowski, Michał Dzikowski, Paweł Kudła, Piotr Tomza, Karim Hayat, and Safdar Karim.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://off.sport.pl/off/1,111379,19497118,nanga-parbat-bielecki-i-czech-w-drodze-do-domu-mackiewicz.html#TRrelSST |title = Nanga Parbat. Bielecki i Czech w drodze do domu, Mackiewicz atakuje szczyt| date=19 January 2016 }}</ref>
** International team consisting of Alex Txikon, Daniele Nardi, and Ali Sadpara.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** Italian team consisting of Simone Moro and Tamara Lunger.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
** The two above mentioned teams (with the exception of Daniele Nardi) joined their efforts and on February 26, 2016, Italian Simone Moro, Basque Alex Txikon, and Ali Sadpara reached the summit, marking the first winter ascent of Nanga Parbat, while Tamara Lunger stopped short of the summit due to nausea and extreme cold; giving an interview to Noor abbas Qureshi, she told that she tried her best, but her health did not allow her to reach the summit.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
* 2017/18 - one expedition:
** [[Tomasz Mackiewicz]] from Poland and [[Élisabeth Revol]] from France. They ascended the summit on January 25, 2018, from the Diamer face. Mackiewicz got severe frostbite on his hands, feet, and face, [[Photokeratitis|snow blindness]], and [[altitude sickness]]. Revol got frostbite on her hands and feet but to a lesser extent. A Polish team attempting [[K2]] was called for rescue. [[Denis Urubko]] and [[Adam Bielecki (climber)|Adam Bielecki]] rescued Revol at {{cvt|6026|m}}, while Mackiewicz stayed{{clarify|reason=Mackiewicz did not come down|date=May 2023}} at around {{cvt|7300|m}}. Rescuers did not go back for Mackiewicz due to bad weather and a possible snow storm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dreamwanderlust.com/news/the-killer-mountain-kills-again |title=The Killer Mountain May Kill Again|date=31 January 2018|work=dreamwanderlust.com}}</ref> On January 28, Revol was carried to Islamabad for treatment<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thetourist.pk/courage-nanga-parbat/ |title=Defining Courage & Resilience, Nanga Parbat - The Tourist|date=2018-01-28|work=The Tourist|access-date=2018-01-28|language=en-US}}</ref> and on the evening of January 30 she was in a hospital in [[Sallanches]].
*2018/19 – one expedition:
**Daniele Nardi and [[Tom Ballard (climber)|Tom Ballard]] (son of [[Alison Hargreaves]]). On February 26, 2019, the team went missing. Their bodies were discovered on the mountain, on March 9, 2019, after a lengthy search.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Otte |first1=Jedidajah |title=Bad weather delays search for missing climber Tom Ballard |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/02/search-for-missing-mountain-climber-tom-ballard-delayed-as-bad-weather-hits |access-date=3 March 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=2018-03-02}}</ref>

===Taliban attack===
{{Main|2013 Nanga Parbat massacre}}
On June 23, 2013, about 15 extremist militants wearing [[Gilgit Scouts]] uniforms shot and killed ten foreign climbers (one Lithuanian, three Ukrainians, two Slovaks, two Chinese, one Chinese-American, and one Nepali)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Zarar |last2=Abbot |first2=Sebastian |title=Militants kill 9 foreign tourists, 1 Pakistani |url=https://news.yahoo.com/militants-kill-9-foreign-tourists-1-pakistani-083351537.html |work=Yahoo News |agency=AP |access-date=24 June 2013 |quote=The foreigners who were killed included five Ukrainians, three Chinese and one Russian, said Pakistani Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan.}}</ref> and one Pakistani guide at Base Camp. Another foreign victim was injured. The attack occurred at around 1 AM and was claimed by a local branch of the Taliban ([[Pakistani Taliban|Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/23/pakistan-gunmen-climbers_n_3484986.html|title=Pakistan Gunmen Kill 11 Foreign Mountain Climbers Preparing Nanga Parbat Ascent|work=The Huffington Post|date=23 June 2013|access-date=2013-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://altitudepakistan.blogspot.com.es/|title=Massacre at Nanga Parbat Diamir BC – Terrorists Kill 10|publisher=Altitude Pakistan|date=23 June 2013|access-date=2013-06-23}}</ref>

==Appearances in literature and film==
In the first chapter of ''[[Mistress of Mistresses]]'', by [[E.R. Eddison]], the narrator compares his then-deceased compatriot, Lessingham, to Nanga Parbat in a descriptive passage:
:"I remember, years later, his describing to me the effect of the sudden view you get of Nanga Parbat from one of those Kashmir valleys; you have been riding for hours among quiet richly wooded scenery, winding up along the side of some kind of gorge, with nothing very big to look at, just lush, leafy, pussy-cat country of steep hillsides and waterfalls; then suddenly you come round a corner where the view opens up the valley, and you are almost struck senseless by the blinding splendour of that vast face of ice-hung precipices and soaring ridges, sixteen thousand feet from top to toe, filling a whole quarter of the heavens at a distance of, I suppose, only a dozen miles. And now, whenever I call to mind my first sight of Lessingham in that little daleside church so many years ago, I think of Nanga Parbat." (''[[Mistress of Mistresses]]'', 1935, p.2-3)

Jonathan Neale wrote a book about the 1934 climbing season on Nanga Parbat called ''Tigers of the Snow''. He interviewed many old Sherpas, including Ang Tsering, the last man off Nanga Parbat alive in 1934. The book attempts to narrate what went wrong on the expedition, set against the mountaineering history of the early twentieth century, the background of German politics in the 1930s, and the hardship and passion of life in the Sherpa valleys.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tigers of the Snow|url=http://us.macmillan.com/tigersofthesnow/jonathanneale/9781429978583/|website=Macmillan Publishers|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415014627/http://us.macmillan.com/tigersofthesnow/jonathanneale/9781429978583/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The 1953 documentary ''Nanga Parbat 1953'' was filmed and directed by cinematographer [[Hans Ertl (cameraman)|Hans Ertl]], who participated in the expedition and climbed to camp 5 (6500m). ''[[Nanga Parbat (film)|Nanga Parbat]]'' is a movie by [[Joseph Vilsmaier]] about the 1970 expedition of brothers [[Günther Messner]] and [[Reinhold Messner]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091202052102/http://nangaparbat.senator.de/ Official film website]</ref> [[Donald Shebib]]'s 1986 film ''The Climb'' covers the story of Hermann Buhl making the first ascent.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Climb (1986)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090851/ |website=IMDB|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> A 2021 documentary [[The Last Mountain (2021 film)|records the background for the 2019 Nardi/Ballard attempt]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Last Mountain review – a haunting tribute to mother and son |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/sep/26/the-last-mountain-review-a-haunting-tribute-to-mother-and-son |work=the Guardian |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Jean-Jacques Annaud]]'s 1997 film [[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|Seven Years in Tibet]] opens with [[Heinrich Harrer]]'s obsession to climb Nanga Parbat at the beginning of World War II.

A song ''Brothers on Diamir'' by Austrian band [[Edenbridge (band)|Edenbridge]] is based on the Messner brothers' ascent of Nanga Parbat.

[[Nanda Parbat]], a fictional city in the [[DC Universe]], is named after the mountain.

In the 2017 TV series ''[[Dark (TV series)|Dark]]'', a German character mentions that "Nanga Parbat has been conquered" when explaining that the current year is 1953.

==Nearby peaks==
* [[Rakhiot Peak]]
* [[Chongra Peak]]
* [[Mazeno Peak]]
* [[Rupal Peak]]
* [[Laila Peak (Rupal Valley)]]
* [[Shaigiri]]

==See also==
* [[List of deaths on Nanga Parbat]]
* [[Geology of the Himalaya]]
* [[Karakoram fault system]] - major [[active fault]] system within the Himalayas
* [[List of highest mountains on Earth]]
* [[Rupal Valley]]
* [[Astore Valley]]

==References==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=caj_1937>{{cite journal | title = The Nanga Parbat Disaster, 1937 | journal = [[Canadian Alpine Journal]] | publisher = Alpine Club of Canada | volume = XXV (1937) | page = 139 | date = June 1938 | url = http://library.alpineclubofcanada.ca:8009/book-acc.php?id=CAJ025-1-1937#page/139/mode/1up | access-date = 2019-08-19 | archive-date = 2021-09-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210920133116/http://library.alpineclubofcanada.ca:8009/book-acc.php?id=CAJ025-1-1937#page/139/mode/1up | url-status = dead }}</ref>
}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.war-life.com/2017/07/25/the-german-obsession-with-nanga-parbat/ The German obsession with Nanga Parbat – War Life] | Nathan Morley
* {{cite book | title=Abode of Snow: A History of Himalayan Exploration and Mountaineering From Earliest Times to the Ascent of Everest | last=Mason | first=Kenneth | orig-year=1955 published by Rupert Hart-Davis | year=1987 | publisher=Diadem Books | isbn=978-0-906371-91-6 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/abodeofsnowhisto0000maso }}
* {{cite book | title=Tigers of the Snow |last=Neale |first=Jonathan
   | year=2002 |publisher=St Martin's Press |isbn=0-312-26623-5}}
* {{cite book |title=Climbing the World's 14 Highest Mountains: The History of the 8,000-Meter Peaks
   | last1=Sale |first1=Richard|last2=Cleare|first2=John
   | year=2000 |publisher=Mountaineers Books |location=Seattle |isbn=978-0-89886-727-5}}
* {{cite book | title=Dark Shadows Falling | last=Simpson | first=Joe | author-link=Joe Simpson (mountaineer) | year=1997 | publisher=Jonathan Cape | location=London | isbn=0-224-04368-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/darkshadowsfalli0000simp }}
* Herrligkoffer, Karl M., ''Nanga Parbat''. Elek Books, 1954.
* [[Robert Lock Graham Irving|Irving, R. L. G.]], ''Ten Great Mountains'' (London, J. M. Dent & Sons, 1940)
* [[Ahmed Hasan Dani]], [[Chilas]]: The City of Nanga Parvat (Dyamar). 1983. {{ASIN|B0000CQDB2}}
* Alpenvereinskarte "Nanga Parbat", 1:50,000, Deutsche Himalaya Expedition 1934.
* Andy Fanshawe and Stephen Venables, ''Himalaya Alpine-Style'', Hodder and Stoughton, 1995.
* Audrey Salkeld (editor), ''World Mountaineering'', Bulfinch, 1998.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060422024333/http://www.americanalpineclub.org/knowledge/aaj.asp American Alpine Journal]
* [http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/ Himalayan Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717233808/http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/ |date=2017-07-17 }}
* [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/dem3.html#himalayas DEM files for the Himalaya] (Corrected versions of SRTM data)
* [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,1552233,00.html Guardian International story on Gunther Messner]
* ''Climbing'' magazine, April 2006.
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | author-link=Hermann Buhl|author = Buhl, Herman | title = Nanga Parbat Pilgrimage
  | location = London | publisher = Hodder and Stoughton | year = 1956 | isbn = 0-340-26498-5}}
* [[Reinhold Messner|Messner, Reinhold]], ''Solo Nanga Parbat'', London, Kale and Ward, 1980, {{ISBN|0-7182-1250-9}} (Britain), {{ISBN|0-19-520196-5}} (USA)

==External links==
{{commons}}
*{{cite peakware|id=191|name=Nanga Parbat}}
*[http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150276/nanga-parbat.html Nanga Parbat on summitpost.org]
*[http://www.himalaya-info.org/Map%20nanga_parbat.htm Nanga Parbat on Himalaya-Info.org (German)]
*[http://www.peaklist.org/spire/lists/world-25.html A mountain list ranked by local relief and steepness] showing Nanga Parbat as the World #1
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714214132/http://www.naqoosh.com/nanga-parbat-rupal-face-trek/ A Quick approach through lovely meadows leads to the base camp of NANGA PARBAT’s enormous RUPAL face]

{{Eight-thousander}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nanga Parbat| ]]
[[Category:Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Eight-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Astore District]]
[[Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia]]