View source for New Kowloon

{{Short description|Area in Hong Kong}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = New Kowloon
| native_name            = 新九龍
| native_name_lang       = zh-hk
| settlement_type        = [[Areas of Hong Kong|Area]]
| image_skyline          = SNC11187.JPG
| imagesize              = 
| image_alt              = 
| image_caption          = Eastern New Kowloon ([[Kowloon Bay (area)|Kowloon Bay]], [[Kwun Tong]], etc.)
| image_flag             = 
| flag_alt               = 
| image_seal             = 
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| image_shield           = 
| shield_alt             = 
| etymology              = Named after the [[Kowloon Peninsula]]
| nickname               = 
| motto                  = 
| image_map              = New Kowloon Map.png
| map_alt                = 
| map_caption            = Approx. location of New Kowloon (in red), as defined in a 1937 legislation, compared to the Kowloon [[geographical constituency|geographical constituencies]] of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]] (in green); note that the newer 13/31 runway of the former [[Kai Tak Airport]] reclaimed land (also coloured in green), now considered part of New Kowloon, e.g. in lot numbers, did not exist until the 1950s.
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|coordinates             = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:city|display=inline,title}} -->
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| coordinates_footnotes  = 
| subdivision_type       = Statutorily-defined area(s)
| subdivision_name       = [[Kowloon]] / [[New Territories]]
| subdivision_type1      = Territory
| subdivision_name1      = {{Flag|Hong Kong}}
| subdivision_type2      = Sovereign state
| subdivision_name2      = {{Flag|China}}
| established_title      = [[Convention of Peking|Cession of Kowloon]]
| established_date       = 1860
| established_title2     = [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory|Leased (as a part of <br />the New Territories)]]
| established_date2      = 1898
| established_title3     = [[New Territories (Extension of Laws) Ordinance, 1900|Defined (from a part of<br />{{nowrap|the New Territories)}}]]
| established_date3      = 1900
| founder                = 
| unit_pref              = Metric
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| area_urban_footnotes   = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| timezone1              = [[Hong Kong Time]]
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| iso_code               = 
|module                  = {{Chinese|child=yes|t={{linktext|新|九龍}}|s={{linktext|新|九龙}}|l=New Nine [[Chinese dragon|Dragons]]|y=Sān Gáulùhng|ci={{IPAc-yue|s|an|1|g|au|2|l|ung|4}}|j=San1 Gau2lung4|h=Sin<sup>1</sup> Giu<sup>3</sup>lung<sup>2</sup>|p=Xīn Jiǔlóng|showflag=y}}
| footnotes              = 
}}

'''New Kowloon''' is an [[areas of Hong Kong|area]] in [[Hong Kong]], bounded to the south by [[Boundary Street]], and to the north by the ranges of the [[Eagle's Nest (Hong Kong)|Eagle's Nest]], [[Beacon Hill (Hong Kong)|Beacon Hill]], [[Lion Rock]], [[Tate's Cairn]] and [[Kowloon Peak]]. It covers the present-day [[Kwun Tong District]] and [[Wong Tai Sin District]], and northern parts of the [[Sham Shui Po District]] and [[Kowloon City District]].

The name of this area is{{since when? |Census data, e.g., as late as 1981 gave separate results for Kowloon and New Kowloon, and as "Kowloon and New Kowloon" in subsequent censuses and bycensuses way into the 2000s.|date=May 2024}} rarely used in day-to-day life. Areas that belong to New Kowloon are usually referred to as a part of Kowloon. However, in land leases, it is common to refer to land lots in lot numbers as "New Kowloon Inland Lot number #".

==History==
{{Expand language|langcode=yue|otherarticle=新九龍#歷史|topic=History|date=November 2021}}

By the [[Convention of Peking]] in 1860, the territory of British-owned [[Kowloon]] was defined as area on the [[Kowloon Peninsula]] south of a line which later became [[Boundary Street]] (known as Kowloon, inclusive of [[Stonecutters Island]]), which was ceded by the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] (Ch'ing Empire, Manchu Empire) to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] under the Convention.

On the other hand, the territory north of [[Boundary Street]] (later known as New Kowloon) remained part of Qing Empire until it was leased as part of the [[New Territories]] to the UK in 1898 for 99 years under the [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory]] (also known as the [[Convention of Peking|Second Convention of Peking]]). The area of New Kowloon was defined in statutory law first in November 1900<ref>[https://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/835dad6412b236407270aa8064c67dde.pdf#https://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/items/show/733 New Territories (Extension of Laws) Ordinance 1900, Ordinance No. 8 of 1900]</ref><ref>Plan of New Kowloon, signed by the [[Public Works Department#Hong Kong|Director of Public Works]] and countersigned by the
[[Governor of Hong Kong|Governor]] and deposited in the [[Lands Department|Land Office of the Colony]], and deposited at the [[Courts of Hong Kong|Magistracy]] and at the [[Chief Secretary (Hong Kong)#Administration Wing|Office of the Colonial Secretary]] according to the New Territories (Extension of Laws) Ordinance 1900</ref> (and referred to as such<ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/1927/h270901.pdf Hong Kong Legislative Council]</ref><ref>[https://digital.soas.ac.uk/content/AA/00/00/04/37/00002/pdf.pdf Administrative Reports for the Year 1909]</ref><ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/1930/h300313.pdf Hong Kong Legislative Council]</ref><ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/1924/h240828.pdf Hong Kong Legislative Council]</ref><ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/1937/h370728.pdf Hong Kong Legislative Council]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hkmaps.hk/map_1926.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710052223/http://www.hkmaps.hk/map_1926.html |archive-date=10 July 2019 |title=HK Maps}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hkmaps.hk/map_1920.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104233053/http://www.hkmaps.hk/map_1920.html |archive-date=4 November 2018 |title=HK Maps}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hkmaps.hk/map_1913.1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630151735/http://www.hkmaps.hk/map_1913.1.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |title=HK Maps}}</ref>) and again in December 1937<ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/1937/h371215.pdf Hong Kong Legislative Council]</ref><ref>Sched 5 to the IGCO</ref><ref>[http://www.somanhing.com/gotowalk/history/newkowloon.pdf#page=2 Plan marked “New Kowloon” dated 8 December 1937, signed by the Director of Public Works, countersigned by the Governor and deposited in the Land Registry.]</ref> {{citation needed span|to increase land available for urban development.|date=November 2021}} For most part the northern boundary of the area was defined by the 500&nbsp;feet (152&nbsp;metres) contour. In practice, nevertheless, both the areas to the south and to the north of Boundary Street (i.e. both [[Kowloon]] and New Kowloon), from the [[Lei Yue Mun]] strait in the east to [[Mei Foo Sun Chuen]] and [[Lai Chi Kok Bay]] in the west, are collectively known as "Kowloon". For example, a postal address in [[Kwun Tong]] will identify "Kowloon" as its regional destination, even though it is technically in New Kowloon and not part of Kowloon as statutorily defined.

==Current situation==
In modern-day conversations, the term "New Kowloon" is now{{when|reason=Since when?|date=November 2021}} rarely heard in Hong Kong. New Kowloon is no longer regarded as part of the [[New Territories]], but as a part of the Kowloon urban area beyond Boundary Street. Nevertheless, the legal definitions of Kowloon, New Kowloon and New Territories remain unchanged—New Kowloon has remained legally part of the [[New Territories]] instead of [[Kowloon]].<ref>Schedules 4, 5 and 5A, Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (IGCO), HK Law Cap. 1</ref> On 1 July 1997, the territories on both sides of [[Boundary Street]] (ceded and leased respectively) were transferred to [[China]], along with the rest of [[Hong Kong]].

However, the designation "New Kowloon" still has some legal implications. Almost{{clarify|Is there any exception?|date=May 2024}} all lands of Hong Kong are government land (known as [[crown land]] in Commonwealth countries and before 1997 in Hong Kong), while all crown leases (now known as government leases in Hong Kong) of New Kowloon and New Territories lands had been expired on 27 June 1997, but automatically extended up to 30 June 2047 due to the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]].<ref>Annex III, {{Cite wikisource|title=Sino-British Joint Declaration}}</ref> This renewal implies that, all privately owned land leases of New Kowloon, has to pay [[government rent in Hong Kong|government rent]] ([[Crown land|crown]][[land rent| rent]] in Commonwealth countries) as leases in the rest of the New Territories, and unlike the rest of the Kowloon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rvd.gov.hk/en/public_services/government_rent.html|title=Government Rent|date=1 August 2019|access-date=6 December 2020|publisher=Rating and Valuation Department|location=Hong Kong|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511111227/https://www.rvd.gov.hk/en/public_services/government_rent.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Kowloon land leases (Kowloon south of the Boundary Street) are not required to pay the [[land rent|government rent]] to the government, unless they are new leases, or are old leases having been renewed and such clauses have been inserted in the renewed lease contract.

The land reclaimed from the [[Kowloon Bay (body of water)|Kowloon Bay]] water body, such as [[Kai Tak Development|Kai Tak]], are also referred as part of New Kowloon in land leases,<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202010/23/P2020102300750.htm|title=Government to sell site in Kai Tak by public tender|date=23 October 2020|access-date=3 December 2020|website=info.gov.hk|publisher=Hong Kong Government}}</ref><ref>https://hos.housingauthority.gov.hk/mini-site/hos2022/common/pdf/DMC_Kai_Yan_Court.pdf https://hos.housingauthority.gov.hk/mini-site/hos2022/common/pdf/brochure/Sales_Brochure_Kai_Yan.pdf</ref> although these lots do not appear to be included in the 1937 map.

==See also==
* [[History of Hong Kong]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|New Kowloon}}
*[https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap1?xpid=ID_1438402523047_002 Definition of New Kowloon in the Laws of Hong Kong as defined in 1937, Cap 1 SCHED 5, Hong Kong Laws]. 
* [https://www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/essentials-1617ise07-land-tenure-system-in-hong-kong.htm Land Tenure System in Hong Kong - Legislative Council]
{{coord|22.3341|114.1871|display=t}}

{{Hong Kong Urban Areas}}

[[Category:New Kowloon| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Kowloon]]
[[Category:New Territories]]