View source for Natanz

{{Short description|City in Isfahan province, Iran}}

{{for|the administrative division of Isfahan province|Natanz County}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
|name                    = Natanz
|native_name             = {{langx|fa|نطنز}}
|native_name_lang        = fa
|settlement_type         = City
|image_skyline           = Shrine Complex of Sheikh 'Abd al-Samad, Natanz 01.jpg
|imagesize               = 
|image_alt               = 
|image_caption           = Shrine Complex of [[Abdas-Samad Esfahani|Abd al Samad]], built in 1304
|image_flag              = 
|flag_alt                = 
|image_seal              = 
|seal_alt                = 
|image_shield            = 
|shield_alt              = 
|etymology               = 
|nickname                = 
|motto                   = 
|image_map               = 
|map_alt                 = 
|map_caption             = 
|pushpin_map             = Iran
|pushpin_map_alt         = 
|pushpin_map_caption     = 
|pushpin_label_position  = 
|coordinates             = {{Coord|33|30|26|N|51|54|49|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=33.507222&mlon=51.913611&zoom=15#map=15/33.50722/51.91361|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Natanz, Natanz County|date=1 December 2024|access-date=1 December 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type        = Country
|subdivision_name        = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Isfahan province|Isfahan]]
|subdivision_type2       = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2       = [[Natanz County|Natanz]]
|subdivision_type3       = [[Bakhsh (administrative division)|District]]
|subdivision_name3       = [[Central District (Natanz County)|Central]]
|established_title       = 
|established_date        = 
|founder                 = 
|leader_title            = 
|leader_name             = 
|leader_title1           = 
|leader_name1            = 
|unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
|area_footnotes          = 
<!-- square kilometers -->
|area_total_km2          = 
|elevation_footnotes     = 
|elevation_m             = 
|population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 Isfahan Province"/>
|population_as_of        = 2016
|population_total        = 44,551
|population_density_km2  = auto
|population_note         = 
|population_demonym      = 
|timezone                = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset              = +3:30
|website                 = [https://natanz.ir natanz.ir]
}}

'''Natanz''' ({{langx|fa|نطنز}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Naţanz'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3076691}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Natanz County)|Central District]] of [[Natanz County]], Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Isfahan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Isfahan province, centered in the city of Isfahan|language=fa|website=lamtakam.com|via=Lam ta Kam|url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113034|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204010546/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113034|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=4 February 2024|date=c. 2024|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 93808-907; Notification 82838/T131K|access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref> It is {{convert|70|km|mi}} south-east of [[Kashan]].

==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 12,060 in 3,411 households.<ref name="2006 Isfahan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Isfahan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/10.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083455/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/10.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 12,281 people in 3,829 households.<ref name="2011 Isfahan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Isfahan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Esfahan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117221845/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Esfahan.xls|archive-date=17 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 14,122 people in 4,564 households.<ref name="2016 Isfahan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Isfahan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_10.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019041954/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_10.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>

==Nuclear facility==
{{further|Natanz Nuclear Facility|Nuclear facilities in Iran#Natanz}}

[[Natanz nuclear facility]] is part of [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran’s nuclear program]]. It is located some 33 km NNW from the town ({{coord|33|43|N|51|43|E}}) near a major highway, is generally recognized as Iran's central facility for [[uranium enrichment]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Board/2008/gov2008-38.pdf |title=Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council Resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007) and 1803 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran|date=15 September 2008 |access-date=2012-06-19}}</ref>
== Geography ==
===Location===
Natanz is located 120 km northeast of Isfahan and on the main north-south highway of Iran. Its altitude is 1666 meters above sea level. The distance between Tehran and Natanz is 326 km, and it takes about 4 hours by car.{{cn|date=March 2024}} The [[Karkas mountain chain]] (Kuh-e Karkas) (meaning ''mountain of [[vultures]]''), at an elevation of 3,899 meters, rises above the town.<ref>The place where [[Darius III]] was murdered by his relative, the [[satrap]] [[Bessus]], is believed by historians to lie in the region of [[Ahevanu]] in [[Semnan province]], much more to the east and north than Natanz.</ref>

===Climate===
The average temperature of the city is 15.5 degrees Celsius and the average annual rainfall is 195 mm.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=Visit Natanz Tourist Attractions, Historical & Natural {{!}} Destination Iran |url=https://www.destinationiran.com/natanz-tourist-attractions.htm |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=www.destinationiran.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NATANZ Geography Population Map cities coordinates location - Tageo.com |url=https://www.tageo.com/index-e-ir-v-28-d-m4329449.htm |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=tageo.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| name         =  
| width        =  80%
| collapsed    =  
| open         =  
| metric first = yes
| single line  = yes
| trace        = 
| location     = Natanz (1992-2005)
| temperature colour =
| Jan mean C  =2.1
| Feb mean C  =4.4
| Mar mean C  =8.5
| Apr mean C  =15.0
| May mean C  =19.7
| Jun mean C  =25.4
| Jul mean C  =28.2
| Aug mean C  =27.7
| Sep mean C  =23.4
| Oct mean C  =17.0
| Nov mean C  =9.5
| Dec mean C  =4.6
| year mean C =
| Jan dew point C =-5.4
| Feb dew point C =-6.2
| Mar dew point C =-4.4
| Apr dew point C =0.0
| May dew point C =1.8
| Jun dew point C =1.7
| Jul dew point C =4.1
| Aug dew point C =1.6
| Sep dew point C =0.0
| Oct dew point C =-0.7
| Nov dew point C =-2.5
| Dec dew point C =-4.0

| Jan humidity    =57
| Feb humidity    =47
| Mar humidity    =42
| Apr humidity    =37
| May humidity    =31
| Jun humidity    =21
| Jul humidity    =22
| Aug humidity    =18
| Sep humidity    =21
| Oct humidity    =31
| Nov humidity    =45
| Dec humidity    =55
| year humidity   =

| precipitation colour  =green
| Jan precipitation mm  =34.0
| Feb precipitation mm  =23.2
| Mar precipitation mm  =43.3
| Apr precipitation mm  =28.6
| May precipitation mm  =19.8
| Jun precipitation mm  =2.1
| Jul precipitation mm  =0.5
| Aug precipitation mm  =0.9
| Sep precipitation mm  =0.1
| Oct precipitation mm  =5.6
| Nov precipitation mm  =16.6
| Dec precipitation mm  =20.6
| year precipitation mm =

| unit snow days =  <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm. -->
| Jan snow days  =3.6
| Feb snow days  =2.6
| Mar snow days  =1.3
| Apr snow days  =0
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.1
| Dec snow days  =1.9
| year snow days =

| source = IRIMO<ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 5: AVERAGE OF MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Natanz(99241) |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/5.asp |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321073019/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/5.asp |archive-date=21 March 2016 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Chaharmahalmet |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 10: AVERAGE OF DEW POINT TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Natanz(99241) |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/10.asp |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518093900/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/10.asp |archive-date=18 May 2013 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Chaharmahalmet |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 14: AVERAGE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN PERCENT Station: Natanz(99241) |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/14.asp |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322031147/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/14.asp |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Chaharmahalmet |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 25:  MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN MM. Station: Natanz(99241) |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/25.asp |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116152158/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/25.asp |archive-date=16 January 2016 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Chaharmahalmet |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 32: NO. OF DAYS WITH SNOW OR SLEET Station: Natanz(99241) |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/32.asp |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320013126/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/esf/NATANZ/32.asp |archive-date=20 March 2016 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Chaharmahalmet |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}</ref>
}}

== Agriculture ==
=== Saffron ===
Natanz [[saffron]] is one of the agricultural products of Natanz city, which is compatible with the climate of this region. Natanz saffron is of good quality and most of this product is exported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=buying saffron Archives |url=https://www.rowhanisaffron.com/tag/buying-saffron/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Iranian Saffron supplier and exporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Because Natanz city has three different types of climate, saffron cultivation in this area has given good results, so that some years it has yielded more than 1600 kg of dry saffron.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iroonia |first=Mr |date=2020-07-05 |title=60 years old saffron cultivation in TorqRud area of Natanz city |url=https://www.rowhanisaffron.com/60-years-old-saffron-cultivation-in-torqrud-area-of-natanz-city/ |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=Iranian Saffron supplier and exporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Garden produce===
Currently, the economy of Natanz is in the field of agriculture, people make a living by producing garden products such as [[Pear|pears]], [[beets]], [[Walnut|walnuts]], [[Pomegranate|pomegranates]] and saffron.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2019 |title=Visit Natanz Tourist Attractions, Historical & Natural {{!}} Destination Iran |url=https://www.destinationiran.com/natanz-tourist-attractions.htm |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=destinationiran.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Its pear fruits are well known.<ref name=Bamford2>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. "The Secret War" ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', 12 June 2013. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/06/general-keith-alexander-cyberwar/2/ 2]. Retrieved 14 June 2013.</ref>

==Historical monuments==
It is known as the shrine of [[Abdas-Samad Esfahani|Abd as-Samad]].<ref name=Bamford2/> Elements in the present complex date from 1304 with subsequent additions and restorations, such as the [[Khaneqah]] and [[Muqarnas|Muqarnas vault]]. The tomb honors the [[Sufi]] ''Sheikh Abd al-Samad'', and was built by the Sheikh's disciple, the [[Ilkhanid]] [[vizier]] ''Zain al-Din Mastari''.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Natanz nuclear.jpg|[[Anti-aircraft gun]]s guarding Natanz nuclear facility
Image:Natanz Stony castle.jpg|Natanz Stone Fortress 
Image:Natanz mosque.jpg| Natanz mosque next to the old Chenar
Image:Ancient, Natanz (14288537020).jpg|Ancient tree of Natanz 
File:BdO IR 0293 600 Wz (1).jpg |Portal of Abd al-Samad complex
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant]]
* [[Nuclear facilities in Iran]]
* [[Stuxnet|Stuxnet computer worm]]

{{Commons category-inline}}

{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iran/natanz03_02.html Institute for Science and International Security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615052248/https://www.isis-online.org/publications/iran/natanz03_02.html |date=15 June 2025 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041211011922/http://tehran.stanford.edu/imagemap/natanz.html Stanford University entry on Natanz]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/natanz.htm Entry on Natanz], globalsecurity.org
* [http://www.persiancarpetguide.com/sw-asia/Rugs/Persian/Natanz_Rugs/Sheikh_Abdolsamad_Mosque_Natanz.htm The Sheikh Abdolsamad Mosque in Natanz Iran], persiancarpetguide.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140721021444/http://www.natanz.org/ Natanz County], natanz.org

{{Authority control}}

{{Isfahan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Natanz County|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Natanz}}

[[Category:Populated places in Natanz County]]

[[Category:Cities in Isfahan province]]

[[Category:Nuclear program of Iran]]