View source for New York metropolitan area

{{Short description|none}}
{{About|the area surrounding New York City|other such areas in the state|New York statistical areas{{!}}New York State metropolitan areas}}
{{Use American English|date = September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = New York metropolitan area
| official_name      = New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ metropolitan statistical area<br>New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA<br>combined statistical area
| settlement_type    = [[Megacity]] and [[metropolitan area|metropolitan region]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| perrow         = 1/2/2
| border         = infobox
| total_width    = 288
| image1 = Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg
| image2 = Montauk Point Lighthouse.jpg
| image3 = New York Power Authority and Main Street in White Plains.JPG
| image4 = Paramount Theatre Asbury Park Convention Hall NJ2.jpg
| image5 = Greenwich Municipal Center Historic District, Connecticut.jpg
| image6 = The New York City Skyline at Dusk.jpg
 }}
| image_caption      = From top, left to right: The [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]], the world's principal [[financial centre|financial center]];<ref name=NYCWorldPrincipalFinacialCenter>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/|title=New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index|publisher=[[Reuters]]| last=Jones|first=Huw | year=2022 | access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=June 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611064943/https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html "A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun"]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324073334/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html |date=March 24, 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 11, 2001. Accessed November 20, 2016. "A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world."</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Sorrentino, Christopher|author-link=Christopher Sorrentino|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html |title=When He Was Seventeen|work=The New York Times|date=September 16, 2007|access-date=December 22, 2007|quote=In 1980, there were still the remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417053830/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html |archive-date=April 17, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users|title=Manhattan May Be the Media Capital of the World, But Not for iPad Users|author=Michael P. Ventura|newspaper=DNAinfo|date=April 6, 2010|access-date=June 11, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804015340/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users|archive-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref><ref name=ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time|author=Dawn Ennis|publisher=LGBTQ Nation|date=May 24, 2017|access-date=April 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213225/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Montauk Point Light]], on the [[East End (Long Island)|East End]] of [[Long Island]] at [[sunrise]]; Downtown [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]], in the [[Hudson Valley]] region; the [[Paramount Theatre (Asbury Park, New Jersey)|Paramount Theatre]], at [[Asbury Park Convention Hall]] at nightfall on the [[Jersey Shore]]; [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]], on [[Connecticut]]'s [[Gold Coast (Connecticut)|Gold Coast]], home to many wealthy [[financier]]s and [[hedge fund]]s; and [[Midtown Manhattan]] overlooking [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]] toward the west, across the [[Hudson River]]
| image_map          = New York Metropolitan Area Counties.svg
| map_caption        = Map of the metropolitan divisions (MDs) of the New York metropolitan area and the additional counties that make up the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA [[Combined Statistical Area]] (CSA), as defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA Metro Area |url=http://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/ |access-date=October 14, 2022 |website=Census Reporter |language=en |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015122521/https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/ |url-status=deviated }}</ref>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{{leftlegend|#FDD49E|New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ MD}}
{{leftlegend|#94E5FF|Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY MD}}
{{leftlegend|#99D8C9|Newark, NJ–PA MD}}
{{leftlegend|#FBB4AE|New Brunswick–Lakewood, NJ MD}}
{{leftlegend|#CAB2D6|Rest of the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA}}
{{Col-end}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|States]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|New York}}<br />{{flag|New Jersey}}<br />{{flag|Connecticut}}<br />{{flag|Pennsylvania}}
| seat_type          = [[Core city]]
| seat               = {{flag|New York City|name=New York}}
| parts_type         = [[Satellite city|Satellite cities]]
| parts_style        = coll
| parts              = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of satellite cities
| bullets = true
| [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]]                                                                                                                                                                         
| [[Alpine, New Jersey|Alpine]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Babylon, New York|Babylon]]
| [[Basking Ridge, New Jersey|Basking Ridge]]
| [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]
| [[Beacon, New York|Beacon]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
| [[Bedford (town), New York|Bedford]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]]                                                                                                                                                                         
| [[Brick Township, New Jersey|Brick]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]
| [[Bridgewater Township, New Jersey|Bridgewater]]
| [[Brookfield, Connecticut|Brookfield]]
| [[Brookhaven, New York|Brookhaven]]
| [[Carmel, New York|Carmel]]
| [[Clifton, New Jersey|Clifton]]
| [[Cortlandt, New York|Cortlandt]]                                                                                              
| [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]]
| [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]]
| [[Denville Township, New Jersey|Denville]]
| [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]]
| [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|Englewood Cliffs]]   
| [[Fairfield, Connecticut|Fairfield]]                                                                                                                                        
| [[Flemington, New Jersey|Flemington]]
| [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]]
| [[Franklin Lakes, New Jersey|Franklin Lakes]]
| [[Freehold Township, New Jersey|Freehold]]
| [[Glen Cove, New York|Glen Cove]]
| [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]]
| [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]]
| [[Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey|Hamilton]]
| [[Hawthorne, New Jersey|Hawthorne]]
| [[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]
| [[Hopewell Junction, New York|Hopewell Junction]]
| [[Huntington, New York|Huntington]]
| [[Islip, New York|Islip]]
| [[Jackson Township, New Jersey|Jackson]]
| [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]
| [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]]                                                                                              
| [[Kent, New York|Kent]]
| [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]]                                                                                                                                                             | [[Lake Success, New York|Lake Success]]
| [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood]]
| [[Long Beach, New York|Long Beach]]
| [[Long Branch, New Jersey|Long Branch]]
| [[Mahopac, New York|Mahopac]]                                                                                                                                                             
| [[Mahwah, New Jersey|Mahwah]]
| [[Mamaroneck, New York|Mamaroneck]]                                                                                                                                                                    | [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown, NJ]]
| [[Middletown, Orange County, New York|Middletown, NY]]
| [[Milford, Pennsylvania|Milford]]                                                                                              | [[Millbrook, New York|Millbrook]]                                                                                                                                                             
| [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]]                                                                                                                                                                         
| [[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]]
| [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]]
| [[Mount Kisco, New York|Mount Kisco]]                                                                                                                                                                          
| [[Mount Vernon, New York|Mount Vernon]]
| [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]]
| [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]
| [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]]
| [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]
| [[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]]
| [[Newtown, Connecticut|Newtown]]
| [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]]
| [[North Hempstead, New York|North Hempstead]]
| [[North Salem, New York|North Salem]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]]
| [[Nyack, New York|Nyack]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Old Bridge Township, New Jersey|Old Bridge]]
| [[Ossining, New York|Ossining]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Oyster Bay, New York|Oyster Bay]]
| [[Paramus, New Jersey|Paramus]]
| [[Parsippany–Troy Hills, New Jersey|Parsippany–Troy Hills]]
| [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]]
| [[Pawling (town), New York|Pawling]]                                                                                                                                           | [[Peekskill, New York|Peekskill]]
| [[Perth Amboy, New Jersey|Perth Amboy]]                                                                                                                                                                         
| [[Plainfield, New Jersey|Plainfield]]
| [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Pleasant Valley, New York|Pleasant valley]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Port Chester, New York|Port Chester]]
| [[Port Jervis, New York|Port Jervis]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]]
| [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]
| [[Putnam Valley, New York|Putnam Valley]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]]
| [[Rhinebeck (town), New York|Rhinebeck]]
| [[Rutherford, New Jersey|Rutherford]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[Rye, New York|Rye]]
| [[Scarsdale, New York|Scarsdale]]
| [[Sleepy Hollow, New York|Sleepy Hollow]]                                                                                                                                                                         
| [[Smithtown, New York|Smithtown]]
| [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]]
| [[Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania|Stroudsburg]]                                                                                              
| [[Summit, New Jersey|Summit]]
| [[Toms River Township, New Jersey|Toms River]]
| [[Torrington, Connecticut|Torrington]]
| [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]
| [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]]
| [[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union]]
| [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]]
| [[Wayne, New Jersey|Wayne]]
| [[West New York, New Jersey|West New York]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[West Point, New York|West Point]]                                                                                                                                           
| [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]]
| [[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]]
| [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]]
| [[Yorktown, New York|Yorktown]]                                                                                                                                          
}}
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| unit_pref          = US<!-- or UK or Metric -->
| area_urban_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Urban Areas">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |title=Urban and Rural: List of 2020 Census Urban Areas |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 3,248.1
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 6,139.6
| area_note          = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name=PopEstCBSA>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2024 |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2024 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |date=March 13, 2025 |access-date=March 14, 2025}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Urban Areas"/> (2020)
| population_urban   = 19,426,449
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 5,980.8
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 3,175.8
| population_blank1_title = [[Metropolitan statistical area|Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)]] (2024)<ref name=PopEstCBSA />
| population_blank1  = 19,940,274 ([[Metropolitan statistical area#Rankings|1st]])
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| population_blank2_title = [[Combined statistical area|Combined statistical area (CSA)]] (2024)<ref name=PopEstCBSA />
| population_blank2  = 22,342,624 ([[Metropolitan statistical area#List of combined statistical areas|1st]])
| population_density_blank2_sq_mi = 
| population_demonyms = {{ubl|Metropolitan New Yorker|Tri-Stater|Greater New Yorker}}
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP35620|work=[[Federal Reserve Economic Data]] |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]]}}</ref><ref name=fred.stlouisfed.org/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Metropolitan statistical area|Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)]] (2023)
| demographics2_info1 = US$2.299 trillion (2023)
| demographics2_title2 = [[Combined statistical area|Combined statistical area (CSA)]] (2023)
| demographics2_info2 = US$2.608 trillion (2023)
| timezone1          = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset1        = −05:00
| timezone1_DST      = [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = −04:00
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_codes         = [[Area codes 201 and 551|201]], [[Area code 203|203]], [[Area code 212|212]], [[Area code 332|332]], [[Area codes 570 and 272|272]], [[Area code 347|347]], [[Area code 203|475]], [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|484]], [[Area code 516|516]], [[Area codes 201 and 551|551]], [[Area code 570|570]], [[Area codes 609 and 640|609]], [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|610]], [[Area code 631|631]], [[Area code 934|934]], [[Area codes 609 and 640|640]], [[Area code 646|646]], [[Area code 718|718]], [[Area code 732|732]], [[Area code 845|845]], [[Area code 848|848]], [[Area code 860|860]], [[Area code 862|862]], [[Area code 908|908]], [[Area code 914|914]], [[Area code 917|917]], [[Area code 929|929]], [[Area code 973|973]]
| area_code_type     = 
| iso_code           = 
| website            = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes          = '''Highest elevation''' 4,180 ft/1,274 m ([[Slide Mountain (Ulster County, New York)]], in the [[Catskill Mountains]]).<br /> '''Lowest elevation''' 0 ft/0 m ([[sea level]]) at the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Long Island Sound]], and at [[Hudson River]] [[estuary]] waterways.
}}

The '''New York metropolitan area''', also called the '''Tri-State area''' and sometimes referred to as '''Greater New York''' or '''Metro New York''', is the [[List of cities by GDP|largest metropolitan economy in the world]], with a [[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|gross metropolitan product]] of over US$2.6&nbsp;trillion.<ref name=fred.stlouisfed.org/> It is also the [[List of largest cities by area|largest]] [[metropolitan area]] in the world by [[urban area|urban landmass]],<ref name=NYCMetroLargestUrbanLandmassWorld1>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-cities-in-the-world-by-land-area.html|title=Largest Cities In The World By Land Area|date=January 7, 2019|publisher=WorldAtlas|access-date=January 18, 2023|quote=New York is often estimated to be the largest city in the world by land area.|archive-date=January 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118064010/https://www.worldatlas.com/amp/articles/largest-cities-in-the-world-by-land-area.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYCMetroLargestUrbanLandmassWorld2>{{Cite web |date=April 2018 |title=World Urban Areas |url=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |access-date=April 27, 2018 |publisher=[[Demographia]] |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013155105/http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> encompassing {{convert|4669.0|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=NewYorkCityWorldsLargestUrbanLandmass>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/13966/the-worlds-largest-cities-by-area/|title=The World's Largest Cities By Area|author=Niall McCarthy|publisher=Statista|location=Hamburg|date=February 5, 2021|access-date=March 1, 2021|archive-date=February 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209155739/https://www.statista.com/chart/13966/the-worlds-largest-cities-by-area/|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the [[List of largest cities#Metropolitan area|most populous metro areas in the world]], New York is the largest [[metropolitan statistical area]] in the United States and the only one with more than 20 million residents according to the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. Census]].

The core of this vast area, the New York metropolitan statistical area, includes [[New York City]] and much of [[Downstate New York]] ([[Long Island]] as well as the mid- and lower [[Hudson Valley]]), [[North Jersey|northern]] and [[Central Jersey|central]] [[New Jersey]] (including that state's [[List of municipalities in New Jersey|eleven largest municipalities]]), and [[Southwestern Connecticut]]. The phrase '''Tri-State area''' is used to refer to the larger urbanized area of Downstate New York, northern New Jersey, and western Connecticut. The urban region's [[combined statistical area]], the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA combined statistical area, spans four states.

The New York metropolitan statistical area was in 2020 the most populous in the United States, with 20.1 million residents, or slightly over 6% of the nation's total population.<ref name="PopEstCBSA" /> The [[Combined statistical area#List of combined statistical areas|combined statistical area]] includes 23.6 million residents as of 2020.<ref name=CityPopulation.de>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/usa/combmetro/|title=USA: Combined Metropolitan Areas|publisher=CityPopulation.de|date=August 2021|access-date=November 19, 2021|archive-date=April 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402014456/http://citypopulation.de/en/usa/combmetro/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CombinedEst>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/GCTPEPANNR.US41PR|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 – Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico – 2015 Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005001/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/GCTPEPANNR.US41PR|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|title=World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]|publisher=Rhett Butler|year=2003–2006|access-date=November 25, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091009143739/http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|archive-date=October 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/citypops.htm|title=Largest Cities of the World – (by metro population)|publisher=Woolwine-Moen Group d/b/a Graphic Maps|access-date=November 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618031809/http://www.worldatlas.com/citypops.htm|archive-date=June 18, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-wlargestua.pdf|title=Largest urban areas in the world: 2008 All Urban Areas 2,000,000 & Over|publisher=Wendell Cox Consultancy|access-date=November 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901180059/http://www.demographia.com/db-wlargestua.pdf|archive-date=September 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area continues to be the premier gateway for legal [[immigration to the United States]],<ref name=Immigrants2013est>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013214828/https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|archive-date=October 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2012est>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403073333/http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|archive-date=April 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2011est>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|archive-date=August 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2010est>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|archive-date=July 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> having the largest [[Foreign born#Metropolitan and urban regions with the largest foreign-born populations|foreign-born population of any metropolitan region]] in the world. The metropolitan statistical area covers {{convert|6140|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}} while the combined statistical area is {{convert|13318|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}}, encompassing an ethnically and geographically diverse region. The New York metropolitan area's population is larger than that of the state of New York, and the metropolitan [[airspace]] accommodated over 130 million passengers in 2016.<ref name=NYMetroAirspace/>

Greater New York, known as the [[financial centre|financial capital]] of the world, is also the hub of several industries, including [[health care]], [[List of biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area|pharmaceuticals]], and [[List of cities by scientific output#Leading cities in different fields|scientific output in life sciences]],<ref name=NYCLifeSciencesCapital>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 science cities in life sciences |url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/life-sciences |access-date=March 26, 2022 |website=www.natureindex.com |language=en |archive-date=October 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024223430/https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/life-sciences |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYCHealthCareLifeSciencesHub>{{cite press release |url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub|title=Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation|publisher=NY State Office of Information Technology Services|location=Albany|date=October 13, 2022|access-date=October 13, 2022|archive-date=November 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101195547/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub|url-status=live}}</ref> [[international trade]], publishing, real estate, education, fashion, [[Entertainment#Industry|entertainment]], tourism, law, and manufacturing; and if the New York metropolitan area were an independent [[sovereign state]], it would constitute the [[list of countries by GDP (nominal)|eighth-largest economy]] in the world.  It is the most prominent financial,<ref name="NYCDominantFinancialCenter">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE |title=New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey|author=Huw Jones|publisher=Reuters|date=January 27, 2020|access-date=January 27, 2020|quote=New York remains the world’s top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127114217/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE|archive-date=January 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8|title=Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S. |quote=For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world. |work=Business Insider |date=July 31, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016233339/http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/ |title=PAL sets introductory fares to New York|publisher=[[Philippine Airlines]]|access-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327052843/http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2 |archive-date=March 27, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Richard Florida">{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/|title=What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?|author=Richard Florida|magazine=The Atlantic |date=May 8, 2012|access-date=March 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318072635/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/|archive-date=March 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[United Nations Headquarters|diplomatic]], and [[Media in New York City|media]] hub<ref name="Felix Richter">{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/|title=New York Is The World's Media Capital|author=Felix Richter|publisher=Statista|date=March 11, 2015|access-date=May 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714100140/https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/|archive-date=July 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Ennis">{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time|author=Dawn Ennis|publisher=LGBTQ Nation|date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213225/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|archive-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> in the world.<ref name=WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter/><ref name="EconomicallyPowerful2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.citylab.com/work/2015/03/sorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/386315/|title=Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City|author=Richard Florida| newspaper=Bloomberg.com |publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group |date=March 3, 2015|access-date=March 25, 2015|quote=Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314002727/http://www.citylab.com/work/2015/03/sorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/386315/|archive-date=March 14, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to ''[[Forbes]]'', in 2014, the New York metropolitan area was home to eight of the top ten [[ZIP Code]]s in the United States by median housing price, with six in [[Manhattan]] alone.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|title=New York Dominates 2014 List of America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes|author=Erin Carlyle|magazine=Forbes|date=October 8, 2014|access-date=October 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012002319/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|archive-date=October 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area is known for its varied landscape and natural beauty, and contains five of the top ten richest places in America, according to [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]. These are [[Scarsdale, New York]]; [[Short Hills, New Jersey]]; [[Old Greenwich, Connecticut]]; [[Bronxville, New York]]; and [[Darien, Connecticut]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-hundred-richest-places/ |title=These Are the 100 Richest Places in America |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613000053/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-hundred-richest-places/ |archive-date=June 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The New York metropolitan region's [[higher education|higher education network]] comprises hundreds of colleges and universities, including campuses of four [[Ivy League]] [[University|universities]]: [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[Princeton University|Princeton]], [[Yale University|Yale]], and [[Cornell University|Cornell]] (at [[Cornell Tech]] and [[Weill Cornell Medicine]]); the flagship campuses of public universities systems at [[Stony Brook University|Stony Brook]] ([[State University of New York|SUNY]]), [[Rutgers University|Rutgers]] (New Jersey), [[New Jersey Institute of Technology]]; and globally-ranked [[New York University]], [[Rockefeller University]], and [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]].

==Definitions==

===Metropolitan statistical area{{anchor|Metropolitan_Statistical_Area}}===
[[File:New York City, Southern RI and CT, illuminated at night.jpg|thumb|A nighttime view of the New York metropolitan area, with [[Long Island]] extending {{convert|120|mi}} eastward from [[Manhattan]], the area's central core]]
[[File:Palisades cliff.jpg|right|thumb|Part of the [[Palisades Interstate Park]], the cliffs of the [[New Jersey Palisades]] in [[Bergen County, New Jersey]], overlooking the [[Hudson River]], [[The Bronx]], and [[Upper Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]]]
[[File:New York City and the Long Island.jpg|thumb|Enveloped by the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and [[Long Island Sound]], New York City and [[Long Island]] are home to approximately 11 million residents combined]]
[[File:New York Combined Metro Area.png|thumb|The New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area as of March 2020]]
The U.S. [[Office of Management and Budget]] utilizes two definitions of the urbanized area: the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA definition is titled the ''New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area'', and includes a population of 19.9 million people by 2024 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 17 Americans and nearly 2 million more than the second-place [[Greater Los Angeles|Los Angeles Metro Area]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 (CBSA-MET-EST2024-POP) |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2024/metro/totals/cbsa-met-est2024-pop.xlsx |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> The metropolitan statistical area is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-[[County (United States)|county]] metropolitan statistical area includes 10 counties in [[New York (state)|New York State]] (coextensive with the [[Borough (New York City)|five boroughs]] of New York, the two remaining counties of [[Long Island]], and three counties in the [[Lower Hudson|Lower]] [[Hudson Valley]]) and 12 counties in [[North Jersey|Northern]] and [[Central Jersey|Central]] [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=OMB Bulletin No. 23-01 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> The largest [[United States urban area|urbanized area]] in the United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the ''New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ Urban Area'', which had a land area of 3,248 square miles in 2020 according to the 2020 census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A list of all 2020 Census Urban Areas for the U.S., Puerto Rico, and Island Areas sorted by Urban Area Census (UACE) code |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/ua/2020_Census_ua_list_all.xlsx |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> The New York State portion of the metropolitan area, which includes the five boroughs of New York City, the lower Hudson Valley, and Long Island, accounts for over 65 percent of the state's population.

The counties and county groupings constituting the New York metropolitan area are listed below, with 2024 Census estimates:

New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area (19,940,274)
* New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ Metropolitan Division (12,172,495)
**[[Brooklyn|Kings County, NY]] ''(the borough of Brooklyn in NYC)''
** [[Queens|Queens County, NY]] ''(the borough of Queens in NYC)''
** [[Manhattan|New York County, NY]] ''(the borough of Manhattan in NYC)''
** [[The Bronx|Bronx County, NY]] ''(the borough of The Bronx in NYC)''
** [[Staten Island|Richmond County, NY]] ''(the borough of Staten Island in NYC)''
** [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County, NY]]
** [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County, NJ]]
** [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County, NJ]]
** [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic County, NJ]]
** [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County, NY]]
** [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam County, NY]]
* Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division (2,928,347)
** [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County, NY]]
** [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County, NY]]
* New Brunswick–Lakewood, NJ Metropolitan Division (2,561,540) 
** [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County, NJ]]
** [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County, NJ]]
** [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County, NJ]]
** [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County, NJ]]
* Newark, NJ Metropolitan Division (2,277,892)
** [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex County, NJ]]
** [[Union County, New Jersey|Union County, NJ]]
** [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County, NJ]]
** [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County, NJ]]
** [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County, NJ]]

==={{anchor|Combined Statistical Area}} Combined statistical area===
[[Combined statistical area]]s (CSAs) group together adjacent [[core-based statistical area]]s with a high degree of economic interconnection.<ref>{{cite web|title=OMB's Decisions Regarding Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee Concerning Changes to the Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/06/28/2010-15605/2010-standards-for-delineating-metropolitan-and-micropolitan-statistical-areas#h-14|work=Federal Register|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194959/https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/06/28/2010-15605/2010-standards-for-delineating-metropolitan-and-micropolitan-statistical-areas#h-14|archive-date=October 29, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 22.3 million as of 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Combined Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 (CSA-EST2024-POP) |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2024/metro/totals/csa-est2024-pop.xlsx |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> About one out of every fifteen Americans resides in this region, which includes six additional counties in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and two [[Planning regions in Connecticut|planning regions]] in Connecticut. This area, less the Pennsylvania portion, is often referred to as the ''tri-state area'' and less commonly the ''tri-state region''. The New York City television [[Media market|designated market area]] (DMA) includes [[Pike County, Pennsylvania]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://transition.fcc.gov/dtv/markets/maps_current/New_York_NY.pdf |title=New York City Designated Market Area map PDF |access-date=September 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022031125/http://transition.fcc.gov/dtv/markets/maps_current/New_York_NY.pdf |archive-date=October 22, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> which is also included in the CSA.

In addition to the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ metropolitan statistical area (MSA), the following core-based statistical areas are also included in the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA:
* [[Greater Bridgeport|Bridgeport–Stamford–Danbury, CT]] MSA (972,679)
** [[Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, Connecticut|Greater Bridgeport Planning Region]]
** [[Western Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Western Connecticut Planning Region]]
* [[Hemlock Farms, Pennsylvania|Hemlock Farms, PA]] μSA (62,376)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Micropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 (CBSA-MIC-EST2024-POP) |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2024/metro/totals/cbsa-mic-est2024-pop.xlsx |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>
** [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike County]]
* [[Kingston, New York|Kingston, NY]] MSA (182,977)
** [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster County]]
* [[Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area|Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY]] MSA (711,730)
** [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]]
** [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]]
* [[Monticello, New York|Monticello, NY]] MSA (80,450)
** [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan County]]
* [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]–[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton, NJ]] MSA (392,138)
** [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]]
==Geography==
[[File:High Point Monument and Lake Marcia framed.jpg|thumb|[[High Point Monument]] seen from Lake Marcia at High Point in [[Sussex County, New Jersey]], the highest elevation in [[New Jersey]] at {{convert|1803|ft}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 29, 2005 |url=http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=August 31, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102095332/http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archive-date=November 2, 2006 }}</ref>]]
[[File:New York City Area Municipalities.png|thumb|New York City Area [[List of municipalities in New York|Municipalities]]]]

The area is frequently divided into the following subregions:<ref>Geography Explained (see Change in Labor Market Areas) {{cite web |url=http://www.labor.ny.gov/stats/lsgeog.shtm |title=Geography Explained - New York State Department of Labor |access-date=September 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010130030/http://www.labor.ny.gov/stats/lsgeog.shtm |archive-date=October 10, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/puma2k/ct_puma5.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030202817/http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/puma2k/ct_puma5.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Census Map|archive-date=October 30, 2011}}</ref>
* [[New York City]] (the primary urban center of the metropolitan region, comprising five [[boroughs of New York City|boroughs]], one of which is [[Manhattan]], the geographical, cultural, and economic core of the entire metropolitan area)
* Central and eastern [[Long Island]] ([[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] Counties – separated by water from the rest of the region except New York City; not including [[Queens]] County or Kings County ([[Brooklyn]]), which are concurrent with two of New York's five boroughs)
* [[North Jersey]] (northern portion of New Jersey)
* [[Central Jersey]] (middle portion of New Jersey)
* [[Hudson Valley]] (Lower Hudson Valley suburbs of [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]], and [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]] Counties; and Mid-Hudson [[exurb]]s of Dutchess, Sullivan, Orange, and Ulster Counties)
* Western Connecticut (Only [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]], [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]], and [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]] Counties are part of the region and separated by the state line)
* Southern and Eastern [[Pocono Mountains|Poconos]] ([[Monroe County, Pennsylvania|Monroe]] and [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike]] Counties in Pennsylvania)

All eight subregions are often further subdivided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into its [[South Shore (Long Island)|South]] and [[Gold Coast (Long Island)|North Shores]] (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and the [[East End (Long Island)|East End]]. The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of the [[Metro-North Railroad]] system.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.mta.info/mnr/html/generalinformation.html | title=Metro-North Railroad | publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority of the State of New York | access-date=September 27, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714022552/http://web.mta.info/mnr/html/generalinformation.html | archive-date=July 14, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], New York City, western (and parts of eastern) Long Island, and the Jersey Shore experience a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa''),<ref name="Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A">{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/K%C3%B6ppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png |title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson, B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A |publisher=The University of Melbourne |access-date=September 3, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430154838/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Koppen_World_Map.png |archive-date=April 30, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="newyorkpolonia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorkpolonia.com/index.php?sitelg=en&p=localinfo |title=New York Polonia Polish Portal in New York |publisher=NewYorkPolonia.com |access-date=September 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104043645/http://www.newyorkpolonia.com/index.php?sitelg=en&p=localinfo |archive-date=January 4, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and New York is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this climate type.

Much of the remainder of the metropolitan area lies in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (''Cfa'') to a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa''),<ref name="Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A"/><ref name="newyorkpolonia.com"/> and it is only the inland, more exurban areas far to the north and west such as Sussex County, New Jersey, that have a January daily average of {{convert|−3|°C|1}} or below and are fully humid continental; the ''Dfb'' (warm summer subtype) regime is only found inland at a higher elevation,<ref name="Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A"/> and receives greater snowfall<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-snowfall-map.htm|title=united states annual snowfall map|publisher=HowStuffWorks, Inc|access-date=September 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705045127/http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-snowfall-map.htm|archive-date=July 5, 2012}}</ref> than the ''Dfa'' region. Much of Monroe and most of Pike County in Pennsylvania also have a fully humid continental climate.

Summers in the area are typically hot and humid. Nighttime conditions in and around the five boroughs of New York are often exacerbated by the [[urban heat island]] phenomenon, and temperatures exceed {{convert|90|°F|0}} on average of 7–8 days (on the immediate [[Long Island Sound]] and Atlantic coasts), up to in excess of 27 days (inland suburbs in New Jersey) each summer and may exceed {{convert|100|°F|0}}.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Normally, warm to hot temperatures begin in mid-May, and last through early October. Summers also feature passing thundershowers which build in the heat of the day and then drop brief, but intense, rainfall.

Winters are cold with a mix of rain and snow. Although prevailing winds in winter are offshore, and temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic and the partial shielding by the [[Appalachians]] from colder air keep the New York area warmer in the winter than inland North American metropolitan areas located at similar or lesser latitudes including [[Pittsburgh]], [[Cincinnati]], and [[Indianapolis]]. Warm periods with {{convert|50|°F}}+ temperatures may occasionally occur during winter as well.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=The Climate of New York 
 |publisher=New York State Climate Office 
 |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html 
 |access-date=September 3, 2012 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html 
 |archive-date=April 12, 2008 }}</ref> The [[hardiness zone]] in the New York metropolitan area varies over a wide range from 5a in the highest areas of Dutchess, Monroe, and Ulster Counties to 7b in most of NYC as well as Hudson County from Bayonne up the east side of the Palisades to Route 495, the majority of Nassau County, the north coast of Monmouth County, and Copiague Harbor, Lindenhurst, and Montauk in Suffolk County.<ref>[https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ "Interactive Map | USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704214427/https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/interactivemap.aspx|date=July 4, 2019}}.</ref>

Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least {{convert|42|in|sigfig=3}} of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, and many areas receive upwards of {{convert|50|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}. Average winter snowfall for 1981 to 2010 ranges from just under {{convert|25|in|cm|0}} along the coast of Long Island to more than {{convert|50|in|cm|0|abbr=on}} in some inland areas, but this usually varies considerably from year to year.<ref name="Weatherbase New York, New York">{{cite web
  |title=Weatherbase New York, New York
  |publisher=Canty and Associates LLC
  |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=330527&refer=&units=us
  |access-date=September 3, 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916194646/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=330527&refer=&units=us
  |archive-date=September 16, 2012
|url-status=live
  }}</ref> Hurricanes and tropical storms have impacted the Tri-State area in the past, though a direct hit is rare. Several areas on Long Island, New Jersey, and the Connecticut coast have been impacted by serious [[storm surge]]s in the past. Inland areas have been impacted by heavy rain and flooding from tropical cyclones.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/nyregion/wind-and-rain-from-hurricane-irene-lash-new-york.html?pagewanted=all|title=Damage From Irene Largely Spares New York – Recovery Is Slower in New York Suburbs|work=The New York Times|date=August 28, 2011|author=Sam Dolnick|access-date=September 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913214515/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/nyregion/wind-and-rain-from-hurricane-irene-lash-new-york.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=September 13, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

The New York metropolitan area averages 234 days with at least some [[sunshine]] and 59% of possible sunlight annually,<ref name="Percent Sunshine">{{cite web|url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~atrsc/wxpart4.htm#sun1|title=WXPART4: Average Annual Percentage of Possible Sunshine at Phoenix as Compared to Other Major U.S. Cities|publisher=Public.asu.edu|access-date=April 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113105907/http://www.public.asu.edu/~atrsc/wxpart4.htm#sun1|archive-date=January 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> accumulating 2,400 to 2,800 hours of sunshine per annum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm |title=united states annual sunshine map |publisher=HowStuffWorks, Inc |access-date=April 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429042722/http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm |archive-date=April 29, 2011 }}</ref>
{{New York City weatherbox|collapsed=Y}}

{{Weather box
|location = White Plains, New York ([[Westchester County Airport|Westchester Co. Airport]])
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high F = 35.4
|Feb high F = 38.8
|Mar high F = 46.8
|Apr high F = 58.0
|May high F = 68.0
|Jun high F = 77.0
|Jul high F = 81.6
|Aug high F = 79.9
|Sep high F = 72.5<!--rounds down-->
|Oct high F = 61.5
|Nov high F = 51.4
|Dec high F = 40.4
|year high F =59.4
|Jan low F = 21.1
|Feb low F = 22.9
|Mar low F = 29.3
|Apr low F = 39.3
|May low F = 48.6
|Jun low F = 58.9
|Jul low F = 63.9
|Aug low F = 62.9
|Sep low F = 55.1
|Oct low F = 43.7
|Nov low F = 36.0
|Dec low F = 26.8
|year low F =42.5
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.78
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.99
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.52
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.40
|May precipitation inch = 4.12
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.25
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.71
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.16
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.72
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.41
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.97
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.32
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 8.9
|Feb snow inch = 8.8
|Mar snow inch = 5.4
|Apr snow inch = 1.0
|May snow inch =   0
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0
|Oct snow inch =   0
|Nov snow inch =  .3
|Dec snow inch = 5.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|Jan precipitation days =  9.3
|Feb precipitation days =  8.5
|Mar precipitation days = 10.3
|Apr precipitation days = 10.3
|May precipitation days = 10.9
|Jun precipitation days =  9.9
|Jul precipitation days =  9.0
|Aug precipitation days =  9.5
|Sep precipitation days =  8.7
|Oct precipitation days =  9.0
|Nov precipitation days =  9.9
|Dec precipitation days = 10.4
|year precipitation days=
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|Jan snow days = 3.6
|Feb snow days = 2.7
|Mar snow days = 2.0
|Apr snow days =  .3
|May snow days =   0
|Jun snow days =   0
|Jul snow days =   0
|Aug snow days =   0
|Sep snow days =   0
|Oct snow days =   0
|Nov snow days =  .3
|Dec snow days = 2.3
|source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
}}

{{Weather box
| location = West Point, New York
| collapsed = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan high F = 34.8
| Feb high F = 38.6
| Mar high F = 47.7
| Apr high F = 60.6
| May high F = 71.3
| Jun high F = 79.8
| Jul high F = 84.5
| Aug high F = 82.5
| Sep high F = 74.8
| Oct high F = 62.5
| Nov high F = 51.3
| Dec high F = 39.6
| year high F = 60.7
| Jan low F = 20.1
| Feb low F = 22.4
| Mar low F = 29.4
| Apr low F = 40.1
| May low F = 49.8
| Jun low F = 59.1
| Jul low F = 63.7
| Aug low F = 63.0
| Sep low F = 55.2
| Oct low F = 44.5
| Nov low F = 35.8
| Dec low F = 26.2
| year low F = 42.4
| Jan record high F = 71
| Feb record high F = 72
| Mar record high F = 86
| Apr record high F = 96
| May record high F = 97
| Jun record high F = 102
| Jul record high F = 106
| Aug record high F = 105
| Sep record high F = 105
| Oct record high F = 92
| Nov record high F = 82
| Dec record high F = 72
| year record high F = 106
| Jan record low F = -15
| Feb record low F = -17
| Mar record low F = -2
| Apr record low F = 12
| May record low F = 25
| Jun record low F = 39
| Jul record low F = 40
| Aug record low F = 35
| Sep record low F = 28
| Oct record low F = 20
| Nov record low F = 5
| Dec record low F = -16
| year record low F = -17
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.73
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.97
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.93
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.00
| May precipitation inch = 4.15
| Jun precipitation inch = 4.59
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.59
| Aug precipitation inch = 4.54
| Sep precipitation inch = 4.47
| Oct precipitation inch = 4.99
| Nov precipitation inch = 4.33
| Dec precipitation inch = 4.27
| year precipitation inch = 50.55
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan snow inch = 12.2
| Feb snow inch = 11.2
| Mar snow inch = 5.6
| Apr snow inch = .2
| May snow inch = 0
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0
| Nov snow inch = .6
| Dec snow inch = 5.5
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
| Jan precipitation days = 9.8
| Feb precipitation days = 7.8
| Mar precipitation days = 9.2
| Apr precipitation days = 10.6
| May precipitation days = 11.4
| Jun precipitation days = 11.3
| Jul precipitation days = 10.2
| Aug precipitation days = 9.3
| Sep precipitation days = 8.2
| Oct precipitation days = 8.8
| Nov precipitation days = 9.4
| Dec precipitation days = 10.0
| year precipitation days = 115.9
| unit snow days = 0.1 inch
| Jan snow days = 5.1
| Feb snow days = 3.1
| Mar snow days = 1.6
| Apr snow days = .1
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = .3
| Dec snow days = 1.7
| source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals)<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |title=NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=August 11, 2021 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118162611/http://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=okx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NOAAtxt>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00309292&format=pdf |title=Station: West Point, NY |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 11, 2021 |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811141527/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00309292&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source = 
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Bridgehampton, New York
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high F = 38.9
|Feb high F = 40.5
|Mar high F = 47.0
|Apr high F = 56.3
|May high F = 66.1
|Jun high F = 75.2
|Jul high F = 81.0
|Aug high F = 80.2
|Sep high F = 73.5
|Oct high F = 63.2
|Nov high F = 53.7
|Dec high F = 43.8
|year high F= 60.0
|Jan low F = 23.8
|Feb low F = 25.5
|Mar low F = 31.0
|Apr low F = 39.6
|May low F = 48.2
|Jun low F = 58.3
|Jul low F = 64.0
|Aug low F = 63.2
|Sep low F = 56.0
|Oct low F = 45.1
|Nov low F = 37.5
|Dec low F = 28.6
|year low F= 43.4
|Jan record high F =  67
|Feb record high F =  63
|Mar record high F =  79
|Apr record high F =  92
|May record high F =  93
|Jun record high F =  95
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F =  94
|Oct record high F =  88
|Nov record high F =  75
|Dec record high F =  70
|year record high F= 102
|Jan record low F = −11
|Feb record low F = −12
|Mar record low F =   6
|Apr record low F =  14
|May record low F =  29
|Jun record low F =  36
|Jul record low F =  46
|Aug record low F =  41
|Sep record low F =  35
|Oct record low F =  22
|Nov record low F =  10
|Dec record low F =  −6
|year record low F= −12
|precipitation colour= green
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.00
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.72
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.07
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.52
|May precipitation inch = 3.78
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.12
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.45
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.92
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.60
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.20
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.37
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.38

|Jan snow inch = 7.8
|Feb snow inch = 8.4
|Mar snow inch = 5.0
|Apr snow inch =  .9
|May snow inch =   0
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0
|Oct snow inch =   0
|Nov snow inch =  .7
|Dec snow inch = 3.9
|year snow inch=
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|Jan precipitation days =  9.9
|Feb precipitation days =  8.9
|Mar precipitation days = 10.2
|Apr precipitation days = 10.5
|May precipitation days = 10.7
|Jun precipitation days =  8.8
|Jul precipitation days =  7.9
|Aug precipitation days =  7.7
|Sep precipitation days =  8.1
|Oct precipitation days =  8.4
|Nov precipitation days =  9.5
|Dec precipitation days = 10.0
|year precipitation days=
|Jan snow days = 3.2
|Feb snow days = 3.0
|Mar snow days = 1.9
|Apr snow days =  .3
|May snow days =   0
|Jun snow days =   0
|Jul snow days =   0
|Aug snow days =   0
|Sep snow days =   0
|Oct snow days =   0
|Nov snow days =  .2
|Dec snow days = 1.7
|year snow days=
|source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Newark, New Jersey ([[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark Liberty Int'l]])
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high F = 38.8
|Feb high F = 42.3
|Mar high F = 50.7
|Apr high F = 62.0
|May high F = 72.1
|Jun high F = 81.5
|Jul high F = 86.0
|Aug high F = 84.0
|Sep high F = 76.7
|Oct high F = 65.3
|Nov high F = 54.6
|Dec high F = 43.5
|year high F= 63.1
|Jan low F = 24.5<!--rounds down-->
|Feb low F = 26.9
|Mar low F = 33.6
|Apr low F = 43.7
|May low F = 53.3
|Jun low F = 63.3
|Jul low F = 68.7
|Aug low F = 67.5
|Sep low F = 59.7
|Oct low F = 48.0
|Nov low F = 39.0
|Dec low F = 29.6
|year low F= 46.5
|Jan record high F =  74
|Feb record high F =  76
|Mar record high F =  89
|Apr record high F =  97
|May record high F =  99
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 108
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F =  93
|Nov record high F =  85
|Dec record high F =  76
|year record high F= 108
|Jan record low F =  −8
|Feb record low F = −14
|Mar record low F =   6
|Apr record low F =  16
|May record low F =  33
|Jun record low F =  41
|Jul record low F =  51
|Aug record low F =  45
|Sep record low F =  35
|Oct record low F =  25
|Nov record low F =  12
|Dec record low F =  −8
|year record low F= −14
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.53
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.88
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.18
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.20
|May precipitation inch = 4.09
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.02
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.76
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.70
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.82
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.60
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.65
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.80
|year precipitation inch=46.24
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 8.9
|Feb snow inch = 9.5
|Mar snow inch = 4.4
|Apr snow inch =  .9
|May snow inch =   0
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0
|Oct snow inch =   0
|Nov snow inch =  .4
|Dec snow inch = 5.4

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|Jan precipitation days = 10.4
|Feb precipitation days =  9.8
|Mar precipitation days = 11.0
|Apr precipitation days = 11.5
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 11.0
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1
|Aug precipitation days =  9.7
|Sep precipitation days =  8.6
|Oct precipitation days =  8.7
|Nov precipitation days =  9.5
|Dec precipitation days = 10.6
|year precipitation days=122.1
|Jan snow days = 5.0
|Feb snow days = 3.7
|Mar snow days = 2.4
|Apr snow days =  .4
|May snow days =   0
|Jun snow days =   0
|Jul snow days =   0
|Aug snow days =   0
|Sep snow days =   0
|Oct snow days =   0
|Nov snow days =  .4
|Dec snow days = 2.9
|year snow days=14.7
|source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Morristown, New Jersey
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high F = 38
|Feb high F = 41
|Mar high F = 50
|Apr high F = 61
|May high F = 71
|Jun high F = 80
|Jul high F = 85
|Aug high F = 83
|Sep high F = 75
|Oct high F = 65
|Nov high F = 54
|Dec high F = 43
|year high F=
|Jan low F = 18
|Feb low F = 19
|Mar low F = 27
|Apr low F = 36
|May low F = 46
|Jun low F = 54
|Jul low F = 59
|Aug low F = 58
|Sep low F = 51
|Oct low F = 39
|Nov low F = 32
|Dec low F = 23
|year low F=
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.50
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.00
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.41
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.64
|May precipitation inch = 5.09
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.40
|Jul precipitation inch = 5.29
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.37
|Sep precipitation inch = 5.33
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.17
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.37
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.10
|year precipitation inch= 53.67
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/achesandpains/climatology/monthly/USNJ0331?from=36hr_newslinker2 |title=Average Weather for Morristown, New Jersey – Temperature and Precipitation |access-date=March 28, 2008 |publisher=Weather.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023011807/http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/achesandpains/climatology/monthly/USNJ0331?from=36hr_newslinker2 |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

{{Weather box |metric first =
|location = Toms River, New Jersey
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 75
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 87
|Apr record high F = 97
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 91
|Nov record high F = 85
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F= 105
|Jan high F = 41
|Feb high F = 44
|Mar high F = 51
|Apr high F = 61
|May high F = 71
|Jun high F = 80
|Jul high F = 85
|Aug high F = 83
|Sep high F = 77
|Oct high F = 67
|Nov high F = 57
|Dec high F = 46
|year high F=
|Jan low F = 22
|Feb low F = 24
|Mar low F = 30
|Apr low F = 39
|May low F = 49
|Jun low F = 59
|Jul low F = 64
|Aug low F = 62
|Sep low F = 55
|Oct low F = 43
|Nov low F = 35
|Dec low F = 27
|year low F=
|Jan record low F = −24
|Feb record low F = −24
|Mar record low F = −4
|Apr record low F = 12
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 43
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 31
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 9
|Dec record low F = −12
|year record low F= −24
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.92
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.30
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.79
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.07
|May precipitation inch = 3.73
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.80
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.60
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.69
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.79
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.90
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.11
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.51
|year precipitation inch= 49.8
|Jan snow inch = 7.01
|Feb snow inch = 5.99
|Mar snow inch = 5.00
|Apr snow inch = 0.98
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0
|Nov snow inch = 0.98
|Dec snow inch = 4.02
|year snow inch  = 23.98
|Jan precipitation days = 11
|Feb precipitation days = 10
|Mar precipitation days = 11
|Apr precipitation days = 11
|May precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 10
|Jul precipitation days = 9
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 8
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Dec precipitation days = 10
|year precipitation days= 118
|Jan snow days = 4
|Feb snow days = 3
|Mar snow days = 2
|Apr snow days = .5
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = .2
|Dec snow days = 2
|year snow days= 11.7
|Jan sun = 155.0
|Feb sun = 155.4
|Mar sun = 201.5
|Apr sun = 216.0
|May sun = 244.9
|Jun sun = 270.0
|Jul sun = 275.9
|Aug sun = 260.4
|Sep sun = 219.0
|Oct sun = 204.6
|Nov sun = 156.0
|Dec sun = 136.4
|year sun= 2495.1
|source 1 =weather.com<ref name = weather>[https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/43a346a4faef56f75129d2eac8bf729ab0d1a3ad3473f0af3c95d6e9fd575eb1 Average weather for Toms River, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714225403/https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/43a346a4faef56f75129d2eac8bf729ab0d1a3ad3473f0af3c95d6e9fd575eb1 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, [[Weather.com]]. Accessed November 3, 2019.</ref>
|date=August 2010
|precipitation colour=green}}

{{Weather box
|location = Bridgeport, Connecticut ([[Sikorsky Memorial Airport|Sikorsky Airport]])
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F =  68
|Feb record high F =  67
|Mar record high F =  84
|Apr record high F =  91
|May record high F =  97
|Jun record high F =  97
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F =  89
|Nov record high F =  78
|Dec record high F =  76
|year record high F =103
|Jan high F = 37.1
|Feb high F = 39.7
|Mar high F = 47.2
|Apr high F = 57.6
|May high F = 67.6
|Jun high F = 77.0
|Jul high F = 82.1
|Aug high F = 80.8
|Sep high F = 74.0
|Oct high F = 63.2
|Nov high F = 53.1
|Dec high F = 42.3
|year high F =60.1
|Jan low F = 23.1
|Feb low F = 25.2
|Mar low F = 31.4
|Apr low F = 41.0
|May low F = 50.5
|Jun low F = 60.2
|Jul low F = 66.3
|Aug low F = 65.6
|Sep low F = 58.0 
|Oct low F = 46.4
|Nov low F = 37.9
|Dec low F = 28.4
|year low F =44.5
|Jan record low F =  −7
|Feb record low F = -5
|Mar record low F =  4
|Apr record low F =  18
|May record low F =  31
|Jun record low F =  41
|Jul record low F =  49
|Aug record low F =  44
|Sep record low F =  36
|Oct record low F =  26
|Nov record low F =  16
|Dec record low F =  -4
|year record low F= −7
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.10
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.79
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.04 
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.13
|May precipitation inch = 3.80
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.64
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.46
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.96
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.48
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.64
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.39
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.33
|year precipitation inch=42.75
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 9.2
|Feb snow inch = 8.2
|Mar snow inch = 5.4
|Apr snow inch =  .9
|May snow inch =   0
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0
|Oct snow inch =   0
|Nov snow inch =  .7
|Dec snow inch = 5.5
|year snow inch=30.0
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|Jan precipitation days = 10.9
|Feb precipitation days =  9.7
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|Apr precipitation days = 11.0
|May precipitation days = 11.8
|Jun precipitation days = 11.1
|Jul precipitation days =  8.9
|Aug precipitation days =  8.9
|Sep precipitation days =  8.2
|Oct precipitation days =  8.8
|Nov precipitation days = 10.0
|Dec precipitation days = 11.1
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|Jan snow days = 5.0
|Feb snow days = 3.6
|Mar snow days = 2.4 
|Apr snow days =  .3
|May snow days =   0
|Jun snow days =   0
|Jul snow days =   0
|Aug snow days =   0
|Sep snow days =   0
|Oct snow days =   0
|Nov snow days =  .5
|Dec snow days = 3.1
|year snow days=15.0
|source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Danbury, Connecticut
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high F = 35.6
|Feb high F = 39.6
|Mar high F = 48.7
|Apr high F = 61.0
|May high F = 71.9
|Jun high F = 80.8
|Jul high F = 84.9
|Aug high F = 82.5<!--rounds down-->
|Sep high F = 74.5<!--rounds down-->
|Oct high F = 62.7
|Nov high F = 51.3
|Dec high F = 39.9
|year high F =61.1
|Jan low F = 19.2
|Feb low F = 21.8
|Mar low F = 28.6
|Apr low F = 38.9
|May low F = 48.4
|Jun low F = 58.5<!--rounds down-->
|Jul low F = 63.4
|Aug low F = 61.8
|Sep low F = 53.4
|Oct low F = 41.8
|Nov low F = 33.6
|Dec low F = 24.6
|year low F= 41.2
|Jan record high F =  71
|Feb record high F =  77
|Mar record high F =  92
|Apr record high F =  95
|May record high F =  97
|Jun record high F = 105
|Jul record high F = 106
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F =  91
|Nov record high F =  82
|Dec record high F =  80
|year record high F= 106
|Jan record low F = −18
|Feb record low F = −16
|Mar record low F =  −9
|Apr record low F =  14
|May record low F =  25
|Jun record low F =  35
|Jul record low F =  38
|Aug record low F =  37
|Sep record low F =  23
|Oct record low F =  16
|Nov record low F =   0
|Dec record low F = −11
|year record low F= −18
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.76
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.18
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.43
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.36
|May precipitation inch = 4.57
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.74
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.99
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.55
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.66
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.89
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.54
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.16
|year precipitation inch=
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 14.9
|Feb snow inch = 13.1
|Mar snow inch =  9.7
|Apr snow inch =  1.6
|May snow inch =    0
|Jun snow inch =    0
|Jul snow inch =    0
|Aug snow inch =    0
|Sep snow inch =    0
|Oct snow inch =    0
|Nov snow inch =  1.2
|Dec snow inch =  9.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|Jan precipitation days = 11.5
|Feb precipitation days = 10.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.8
|Apr precipitation days = 11.5
|May precipitation days = 12.2
|Jun precipitation days = 12.0
|Jul precipitation days = 10.4
|Aug precipitation days =  9.4
|Sep precipitation days =  9.3
|Oct precipitation days =  9.2
|Nov precipitation days = 10.0
|Dec precipitation days = 11.6
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|Jan snow days = 7.9
|Feb snow days = 5.4
|Mar snow days = 4.2
|Apr snow days =  .9
|May snow days =   0
|Jun snow days =   0
|Jul snow days =   0
|Aug snow days =   0
|Sep snow days =   0
|Oct snow days =  .1
|Nov snow days = 1.0
|Dec snow days = 5.0
|source 1 = NOAA (1981–2010 normals){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
}}
{{Weather box
|location = Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 72
|Feb record high F = 74
|Mar record high F = 87
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 97
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 106
|Oct record high F = 95
|Nov record high F = 98
|Dec record high F = 72
|Jan high F = 35
|Feb high F = 39
|Mar high F = 49
|Apr high F = 61
|May high F = 72
|Jun high F = 80
|Jul high F = 85
|Aug high F = 83
|Sep high F = 75
|Oct high F = 64
|Nov high F = 51
|Dec high F = 40
|Jan low F = 16
|Feb low F = 17
|Mar low F = 26
|Apr low F = 36
|May low F = 46
|Jun low F = 55
|Jul low F = 59
|Aug low F = 58
|Sep low F = 50
|Oct low F = 38
|Nov low F = 30
|Dec low F = 22
|Jan record low F = −25
|Feb record low F = −21
|Mar record low F = −14
|Apr record low F = 10
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 36
|Aug record low F = 32
|Sep record low F = 20
|Oct record low F = 14
|Nov record low F = 2
|Dec record low F = −14
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.98
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.01
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.84
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.00
|May precipitation inch = 5.01
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.56
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.42
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.28
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.89
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.81
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.26
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.92
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=695863&refer=&units=us | title=Weatherbase: Weather for Stroudsburg, Pennsynlvania | publisher=Weatherbase | year=2011 | access-date=November 14, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810233923/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=695863&refer=&units=us | archive-date=August 10, 2014 | url-status=live }} Retrieved on November 22, 2011.</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

==Subregions==
=== New York City ===
{{main|New York City}}
{{Wide image|10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg|1800px|3=Ten-mile [[Manhattan]] [[skyline]] panorama ([[120th Street (Manhattan)|120th St.]] to [[The Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]]) seen from [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken, NJ]] across the [[Hudson River|Hudson]] in February 2018.
{{flatlist|
# [[Riverside Church]]
# [[Deutsche Bank Center]]
# [[220 Central Park South]]
# [[Central Park Tower]]
# [[One57]]
# [[432 Park Avenue|432 Park Ave]]
# [[53W53]]
# [[Chrysler Building]]
# [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]
# [[Conde Nast Building]]
# [[The New York Times Building]]
# [[Empire State Building]]
# [[Manhattan West]]
# a: [[55 Hudson Yards]], b: [[35 Hudson Yards]], c: [[10 Hudson Yards]], d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]
# [[56 Leonard Street|56 Leonard St]]
# [[8 Spruce Street|8 Spruce St]]
# [[Woolworth Building]]
# [[70 Pine Street]]
# [[30 Park Place|30 Park Pl]]
# [[40 Wall Street|40 Wall St]]
# [[Three World Trade Center|3 World Trade Ctr]]
# [[Four World Trade Center|4 World Trade Ctr]]
# [[One World Trade Center|1 World Trade Ctr]]}}
|align-cap=center}}
The geographical, cultural, and economic center of the metropolitan area is New York City, the most populous city in the United States and has been described as the [[Caput mundi|capital of the world]].<ref name=NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld>{{cite book|title=The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History|author=Edward Robb Ellis|date=December 21, 2004|access-date=December 12, 2022|publisher=Basic Books|page=594|isbn=9780786714360|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA594|archive-date=April 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404132645/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA594|url-status=live}}</ref> The city consists of five [[Borough (New York City)|boroughs]], each of which is coterminous with a [[List of counties in New York|county of New York State]]. The five boroughs – [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], [[Manhattan]], the [[The Bronx|Bronx]], and [[Staten Island]] – were [[City of Greater New York|consolidated into a single city]] in 1898.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|title=A 5-Borough Centennial Preface for Katharine Bement Davis Mini-History|publisher=The New York City Department of Correction|year=1997|access-date=October 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023193440/http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|archive-date=October 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> With a Census-estimated [[New York City#Demographics|population]] of 8,335,897 in 2022 (8,467,513 in 2021<ref name=2014NYCest2>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRSIP.US12A|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2014 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – United States – Places of 50,000+ Population – 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 24, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005015/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRSIP.US12A|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=census-est-nyc-ny>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 24, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150404140829/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000|archive-date=April 4, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), distributed over a land area of just {{convert|305|sqmi|km2}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/landusefacts/landusefactshome.shtml|title=New York City Land Use|publisher=The City of New York|access-date=March 27, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328060720/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/landusefacts/landusefactshome.shtml|archive-date=March 28, 2014}}</ref> New York is the [[List of United States cities by population density|most densely populated]] major city in the United States.<ref name="density">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-25 US-25S&-_lang=en ''County and City Data Book:2007'' (U.S. Census Bureau), Table B-1, Area and Population] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212213452/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-25 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, Retrieved July 12, 2008.</ref> A [[global city|global power city]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |title=Global Power City Index 2009 |publisher=The Mori Memorial Foundation |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, [[health care]] and [[life sciences]],<ref name=NYCHealthCareLifeSciencesHub/> media, dining, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace<ref name=FastPaceNYC1>{{cite news|last=Poliak|first=Shira|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-11-19/features/0911180065_1_new-yorkers-fast-paced-big-apple|title=Adjusting To New York City|year=2009|newspaper=Sun Sentinel|access-date=November 1, 2015|quote=Additionally, the fast-paced lifestyle of New York demands adjusting.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203093200/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-11-19/features/0911180065_1_new-yorkers-fast-paced-big-apple|archive-date=December 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&q=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york&pg=PA50|title=Walking New York: Reflections of American Writers from Walt Whitman to Teju Cole pp.46, 50, 131|author=Stephen Miller|author-link=Stephen Miller (writer)|date=October 3, 2016|publisher=Fordham University Press|isbn=9780823274253|access-date=May 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717062418/https://books.google.com/books?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york&source=bl&ots=Pfb-sF852Y&sig=JXMCua2Bs_HplgwrOQNAyZYDFy8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK_7GW3-bTAhUDKyYKHc0aDDcQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=hurrying%20feverish%20electric%20crowds%20new%20york&f=false|archive-date=July 17, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> defining the term ''[[wikt:New York minute|New York minute]]''.<ref name=NewYorkMinuteDefinition>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute|title=Dictionary – Full Definition of NEW YORK MINUTE|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|access-date=November 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192558/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Home to the [[headquarters of the United Nations]],<ref>[http://visit.un.org/content/plan-your-visit "Plan your visit"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314234417/http://visit.un.org/content/plan-your-visit |date=March 14, 2017}}, [[United Nations]]. Accessed February 9, 2017. "The Headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York, along the East River. When you pass through the gates of the United Nations visitors’ entrance, you enter an international territory. This 18-acre site does not belong to just one country, but to all countries that have joined the Organization; currently, the United Nations has 193 Member States."</ref> New York is an important center for [[international diplomacy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml |title=NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs |publisher=The City of New York |access-date=June 24, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080757/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml |archive-date=June 16, 2015 }}</ref> New York is a [[global city]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf|title=Global Power City Index 2009|publisher=The Mori Memorial Foundation|access-date=August 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf|archive-date=June 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and has been described as the [[Culture of New York City|cultural]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm|title=Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011|access-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505181316/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm|archive-date=May 5, 2013}}</ref><ref name = "culture4">{{cite book|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|title=New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton&nbsp;... [et al.]|last1=Ashton|first1=Dore|last2=Wallock|year=1988|publisher=NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA|isbn=9780847809905|access-date=August 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113185405/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|archive-date=January 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wall Street|financial]],<ref name="NYCDominantFinancialCenter"/><ref name=WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter/> [[The Entertainment Capital of the World|entertainment]],<ref name=NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld/> and [[Media in New York City|media]] capital<ref name="Felix Richter"/><ref name="Dawn Ennis"/> of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city.<ref name="EconomicallyPowerful2015"/><ref name=WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/|title=PAL sets introductory fares to New York|publisher=[[Philippine Airlines]]|access-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327052843/http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2|archive-date=March 27, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Richard Florida"/>

=== Long Island ===
{{main|Long Island}}
[[File:Pineapple - Garden City NY.jpg|thumb|A welcome sign in [[Garden City, New York|Garden City]] in [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] on [[Long Island]]]]
[[File:WesthamptonInnerWaterway.jpg|thumb|[[Westhampton, New York|Westhampton]], [[Suffolk County, New York]], on the [[East End (Long Island)|East End]] of [[Long Island]] in December 2008]]
[[File:John Miller Great Neck North High School, Great Neck, NY August 14, 2022.jpg|thumb|[[John L. Miller Great Neck North High School|Great Neck North High School]] in [[Great Neck (village), New York|Great Neck]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]]]]
[[File:OHEKA CASTLE exterior view 3.jpg|thumb|The [[Oheka Castle|Otto Kahn Estate]] on Long Island's historic [[North Shore (Long Island)|North Shore]]. This [[Gilded Age]] estate served as partial inspiration for the ''"Gatsby estate"'' in [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s ''[[The Great Gatsby]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bruccoli |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Bruccoli |title=F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: A Literary Reference |publisher=[[Carroll & Graf Publishers]] |date=2000 |isbn=0-7867-0996-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fscottfitzgerald00matt/page/45 45] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/fscottfitzgerald00matt/page/45 }}</ref>]]

[[Long Island]], the most populous island in the United States, is located just off the northeast coast of the United States and is a region wholly included within both the U.S. state of New York and the New York metropolitan area. Extending 118 miles east-northeast of [[Roosevelt Island, Manhattan]] from [[New York Harbor]] into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (these form the New York [[Borough (New York City)|boroughs]] of [[Brooklyn]] and [[Queens]], respectively) to the west; then [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] to the east. However, most people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The Island") exclusively to refer to Nassau County and Suffolk County collectively, which are mainly suburban in character.<ref>[http://www.longisland.com/long-island.html About Long Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516032501/http://www.longisland.com/long-island.html |date=May 16, 2015 }}, LongIsland.com</ref> North of the island is [[Long Island Sound]], across which are the U.S. states of [[Connecticut]] and [[Rhode Island]].

With a population of 8,063,232 enumerated at the [[2020 U.S. Census]], constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population,<ref name=census-est-ny>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 – 2015 Population Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213154842/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kings County, New York QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36047.html |title=Kings County, New York QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 28, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217175357/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36047.html |archive-date=February 17, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Queens County, New York QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html |title=Queens County, New York QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 28, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808084246/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Nassau County, New York QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059.html|title=Nassau County, New York QuickFacts|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=March 28, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014652/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059.html|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name="U.S. Census Bureau">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36103.html|title=Suffolk County, New York QuickFacts|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729124046/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36103.html|archive-date=July 29, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> the majority of New York City residents, 58.4% as of 2020, live on Long Island, namely the estimated 4,896,398 residents living in the [[Borough of New York City|New York City boroughs]] of [[Brooklyn]] and [[Queens]].<ref name="LINYCpopulation">[https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/0600000US3604710022%7C0600000US3608160323%7C1600000US3651000 "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES – 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200214061758/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/0600000US3604710022%7C0600000US3608160323%7C1600000US3651000|date=February 14, 2020}}. Accessed July 21, 2017.</ref> Long Island is the [[List of islands by population|most populated]] island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world (ahead of [[Ireland]], [[Jamaica]], and [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidō]]). Its [[List of islands by population density|population density]] is {{convert|5571|PD/sqmi|/km2}}. If Long Island geographically constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rank [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|fourth most populous]] in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island would rank [[List of U.S. states by population|13th in population]] and [[List of U.S. states by population density|first in population density]]. Queens is the most [[ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]] urban area in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html|title=Queens, New York, Sightseeing|author1=Christine Kim|author2=Demand Media|newspaper=USA TODAY|access-date=June 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616145824/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html|archive-date=June 16, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/|title=Queens|author=Andrew Weber|publisher=NewYork.com|date=April 30, 2013|access-date=June 23, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513065643/http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/|archive-date=May 13, 2015}}</ref> The [[Hempstead, New York|Town of Hempstead]] in Nassau County, with an estimated population of 770,367 in 2016, is the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside of New York City.<ref name=HempsteadPopulation>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hempsteadtownnassaucountynewyork/PST045216 |title=QuickFacts Hempstead town, Nassau County, New York |access-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001204001/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hempsteadtownnassaucountynewyork/PST045216 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Long Island is also the [[List of islands by population|17th most populous island in the world]], but is more prominently known for recreation, boating, and miles of public beaches, including numerous town, county, and state parks, as well as [[Fire Island National Seashore]] and wealthy and expensive coastal residential enclaves. Along the north shore, the [[Gold Coast, Long Island|Gold Coast of Long Island]], featured in the film ''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]'', is an upscale section of Nassau and western Suffolk counties that once featured many lavish mansions built and inhabited by wealthy business [[tycoon]]s in the earlier years of the 20th century, of which only a few remain preserved as historic sites. The [[East End (Long Island)|East End]] of Long Island (known as the "Twin Forks" because of its physical shape) boasts open spaces for farmland and [[winery|wineries]]. The South Fork, in particular, comprises numerous towns and villages known collectively as "[[The Hamptons]]" and has an international reputation as a "playground for the rich and famous", with some of the wealthiest communities in the United States. In 2015, according to ''[[Business Insider]]'', the 11962 zip code encompassing [[Sagaponack, New York|Sagaponack]], within [[Southampton, New York|Southampton]], was listed as the most expensive in the U.S. by real estate-listings site Property Shark, with a median home sale price of $5,125,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzan |first=Antonia |author-link=Antonia Noori Farzan |title=The 20 most expensive ZIP codes in America |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-expensive-zip-codes-in-america-2015-7 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

During the summer season, many celebrities and the wealthy visit or reside in mansions and waterfront homes, while others spend weekends enjoying the beaches, gardens, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Long Island is served by a network of [[parkway]]s and [[controlled-access highway|expressways]], with the [[Long Island Expressway]], [[Northern State Parkway]], and [[Southern State Parkway]] being major east–west routes across significant portions of the island. [[Commuter rail in North America|Commuter rail]] access is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) [[Long Island Rail Road]], one of the largest commuter railroads in the United States. Air travel needs are served by several airports. Within Queens, the island is home to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] and [[LaGuardia Airport]], two of the three major airline hubs serving the New York area (with Newark Liberty International Airport being the third; all three major airports are operated by The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey). [[Long Island MacArthur Airport]] (serving commercial airlines) and [[Farmingdale/Republic Airport]] (private and commuter flights) are both located in Suffolk County.

=== Lower Hudson Valley ===
{{main|Hudson Valley}}
[[File:Sugarloaf Hill Hudson Highlands from Bear Mountain Bridge.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sugarloaf Hill (Putnam County, New York)|Sugarloaf Hill]] in [[Putnam County, New York]], in the [[Hudson Valley]]]]
[[File:Bear Mtn Bridge.jpg|right|thumb|[[Bear Mountain Bridge]], which connects [[Westchester County|Westchester]] and [[Orange County, New York|Orange]] counties in [[New York (state)|New York State]], across the [[Hudson River]]]]
Known for its [[topography|hilly terrain]], picturesque settings, and quaint small towns and [[village (New York)|villages]], the Lower Hudson Valley is centered around the [[Hudson River]] north of New York City and lies within New York State. [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]] and [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]] counties are located on the eastern side of the river, and [[Rockland County|Rockland]] and [[Orange County, New York|Orange]] counties are located on the western side of the river. Westchester and Rockland counties are connected by the heavily trafficked [[Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)|New Tappan Zee Bridge]], as well as by the [[Bear Mountain Bridge]] near their northern ends. Several branches of the [[Metro-North Railroad|MTA Metro-North Railroad]] serve the region's rail commuters. [[Southern Westchester|Southern Westchester County]] contains more densely populated areas and includes the cities of [[Yonkers]], [[Mount Vernon, New York|Mount Vernon]], [[New Rochelle]], and [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]]. Many of the suburban communities of Westchester are known for their affluence and expense (some examples: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Pound Ridge, Katonah, and Briarcliff Manor).  Rockland's river towns along the Hudson, including [[Nyack, New York|Nyack]] and [[Piermont, New York|Piermont]], are known for their vibrant dining and art scenes. 30% of Rockland's land area is designated parkland with impressive scenery, which attracts many visitors from the tri-state area. In recent years, the high cost of housing in the Lower Hudson Valley, plus increased remote working opportunities, has caused some to move further north into the Mid Hudson Valley.

Historically, the valley was home to many factories, including paper mills, but a significant number have closed. After years of lingering pollution, cleanup efforts to improve the Hudson River water quality are currently planned and will be supervised by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA).<ref name="EPA">{{cite web| publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency| location=New York, NY| url=http://www.epa.gov/hudson/faqs.htm| work=Hudson River PCBs| title=Frequently Asked Questions| access-date=September 29, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121090641/http://www.epa.gov/hudson/faqs.htm| archive-date=November 21, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Mid-Hudson Valley ===
[[File:Mohonk Mountain House 2011 View of Mohonk Guest Rooms from One Hiking Trail FRD 3205.jpg|thumb|[[Mohonk Mountain House]] in [[Ulster County, New York]], in the [[Hudson Valley]], was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1356&ResourceType=District|title=National Historic Landmarks Program – Lake Mohonk Mountain House|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110182116/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1356&ResourceType=District|archive-date=November 10, 2013}}</ref>]] 
The Mid-Hudson Valley region of the [[State of New York]] is midway between New York City and the state capital of [[Albany, New York|Albany]]. The area includes the counties of [[Dutchess County|Dutchess]], [[Ulster County|Ulster]], and [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan]], as well as the northern portions of [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]], with the region's main cities being [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]], [[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]], [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]], and [[Beacon, New York|Beacon]]. The [[Walkway over the Hudson]], is the second longest pedestrian [[footbridge]] in the world. It crosses the [[Hudson River]] connecting [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]] and [[Highland, Ulster County, New York|Highland]]. The 13 mile-long [[Dutchess Rail Trail]] stretches from [[Hopewell Junction, New York|Hopewell Junction]] to the beginning of the Walkway over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie. The area is home to the [[Wappingers Central School District]], which the second-largest school district in the [[state of New York]]. The Newburgh Waterfront in the City of [[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]] is home to many high-end restaurants.

[[U.S. Route 9]], [[Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)|I-84]], and the [[Taconic State Parkway]] all run through Dutchess County. [[Metro-North Railroad]] train station, [[New Hamburg, New York|New Hamburg]], is located in the Town of [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]] and runs from [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]] to [[Grand Central Terminal]] in New York City.

=== Northern New Jersey ===
{{main|North Jersey|Gateway Region|Skylands Region}}
[[File:Bigfalls14w info.jpg|thumb|The [[Great Falls (Passaic River)|Great Falls]] of the [[Passaic River]] in [[Paterson, New Jersey]], which was dedicated as a [[Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park|National Historical Park]] in November 2011, incorporates one of the largest [[waterfall]]s on the [[East Coast of the United States|U.S. East Coast]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/11/1108/0050/ |title=Paterson Great Falls National Park: More Than Scenery |author=Mark J. Magyar |publisher=njSPOTLIGHT |date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=September 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117054944/http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/11/1108/0050/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[North Jersey|Northern New Jersey]], also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically defined as comprising the following counties:
* [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]]
* [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex County]]
* [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County]]  (anything north of [[Bridgewater Township, New Jersey|Bridgewater Township]])
* [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]]
* [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]] (anything north of [[Readington Township, New Jersey|Readington Township]])
* [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County]]
* [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic County]]
* [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]]
* [[Union County, New Jersey|Union County]] (anything north of [[Scotch Plains Township, New Jersey|Scotch Plains Township]], [[Clark Township, New Jersey|Clark Township]], and [[Linden, New Jersey|Linden]])
* [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]]

The New Jersey State Department of Tourism splits North Jersey into the urban [[Gateway Region]] and the more rural [[Skylands Region]]. Northern New Jersey is home to four of the largest cities of that state: [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]].

The region is geographically diverse with [[wetland]]s, mountains, and valleys throughout the area. It has a large network of [[limited-access road|expressways]] and [[commuter rail|public transportation rail]] services, mostly operated by [[New Jersey Transit]]. Northern New Jersey also contains the second busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area, [[Newark Liberty International Airport]].

Although it is a suburban and rural region of [[New York City|New York]], much of the [[Gateway Region]] is highly urbanized. The entirety of Hudson County, eastern Essex County, southern Passaic County as well as [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]] in Union County are all densely populated areas.

{{scalable image|NJPalisades.JPG|1292px|Pictured [[The Palisades (Hudson River)|The Palisades]], with the [[George Washington Bridge]] on the left. The Palisades are a line of steep cliffs along the west side of the [[Hudson River]] in [[Gateway Region|Northeastern New Jersey]] and [[Downstate New York|Southeastern New York]], stretching north from [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] to [[Nyack, New York]].}}

=== Central New Jersey ===
{{main|Central Jersey|Jersey Shore}}
[[File:2009-08-17 View of downtown Trenton in New Jersey and the mouth of the Assunpink Creek from across the Delaware River in Morrisville, Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|Downtown [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] in [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]], including the [[New Jersey State House]], topped by its golden dome, alongside the [[Delaware River]]]]
[[File:2024-04-26 13 31 07 View northwest along Neilson Street towards downtown New Brunswick, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|Downtown [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]], an educational and cultural hub of Central Jersey]]

[[Central Jersey]] is the middle portion of [[New Jersey]]. It generally comprises the following counties:

* [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]]
* [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]]
* [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]]
* [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]] (anything north of [[Toms River, New Jersey|Toms River]])
* [[Union County, New Jersey|Union County]] (anything south of [[Scotch Plains Township, New Jersey|Scotch Plains Township]], [[Clark Township, New Jersey|Clark Township]], and [[Linden, New Jersey|Linden]])
* [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]] (anything south of [[Readington Township, New Jersey|Readington Township]])
* [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County]] (anything south of [[Bridgewater Township, New Jersey|Bridgewater Township]])

Notable municipalities in the region include [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] (the [[state capital]] of New Jersey and the only U.S. state capital within the New York metropolitan area), [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] (home to the [[Ivy League]] [[Princeton University]]), [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]] (home to [[Rutgers University]]'s main [[Rutgers University–New Brunswick|New Brunswick campus]], the largest university campus in New Jersey), [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood]] (home to [[Beth Medrash Govoha]], the largest [[yeshiva]] outside of [[Israel]]<ref name=SL2017>Di Ionno, Mark. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2017/05/how_lakewood_became_a_worldwide_destination_for_or.html#incart_most-commented_politics_article "How Lakewood became a worldwide destination for Orthodox Jews"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507164329/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2017/05/how_lakewood_became_a_worldwide_destination_for_or.html#incart_most-commented_politics_article |date=May 7, 2017 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', May 7, 2017. Accessed December 8, 2024. "It is Friday in Lakewood. A few thousand young men in black suits and wide-brimmed black hats are rushing toward Beth Medrash Govoha (BMG), the world's largest yeshiva outside of Israel... The yeshiva has about 6,500 students, equal in enrollment to the College of New Jersey."</ref>), and [[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]] (home to [[Thomas Edison]]'s original research laboratory, located in what is now [[Edison State Park]] in [[Menlo Park, New Jersey|Menlo Park]], where inventions such as the [[phonograph]], the [[motion-picture camera]], and the [[incandescent light bulb]] were developed<ref name=Walsh>Walsh, Bryan, [https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1910417_1910419_1910460,00.html "The Electrifying Edison"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', July 5, 2010. Accessed December 8, 2024.</ref>). The region also encompasses a significant portion of the [[Jersey Shore]], including the cities of [[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]], [[Long Branch, New Jersey|Long Branch]], and [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]]. Major transportation links in Central Jersey include the [[New Jersey Turnpike]], the [[Garden State Parkway]], [[U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey|US 1]], [[U.S. Route 9 in New Jersey|US 9]], and the [[Northeast Corridor]]. All of these aforementioned routes bisect each other in the bustling suburb and commercial hub of [[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]].
{{Wide image|belmar-panorama.jpg|900px|The beach in [[Belmar, New Jersey]], on the [[Jersey Shore]]}}

=== Western Connecticut ===
{{main|Fairfield County, Connecticut|New Haven County, Connecticut|Litchfield County, Connecticut}}
[[File:MohawkMountain.jpg|thumb|[[Mohawk Mountain Ski Area]] in [[Cornwall, Connecticut|Cornwall]], in the [[Berkshire Mountains]]]]
Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield counties in western Connecticut (like the state in general) are known for affluence. Large businesses are scattered throughout the area, mostly in Fairfield County. The land is flat along the coast with low hills eventually giving way to larger hills such as [[The Berkshires]] further inland, to the [[Massachusetts]] border. Most of the largest cities in the state are in New Haven County (home to [[Yale University]]) and Fairfield County.

[[Candlewood Lake]] is the largest recreational lake in the New York metropolitan area. The lake is located within the [[Greater Danbury]] region, and is home to many second homes of New York City residents.

=== Pike County, Pennsylvania ===
{{main|Pike County, Pennsylvania}}
[[File:Dingmansfalls.jpg|thumb|[[Dingmans Falls]] in the [[Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area]] in [[Pike County, Pennsylvania]] in [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]]]]
[[Pike County, Pennsylvania]] is located in [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]]. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 57,369.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42103.html|title=Pike County, Pennsylvania QuickFacts|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 11, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606195217/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42103.html|archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Milford, Pennsylvania|Milford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pikepa.org/courtadmin.html|title=Pike County, PA Court Administration|publisher=Pike County Commissioners|access-date=September 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206043333/http://www.pikepa.org/courtadmin.html|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Part of the [[Pocono Mountains]] region lies within Pike County, which has ranked among the fastest-growing counties of Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100625/NEWS/6250358/-1/NEWS01 |title=Population pops in Pike, Monroe counties |author=David Pierce |publisher=The Pocono Record |date=June 25, 2010 |access-date=September 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311004102/http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20100625%2FNEWS%2F6250358%2F-1%2FNEWS01 |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

This county was detached from the New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA in September 2023<ref name="Pike">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-03/ny-nj-msa-pcap.pdf |title=New York City – Newark – Jersey City Metropolitan Statistical Area (NY-NJ MSA) Priority Climate Action Plan|publisher=City of New York|page=7|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> and now forms the [[Pennsylvania_statistical_areas#Table|Hemlock Farms, PA, USA]].

==Communities==
===Main cities and towns===
[[File:StamfordCTRRstaLookingNE11112007.jpg|thumb|[[Downtown Stamford]] in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]]]
[[File:NewHavenCT Green.jpg|thumb|The [[New Haven Green Historic District]] in [[Connecticut]], which was designated a [[National Historic Landmark District]] in 1970<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/70000838_text|title=National Historic Landmarks Program – New Haven Green Historic District|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 3, 2012|archive-date=July 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701215426/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/70000838_text|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Newark Skyline Northwest View.jpg|thumb|An aerial view of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], the most populous city in [[New Jersey]]]]
[[File:Yonkers Public Library 02.JPG|thumb|[[Yonkers Public Library]] in [[Yonkers]] in [[Westchester County, New York]]]]
[[File:Barnum Museum, Bridgeport.jpg|thumb|[[Barnum Museum]] in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], the most populous city in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]]]]
[[File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg|thumb|[[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], Passaic County, New Jersey, known as the "Silk City",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patersonnj.gov/|title=City of Paterson – Silk City|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161822/http://www.patersonnj.gov/|archive-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> seen here from [[Garret Mountain Reservation]], is a prime destination for a diverse pool of international [[immigration|immigrants]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|title=A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States|publisher=yumimmigrantcity.com|access-date=April 20, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004838/http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|archive-date=July 31, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|title=Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory|author1=Joe Malinconico|author2=Charlie Kratovil|name-list-style=amp|magazine=The Alternative Press|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514190904/http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|archive-date=May 14, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The following is a list of "principal cities" and their respective population estimates from the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. Census]]. Principal cities include those with populations over 100,000 or major job, cultural, educational, and economic centers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2020 |title=U.S. Census Bureau Quickfacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218 |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206212707/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Efn|Many of the places on this list are towns in [[Administrative divisions of New York (state)#Town|New York]], but oftentimes only specific villages or hamlets within the towns are significant.|name=c}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA
|-
!City
!State
!2020
census
!Land area
!2020 population density
|-
|[[New York City]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|8,804,190
|{{Convert|301.5|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|29,303|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|793,409
|{{Convert|191.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,685|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Brookhaven, New York|Brookhaven]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|485,773
|{{Convert|531.5|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,873|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Islip, New York|Islip]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|339,938
|{{Convert|162.9|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,275|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|311,549
|{{Convert|24.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|12,904|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Oyster Bay, New York|Oyster Bay]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|301,332
|{{Convert|169.4|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,800|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|292,449
|{{Convert|14.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|19,835|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[North Hempstead, New York|North Hempstead]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|237,639
|{{Convert|69.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,441|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Babylon, New York|Babylon]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|218,223
|{{Convert|114.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,170|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|211,569
|{{Convert|18|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|11,750|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Huntington, New York|Huntington]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|204,127
|{{Convert|137.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,162|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|159,732
|{{Convert|8.4|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|18,986|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Ramapo, New York|Ramapo]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|148,919
|{{Convert|61.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,400|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|137,298
|{{Convert|12.3|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|11,145|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|135,158
|{{Convert|24.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|5,476|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Smithtown, New York|Smithtown]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|116,296
|{{Convert|111.4|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,000|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|107,588
|{{Convert|30.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,578|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|103,639
|{{Convert|23.3|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,456|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Toms River, New Jersey|Toms River]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|95,438
|{{Convert|40.55|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,353|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|95,397
|{{Convert|30.31|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,147|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Clifton, New Jersey|Clifton]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|90,296
|{{Convert|11.28|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|8,005|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Clarkstown, New York|Clarkstown]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|86,855
|{{Convert|38.47|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,258|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|79,726
|{{Convert|10.29|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,751|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Mount Vernon, New York|Mount Vernon]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|73,893
|{{Convert|4.39|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|16,824|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Passaic, New Jersey|Passaic]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|70,537
|{{Convert|3.13|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|22,535|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|68,589
|{{Convert|1.29|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|53,170|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|60,804
|{{Convert|18.79|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,236|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|60,419
|{{Convert|1.25|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|48,335|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[White Plains, New York|White Plains]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|59,559
|{{Convert|9.74|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,117|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|59,728
|{{Convert|9.05|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,600|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Perth Amboy, New Jersey|Perth Amboy]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|55,436
|{{Convert|4.66|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|11,896|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|55,266
|{{Convert|5.23|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|10,567|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Wayne, New Jersey|Wayne]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|54,838
|{{Convert|23.72|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,312|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|48,843
|{{Convert|12|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,070|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|46,030
|{{Convert|4.19|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|10,986|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|40,921
|{{Convert|6.24|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,558|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|40,191
|{{Convert|2.52|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|15,949|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Long Beach, New York|Long Beach]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|35,029
|{{Convert|2.22|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|15,793|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Long Branch, New Jersey|Long Branch]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|31,667
|{{Convert|5.12|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,185|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Westfield, New Jersey|Westfield]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|31,032
|{{Convert|6.72|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,618|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Rahway, New Jersey|Rahway]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|29,813
|{{Convert|4.03|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,586|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[East Hampton, New York|East Hampton]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|28,385
|{{Convert|74.33|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|381.88|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Harrison, New York|Harrison]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|28,218
|{{Convert|16.77|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,683|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Peekskill, New York|Peekskill]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|25,431
|{{Convert|4.34|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|5,854|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|20,180
|{{Convert|2.91|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,935|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[South Orange, New Jersey|South Orange]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|18,484
|{{Convert|2.85|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,846|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Rye, New York|Rye]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|16,592
|{{Convert|5.85|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,835|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|15,188
|{{Convert|1.43|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|10,621|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|12,936
|{{Convert|1.75|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,392|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Freehold Borough, New Jersey|Freehold]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|12,538
|{{Convert|1.93|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,496|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Somerville, New Jersey|Somerville]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|12,346
|{{Convert|2.34|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|5,276|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Milford, Pennsylvania|Milford]]
|{{Flag|Pennsylvania}}
|1,103
|{{Convert|0.47|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,352|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Mercer County, New Jersey|Trenton-Princeton MSA]]
|-
|[[Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey|Hamilton]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|92,297
|{{Convert|39.44|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,340|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|90,871
|{{Convert|7.61|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|11,941|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Ewing Township, New Jersey|Ewing]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|37,264
|{{Convert|15.21|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,450|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]
|{{Flag|New Jersey}}
|30,681
|{{Convert|17.95|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,709|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Greater Bridgeport|Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury MSA]]
|-
|[[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|148,654
|{{Convert|16|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,700|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|135,470
|{{Convert|37.62|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,601|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|91,184
|{{Convert|22.89|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,984|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|86,518
|{{Convert|41.95|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,062|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|63,518
|{{Convert|47.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,329|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Fairfield, Connecticut|Fairfield]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|61,512
|{{Convert|29.9|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,057|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|52,355
|{{Convert|17.6|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,975|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Greater New Haven|New Haven-Milford-Waterbury MSA]]
|-
|[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|135,081
|{{Convert|18.69|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,170|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|114,403
|{{Convert|28.52|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,011|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|61,169
|{{Convert|32.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|1,800|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|55,584
|{{Convert|10.75|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|5,171|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|50,558
|{{Convert|21.91|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,308|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |'''[[Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown metropolitan area|Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh MSA]]'''
|-
|[[Kiryas Joel, New York|Kiryas Joel]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|32,954
|{{Convert|1.46|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|22,571|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|31,577
|{{Convert|5.14|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|6,137|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Middletown, Orange County, New York|Middletown]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|30,345
|{{Convert|5.31|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|5,719|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|28,856
|{{Convert|3.81|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|7,582|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Beacon, New York|Beacon]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|13,769
|{{Convert|4.74|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|2,905|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Port Jervis, New York|Port Jervis]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|8,775
|{{Convert|2.53|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,468|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Kingston, New York metropolitan area|Kingston MSA]]
|-
|[[Kingston, New York|Kingston]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|24,069
|{{Convert|7.48|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,217|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[New Paltz (village), New York|New Paltz]]
|{{Flag|New York}}
|7,324
|{{Convert|1.76|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|4,157|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania metropolitan area|East Stroudsburg MSA]]
|-
|[[East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania|East Stroudsburg]]
|{{Flag|Pennsylvania}}
|9,669
|{{Convert|2.84|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,400|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania|Stroudsburg]]
|{{Flag|Pennsylvania}}
|5,927
|{{Convert|1.73|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3,436|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Torrington, Connecticut micropolitan area|Torrington μSA]]
|-
|[[Torrington, Connecticut|Torrington]]
|{{Flag|Connecticut}}
|35,515
|{{Convert|39.77|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|893|/sqmi|abbr=on}}
|}

===Urban areas===
[[File:New York metro urban areas.svg|thumb|Urban areas within the New York City combined statistical area as of the 2020 census.
At the core of the New York combined statistical area (CSA) lies the New York–[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]–[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], NY–NJ [[urban area]], the largest in the United States by both area and population. Within the boundaries of the CSA the Census Bureau defines 32 other urban areas as well, some forming the core of their own metropolitan areas not within the New York metropolitan statistical area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Urban areas situated primarily outside the New York metropolitan statistical area but within the CSA are identified with a cross (†).

{{legend|#bf321f|Urban areas}}
{{legend|#fcf7d1|Counties in the New York MSA}}
{{legend|#fbf499|Counties in the New York CSA but not the MSA}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:left;"
! Urban area
! Population<br />(2020 census)
! Land area<br />(sq mi)
! Land area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density<br />(population / sq mi)
! Density<br />(population / km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| [[New York City|New York]]–[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]–[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], NY–NJ ||   19,426,449  ||   3,248.12  ||   8,412.59  ||   5,980.83  || 2,309.21
|-
| [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]–[[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], CT–NY † ||   916,408  ||   397.29  ||   1,028.98  ||   2,306.63  || 890.60
|-
| [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], CT †||   561,456  ||   298.01  ||   771.85  ||   1,884.00  || 727.42
|-
| [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], NJ †||   370,422  ||   133.13  ||   344.81  ||   2,782.39  || 1,074.29
|-
| [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]]–[[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]], NY †||   314,766  ||   209.92  ||   543.69  ||   1,499.45  || 578.94
|-
| [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]], CT †||   199,317  ||   92.44  ||   239.41  ||   2,156.22  || 832.52
|-
| [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]], CT–NY †||   171,680  ||   118.49  ||   306.88  ||   1,448.92  || 559.43
|-
| [[Kiryas Joel, New York|Kiryas Joel]], NY †||   71,582  ||   28.75  ||   74.47  ||   2,489.47  || 961.19
|-
| [[Middletown, Orange County, New York|Middletown]], NY †||   61,516  ||   25.96  ||   67.24  ||   2,369.55  || 914.89
|-
| [[Riverhead, New York|Riverhead]]–[[Southold, New York|Southold]], NY||   51,120  ||   52.80  ||   136.74  ||   968.25  || 373.84
|-
| [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]], NY †||   50,254  ||   31.10  ||   80.54  ||   1,615.96  || 623.93
|-
| [[East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania|East Stroudsburg]]–[[Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania|Stroudsburg]], PA †||   47,891  ||   38.94  ||   100.85  ||   1,229.95  || 474.89
|-
| [[Torrington, Connecticut|Torrington]], CT †||   35,212  ||   21.76  ||   56.36  ||   1,618.24  || 624.81
|-
| [[Hamburg, New Jersey|Hamburg]]–[[Vernon, New Jersey|Vernon]]–[[Highland Lakes, New Jersey|Highland Lakes]], NJ ||   28,250  ||   21.81  ||   56.48  ||   1,295.53  || 500.21
|-
| [[Ridgefield, Connecticut|Ridgefield]], CT †||   25,683  ||   28.80  ||   74.59  ||   891.77  || 344.32
|-
| [[Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania|Coolbaugh]]–[[Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania|Pocono Pines]], PA †||   24,893  ||   19.74  ||   51.13  ||   1,260.93  || 486.85
|-
| [[Flemington, New Jersey|Flemington]]–[[Raritan, New Jersey|Raritan]], NJ ||   24,401  ||   18.39  ||   47.64  ||   1,326.60  || 512.20
|-
| [[Mystic Island, New Jersey|Mystic Island]]–[[Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey|Little Egg Harbor]], NJ ||   23,074  ||   12.97  ||   33.60  ||   1,778.41  || 686.65
|-
| [[East Hampton North, New York|East Hampton North]]–[[Springs, New York|Springs]]–[[Northwest Harbor, New York|Northwest Harbor]], NY ||   21,812  ||   35.85  ||   92.86  ||   608.39  || 234.90
|-
| [[West Milford, New Jersey|West Milford]], NJ–NY ||   17,659  ||   14.22  ||   36.83  ||   1,241.82  || 479.47
|-
| [[Port Jervis, New York|Port Jervis]], NY–PA ||   16,187  ||   7.59  ||   19.65  ||   2,133.62  || 823.80
|-
| [[Clinton, New Jersey|Clinton]], NJ ||   16,136  ||   10.46  ||   27.10  ||   1,541.92  || 595.34
|-
| [[Walden, New York|Walden]], NY †||   15,784  ||   11.56  ||   29.95  ||   1,365.14  || 527.08
|-
| [[Lake Mohawk, New Jersey|Lake Mohawk]], NJ ||   13,164  ||   8.23  ||   21.32  ||   1,598.92  || 617.35
|-
| [[Newton, New Jersey|Newton]], NJ ||   12,813  ||   7.90  ||   20.47  ||   1,621.50  || 626.06
|-
| [[New Paltz, New York|New Paltz]], NY †||   9,969  ||   4.89  ||   12.66  ||   2,039.69  || 787.53
|-
| [[Oak Ridge, New Jersey|Oak Ridge]], NJ ||   8,871  ||   5.41  ||   14.01  ||   1,640.23  || 633.30
|-
| [[Winsted, Connecticut|Winsted]], CT †||   7,804  ||   6.12  ||   15.86  ||   1,274.47  || 492.08
|-
| [[Ellenville, New York|Ellenville]], NY †||   7,090  ||   3.30  ||   8.56  ||   2,146.31  || 828.70
|-
| [[Warwick, New York|Warwick]], NY †||   7,084  ||   2.92  ||   7.56  ||   2,427.84  || 937.40
|-
| [[Chester (village), New York|Chester]], NY †||   5,900  ||   4.57  ||   11.84  ||   1,290.39  || 498.22
|-
| [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]], NY ||   3,845  ||   5.93  ||   15.35  ||   648.76  || 250.49
|-
| [[Palmyra Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania|Palmyra]], PA ||   3,772  ||   8.30  ||   21.49  ||   454.71  || 175.56
|}

==History==
{{Main|History of New York City}}
[[File:The Purchase of Manhattan Island.png|thumb|right|[[Peter Minuit]], who purchased [[Manhattan]] in 1626|alt=A pen drawing of two men in 16th-century Dutch clothing presenting an open box of items to a group of Native Americans in feather headdresses stereotypical of plains tribes.]]

During the [[Wisconsinan glaciation]], the region was situated at the edge of a large [[ice sheet]] over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the [[bedrock]] that serves as the geologic [[foundation (engineering)|foundation]] for much of the New York metropolitan region today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

[[File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg|thumb|left|[[New Amsterdam]], including present-day [[Lower Manhattan]], in 1664, the year [[England]] took control and renamed it New York|alt=A painting of a coastline dotted with red roof houses and a windmill, with several masted ships sailing close to shore under blue sky]]
At the time of European contact the region was inhabited by [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native Americans]], predominantly the [[Lenape]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lenapelifeways.org/lenape1.htm |title=About the Lenapes |publisher=[Lenape Lifeways] |access-date=September 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514024451/http://www.lenapelifeways.org/lenape1.htm |archive-date=May 14, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and others. The Native Americans used the abundant waterways in the area for many purposes, such as fishing and trade routes. Sailing for France in 1524, [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] was the first European to enter the local waters and encounter the residents, but he did not make landfall. [[Henry Hudson]], sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited the area and built a settlement on Lower Manhattan Island that was eventually renamed [[New Amsterdam]] by [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|Dutch]] colonists in 1626.<ref name="u-s-history.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2122.html|title=United States History – History of New York City, New York|access-date=September 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908100919/http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2122.html|archive-date=September 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1664, the area went under English control,<ref name="u-s-history.com"/><ref>
{{Cite book
 |last= Shorto|first= Russell
 |title= The Island at the Center of The World, 1st Edition
 |year= 2005
 |publisher=Vintage Books
 |location=New York
 |isbn= 1-4000-7867-9
 |page=30
}}
</ref> and was later renamed ''New York'' after King [[Charles II of England]] granted the lands to his brother, the [[James II of England|Duke of York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrnussbaum.com/readingcomp/njcolony.htm |title=New Jersey Colony Reading Comprehension |publisher=MrNussbaum.com|access-date=September 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024222527/http://www.mrnussbaum.com/readingcomp/njcolony.htm |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |title=KINGSTON Discover 300 Years of New York History DUTCH COLONIES|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior|access-date=September 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123001850/http://www.nps.gov/nr//travel/kingston/colonization.htm|archive-date=November 23, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As the fur trade expanded further north, New York became a [[trade|trading hub]], which brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups including [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]]s, [[Jews]], and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]. The island of Manhattan had an extraordinary natural harbor formed by [[New York Bay]] (actually the drowned lower river valley of the Hudson River, enclosed by [[moraine|glacial moraines]]), the [[East River]], which is a [[tidal strait]], and the [[Hudson River]], all of which merge at the southern tip, from which all later development spread. During the [[American Revolution]], the strategic waterways made New York vitally important as a wartime base for the British navy. Many battles such as the [[Battle of Long Island]] and the [[New York and New Jersey campaign|Battle of New York]] were fought in the region to secure it. New York was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven for [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as the [[List of capitals in the United States#Former national capitals|capital of the United States]] from 1785 until 1790,<ref name=senate>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm
 |title=The Nine Capitals of the United States
 |publisher=[[United States Senate]]
 |access-date=September 9, 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm
 |archive-date=March 20, 2016
|url-status=live
 }}</ref> after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York has been the country's largest city since 1790.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab01.txt
 |title=Rank by Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places, Listed Alphabetically by State: 1790–1990
 |date=June 15, 1998
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
 |access-date=September 9, 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012034039/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab01.txt
 |archive-date=October 12, 2012
|url-status=live
 }}</ref> In 1792, the [[Buttonwood Agreement]], made by a group of merchants, created what is now the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange.

[[File:Liberty-statue-from-below.jpg|thumb|''Liberty Enlightening the World'', known as the [[Statue of Liberty]], on [[Liberty Island]] in [[New York Harbor]], a globally recognized symbol of both the [[United States]] and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity.<ref>{{cite web| title=Statue of Liberty| work=World Heritage| publisher=UNESCO| url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307| access-date=August 31, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828142117/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307/| archive-date=August 28, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The [[Statue of Liberty]] in [[New York Harbor]] greeted millions of [[immigration|immigrants]] as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/statue-of-liberty |title=Statue of Liberty |publisher=A&E Television Networks |access-date=September 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923221947/http://www.history.com/topics/statue-of-liberty|archive-date=September 23, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its [[democracy]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Statue of Liberty| work=World Heritage| publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre| url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307| access-date=October 23, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024195946/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307| archive-date=October 24, 2011| url-status=live}}</ref> Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large demand for manpower. A [[cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan]] attitude in the city created tolerance for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], the [[Metropolitan Opera]], and the [[American Museum of Natural History]] were built. New York newspapers were read around the country as media moguls [[James Gordon Bennett, Sr.]], [[Joseph Pulitzer]] and [[William Randolph Hearst]] battled for readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five [[borough (New York City)|boroughs]] of New York — [[The Bronx]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Manhattan]], [[Queens]], and [[Staten Island]] — were consolidated into a single city in 1898.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|title=A 5-Borough Centennial Preface for Katharine Bement Davis Mini-History|publisher=The New York City Department of Correction|year=1997|access-date=September 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023193440/http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|archive-date=October 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/neighbor/neigh.shtml |title=New York: A City of Neighborhoods |publisher=New York City Department of City Planning |access-date=September 2, 2012 |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915134408/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/neighbor/neigh.shtml}}</ref>

[[File:Grand Central Terminal Main Concourse May 2014.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The main concourse of [[Grand Central Terminal]] in [[Manhattan]], which opened in 1913]]
The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of [[bedroom community|bedroom communities]]. The [[New York City Subway]] began operating in 1904 as the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]], one of three systems (the other two being the [[Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation]] and the [[Independent Subway System]]) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations such as [[Grand Central Terminal]] and [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]] helped fuel suburban growth. During the era of the [[Prohibition]], when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The Broadway [[Theater District, Manhattan|Theater District]] began to develop with the opening of the [[New York Subway]] in 1904 and, by the early part of the twentieth century, had been made world-famous as New York's theatrical and entertainment center through popular musical productions like [[Ziegfeld Follies]] and ''[[Show Boat]]'' and the opening of multiple large, extravagantly decorated theatres in the area spanning [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] from 47th to 42nd Streets.

The [[Great Depression]] suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City planner [[Robert Moses]] began his automobile-centered career of building bridges, [[parkways]], and later [[controlled-access highway|expressways]] across the tri-state area. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by blockades of German [[U-boats]], which limited shipping with Europe.

[[File:UN Headquarters 2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[United Nations Headquarters]], established in [[Midtown Manhattan]] in 1952]]
After its population peaked in 1950, a significant portion of the city's population left for the [[suburb]]s of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result of [[white flight]]. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses relocating to the suburbs or other regions. The era also saw an increase in the construction of [[housing projects]] for the city's low-income population under the [[New York City Housing Authority]], coinciding with the destruction of communities to construct [[interstate highways]] to link the city with its suburbs. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] major-league [[baseball]] team, which moved to [[Los Angeles]] after the 1957 season.  Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated decay in poorer neighborhoods to a certain extent, but many of these later proved to be failures and caused unanticipated consequences like ghettoization, informal racial segregation in housing, and disruption of the organic urban fabric that made the city's neighborhoods cohesive and healthy places to live. There was little reported social unrest during the [[Northeast Blackout of 1965]], but the [[New York City Blackout of 1977]] led to massive rioting, looting, and arson in some parts of the city. In addition, the [[1970s recession]] crippled traditional industries such as manufacturing in the New York City region. A rare positive highlight of the period was the completion of the original [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]], a massive office complex in New York's [[Financial District]] whose iconic, 110-story [[Twin Towers]] for a short time stood as the world's tallest buildings.

In the 1980s, the city's economy was booming, particularly in the financial sector. [[Wall Street]] was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market, and later the [[dot-com bubble]]. Despite this, crime was still an issue. This was exacerbated by the [[crack epidemic]], with the New York City area being one of the major ports of entry for narcotics entering the United States. Neighborhoods such as the [[South Bronx]] became prime examples of late 20th century [[urban decay]]. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially due to [[tough-on-crime]] policies. [[Crime in New York City]] has continued to decline through the 21st century.

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| total_width       = 370
| image1            = WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg
| caption1          = The [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] during the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001, which caused nearly 3,000 deaths, most of whom were residents of the New York metropolitan region.
| alt1              = 
| image2            = OneWorldTradeCenter.jpg
| caption2          = [[One World Trade Center]], built to replace the [[World Trade Center (1973-2001)|World Trade Center]], and opened in 2014
| alt2              = 
}}

The [[September 11th attacks]] in 2001 were pivotal in the region and nation's history. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number of [[high-rise]] residences and a building boom in New York continues to this day.

In 2003, another blackout occurred, the [[2003 North America blackout]], but the city suffered no looting.

[[File:Hurricane Sandy Flooding Avenue C 2012.JPG|thumb|left|A flooded [[Avenue C (Manhattan)|Avenue C]] in Manhattan just moments before the explosion at an [[electrical substation]]]]
On October 29 and 30, 2012, [[Hurricane Sandy]] caused extensive destruction in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with record-high [[storm surge]], severe flooding, and high winds, causing [[power outage]]s for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and malfunctions at [[electrical substation]]s, leading to [[gasoline]] shortages and snarling [[mass transit]] systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms of [[physical infrastructure]] and [[private property]] as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-26/bloomberg-seeks-9-8-billion-in-aid-for-nyc-s-sandy-storm-losses.html |title=Bloomberg Seeks $9.8 Billion Aid for NYC Sandy Storm Losses |author1=Martin Z. Braun|author2=Freeman Klopott|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Bloomberg |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128024128/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-26/bloomberg-seeks-9-8-billion-in-aid-for-nyc-s-sandy-storm-losses.html|archive-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing [[seawall]]s and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/hurricane-sandy-anniversary-2014-fortifying-new-york-how-well-armored-are-we-next-1711729 |title=Hurricane Sandy Anniversary 2014: Fortifying New York – How Well Armored Are We For The Next Superstorm?|author1=Jeff Stone|author2=Maria Gallucci|name-list-style=amp |website=International Business Times|date=October 29, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070525/http://www.ibtimes.com/hurricane-sandy-anniversary-2014-fortifying-new-york-how-well-armored-are-we-next-1711729|archive-date=July 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Robert S. Eshelman |url=http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1 |title=ADAPTATION: Political support for a sea wall in New York Harbor begins to form |publisher=E&E Publishing, LLC |date=November 15, 2012 |access-date=July 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205101452/http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1|archive-date=February 5, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[One World Trade Center]], also known as Freedom Tower, was completed in 2014 to replace the fallen Twin Towers.

The [[2017–2021 New York City transit crisis]], which began with what media outlets referred to as the 2017 "summer of hell," led New York Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] to declare a state of emergency. The crisis was due to the interaction of multiple severe problems in the [[New York City Subway]] system and in [[MTA Regional Bus Operations|New York City bus lines]], as well as at [[New York Penn Station|Penn Station]], the final stop on several of the commuter lines connecting New York City with other parts of the metropolitan area. Its root causes included long-term neglect of critical infrastructure and lack of adequate funding for ongoing operations, among others. The state of emergency was formally ended on June 30, 2021.{{clear}}

===Statistical history===
[[File:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg|thumb|[[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] on the [[Lower East Side]] of [[Manhattan]], {{Circa|1900}}]]
The [[U.S. Census Bureau]] first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|standard metropolitan areas]] (SMAs). The "New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties (Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic) became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In 1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers within a wider [[labor market area]]. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12 PMSAs.

[[File:Unisfera Flushing.jpg|thumb|[[Unisphere]] in [[Flushing Meadows – Corona Park]], iconic of [[Queens]], the most [[ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]] [[U.S. county]] and a [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of New York<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ocnyc/html/experience/queens.shtml |title=Queens – The NYC Experience |publisher=The City of New York |date=February 16, 2011 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-date=May 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504055034/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ocnyc/html/experience/queens.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.queenstribune.com/not4pub/WeAreANationOfImmigrants.html |title=We Are A Nation Of Immigrants |last=Schenkler |first=Michael |newspaper=Queens Tribune |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511213159/http://www.queenstribune.com/not4pub/WeAreANationOfImmigrants.html}}</ref>]]
Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic, Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex, Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a new set of standards was established using the [[core based statistical area|Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA)]] model was adopted and remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, Trenton–Princeton, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford (includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,<ref>{{cite web |title=Combined Statistical Areas 2013 |url=http://www.policom.com/2013MAPS/Combined%202013.pdf |access-date=October 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721203305/http://www.policom.com/2013MAPS/Combined%202013.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2014}}</ref> and assimilated Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–PA MSA. In 2018, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA was removed from the Combined Statistical Area.<ref name="OMB_20180914">[https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Bulletin-18-04.pdf OMB BULLETIN NO. 18-04: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas] . Office of Management and Budget. September 14, 2018.</ref> 

The July 2023 revision of the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA had the following municipality changes from the March 2020 definitions:<ref>{{Cite web |title=OMB Bulletin No. 20-01 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bulletin-20-01.pdf |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

Additions to the CSA:

* [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan County, NY]] (Monticello, NY μSA)

Removals from the CSA:

* [[Shelton, Connecticut|City of Shelton, CT]] (from the erstwhile Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk, CT MSA)
* [[Monroe County, Pennsylvania|Monroe County, PA]] (from the erstwhile East Stroudsburg, PA MSA)
* [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven County, CT]] (from the erstwhile New Haven–Milford, CT MSA)
* [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield County, CT]] (from the Torrington, CT μSA), except for the Towns of [[Bridgewater, Connecticut|Bridgewater]] and [[New Milford, Connecticut|New Milford]]

===Proposals for the region===
{{See also|Partition and secession in New York}}
The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states. This has to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitutional complexity of the metropolitan region being cross-state. Within the State of New York over the last 30 years,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Jon |year=2019|title=Upstate, Downstate: Why New York secession efforts haven't been successful |url=https://eu.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2019/04/19/upstate-downstate-why-new-york-secession-efforts-havent-had-success/3472365002/ |access-date=March 1, 2020 |work=[[Rochester Democrat and Chronicle]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101151241/https://eu.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2019/04/19/upstate-downstate-why-new-york-secession-efforts-havent-had-success/3472365002/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> discussions have emerged of splitting the states into different regions with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the same state — as opposed to seeing New York and its metropolitan area being split into a separate state.<ref name="SY-2Regmodle"/><ref name="WKTV-3reg"/> The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in the state legislature.<ref name="Fox-3reg">{{cite web |last1=Mikelionis |first1=Lucas |title=Break liberals' grip on New York by splitting state into 3 regions, Republican proposes |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-york-should-be-split-into-3-regions-to-end-nyc-liberal-grip-over-whole-state-republican-proposes |website=[[Fox News]] |access-date=August 29, 2019 |date=March 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829181905/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-york-should-be-split-into-3-regions-to-end-nyc-liberal-grip-over-whole-state-republican-proposes |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Linge"/>

The discussion surrounding the re-organization of New York State has commonly been in two models: The two-region model creates a "downstate" New York region which would consist of all five New York City boroughs, Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties, then Upstate would be the remaining 53;<ref name="Fox-3reg"/><ref name="SY-2Regmodle">{{cite web |title=Split New York into 2 states? Upstate NY lawmaker wants study for idea |url=https://www.syracuse.com/news/2019/02/split-new-york-into-2-states-upstate-ny-lawmaker-wants-study-for-idea.html |website=Syracuse |publisher=Advance Media New York |access-date=August 29, 2019 |date=February 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008071111/https://www.syracuse.com/news/2019/02/split-new-york-into-2-states-upstate-ny-lawmaker-wants-study-for-idea.html |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the three-region model is New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of New York State.<ref name="Fox-3reg"/><ref name="WKTV-3reg">{{cite web |last1=Kearney |first1=Brent |title=Should New York be split into three separate regions? |url=https://www.wktv.com/content/news/Should-New-York-be-split-into-three-separate-regions-506986431.html |website=[[WKTV]] |publisher=[[Heartland Media]] |access-date=August 29, 2019 |date=March 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829181907/https://www.wktv.com/content/news/Should-New-York-be-split-into-three-separate-regions-506986431.html |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Linge">{{cite news |last1=Linge |first1=Mary Kay |title=New York bill proposes splitting Empire State into three districts |url=https://nypost.com/2019/04/06/new-york-bill-proposes-splitting-empire-state-into-three-districts/ |access-date=March 1, 2020 |work=[[New York Post]] |date=April 6, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829181905/https://nypost.com/2019/04/06/new-york-bill-proposes-splitting-empire-state-into-three-districts/ |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> This debate was reported as recent as February 2019, when Republican [[New York State Senate|state Senator]] [[Daphne Jordan]] supported the state being split into two states;<ref name="Fox-3reg"/><ref name="SY-2Regmodle"/> however, it was believed that the proposal would require an act of congress for it to be passed.<ref>{{cite news |title=New New York? Lawmaker Proposes Turning NYC, Long Island Into Its Own State |url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/02/23/lawmaker-turn-nyc-into-own-state/ |access-date=March 1, 2020 |work=CBS local |date=February 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824014843/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/02/23/lawmaker-turn-nyc-into-own-state/ |archive-date=August 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{further|African Americans in the New York City metropolitan region|Chinese in the New York City metropolitan region|Dominicans in the New York City metropolitan region|Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region|Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|Japanese in the New York City metropolitan region|Koreans in the New York City metropolitan region|Puerto Ricans in the New York City metropolitan region|Russians in the New York City metropolitan region|Islam in the New York City metropolitan region|Jews in the New York City metropolitan region|LGBT culture in the New York City metropolitan region}}
[[File:India Square JC jeh.JPG|thumb|[[India Square]] in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], known as Little Bombay,<ref>Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 {{ISBN|1-56691-949-5}}. Retrieved April 10, 2015.</ref> home to the highest concentration of [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|Asian Indian]]s in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2014/04/neighborhood-spotlight-journal-square/|title=Neighborhood Spotlight: Journal Square |author=Laryssa Wirstiuk|newspaper=Jersey City Independent|date=April 21, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630085618/http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2014/04/neighborhood-spotlight-journal-square/|archive-date=June 30, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
[[File:Broad Avenue Palisades Park.jpg|thumb|[[Bergen County, New Jersey]], home to each of the top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population, led by [[Koreatown, Palisades Park|Palisades Park]] (above), a [[borough (New Jersey)|borough]] where [[Koreans]] constitute the majority (52%) of the population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3455770lk.html |title=Palisades Park borough, New Jersey QuickLinks |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513134539/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3455770lk.html |archive-date=May 13, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/19/nyregion/monument-in-palisades-park-nj-irritates-japanese-officials.html |title=In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Kirk Semple|date=May 18, 2012 |access-date=May 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529231015/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/19/nyregion/monument-in-palisades-park-nj-irritates-japanese-officials.html|archive-date=May 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Spanish Harlem Orchestra.jpg|thumb|[[Spanish Harlem Orchestra]] in [[Spanish Harlem]]; [[New York City]] is home to nearly three million [[Latino Americans]], the largest [[Hispanic]] population of any city outside [[Latin America]] and [[Spain]]]]
[[File:Dragon in Chinatown NYC Lunar New Year.jpg|thumb|[[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]] in [[Manhattan]], home to the largest population of [[Chinese Americans in New York City|Chinese]] people outside of [[Asia]], with over 750,000 as of 2013.<ref name=NYCLargestChinesePopulation>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html |title=Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans|author=Vivian Yee|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 22, 2015|access-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224022642/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html|archive-date=February 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=queensbuzz/> |alt=Several men in red and yellow outfits carry a colorful paper dragon in the street while onlookers watch behind police barriers.]]

{{Historical populations|type=USA
| title = Historical populations – modern New York MSA
| 1830|552237
| 1840|740120
| 1850|1142304
| 1860|1801668
| 1870|2319319
| 1880|2951270
| 1890|3845151
| 1900|5231748
| 1910|7248147
| 1920|8693184
| 1930|11123506
| 1940|11950188
| 1950|13299834
| 1960|15346313
| 1970|17065328
| 1980|16363636
| 1990|16846046
| 2000|18323006
| 2010|18897109
| 2020|20140470
| 2024 est.|19940274| footnote = Note: figures up to 2020 include [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike County, PA]]. Estimates after 2020 do not include Pike County, which was detached from the MSA in September 2023.<ref name="Pike" /><br>
[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]<br>1900–1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/wi190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990 |publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=August 9, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718002642/http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/wi190090.txt|archive-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
![[List of counties in New York|County]]
!2020 census
!2010 census
!Change
!width=12em |Area
!width=12em |Density
|-
|[[Bronx County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|1472653|1385108}}
|{{convert|42.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|1472653|42.2|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Kings County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|2736119|2504700}}
|{{convert|69.4|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|2736119|69.4|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Nassau County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|1395767|1339532}}
|{{convert|284.5|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|1395767|284.5|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[New York County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|1694250|1585873}}
|{{convert|22.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|1694250|22.7|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Putnam County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|97678|99710}}
|{{convert|230.3|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|97678|230.3|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Queens County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|2405425|2230722}}
|{{convert|108.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|2405425|108.7|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Richmond County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|495752|468730}}
|{{convert|57.5|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|495752|57.5|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Rockland County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|338337|311687}}
|{{convert|173.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|338337|173.7|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Suffolk County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|1525894|1493350}}
|{{convert|910.9|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|1525894|910.9|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Westchester County, New York]]
| {{change|invert=on|1004469|949113}}
|{{convert|430.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|1004469|430.8|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Bergen County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|955743|905116}}
|{{convert|232.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|955743|232.8|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Essex County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|862768|783969}}
|{{convert|126.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|862768|126.1|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|724858|634266}}
|{{convert|46.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|724858|46.2|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Hunterdon County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|128950|128349}}
|{{convert|427.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|128950|427.8|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Middlesex County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|863202|809858}}
|{{convert|309.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|863202|309.2|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Monmouth County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|643612|630380}}
|{{convert|468.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|643612|468.2|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Morris County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|509288|492276}}
|{{convert|461.0|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|509288|461.0|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Ocean County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|637235|576567}}
|{{convert|628.3|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|637235|628.3|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Passaic County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|525054|501226}}
|{{convert|186.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|525054|186.1|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Somerset County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|345353|323444}}
|{{convert|301.9|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|345353|301.9|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Sussex County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|144220|149265}}
|{{convert|518.5|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|144220|518.5|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|-
|[[Union County, New Jersey]]
| {{change|invert=on|575363|536499}}
|{{convert|102.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|575363|102.8|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#fbfbbb"
|'''Total'''<br>
'''(New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA)'''
| {{change|invert=on|20081990|18838926|bgcolour=#fbfbbb}}
|{{convert|6139.58|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|{{Pop density|20081990|6139.58|sqmi|km2|prec=0}}
|}

===2010 census===
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2023}}
{|class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition !! 2010
|-
|[[White American|White]] ||73.4%
|-
|&nbsp;—Non-Hispanic White ||51.7%
|-
|&nbsp;—[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) ||21.7%
|-
|[[African American|Black or African-American]] ||15.3%
|-
|[[Asian American|Asian]] ||9%
|-
|[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] or [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] ||0.2%
|-
|Other || 0.5%
|-
|Two or more races ||1.6%
|}
As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865 per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7% [[White Americans|White]] (non-Latino), 21.7% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]], 15.3% [[African Americans|African-American]], 9.0% [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]], 0.16% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] and [[Alaskan Native]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islands American]], 0.5% Other, and 1.6% [[Multiracial]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|title=U.S. Census website|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/|archive-date=December 27, 1996|url-status=live}}</ref>

The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6% were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while females were 51.7% of the population.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There were 8,103,731 households, of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436 were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639) were born in [[Latin America]], 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born in [[Asia]], 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born in [[Europe]], 3.8% or 224,109 were born in [[Africa]], and 0.2% or 11,957 were born in [[Oceania]].{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

===Population estimates===
[[File:Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree 03.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree]], considered the "worldwide symbol of [[Christmas]]", is an annual staple of the New York metropolitan area during the [[Christmas and holiday season|Holiday season]]<ref>[https://www.6sqft.com/the-history-of-the-rockefeller-center-christmas-tree-a-nyc-holiday-tradition/ "The History of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree, a NYC Holiday Tradition"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809172135/https://www.6sqft.com/the-history-of-the-rockefeller-center-christmas-tree-a-nyc-holiday-tradition/|date=August 9, 2017}}, Schulz, Dana (November 29, 2017). 6sqft.</ref>]]
[[File:New York Gay Pride 2011.jpg|thumb|The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest gay and bisexual community in the United States and one of the world's largest.<ref name=GLB>{{cite web|url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey|author=Gary J. Gates | year=2006 | publisher=The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation|access-date=December 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015224/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|archive-date=June 9, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=WorldLargestGLBT>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIAuxa6ic9EC&q=new+york+one+of+the+largest+world+gay+population&pg=PT703|author1=Brian Silverman|author2=Kelsy Chauvin|name-list-style=amp|title=Frommer's New York City 2013|year=2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9781118331446|access-date=March 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906022534/https://books.google.com/books?id=fIAuxa6ic9EC&pg=PT703&lpg=PT703&dq=new+york+one+of+the+largest+world+gay+population&source=bl&ots=yUuuJoetB-&sig=5iBOnSLykj_dj1_jt4c0dXIe2LA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pwERVYfyDszUgwT_0YKQCA&ved=0CCYQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=new%20york%20one%20of%20the%20largest%20world%20gay%20population&f=false|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
As of 2020, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|New York combined statistical area]] at 23,582,649, the most populous in the United States and one of the world's most populous [[urban agglomeration]]s. The increase in the population of the combined statistical area was distributed across the portions of the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania which together constitute the greater New York City metropolitan area.

The New York metropolitan region is ethnically diverse. [[Asian Americans in New York City]], according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of [[San Francisco]] and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html|title=Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers|author=Kirk Semple|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 23, 2011|access-date=July 5, 2011 |quote=Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's kaleidoscopic racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly 1 in 8 New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627155337/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html|archive-date=June 27, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html |title=Asian American Statistics |publisher=Améredia Incorporated |access-date=July 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714063833/http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The New York borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest [[Andes|Andean]] ([[Colombian American|Colombian]], [[Ecuadorian American|Ecuadorian]], [[Peruvian American|Peruvian]], [[Chilean American|Chilean]] and [[Bolivian American|Bolivian]]) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<ref name=QueensMostDiverseWorld1>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html |title=Queens, New York, Sightseeing|author1=Christine Kim|author2=Demand Media|newspaper=USA TODAY|access-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616145824/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html|archive-date=June 16, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=QueensMostDiverseWorld2>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/ |title=Queens|author=Andrew Weber|publisher=NewYork.com|date=April 30, 2013|access-date=July 18, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513065643/http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/|archive-date=May 13, 2015}}</ref> The [[Han Chinese]] population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State; multiple [[natural satellite|satellites]] of the original [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Manhattan Chinatown]] ({{lang|zh-hant|紐約華埠}}), in [[Chinatown, Brooklyn|Brooklyn]] ({{lang|zh-hant|布鲁克林華埠}}), and around [[Chinatown, Flushing|Flushing, Queens]] ({{lang|zh-hant|法拉盛華埠}}), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059lk.html |title=State & County QuickFacts Nassau County, New York QuickLinks |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007193506/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059lk.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 }}</ref> on [[Long Island]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hengshao/2014/04/10/chinese-real-estate-buyers-fan-out-to-long-islands-north-shore/|title=Join The Great Gatsby: Chinese Real Estate Buyers Fan Out To Long Island's North Shore|author=Heng Shao |magazine=Forbes|date=April 10, 2014|access-date=August 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052633/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hengshao/2014/04/10/chinese-real-estate-buyers-fan-out-to-long-islands-north-shore/|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale [[Chinese emigration|Chinese immigration]] continues into New York City and surrounding areas.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|archive-date=August 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Chinese2013est>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013214828/https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|archive-date=October 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 1|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013214828/https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|archive-date=October 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403073333/http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|archive-date=April 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=February 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|archive-date=July 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-09/news/29541916_1_illegal-chinese-immigrants-qm2-queen-mary|title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities|author=John Marzulli |newspaper=The New York Daily News|date=May 9, 2011|access-date=February 24, 2013|location=New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516|archive-date=May 5, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2012, 6.3% of New York was of [[Chinese American|Chinese ethnicity]], with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/|archive-date=December 27, 1996|url-status=live}}</ref> In particular, the New York area has over 100,000 [[Fuzhou Americans|Fuzhounese people]].<ref>Cosmologies of Credit: Transnational Mobility and the Politics of Destination in China, 2010, Julie Y. Chu</ref> A community numbering 20,000 [[Koreans in China|Korean-Chinese]] (''Chaoxianzu'' ({{lang-zh|c=朝鲜族}}) or ''Joseonjok'' ({{Korean|조선족}})) is centered in [[Flushing, Queens]], while New York is also home to the largest [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] population outside China, India, and [[Nepal]], also centered in Queens.<ref name=UnreachedNY>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/|title=Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY |publisher=GLOBAL GATES|date=July 17, 2012|access-date=October 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027192509/http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/|archive-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Korean Americans in New York City|Koreans]] made up 1.2% of the city's population, and [[Japanese in New York City|Japanese]] 0.3%. [[Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region|Filipinos]] were the largest [[Southeast Asian]] ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], who made up 0.2% of New York's population in 2010. [[Indian American|Indians]] are the largest [[South Asian]] group, accounting for 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and [[Pakistani American|Pakistanis]] at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/census2010/t_sf1_p9_nyc.pdf |title=Table SF1-P9 NYC: Total Asian Population by Selected Subgroups |publisher=NYC.gov |access-date=August 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505180239/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/census2010/t_sf1_p9_nyc.pdf |archive-date=May 5, 2012 }}</ref> Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html |title=Queens County, New York QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808084246/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}</ref> as well as [[Malaysian American|Malaysians]]<ref name=Immigrants2013est/> and other Southeast Asians;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://queens.about.com/od/photogalleries/ig/Photos-of-Elmhurst/Elmhurst-Chinatown-.htm|title=A Growing Chinatown in Elmhurst |author=John Roleke|publisher=About.com|access-date=August 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711032947/http://queens.about.com/od/photogalleries/ig/Photos-of-Elmhurst/Elmhurst-Chinatown-.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both [[West Indian American|West Indian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bklynlibrary.org/blog/2017/08/31/west-indian-immigration|title=West Indian Immigration and Carnival: Coming to Brooklyn|last=Boothe|first=Emilia|others=Posted by Jen Hoyer|date=August 31, 2017|work=Brooklynology|publisher=[[Brooklyn Public Library]] |access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=December 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203215259/https://www.bklynlibrary.org/blog/2017/08/31/west-indian-immigration|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as Asian Indian immigrants.

New York has the largest [[European American|European]] and [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212412/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder – Results |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=October 8, 2014}}</ref> The [[European diaspora]] residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 [[Italian American]]s, 385,000 [[Irish American]]s, 253,000 [[German American]]s, 223,000 [[Russian Americans in New York City|Russian Americans]], 201,000 [[Polish American]]s, and 137,000 [[English American]]s. Additionally, [[Greek American|Greek]] and [[French American]]s numbered 65,000 each, with those of [[Hungarian American|Hungarian]] descent estimated at 60,000 people. [[Ukrainian American|Ukrainian]] and [[Scottish American]]s numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from [[Spain]] numbered 30,838 total in 2010.<ref name=HispanicLatino>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055907/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 8, 2014 }}</ref> People of [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish American|Swedish]] descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of [[Czech American|Czech]], [[Lithuanian American|Lithuanian]], [[Portuguese American|Portuguese]], [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]], and [[Welsh American|Welsh]] descent all numbered between 12,000 and 14,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316025439/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 16, 2015|title=American FactFinder – Results |publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 8, 2014}}</ref> [[Arab American]]s number over 160,000 in New York City,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm|title=A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City |publisher=Allied Media Corp|access-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212113/http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm|archive-date=November 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. [[Demographics of Central Asia|Central Asians]], primarily [[Uzbek American]]s, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=July 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013214828/https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|archive-date=October 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. [[Albanian American]]s are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/75/88/PDF/The_Albanian-American_Community_in_the_United_States.pdf |title=The Albanian-American Community in the United States : A Diaspora Coming to Visibility|author1=Nadège Ragaru|author2=Amilda Dymi|name-list-style=amp|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822211628/http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/75/88/PDF/The_Albanian-American_Community_in_the_United_States.pdf|archive-date=August 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The wider New York metropolitan area is also [[ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/london/pdf/theimpactofrecentimmigrationonthelondoneconomy.pdf |title=The Impact of Recent Immigration on the London Economy |author=Ian Gordon|author2=Tony Travers|author3=Christine Whitehead|name-list-style=and |publisher=The City of London Corporation|date=July 2007|access-date=September 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103215900/http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/London/pdf/theImpactofRecentImmigrationOnTheLondonEconomy.pdf|archive-date=November 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area is home the largest [[African American|African American/Black]] population in the nation with nearly four million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/fact-sheet/facts-about-the-us-black-population/#:~:text=Among%20metropolitan%20areas%2C%20the%20New,Washington%2C%20D.C.;%20and%20Dallas |title=Facts About the U.S. Black Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |first1=Mohamad |last1=Moslimani |first2=Christine |last2=Tamir |first3=Abby |last3=Budiman |first4=Luis |last4=Noe-Bustamante |first5=Lauren |last5=Mora |date=January 18, 2024 |access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and [[Miami metropolitan area|Miami]], the next most popular gateway regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403073333/http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|archive-date=April 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|archive-date=August 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|archive-date=July 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR09.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-date=August 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080125/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR09.shtm|url-status=live}}</ref> It is home to the largest [[Jews in New York City|Jewish]] as well as [[Israeli American|Israeli]] communities outside [[Israel]], with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the [[Middle East]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name=UnreachedNY/> The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|Indian Americans]] and at least 20 [[Little India (location)|Little India]] enclaves, as well as 15% of all [[Korean Americans in New York City|Korean Americans]] and four [[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatowns]];<ref name="factfinder2.census">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA|access-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/|archive-date=December 27, 1996|url-status=live}}</ref> the largest [[Asian Indian]] population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,<ref name=autogenerated1 /> [[Italian American]], and [[African American]] populations; the largest [[Dominican American]], [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City|Puerto Rican American]], and [[South America]]n<ref name=autogenerated1 /> and second-largest overall [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanic]] population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;<ref name=HispanicLatino/> and includes at least 6 established [[Chinatown]]s within New York City alone,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse|title=Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers|author=Kirk Semple|work=The New York Times|date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=September 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219031916/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse|archive-date=December 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> with the urban agglomeration consisting of a population of 819,527 uniracial [[Chinese Americans in New York City|overseas Chinese]] as of 2014 Census estimates,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~016|title=SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES – 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA – Chinese alone|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=August 29, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002016/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~016|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> the largest outside of [[Asia]].<ref name=NYCLargestChinesePopulation/><ref name=queensbuzz>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302|title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing |publisher=QueensBuzz.com|date=January 25, 2012|access-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526023036/http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302|archive-date=May 26, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ecuador, [[Colombia]], Guyana, [[Peru]], and [[Brazil]] were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, [[Jamaica]], Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the [[Caribbeans in New York City|Caribbean]]; [[Egypt]], [[Ghana]], and [[Nigeria]] from [[Africa]]; and [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], and [[Guatemala]] in [[Central America]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013 |publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security |access-date=March 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031722/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=May 1, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst a resurgence of [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City]], this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.

New York City has been described as the [[LGBT culture in New York City|gay capital]] of the world, and is home to one of the world's largest LGBTQ populations and the most prominent.<ref name=NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1>{{cite web|url=https://gayexpress.co.nz/2018/04/new-york-worlds-gay-capital/|title=New York - The World's Gay Capital|author=Peter Minkoff|publisher=Your LGBTQ+ Voice|date=April 5, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2023|archive-date=January 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104190330/https://gayexpress.co.nz/2018/04/new-york-worlds-gay-capital/|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying [[gay]] and [[bisexuality|bisexual]] community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.<ref name="GLB"/><ref name=WorldLargestGLBT/> [[Same-sex marriage in New York|Same-sex marriages in New York]] were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html?_r=1&hp|title=New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law|author1=Nicholas Confessore|author2=Michael Barbaro|name-list-style=amp|publisher=The New York Times Company|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=September 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209172042/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html?_r=1&hp|archive-date=February 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The annual [[NYC Pride March]] (or Gay [[Pride Parade]]) traverses southward down [[Fifth Avenue]] in Manhattan, ending at [[Greenwich Village]], and is the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.<ref name="NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade">{{cite web|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/|title=Revelers Take To The Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride March|publisher=CBS New York|date=June 25, 2017|access-date=July 3, 2017|quote=A sea of rainbows took over the Big Apple for the biggest pride parade in the world Sunday.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628092426/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/|archive-date=June 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{multiple image
| align             = center
| direction         = horizontal
| image1            = St. Patricks Cathedral (New York) (45190701122).jpg
| width1            = 113
| caption1          = The [[New York City Landmarks|landmark]] [[Gothic revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] [[Roman Catholic]] [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]], Midtown Manhattan.
| alt1              = 
| image2            = Jueus ultraortodoxes satmar a brooklyn.jpg
| width2            = 200
| caption2          = Of Brooklyn's 2.4 million residents, 561,000 - or 23% - are Jewish as of 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080|title=Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds|author=Simone Weichselbaum|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=June 26, 2012|access-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704130656/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080|archive-date=July 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| alt2              = 
| image3            = Islamic Cultural Center E96 jeh.JPG
| width3            = 130
| caption3          = The [[Islamic Cultural Center of New York]] ({{langx|ar|المركز الثقافي الإسلامي في نيويورك}}) in [[Upper Manhattan]]. With an estimated 1.5 million observers, the New York metropolitan area is home to the largest metropolitan [[Islam in New York City|Muslim]] population in the Western Hemisphere.
| alt3              = 
| image4            = Temple at Flushing, NY.jpg
| width4            = 195
| caption4          = [[Hindu Temple Society of North America|Sri Maha Vallabha]] [[Ganapati]] [[Devasthanam]] ([[Kannada Americans|Kannada]]: {{lang|te|ಶ್ರೀ ಮಹಾವಲ್ಲಭ ಗಣಪತಿ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ}}) or ([[Tamil American|Tamil]]: {{lang|ta|ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்}}), in [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]], [[Queens]], the oldest [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple in the United States.
| alt4              = 
| image5            = Chuang Yen Monastery 2004.jpeg
| width5            = 200
| caption5          = The [[Chuang Yen Monastery]] ({{lang|zh|莊嚴寺}}), in [[Kent, New York|Kent]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam County]], houses the largest indoor statue of [[Buddha]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/23174 |title=Largest Indoor Buddha in the Western Hemisphere |work=RoadsideAmerica.com |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115063000/http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/23174 |archive-date=November 15, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| alt5              =
}}

The 2014 [[Pew Research Center|Pew Religious Landscape Survey]] showed that the religious makeup of the New York metro area was as follows:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
|+ style="font-size:100%" | Religious affiliation in the New York City metro area (2014)<ref>Pew Research Center, [http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/new-york-city-metro-area/ "Religious Landscape Study: New York City metro area"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024164034/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/new-york-city-metro-area/ |date=October 24, 2016 }}</ref>
|-
! Affiliation
! colspan="2"|% of New York population
|-
| [[Christianity|Christian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|59||2||background:darkblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|33||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Protestant]]
|align=right| {{bartable|23||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"| [[Evangelical Protestant]]
|align=right| {{bartable|9||2||background:lightblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"| [[Mainline Protestant]]
|align=right| {{bartable|8||2||background:lightblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"| [[Black church]]
|align=right| {{bartable|6||2||background:lightblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| Other Christian
|align=right| {{bartable|3||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]
|align=right| {{bartable|24||2||background:purple}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| Nothing in particular
|align=right| {{bartable|15||2||background:#A020F0}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Agnosticism|Agnostic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4||2||background:#A020F0}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Atheism|Atheist]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4||2||background:#A020F0}}
|-
| [[Jewish]]
|align=right| {{bartable|8||2||background:lightgreen}}
|-
| [[Muslim]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4||2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Hindu]]
|align=right| {{bartable|2||2||background:lightgreen}}
|-
| [[Buddhist]]
|align=right| {{bartable|1||2||background:lightgreen}}
|-
| Other faiths
|align=right| {{bartable|1||2||background:lightgreen}}
|-
| Don't know/refused answer
|align=right| {{bartable|1||2||background:#A020F0}}
|-
| '''Total''' || {{bartable|100||2||background:grey}}
|}

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of New York City}}
[[File:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.jpg|thumb|[[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] on the [[Gold Coast (Long Island)|North Shore]] of [[Long Island]], an internationally renowned [[biomedical research]] facility and home to eight scientists awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]]]

The New York City regional economy is the largest in the world, with a GDP of US$2.5 trillion in 2022, which would rank 8th among sovereign countries. Many [[Fortune 500]] corporations are [[headquarters|headquartered]] in New York,<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ ''Fortune'' 500 web site (cities)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824184919/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ |date=August 24, 2011 }}, retrieved July 21, 2011; ''Fortune'', Vol. 163, no. 7 (May 23, 2011), page F-45</ref> as are a large number of [[foreign corporation]]s. One out of ten [[private sector]] jobs in the city is with a foreign company.<ref>{{cite news |title=Keeping the Economy Growing |author=Wylde, Kathryn |publisher=Gotham Gazette |date=January 23, 2006 |url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/fea/20060123/202/1727 |access-date=March 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006220133/http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/fea/20060123/202/1727 |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012 and 2015, New York topped the first and second ''Global Economic Power Index'' lists, respectively, as published by ''[[The Atlantic]]'', with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on five different lists as published by five separate entities.<ref name=EconomicallyPowerful2015/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/ |title=What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City? |author=Richard Florida |publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group |date=May 8, 2012 |access-date=November 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318072635/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/ |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Finance, international trade, new and traditional media, real estate, education, fashion and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing are the leading industries in the area. Along with its wealth, the area has a [[cost of living]] that is the highest in the United States.

===Gross domestic product by county===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank<br />(2022)
! County
! GDP by county<br />(million US$)<ref name=fred.stlouisfed.org>{{citation|title=Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?et=&pageID=2&rid=397&t=|work=Federal Reserve Economic Data |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis}}</ref>
|-
| 1
| [[Manhattan|New York]]
| {{center|885,651.810}}
|-
| 2
| [[Brooklyn|Kings]]
| {{center|125,866.867}}
|-
| 3
| [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
| {{center|125,184.540}}
|-
| 4
| [[Queens]]
| {{center|122,288.187}}
|-
| 5
| [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
| {{center|121,290.784}}
|-
| 6
| [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]]
| {{center|104,368.153}}
|-
| 7
| [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]]
| {{center|103,162.225}}
|-
| 8
| [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]]
| {{center|95,627.951}}
|-
| 9
| [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]]
| {{center|78,784.425}}
|-
| 10
| [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris]]
| {{center|69,014.834}}
|-
| 11
| [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]]
| {{center|67,415.140}}
|-
| 12
| [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
| {{center|61,456.416}}
|-
| 13
| [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]]
| {{center|59,260.996}}
|-
| 14
| [[The Bronx|Bronx]]
| {{center|51,573.982}}
|-
| 15
| [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]]
| {{center|49,620.483}}
|-
| 16
| [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset]]
| {{center|48,293.447}}
|-
| 17
| [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth]]
| {{center|46,342.232}}
|-
| 18
| [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]]
| {{center|45,128.578}}
|-
| 19
| [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean]]
| {{center|28,260.414}}
|-
| 20
| [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]]
| {{center|25,843.403}}
|-
| 21
| [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
| {{center|25,001.648}}
|-
| 22
| [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]]
| {{center|22,031.406}}
|-
| 23
| [[Staten Island|Richmond]]
| {{center|21,103.447}}
|-
| 24
| [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]]
| {{center|17,859.624}}
|-
| 25
| [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]]
| {{center|10,737.359}}
|-
| 26
| [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]]
| {{center|9,052.826}}
|-
| 27
| [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon]]
| {{center|8,836.259}}
|-
| 28
| [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex]]
| {{center|5,900.635}}
|-
| 29
| [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]]
| {{center|4,687.684}}
|-
| 30
| [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike]]
| {{center|1,659.595}}
|-
|- style="background:#feb;"
|
| '''New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA'''
| {{center|'''2,504,721.129'''}}
|}

===Wall Street===
{{main|Wall Street}}
[[File:Photos NewYork1 032.jpg|thumb|[[NYSE]] on [[Wall Street]], the world's largest stock market by total [[market capitalization]] of listed companies.<ref name=NYSElargest>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html |title=NYSE Listings Directory |access-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621174531/http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html |archive-date=June 21, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=NYSEhighestcap>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf |title=2013 WFE Market Highlights |publisher=World Federation of Exchanges |access-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327112731/http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2014 }}</ref>]]
[[File:Flatiron District.jpg|thumb|Manhattan's [[Flatiron District]] was the cradle of Silicon Alley, now [[metonymy|metonymous]] for the New York metropolitan region's [[high tech]] sector, which has since expanded beyond the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themidtowngazette.com/2013/10/startups-move-to-co-shared-offices-amid-high-real-estate-prices/|title=Startups move to co-shared offices amid high real estate prices|author=Karim Lahlou|publisher=The Midtown Gazette|access-date=October 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821025234/http://themidtowngazette.com/2013/10/startups-move-to-co-shared-offices-amid-high-real-estate-prices/|archive-date=August 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The New York metropolitan area's most important economic sector lies in its role as the [[headquarters]] for the [[financial center|U.S. financial industry]], metonymously known as ''[[Wall Street]]''. Anchored by Wall Street, in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]], New York has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world,<ref name=EconomicallyPowerful2015/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|title=Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S.|publisher=Business Insider, Inc|date=July 31, 2011|access-date=June 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205063107/http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|archive-date=February 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-24/new-york-boosts-lead-on-london-as-leading-finance-center.html|title=New York Boosts Lead on London as Leading Finance Center|author=John Glover|publisher=Bloomberg L.P|date=November 23, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112154508/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-24/new-york-boosts-lead-on-london-as-leading-finance-center.html|archive-date=January 12, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world-news/ubs-may-move-us-investment-bank-to-nyc_556257.html|title=UBS may move US investment bank to NYC|publisher=e-Eighteen.com Ltd|date=June 10, 2011|access-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126132835/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world-news/ubs-may-move-us-investment-bank-to-nyc_556257.html|archive-date=January 26, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI17_23March2015.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 17|date=March 23, 2015|access-date=March 25, 2015|publisher=Long Finance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414052808/http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI17_23March2015.pdf|archive-date=April 14, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the city is home to the world's two [[List of stock exchanges|largest stock exchanges]] by total [[market capitalization]], the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and [[NASDAQ]].<ref name=NYSElargest/><ref name=NYSEhighestcap/> The city's [[Security (finance)|securities]] industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's [[private sector]] jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt7-2014.pdf|title=The Securities Industry in New York City|author=Thomas P. DiNapoli (New York State Comptroller) and Kenneth B. Bleiwas (New York State Deputy Comptroller)|date=October 2013|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822211629/http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt7-2014.pdf|archive-date=August 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m<sup>2</sup>) of office space in 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rudderpg.com/faqs/|title=What is an office condominium?|publisher=Rudder Property Group|access-date=May 28, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929171315/http://www.rudderpg.com/faqs/|archive-date=September 29, 2010}}</ref> making it the largest office market in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officespaceseeker.com/manhattan-office-space-market.html|title=Understanding The Manhattan Office Space Market|publisher=Officespaceseeker.com|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713071533/http://www.officespaceseeker.com/manhattan-office-space-market.html|archive-date=July 13, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> while [[Midtown Manhattan]] is the largest [[central business district]] in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |title=Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11 |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield, Inc |access-date=May 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508231043/http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |archive-date=May 8, 2013 }}</ref>

[[Lower Manhattan]] is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to both the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the [[NASDAQ]], at [[One Liberty Plaza|165 Broadway]], representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total [[market capitalization]] of their listed companies in 2013.<ref name=NYSEhighestcap/> Wall Street [[investment banking]] fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-27/london-bankers-bracing-for-leaner-bonuses-than-new-york.html|title=London Bankers Bracing for Leaner Bonuses Than New York|author1=Ambereen Choudhury, Elisa Martinuzzi|author2=Ben Moshinsky|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=November 26, 2012|access-date=July 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804110946/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-27/london-bankers-bracing-for-leaner-bonuses-than-new-york.html|archive-date=August 4, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> while in 2013, senior New York bank officers who manage [[risk management|risk and compliance]] functions earned as much as US$324,000 annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-10/pay-raises-for-bank-risk-officers-in-asia-trump-new-york.html|title=Pay Raises for Bank Risk Officers in Asia Trump New York|author=Sanat Vallikappen|publisher=Bloomberg L.P|date=November 10, 2013|access-date=July 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804103719/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-10/pay-raises-for-bank-risk-officers-in-asia-trump-new-york.html|archive-date=August 4, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2013, [[NYSE Euronext]], the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the [[London interbank offered rate]] from the [[British Bankers Association]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stream.wsj.com/story/the-libor-investigation/SS-2-32262/SS-2-272592/|title=NYSE Euronext to Take Over Libor|author1=David Enrich|author2=Jacob Bunge|author3=Cassell Bryan-Low|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 9, 2013|access-date=July 10, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019203758/http://stream.wsj.com/story/the-libor-investigation/SS-2-32262/SS-2-272592/|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref>

Many Wall Street firms have added or moved auxiliary financial or technical operations into [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], to take advantage of New Jersey's relatively lower [[commercial real estate]] and rental prices, while offering continued geographic proximity to Manhattan's financial industry ecosystem.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/realestate/meanwhile-in-jersey-city.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=New Yorkers Discover Jersey City|author=Ronda Kaysen|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 15, 2013|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811012515/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/realestate/meanwhile-in-jersey-city.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|archive-date=August 11, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Tech and biotech===
{{further|Tech:NYC|Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area|Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area|Silicon Alley}}
Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into a [[metonymy|metonym]] for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's [[high technology]] industries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1|title=SA 100 2013: The Coolest People In New York Tech|author1=Megan Rose Dickey|author2=Jillian D'Onfro|name-list-style=amp|website=Business Insider|date=October 24, 2013|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722170340/http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1|archive-date=July 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> involving the [[internet]], [[new media]], [[financial technology]] (''fintech'') and [[cryptocurrency]], [[telecommunications]], [[digital media]], [[software development]], [[biotechnology]], [[game design]], and other fields within [[information technology]] that are supported by its [[entrepreneurship ecosystem]] and [[venture capital]] investments.  High technology [[startup companies]] and employment are growing in New York and across the metropolitan region, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of [[innovation|creativity]] and [[entrepreneurship]], [[social tolerance]],<ref name=SocialToleranceNY1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/|title=Ted Cruz Deplores 'Liberal, Left-Wing Values' While Lobbying for New York Votes|author=Matt Flegenheimer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 23, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413234204/http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/|archive-date=April 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[sustainability|environmental sustainability]],<ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html?_r=0|title=The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 22, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503001211/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html?_r=0|archive-date=May 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|title=Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets|author=Lisa Foderaro|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 21, 2014|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526231559/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|archive-date=May 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to several [[transatlantic telephone cable|transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action |publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation |date=March 2005 |url=http://www.nycedc.com/about_us/TelecomPlanMarch2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304040310/http://www.nycedc.com/about_us/TelecomPlanMarch2005.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2006 |access-date=July 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the city's [[intellectual capital]], and its extensive outdoor [[wireless network|wireless connectivity]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180|title=City opens nation's largest continuous Wi-Fi zone in Harlem|author=Ivan Pereira|publisher=amNewYork/Newsday|date=December 10, 2013|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812125242/http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180|archive-date=August 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Verizon Communications]], headquartered at [[Barclay-Vesey Building|140 West Street]] in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion [[fiberoptic communication|fiberoptic telecommunications]] upgrade throughout New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|title=Verizon will miss deadline to wire all of New York City with FiOS|author=Jon Brodkin|publisher=Condé Nast|date=June 9, 2014|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810033248/http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|archive-date=August 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The biotechnology sector is also growing in the New York metropolitan region, based upon its strength in academic scientific [[research]] and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then-New York mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] announced his choice of [[Cornell University]] and [[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] to build [[Cornell Tech]], a US$2 billion [[graduate school]] of [[applied science]]s on [[Roosevelt Island]], Manhattan with the goal of transforming New York into the world's premier technology capital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html?scp=3&sq=cornell&st=cse | author=Richard PÉREZ-PEÑA | title=Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2011|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219031933/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html?scp=3&sq=cornell&st=cse|archive-date=December 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus|title='Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion|first=Anne|last=Ju|publisher=Cornell University|date=December 19, 2011|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901224947/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus|archive-date=September 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech [[investment]] firm, had raised more than US$30&nbsp;million from [[investor]]s, including [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Pfizer]], and [[Johnson & Johnson]], for initial funding to create biotechnology [[startup company|startups]] at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than {{convert|700,000|sqft|m2}} on [[29th Street (Manhattan)|East 29th Street]] and promotes collaboration among scientists and [[entrepreneur]]s at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The [[New York City Economic Development Corporation]]'s Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including [[Celgene]], [[General Electric]] Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100&nbsp;million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in [[life sciences]] and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Keiko|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|title=Wanted: Biotech Startups in New York City: The Alexandria Center for Life Science Looks to Expand|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 28, 2014|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801082713/http://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|archive-date=August 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]] has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over US$1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realestateindepth.com/news/1-2-billion-project-could-make-westchester-a-biotech-destination/|title=$1.2 Billion Project Could Make Westchester a Biotech Destination|author=John Jordan|publisher=Hudson Gateway Association of Realtors|date=January 2016|access-date=April 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424213225/http://www.realestateindepth.com/news/1-2-billion-project-could-make-westchester-a-biotech-destination/|archive-date=April 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> earning the county the nickname ''Biochester''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westchestermagazine.com/914-INC/Q2-2015/Westchesters-Unexpected-Powerhouse-Position-In-the-Biotech-Industry/|title=Westchester's Unexpected Powerhouse Position In the Biotech Industry – Four years after our initial look at Westchester's biotech industry, the sector has gone from fledgling to behemoth.|quote=All around, there are signs of a Biochester bloom:|author=Steve Ditlea|date=May 7, 2015|publisher=Today Media|access-date=April 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416122952/http://www.westchestermagazine.com/914-INC/Q2-2015/Westchesters-Unexpected-Powerhouse-Position-In-the-Biotech-Industry/|archive-date=April 16, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Port of New York and New Jersey===
{{main|Port of New York and New Jersey}}
[[File:Manhattan.jpg|thumb|[[Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal]] on [[Newark Bay]] is the busiest container terminal on the [[East Coast of the United States]].]]
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the [[port district]] of the New York metropolitan area, encompassing the region within approximately a {{convert|25|mi|km|adj=on}} radius of the [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]]. A major economic engine for the New York metropolitan area, the [[port]] includes the system of navigable waterways in the [[estuary]] along {{convert|650|mi|km}} of shoreline in the vicinity of New York and the [[Gateway Region]] of northeastern New Jersey, as well as the [[Aviation in the New York metropolitan area|region's airports]] and supporting rail and roadway distribution networks. The Port of New York and New Jersey handled a [[maritime transport|maritime]] [[cargo]] volume in the ten months through October 2022 of over 8.2&nbsp;million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]], benefitting [[Panamax|post-Panamax]] from the expansion of the [[Panama Canal]], and accelerating ahead of California seaports in monthly cargo volumes.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 10, 2022|title=Port of New York and New Jersey Monthly Cargo Volumes|url=https://www.panynj.gov/port/en/our-port/facts-and-figures.html|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|archive-date=December 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216132242/https://www.panynj.gov/port/en/our-port/facts-and-figures.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/09/business/port-los-angeles-new-york-supply-chain/index.html|title=The busiest port in America is no longer on the West Coast|author=Vanessa Yurkevich|publisher=CNN|date=December 9, 2022|access-date=December 11, 2022|archive-date=December 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211042740/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/12/09/business/port-los-angeles-new-york-supply-chain/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Water purity and availability===
{{further|Food and water in New York City|New York City water supply system}}
Water purity and availability are a lifeline for the New York metropolitan region. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected [[Catskill Mountains]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml |title=Current Reservoir Levels |publisher=New York City Department of Environmental Protection |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707050306/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed [[water purification|natural water filtration system]], New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by [[water treatment]] plants.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lustgarten |first=Abrahm |title=City's Drinking Water Feared Endangered; $10B Cost Seen |work=The New York Sun |date=August 6, 2008 |url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/ |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820001437/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/ |archive-date=August 20, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Croton Falls Reservoir|Croton Watershed]] north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/nyregion/a-quiet-milestone-in-a-project-to-bring-croton-water-back-to-new-york.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A14%22%7D |title=Quiet Milestone in Project to Bring Croton Water Back to New York City |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200642/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/nyregion/a-quiet-milestone-in-a-project-to-bring-croton-water-back-to-new-york.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A14%22%7D |archive-date=July 17, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ongoing expansion of [[New York City Water Tunnel No. 3]], an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history,<ref>{{cite news |last=Flegenheimer |first=Matt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/new-water-tunnel-can-provide-water-for-all-of-manhattan.html?_r=0 |title=After Decades, a Water Tunnel Can Now Serve All of Manhattan |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 16, 2013 |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200654/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/new-water-tunnel-can-provide-water-for-all-of-manhattan.html?_r=0 |archive-date=July 17, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/nyregion/mayor-de-blasio-adding-money-for-water-tunnel-in-brooklyn-and-queens.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=De Blasio Adding Money for Water Tunnel in Brooklyn and Queens|author=Jim Dwyer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 6, 2016|access-date=July 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200706/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/nyregion/mayor-de-blasio-adding-money-for-water-tunnel-in-brooklyn-and-queens.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|archive-date=July 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Much of the fresh water for northern and central New Jersey is provided by [[reservoir]]s, but numerous municipal [[water well]]s exist which accomplish the same purpose.

==Education==
[[File:Low Library on campus. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Low Library]], the Neoclassical centerpiece of the [[Columbia University]] campus]]
{{multiple image |total_width=330 |direction=horizontal
|image1=Harkness Tower, high contrast.jpg |caption1=The bronze clock on [[Harkness Tower]] at [[Yale University]], a structure reflecting the [[Collegiate Gothic]] architectural genre
|image2=ClevelandTowerWatercolor20060829.jpg |caption2=Watercolor of [[Cleveland Tower]], [[Princeton University]], seen in the noon autumn sun
}}
The New York metropolitan area is home to many prestigious institutions of [[higher education]]. Three [[Ivy League]] universities: [[Columbia University]] in [[Manhattan, New York City]]; [[Princeton University]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]; [[Yale University]] in New Haven, Connecticut – all ranked amongst the top 3 U.S. national universities as per ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' as of 2018<ref name=USNewsrankings>{{cite magazine | title=National University Rankings | url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities | magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] | access-date=March 27, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521210513/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities | archive-date=May 21, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> – reside in the region,<ref>{{cite web | title=List of Ivy League Schools |publisher=University Review |url=http://www.universityreview.org/top-100-colleges/list-ivy-league-schools/ |access-date=September 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215556/http://www.universityreview.org/top-100-colleges/list-ivy-league-schools/ |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as [[New York University]] and [[The Rockefeller University]], both located in Manhattan; all of the above have been ranked amongst the top 35 universities in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2013.html|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2013|publisher=ShanghaiRanking Consultancy |access-date=September 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927180526/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2013.html|archive-date=September 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rutgers University]], a global university located {{convert|27|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Manhattan in [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]] and [[Piscataway, New Jersey]], is by far the largest university in the region.<ref>[https://colleges.niche.com/rankings/largest-colleges/ Largest Colleges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906013557/https://colleges.niche.com/rankings/largest-colleges/ |date=September 6, 2015 }}, niche.com</ref> [[New York Institute of Technology]] is located on two campuses, one in Old Westbury, [[Long Island]] and one near Columbus Circle in [[Manhattan]]. [[Hofstra University]] is Long Island's largest private university.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hofstra at a Glance - Hofstra University, New York |url=http://www.hofstra.edu/about/about_glance.html |website=www.hofstra.edu|access-date=February 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130072857/http://www.hofstra.edu/about/about_glance.html|archive-date=January 30, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fordham University]], also a Tier-1 university,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Fordham University |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/fordham-university-2722 |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|access-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928133935/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/fordham-university-2722|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> is the oldest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] institution of [[higher education]] in the [[northeastern United States]],<ref>Kurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A. (eds.) (2015). Encyclopedia of Christian Education. 3. Rowman & Littlefield. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-8492-2}}. OCLC 881399583.|p=510</ref> and the third-oldest university in [[New York (state)|New York State]].<ref>Shelley, Thomas J. (2016). Fordham, A History of the Jesuit University of New York: 1841–2003. New York: Fordham University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8232-7151-1}}. OCLC 6933280401</ref> The [[New York City Department of Education]] is the largest school district in the United States serving over 1.2 million students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009020.pdf |pages=129–139 |title=Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students, by state: 1990, 2000, and 2006 |access-date=April 26, 2009 |work=Digest of Education Statistics 2008 |publisher=[[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]]. [[Institute of Education Sciences]], [[National Center for Education Statistics]]. |date=March 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507204401/http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009020.pdf |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The overall region also hosts many public high schools, some of which have been described as among the most prestigious in the country.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/national-rankings |title=U.S. News & World Report Best High Schools National Rankings |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505033840/http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/national-rankings |archive-date=May 5, 2016 }}</ref>

===Attainment===
According to the 2010 [[American Community Survey]], of the 14,973,063 persons in this area over 25 years of age, 14.8% (2,216,578) had a graduate or professional degree, 21.1% (3,166,037) had a [[bachelor's degree]], 6.4% (962,007) had an [[associate degree]], 16.0% (2,393,990) had some college education but no degree, 26.8% (4,009,901) had a high school diploma or equivalent, 14.8% (2,224,557) had less than a high school education.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table | archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212624/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table | url-status=dead | archive-date=February 12, 2020 | title=SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | access-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref> In 2010, CNN Money ranked the area as one of the top 10 smartest regions in the United States.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/2010/10/01/pf/college/Americas_brainiest_cities/index.htm | title=America's brainiest places to live | website=CNN Money | date=October 1, 2010 | access-date=November 16, 2011 | author=Christie, Les | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116145016/http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/01/pf/college/Americas_brainiest_cities/index.htm | archive-date=November 16, 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:R160 E enters 42nd Street.jpg|thumb|The [[New York City Subway]] is the world's largest [[rapid transit]] system by length of routes and by number of [[train station|stations]].]]
[[File:PATH Kawasaki 5602c.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH)]] rapid transit rail system connects Manhattan and metropolitan [[North Jersey]] beneath the Hudson River.]]
[[File:Acela Express and Metro-North railcar.jpg|thumb|right|An [[Acela Express]] train going to New York. The Acela Express, operated by [[Amtrak]] through the [[Northeast Corridor]], is the sole [[high-speed rail]] service in the country.]]
The depth and intricacy of the transportation network in the New York region parallels the size and complexity of the metropolis itself.

In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan statistical area (New York MSA) had the lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (56.9 percent), with 18.9 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the New York MSA had a 2.2 percent decline of workers commuting by automobile.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf |title= Who Drives to Work? Commuting by Automobile in the United States: 2013 |series= American Survey Reports |access-date= December 26, 2017 |date= August 2015 |author= McKenzie, Brian |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171221064610/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf |archive-date= December 21, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Rail===
About one in every three users of [[mass transit]] in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web |title=The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603102032/http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Commuting in America III: Commuting Facts |author=Pisarski, Alan |publisher=Transportation Research Board |date=October 16, 2006 |url=http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113215501/http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====New York City Subway====
{{main|New York City Subway}}
The [[New York City Subway]] is the largest [[rapid transit system]] in the world when measured by stations in operation, with {{NYCS const|number|total}}, and by length of routes. In 2006 it was the third largest when measured by annual ridership (1.5&nbsp;billion passenger trips in 2006),<ref>{{cite web |title=The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |access-date=September 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603102032/http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in 2013, the subway delivered over 1.71 billion rides,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/159176/mta--subway-ridership-at-highest-level-since-1950| title=MTA: Subway Ridership At Highest Level Since 1950| work=[[NY1]]| date=April 10, 2012| access-date=April 11, 2012| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414235013/http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/159176/mta--subway-ridership-at-highest-level-since-1950| archive-date=April 14, 2012| df=mdy-all}}</ref> but slipped to being the [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides|seventh busiest rapid transit rail system]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm| title=(New York City) Subways (Facts and Figures under title of Annual Subway Ridership)| work=MTA.info| date=April 2, 2013| access-date=April 2, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622005105/http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm| archive-date=June 22, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>  New York's subway is also notable because nearly the entire system remains open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including [[MTR|Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/getting_around/service_hours.html |title=Service Hours |publisher=[[MTR]] |access-date=September 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929044142/http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/getting_around/service_hours.html |archive-date=September 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/hongkong/transportation/metro-tsuenwan-line.htm |title=Tsuen Wan Line |publisher=TravelChinaGuide.com |access-date=September 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020051225/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/hongkong/transportation/metro-tsuenwan-line.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[London Underground|London]], [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/Eng/Subway/Train/Station_select.jsp?main=Y|title=Train Time Table – Search station|publisher=[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]|access-date=September 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216194130/http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/Eng/Subway/Train/Station_select.jsp?main=Y|archive-date=February 16, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/cyberStation/main2.jsp?lang=e#|title=Subway map|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation|access-date=September 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414225109/http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/cyberStation/main2.jsp?lang=e|archive-date=April 14, 2012}}</ref> [[Tokyo Subway|Tokyo]], and [[Toronto Subway and RT|Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.narcity.com/toronto/toronto-transit-users-want-subway-to-start-earlier-heres-what-ttc-has-to-say|title=Toronto Transit Users Want The Subway To Start Earlier & Here's What The TTC Has To Say|last=McGinn|first=Stuart|date=October 31, 2022|website=Narcity|publisher=Narcity Media|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=October 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013204753/https://www.narcity.com/toronto/toronto-transit-users-want-subway-to-start-earlier-heres-what-ttc-has-to-say|url-status=live}}</ref>

====PATH====
{{main|PATH (rail system)}}
[[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] is a [[rapid transit]] system connecting the cities of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[Harrison, New Jersey|Harrison]], [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], in metropolitan northern [[New Jersey]], with the [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]] and [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]] sections of [[Manhattan]] in New York City. The PATH is operated by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.<ref name="PATH-Timetable">{{Cite web|url=https://www.panynj.gov/path/pdf/path-map-schedule-english_sept17.pdf|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|title=PATH Timetable, Map and Guide|date=September 2017|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508143304/http://www.panynj.gov/path/pdf/path-map-schedule-english_sept17.pdf|archive-date=May 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The system has a total route length of {{convert|13.8|mi|abbr=on}}, not double-counting route overlaps.<ref name="WTC-progress">{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/pdf/Feb2010-WTC-Progress-Newsletter.pdf|title=World Trade Center Progress|date=February 2010|website=panynj.gov|publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|page=2|access-date=August 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103440/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/pdf/Feb2010-WTC-Progress-Newsletter.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Commuter rail====
The metropolitan area is also fundamentally defined by the areas from which people commute into New York. The city is served by three primary [[commuter rail]] systems, and is provided [[intercity rail]] transit with [[Amtrak]].

The [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR), the busiest [[commuter rail in North America|commuter railroad in the United States]] as of 2015,<ref name="APTA-2015-Q4">{{cite web | url = http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2015-q4-ridership-APTA.pdf | title = Public Transportation Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2015 | publisher = [[American Public Transportation Association]] (APTA) | date = March 2, 2016 | access-date = August 29, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006082644/http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2015-q4-ridership-APTA.pdf | archive-date = October 6, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> is operated by the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA), an agency of the [[Government of New York (state)|State Government of New York]] that focuses on New York City-area transit). It has two major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in [[Midtown Manhattan]] and [[Atlantic Terminal]] in [[Downtown Brooklyn]], with a minor terminal at the [[Long Island City (LIRR station)|Long Island City]] station and a major transfer point at the [[Jamaica (LIRR station)|Jamaica]] station in [[Queens]].

[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|New Jersey Transit]] (NJT), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,<ref name="APTA-2015-Q4"/> is operated by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of the state of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North Railroad and Amtrak. It has major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, Hoboken Terminal, and [[Pennsylvania Station (Newark)|Newark Pennsylvania Station]], with a major transfer point at [[Secaucus Junction]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]]. New Jersey Transit also operates the [[Hudson–Bergen Light Rail]] through Hudson County, the [[Newark Light Rail]], and the [[River Line (New Jersey Transit)|River Line]] that runs along tracks shared with [[Conrail Shared Assets Operations]] from Trenton to [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] in [[South Jersey]]. NJ Transit also has commuter buses operating in and out of Manhattan.

[[Metro-North Railroad]] (MNRR), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,<ref name="APTA-2015-Q4"/> is also operated by the MTA, in conjunction with the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]] and [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|New Jersey Transit]]. Its major terminal is [[Grand Central Terminal]]. Trains on the [[Port Jervis Line]] and [[Pascack Valley Line]] terminate at [[Hoboken Terminal]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]]; commuters may transfer at either [[Secaucus Junction]] for New Jersey Transit trains to [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|New York Pennsylvania Station]] or at Hoboken Terminal for [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] trains into Manhattan.

Amtrak's [[Northeast Corridor]] offers service to [[Philadelphia]], New Haven, and other points between and including [[Boston]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] 
 
Major stations in the metropolitan area include:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! valign=bottom | Station
! valign=bottom | Railroad(s)
! valign=bottom | State
! valign=bottom | County
! class="unsortable" style="vertical-align:bottom;"| Type
|-
|[[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|New York Pennsylvania Station]]
|[[Amtrak]], [[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]], [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]]
|Terminal and Transfer
|-
|[[Grand Central Terminal]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]]
|Terminal
|-
|[[Pennsylvania Station (Newark)|Newark Pennsylvania Station]]
|[[Amtrak]], [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]], [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]]
|[[New Jersey|NJ]]
|[[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]]
|Transfer
|-
|[[Hoboken Terminal]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]], [[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]]
|[[New Jersey|NJ]]
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]]
|Terminal
|-
|[[Atlantic Terminal]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Brooklyn|Kings]]
|Terminal
|-
|[[Stamford Transportation Center|Stamford Station]]
|[[Amtrak]], [[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[Shore Line East]]
|[[Connecticut|CT]]
|[[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]]
|Terminal and Transfer
|-
|[[Hunterspoint Avenue (LIRR station)|Hunterspoint Avenue]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Queens]]
|Terminal
|-
|[[Woodside (LIRR station)|Woodside Station]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Queens]]
|Transfer
|-
|[[Jamaica (LIRR station)|Jamaica Station]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[New York (state)|NY]]
|[[Queens]]
|Transfer
|-
|[[Secaucus Junction]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]], [[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[New Jersey|NJ]]
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]]
|Transfer
|-
|[[Union Station (New Haven, Connecticut)|New Haven Union Station]]
|[[Amtrak]], [[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[Shore Line East]], [[CT Rail]]
|[[Connecticut|CT]]
|[[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|Terminal and Transfer
|-
|[[Trenton Transit Center|Trenton Station]]
|[[Amtrak]], [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]], [[SEPTA]]
|[[New Jersey|NJ]]
|[[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]]
|Terminal and Transfer
|}

The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia metropolitan area]]. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! valign=bottom | Line or Branch
! valign=bottom | Railroad
! valign=bottom | Counties
|-
|[[Far Rockaway Branch|Far Rockaway]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Brooklyn|Kings]], [[Queens]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[Long Beach Branch|Long Beach]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[Montauk Branch|Montauk]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|-
|[[Babylon Branch|Babylon]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|-
|[[West Hempstead Branch|West Hempstead]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Brooklyn|Kings]] (weekdays), [[Queens]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[Hempstead Branch|Hempstead]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Brooklyn|Kings]], [[Queens]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[Ronkonkoma Branch|Ronkonkoma]] <small>([[Main Line (Long Island Rail Road)|Main Line]])</small>
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|-
|[[Port Jefferson Branch|Port Jefferson]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|-
|[[Oyster Bay Branch|Oyster Bay]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[Port Washington Branch|Port Washington]]
|[[Long Island Rail Road|LIRR]]
|[[Queens]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|-
|[[New Haven Line|New Haven]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[Amtrak]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[The Bronx|Bronx]], [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]], [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|-
|[[Danbury Branch|Danbury]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]]
|-
|[[New Canaan Branch|New Canaan]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]]
|-
|[[Waterbury Branch|Waterbury]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]], [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|-
|[[Harlem Line|Harlem]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[The Bronx|Bronx]], [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]]
|-
|[[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[Amtrak]]
|[[The Bronx|Bronx]], [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]]
|-
|[[Pascack Valley Line|Pascack Valley]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]]
|-
|[[Port Jervis Line (Metro-North)|Port Jervis]] / [[Main Line (NJ Transit)|Main Line]] / [[Bergen County Line|Bergen County]]
|[[Metro-North Railroad|MNRR]], [[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]], [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
|-
|[[Montclair-Boonton Line|Montclair–Boonton]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]], [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]], [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris]], [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]]
|-
|Morris & Essex ([[Morristown Line]] and [[Gladstone Branch]])
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]], [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]], [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris]], [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset]], [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]]
|-
|[[Raritan Valley Line|Raritan Valley]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]], [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]], [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset]], [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon]]
|-
|[[Northeast Corridor Line|Northeast Corridor]] and [[Princeton Branch]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]], [[Amtrak]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]], [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]], [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]]
|-
|[[North Jersey Coast Line|North Jersey Coast]]
|[[New Jersey Transit Rail Operations|NJT]]
|[[Manhattan|New York]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]], [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]], [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]], [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth]], [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean]]
|-
|[[Shore Line East]]
|[[CT Rail]], [[Amtrak]]
|[[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]], [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|-
|[[Hartford Line|Hartford]]
|[[CT Rail]], [[Amtrak]]
|[[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
|}

===Major highways===
The following highways serve the region:
[[File:George Washington Bridge, on a late winter afternoon.jpg|thumb|right|The [[George Washington Bridge]], connecting [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in Upper Manhattan across the Hudson River to Fort Lee in Bergen County, New Jersey, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html |access-date=September 13, 2013 |title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – George Washington Bridge |publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920192211/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html |archive-date=September 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=abcgwb>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|author1=Bod Woodruff|author2=Lana Zak|author3=Stephanie Wash|name-list-style=amp|publisher=ABC News|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=September 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928002159/http://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Interstate 95]] and [[U.S. Route 1/9]] cross the river via the bridge, while [[U.S. Route 46]], which lies entirely within New Jersey, ends halfway across the bridge at the state border with New York.]]
[[File:Walkway Over the Hudson 4.JPG|thumb|The [[Poughkeepsie Bridge|Walkway over the Hudson]], the world's longest [[pedestrian]] bridge,<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-10000/longest-footbridge/ |title=Guinness World Records 2014 – Officially Amazing |access-date=December 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211064936/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-10000/longest-footbridge/ |archive-date=December 11, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> connects [[Ulster County|Ulster]] and [[Dutchess County|Dutchess]] counties in New York.]]

====Interstates====
[[File:I-495 (NY) 4.JPG|right|thumb|The [[Long Island Expressway|Long Island Expressway (I-495)]], viewing eastbound in [[Corona, Queens]].]]
* {{jct|country=USA|I|78}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|80}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|84|dab1=east}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|87}}
* {{jct|state=CT|I|91}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|95}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|I|195}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|278}} – serves as southern [[beltway]] around New York City
* {{jct|state=NJ|I|280}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|287}} – serves as northern [[beltway]] around New York City
* {{jct|state=NY|I|295}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|I|295}} – serves as a northern partial [[beltway]] around Trenton in [[Mercer County, NJ]]
* {{jct|state=NY|I|478}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|495}} − also known as Long Island Expressway or LIE
* {{jct|state=NY|I|678}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|684}}
* {{jct|country=USA|I|695|dab1=New York}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|878}} – unsigned

====U.S. Routes====
* {{jct|country=USA|US|1}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|5}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|6}}
* {{jct|state=CT|US|7}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|9}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|22}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|44}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|US|46}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|US|130}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|202}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|206}}
* {{jct|country=USA|US|209}}

====State Routes====
[[File:Driscoll-Viesser-Edison Bridges - August 30, 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Governor Alfred E. Driscoll Bridge]] in [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]] connects [[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]] and [[Sayreville, New Jersey|Sayreville]], New Jersey across the [[Raritan River]].]]
[[File:CT15sRoad-Exit44-CT58 (39144462790).jpg|thumb|[[Merritt Parkway]] southbound in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]], Connecticut.]]
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|3}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|4}}
* {{jct|state=CT|CT|8}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|9A}}
* {{jct|state=CT|CT|15}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|17}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|18}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|21}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|23}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|24}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|24}}              
* {{jct|state=CT|CT|25}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|25}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|27}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|27}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|28}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|29}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|31}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|33}}                                                                                                                           
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|34}}                                                                                                                         
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|35}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|36}}               
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|53}}          
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|62}}                                                                                                                                     
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|139}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|208}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|440|NJ|440}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|495}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|895}}

====Other limited-access roads====
[[File:2021-05-27 13 39 15 View south along the northbound lanes of New Jersey State Route 444 (Garden State Parkway) from the overpass for the Capital to the Coast Trail in Wall Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|View south along the northbound lanes of the [[Garden State Parkway]] from the overpass for the [[Capital to Coast Trail]] in [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]], [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]], [[New Jersey]].]]
Some of these roads have a numerical designation assigned to it:
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Belt}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Bronx River}}
* {{jct|state=CT|CTTP}} (part of I-95)
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Cross Island}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|FDR}}
* {{jct|state=NJ|GSP}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Grand Central}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Harlem River}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Henry Hudson}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Hutchinson River}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Jackie Robinson}} (formerly: ''Interboro Parkway'')
* {{jct|state=CT|Merritt}} (part of Route 15)
* {{jct|state=NJ|NJTP}} (part of I-95)
* {{jct|state=NY|NYST}} (part of I-87)
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Northern}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Palisades}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Saw Mill}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Southern}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Sprain Brook}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Taconic State}}

====Named bridges and tunnels====
[[File:Brooklyn Bridge NYC August 16, 2010.JPG|thumb|The [[Brooklyn Bridge]] connects [[Manhattan]] and [[Brooklyn]].]]
[[File:Verrazano.jpg|thumb|[[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]], one of the world's longest [[suspension bridge]]s,<ref name="infoplease.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html|title=Longest Suspension Bridges in the World|publisher=Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease|access-date=September 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810050845/http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html|archive-date=August 10, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Verrazano-Narrows Bridge"/> connects [[Brooklyn]] and [[Staten Island]] across [[The Narrows]].]]
[[File:GreatSouth-B-B.jpg|thumb|[[Great South Bay Bridge]], in [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]], connects [[Long Island]] with the [[barrier island]]s across the [[Great South Bay]].]]
* [[Alexander Hamilton Bridge]] connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95
* [[Basilone Bridge]] (part of I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike)
* [[Chaplain Washington–Harry Laderman Bridge]] (part of I-95 and NJ Turnpike)
* [[Bayonne Bridge]] (part of NY 440 and NJ 440), underwent a $1 billion project to raise the roadway by 64 feet to 215 feet to allow taller [[container ship]]s to pass underneath to access [[seaport]]s in New York City and northern New Jersey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/07/18/port-authority-bayonne-bridge-project-6-months-ahead-of-schedule/|title=Port Authority: Bayonne Bridge Project 6 Months Ahead Of Schedule|publisher=CBS New York|date=July 18, 2012|access-date=September 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524030142/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/07/18/port-authority-bayonne-bridge-project-6-months-ahead-of-schedule/|archive-date=May 24, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bear Mountain Bridge]] (part of US 6 and US 202)
* [[Bronx–Whitestone Bridge]] (part of I-678) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens.
* [[Brooklyn Bridge]], iconic of New York and designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] by the [[U.S. National Park Service]] on January 29, 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=376&ResourceType=Structure |title=Brooklyn Bridge – National Historic Landmarks Program |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |access-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128053708/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=376&ResourceType=Structure |archive-date=November 28, 2002 }}</ref> Connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (at Park Row and City Hall).
* [[Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel]] (part of I-478), officially renamed the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, in honor of the former New York State governor – connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (financial district).
* [[Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge]] (part of I-80 crossing the [[Delaware River]])
* [[Driscoll Bridge]] (part of the Garden State Parkway), with a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes<ref name="TOLLROADSnews, Peter Samuel">{{cite web|url=http://www.tollroadsnews.com/node/1492 |title=Garden State Parkway opens world's widest bridge – 15 lanes |publisher=TOLLROADSnews, Peter Samuel |date=April 11, 2006 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323215304/https://www.tollroadsnews.com/node/1492 |archive-date=March 23, 2012 }}</ref> and one of the world's busiest.
* [[Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge]] (part of NY 25) – renamed in honor of former New York Mayor Edward I. Koch, also known informally as the "59th Street Bridge". Connects Queens and the east side of Manhattan.
* [[George Washington Bridge]] (part of I-95 and US 1-9/46), the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge<ref name="panynj.gov"/><ref name=abcgwb/> and one of the world's widest, with 14 lanes.<ref name="TOLLROADSnews, Peter Samuel"/>
* [[Goethals Bridge]] (part of I-278)
* [[Great South Bay Bridge]], Long Island
* [[Heroes Tunnel]] (formerly the West Rock Tunnel) (part of CT 15)
* [[Holland Tunnel]] (part of I-78 and [[New Jersey Route 139|NJ 139]])
* [[Lincoln Tunnel]] (part of Route 495)
* [[Manhattan Bridge]], connecting Brooklyn to [[Chinatown, Manhattan]], carries four tracks of the {{NYCS trains|Manhattan Bridge}} of the New York City Subway, in addition to seven lanes of traffic.
* [[Mid-Hudson Bridge]] (part of US 44 and NY 55)
* [[Newark Bay Bridge]] (part of I-78)
* [[New Hope – Lambertville Toll Bridge]] (part of US 202 crossing the [[Delaware River]])
* [[Newburgh–Beacon Bridge]] (part of I-84 and NY 52)
* [[Otisville Tunnel]] (takes the [[Metro-North Railroad]] [[Port Jervis Line]] through the [[Shawangunk Ridge]] in [[Orange County, New York]])
* [[Outerbridge Crossing]] (part of NY 440 and NJ 440)
* [[Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Connecticut)|Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge]] (part of I-95 and the Connecticut Turnpike)
* [[Poughkeepsie Bridge]], also known as Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest [[pedestrian]] bridge,<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com"/> connecting [[Ulster County|Ulster]] and [[Dutchess County|Dutchess]] counties in New York 
* [[Pulaski Skyway]] (part of US 1–9)
* [[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]] (part of I-495) – connects Queens and Midtown Manhattan.
* [[Scudder Falls Bridge]] (part of I-295 crossing the [[Delaware River]])
* [[Sikorsky Memorial Bridge]] (part of CT 15 Merritt & Wilbur Cross Parkways)
* [[Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)|Tappan Zee Bridge]] (part of I-87, I-287, and the New York State Thruway), the longest bridge in New York State; underwent a $4 billion replacement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lohud.com/article/20121217/NEWS03/312170096/It-s-official-State-picks-builder-new-Tappan-Zee-Bridge |title=It's official: State picks builder for new Tappan Zee Bridge |author1=Khurram Saeed |author2=Theresa Juva-Brown |name-list-style=amp |publisher=lohud.com |date=December 17, 2012 |access-date=December 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010000559/http://www.lohud.com/article/20121217/NEWS03/312170096/It-s-official-State-picks-builder-new-Tappan-Zee-Bridge |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Edison Bridge (New Jersey)|Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Bridge]] (part of US 9)
* [[Throgs Neck Bridge]] (part of I-295) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens (at the western end of Long Island Sound).
* [[Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge]] (part of US 1)
* [[Triborough Bridge]] (part of I-278), officially renamed the Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) Bridge – connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Queens (hence its name).
* [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] (part of I-278), the longest [[suspension bridge]] in the [[Americas]] and one of the longest in the world (formerly the world's longest) – connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn.<ref name="infoplease.com"/><ref name="Verrazano-Narrows Bridge">{{cite web |url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/ |title=Verrazano–Narrows Bridge |publisher=Eastern Roads |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903052010/http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/ |archive-date=September 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge]] (part of I-280)
* [[Williamsburg Bridge]], carries 2 tracks of the {{NYCS trains|Williamsburg}} of the New York City Subway, in addition to 8 lanes of traffic – connects [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]], Brooklyn, and the [[Lower East Side]] or Manhattan.

===Commuter bus===
[[New Jersey Transit]], [[Academy Bus]], [[Coach USA]], [[Spanish Transportation]], [[Trailways of New York]], and several other companies operate commuter coaches into the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] in Manhattan, and many other bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station.

===Major airports===
{{main|Aviation in the New York metropolitan area}}
[[File:JFK airtrain.jpg|thumb|right|The [[AirTrain (JFK)|AirTrain]] at [[JFK International Airport]] in [[Jamaica, Queens]] in April 2007]]
[[File:Newark Airport ewr.JPG|thumb|right|View of [[Manhattan]] from the [[Airtrain Newark|Airtrain]] at [[Newark Liberty International Airport]] in November 2015]]
The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport]], and [[LaGuardia Airport]]; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016, and the metropolitan area's airspace is the busiest in the nation.<ref name=NYMetroAirspace>{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf-traffic/ATR2016.pdf|title=The Port Authority of NY and NJ 2016 Air Traffic Report|publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|date=April 14, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525172312/http://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf-traffic/ATR2016.pdf|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! valign=bottom | Airport
! valign=bottom | [[IATA airport code|IATA code]]
! valign=bottom | [[ICAO airport code|ICAO code]]
! valign=bottom | [[County (United States)|County]]
! valign=bottom | State
|-
| [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]
| JFK
| KJFK
| [[Queens]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
|-
| [[Newark Liberty International Airport]]
| EWR
| KEWR
| [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex]]/[[Union County, New Jersey|Union]]
| [[New Jersey]]
|-
| [[LaGuardia Airport]]
| LGA
| KLGA
| [[Queens]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
|}

The following smaller airports are also in the metro area and provide daily commercial service:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! valign=bottom | Airport
! valign=bottom | [[IATA airport code|IATA code]]
! valign=bottom | [[ICAO airport code|ICAO code]]
! valign=bottom | [[County (United States)|County]]
! valign=bottom | State
|-
| [[Long Island MacArthur Airport]]
| ISP
| KISP
| [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
|-
| [[Stewart International Airport]]
| SWF
| KSWF
| [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
|-
| [[Trenton–Mercer Airport]]
| TTN
| KTTN
| [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]]
| [[New Jersey]]
|-
| [[Tweed New Haven Regional Airport]]
| HVN
| KHVN
| [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
| [[Connecticut]]
|-
| [[Westchester County Airport]]
| HPN
| KHPN
| [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
|-
|[[Brookhaven Airport]]
|WSH
|KHWV
|[[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|[[New York (state)|New York]]
|}

===Commuter usage===
According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 54.3% (5,476,169) of commuters used a car or other private vehicle alone, 7.0% (708,788) used a carpool, 27.0% (2,721,372) used public transportation, 5.5% (558,434) walked to work, 2.0% (200,448) used some other means of transportation such as a bicycle to get to work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP03&prodType=table|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160213193529/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP03&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 13, 2016|title=SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|publisher=US Census Bureau|date=2010|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref>

==Culture and contemporary life==
{{main|New York City#Culture}}
[[File:Metropolitan museum of art 2.jpg|thumb|[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], part of [[Museum Mile, New York City|Museum Mile]] in the [[Carnegie Hill]] neighborhood of Manhattan's [[Upper East Side]], is one of the largest and most visited museums in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/en/about-the-museum/press-room/general-information?pg=1&rpp=50|title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art General Information|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=September 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418232003/http://metmuseum.org/en/about-the-museum/press-room/general-information?rpp=50&pg=1|archive-date=April 18, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Citi Field 2011.JPG|thumb|[[Citi Field]] in [[Flushing, Queens]], home of the [[New York Mets]]]]
[[File:Yankee Stadium upper deck 2010.jpg|thumb|[[Yankee Stadium]] in the [[South Bronx]], home of the [[New York Yankees]] and [[New York City FC]]]]
[[File:New Meadowlands Stadium Mezz Corner.jpg|thumb|[[MetLife Stadium]] in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]], home to the [[New York Giants]] and [[New York Jets]], was the most expensive stadium ever built,<ref name="Esteban"/> at approximately $1.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ken |last=Belson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/sports/football/09stadium.html |title=New Stadium, a Football Palace, Opens Saturday With Lacrosse |date=April 8, 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413043347/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/sports/football/09stadium.html |archive-date=April 13, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Tsq green chairs jeh.jpg|thumb|''[[Travel + Leisure]]'' magazine's October 2011 survey named [[Times Square]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], iconified as the "Crossroads of the World",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pbskids.org/bigapplehistory/arts/topic15.html|title=Big Apple History Arts and Entertainment The Crossroads of the World|publisher=Thirteen/WNET New York 2005 Educational Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=September 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105113922/http://pbskids.org/bigapplehistory/arts/topic15.html|archive-date=January 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timessquarenyc.org/|title=Crossroads of the world – Times Square the official website of Times Square|publisher=Times Square District Management Association, Inc|access-date=September 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221011005/http://www.timessquarenyc.org/|archive-date=February 21, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyctourist.com/times-square.php|title=Times Square New York, NY Times Square|publisher=2011 NYCTourist.com|access-date=September 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421024226/http://www.nyctourist.com/times-square.php|archive-date=April 21, 2012|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timessquare.com/NYC__/NYC_Stories/_The_Big_Apple%E2%80%99s_economic_hub/|title=Times Square Crossroads of the World New York City Info|author=Aditya Rangroo|publisher=(C) 1980 – 2010 TimesSquare.com A Dataware Corporation Company|date=October 14, 2010|access-date=September 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722182815/http://www.timessquare.com/NYC__/NYC_Stories/_The_Big_Apple%E2%80%99s_economic_hub/|archive-date=July 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|title=New York in the 70s: A Remembrance|author=Allan Tannenbaum|date= February 2004|publisher= The Digital Journalist|access-date= September 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320194616/http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|archive-date=March 20, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the world's most visited tourist attraction with over 39 million visitors annually.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2| title=World's Most-Visited Tourist Attractions No. 1: Times Square, New York City| publisher=American Express Publishing Corporation| author=Joshua Pramis| date=October 2011| access-date=September 3, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201080931/http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2| archive-date=February 1, 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>]]
New York has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the [[consul (representative)|diplomatic consulates]] of [[Iceland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/|title=Consulate General of Iceland New York Culture|publisher=Consulate General of Iceland New York|access-date=September 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205061848/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/|archive-date=February 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Latvia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/|title=Consulate of Latvia in New York|publisher=Consulate of Latvia|access-date=September 10, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208223706/http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/|archive-date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> and by New York's own [[Baruch College]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm |title=Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture |publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business, Baruch College/CUNY 2011 |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505181316/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm |archive-date=May 5, 2013 }}</ref> A book containing a series of essays titled ''New York, culture capital of the world, 1940–1965'' has also been published as showcased by the [[National Library of Australia]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|title=New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton&nbsp;... [et al.]|year=1988 |publisher=NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA|isbn=9780847809905 |access-date=September 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113185405/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|archive-date=January 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tom Wolfe]] has quoted regarding New York's culture that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."<ref>{{cite press release |title=Speeches: Tom Christopher Exhibit Opening |publisher=Consulate General of the United States: Frankfurt, Germany |date=May 9, 2007 |url=http://frankfurt.usconsulate.gov/frankfurt/speech05092007b.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723115555/http://frankfurt.usconsulate.gov/frankfurt/speech05092007.html |archive-date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

Although Manhattan remains the epicenter of cultural life in the metropolitan area, the entire region is replete with prominent cultural institutions, with artistic performances and ethnically oriented events receiving international attention throughout the year.

===Sports teams===
{{further|Sports in the New York metropolitan area}}{{see also|Soccer in the New York metropolitan area}}
The New York metropolitan area is home to the [[headquarters]] of the [[National Football League]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Football_League.f36bd60db3fbcb01.html|title=National Football League Company Information|publisher=Hoover's, Inc|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003053927/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Football_League.f36bd60db3fbcb01.html|archive-date=October 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Major League Baseball]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Baseball.690243a73fc37ae4.html|title=Major League Baseball Company Information|publisher=Hoover's, Inc|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321230833/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Baseball.690243a73fc37ae4.html|archive-date=March 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[National Basketball Association]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Basketball_Association_Inc.9752d99632cf8a45.html|title=National Basketball Association, Inc. Company Information|publisher=Hoover's, Inc|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518074609/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Basketball_Association_Inc.9752d99632cf8a45.html|archive-date=May 18, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[National Hockey League]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Hockey_League.6eb8cbd895fc6ce9.html|title=National Hockey League Company Information|publisher=Hoover's, Inc|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521084506/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Hockey_League.6eb8cbd895fc6ce9.html|archive-date=May 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Major League Soccer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Soccer_LLC.0432cbf68c309307.html|title=Major League Soccer, L.L.C. Company Information|publisher=Hoovers, Inc|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928015249/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Soccer_LLC.0432cbf68c309307.html|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Four of the ten most expensive [[stadium]]s ever built worldwide ([[MetLife Stadium]], the new [[Yankee Stadium]], [[Madison Square Garden]], and [[Citi Field]]) are located in the New York metropolitan area.<ref name = Esteban>{{cite web|url=http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/10/27/11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world/|title=11 Most Expensive Stadiums In The World|publisher=Total Pro Sports|author=Esteban|date=October 27, 2011|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827201315/http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/10/27/11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world/|archive-date=August 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area has the [[List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises|highest total number of professional sports teams]] in these five leagues.

Listing of the professional sports teams in the New York metropolitan area:
* [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA)
** [[Brooklyn Nets]] ([[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]])
** [[New York Knicks]] ([[Manhattan]], New York City)
* [[National Women's Soccer League]] (NWSL)
** [[NJ/NY Gotham FC]] ([[Harrison, New Jersey]])
* [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA)
** [[New York Liberty]] ([[Brooklyn]], New York City)
* [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB)
** [[New York Mets]] ([[Queens]], New York City)
** [[New York Yankees]] ([[The Bronx]], New York City)
* [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS)
** [[New York City FC]] (The Bronx, New York City)
** [[New York Red Bulls]] ([[Harrison, New Jersey]])
* [[Minor League Baseball]] (MiLB)
** [[Eastern League (1938–2020)|Eastern League]] ([[Class AA#Double-A|AA]])
*** [[Trenton Thunder]] ([[New York Yankees|Yankees]]) ([[Trenton, New Jersey]])
** [[South Atlantic League]] ([[Class A (baseball)#Class A|A]])
*** [[Jersey Shore BlueClaws]] ([[Philadelphia Phillies|Phillies]]) ([[Lakewood Township, New Jersey]])
*** [[Brooklyn Cyclones]] ([[New York Mets|Mets]]) (Brooklyn, New York City)
*** [[Hudson Valley Renegades]] ([[Tampa Bay Rays|Rays]]) ([[Fishkill (town), New York|Fishkill, New York]])
* [[Atlantic League of Professional Baseball]] (ALPB)
** [[Staten Island FerryHawks]] ([[Staten Island]], New York City)
** [[Bridgeport Bluefish]] ([[Bridgeport, Connecticut]])
** [[Long Island Ducks]] ([[Central Islip, New York]])
** [[Somerset Patriots]] ([[Bridgewater Township, New Jersey]])
* [[Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball]] (CanAm League)
** [[New Jersey Jackals]] ([[Little Falls, New Jersey]])
** [[Newark Bears]] ([[Newark, New Jersey]])
** [[Rockland Boulders]] ([[Pomona, New York]])
* [[National Football League]] (NFL)
** [[New York Giants]] ([[East Rutherford, New Jersey]])
** [[New York Jets]] (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
* [[National Hockey League]] (NHL)
** [[New Jersey Devils]] (Newark, New Jersey)
** [[New York Islanders]] (Elmont, New York)
** [[New York Rangers]] (Manhattan, New York City)
* [[American Hockey League]] (AHL)
** [[Bridgeport Sound Tigers]] ([[New York Islanders|Islanders]]) (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
* [[Professional Women's Hockey League]] (PWHL)
** [[New York Sirens]] (Newark, New Jersey)
* [[Major League Lacrosse]] (outdoor) (MLL)
** [[New York Lizards]] ([[Hempstead, New York]])
* [[North American Rugby League]] (NARL)
* [[College sports]] ([[Division I (NCAA)|NCAA Division I]])
** [[Army Black Knights]] ([[West Point, New York]])
** [[Columbia Lions|Columbia University Lions]] (Manhattan, New York City)
** [[Fairfield Stags|Fairfield University Stags]] ([[Fairfield, Connecticut]])
** [[Fairleigh Dickinson Knights|Fairleigh Dickinson University Knights]] ([[Teaneck, New Jersey]])
** [[Fordham Rams|Fordham University Rams]] (The Bronx, New York City)
** [[Hofstra Pride|Hofstra University Pride]] (Hempstead, New York)
** [[Iona Gaels|Iona College Gaels]] ([[New Rochelle, New York]])
** [[Long Island Blackbirds|Long Island University Blackbirds]] (Brooklyn, New York City)
** [[Manhattan Jaspers and Lady Jaspers|Manhattan College Jaspers and Lady Jaspers]] (The Bronx, New York City)
** [[Marist Red Foxes|Marist College Red Foxes]] ([[Poughkeepsie (town), New York|Poughkeepsie, New York]])
** [[Monmouth Hawks|Monmouth University Hawks]] ([[West Long Branch, New Jersey]])
** [[NJIT Highlanders|New Jersey Institute of Technology Highlanders]] (Newark, New Jersey)
** [[Princeton Tigers|Princeton University Tigers]] ([[Princeton, New Jersey]])
** [[Quinnipiac Bobcats|Quinnipiac University Bobcats]] ([[Hamden, Connecticut]])
** [[Rider Broncs|Rider University Broncs]] ([[Lawrenceville, New Jersey]])
** [[Rutgers Scarlet Knights|Rutgers University Scarlet Knights]] ([[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]] / [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]])
** [[Sacred Heart Pioneers|Sacred Heart University Pioneers]] (Fairfield, Connecticut)
** [[Saint Peter's Peacocks|Saint Peter's University Peacocks]] ([[Jersey City, New Jersey]])
** [[St. John's Red Storm|St. John's University Red Storm]] (Queens, New York City)
** [[Seton Hall Pirates|Seton Hall University Pirates]] ([[South Orange, New Jersey]])
** [[Stony Brook Seawolves|Stony Brook University Seawolves]] ([[Stony Brook, New York]])
** [[Wagner Seahawks|Wagner College Seahawks]] (Staten Island, New York City)
** [[Yale Bulldogs|Yale University Bulldogs]] ([[New Haven, Connecticut]])

===Media===
{{Main|Media in New York City}}
The New York metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies, subsidiaries, and publications, including [[Thomson Reuters]], [[The New York Times Company]], the [[Associated Press]], [[Warner Bros. Discovery]], [[NBCUniversal]], the [[Hearst Corporation]], [[Paramount Global]], [[News Corp]], the [[Fox Corporation]], [[The Wall Street Journal]], [[Fox News]], [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], and [[NBC]]. Local television channels broadcasting to the New York market include [[WCBS-TV]] 2 (CBS), [[WNBC]] 4 (NBC), [[WNYW]] 5 (FOX), [[WABC-TV]] 7 (ABC), [[WWOR-TV]] 9 (MyNetworkTV), [[WPIX]] 11 (CW), [[WNET]] 13 (PBS), [[WNYE-TV]] 25 (NYC Media) and [[WPXN-TV]] 31 ([[Ion Television|Ion]]). [[NY1]] is a 24/7 local news provider available only to [[cable television]] subscribers. Radio stations serving the area include: [[WNYC (AM)|WNYC]], [[WKCR]], [[WFMU]], [[WABC (AM)|WABC]], and [[WFAN (AM)|WFAN]]. Many television and radio stations use the top of the [[Empire State Building]] to broadcast their [[terrestrial television]] signals, while some media entities broadcast from studios in [[Times Square]].

The New York metropolitan area is extensive enough so that its own channels must compete with channels from neighboring television markets (including [[Philadelphia]], [[Wyoming Valley|Scranton/Wilkes-Barre]], and [[Hartford]]) within its outlying counties. Cable companies offer such competition in the Pennsylvania portion, Connecticut, and a few counties in central New Jersey.

===Theme parks===
====In New Jersey====
[[File:SFGadv Skyline.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.65|Skyline of [[Six Flags Great Adventure]] in [[Jackson Township, New Jersey]], the world's largest [[theme park]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://njtoday.net/2012/08/30/six-flags-great-adventure-to-become-the-worlds-largest-theme-park-in-2013 |publisher=njtoday.net |access-date=September 2, 2012 |date=August 30, 2012 |title=Six Flags Great Adventure To Become The World's Largest Theme Park In 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117072847/http://njtoday.net/2012/08/30/six-flags-great-adventure-to-become-the-worlds-largest-theme-park-in-2013/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> To the far left is [[Kingda Ka]], the world's tallest [[roller coaster]] until its closure in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainmentdesigner.com/news/theme-park-design-news/10-highest-roller-coasters-on-earth/ |title=10 Highest Roller Coasters on Earth |author=KarlFabricius |publisher=EntertainmentDesigner.com |date=September 20, 2010 |access-date=September 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915094300/http://entertainmentdesigner.com/news/theme-park-design-news/10-highest-roller-coasters-on-earth/ |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Main Park
!Other Parks
!Location
!Year Opened
|-
|[[Six Flags Great Adventure]]
|[[Six Flags Wild Safari]], [[Six Flags Hurricane Harbor]]
|[[Jackson, New Jersey|Jackson]]
|1974
|-
|[[Land of Make Believe (amusement park)|Land of Make Believe]]
|None
|[[Hope Township, New Jersey|Hope]]
|1954
|-
|[[Mountain Creek Waterpark]]
|None
|[[Vernon Township, New Jersey|Vernon]]
|1998
|}

====In New York State====
[[Coney Island]], in Brooklyn, is considered one of America's first amusement parks.

[[Playland (New York)|Playland]], in [[Rye, New York|Rye]], [[Westchester County]], has been open since 1928.

[[Legoland New York]], in [[Goshen, New York|Goshen]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]], opened in 2021.

Plans were unveiled by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on September 27, 2012, for the [[New York Wheel]], a giant [[Ferris wheel]], to be built at the northern shore of [[Staten Island]], overlooking the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[New York Harbor]], and the [[Lower Manhattan]] skyline.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/27/worlds-tallest-ferris-wheel-planned-for-staten-island/|title=World's Tallest Ferris Wheel Planned for Staten Island|author=James Barron|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 27, 2012|access-date=September 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929032418/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/27/worlds-tallest-ferris-wheel-planned-for-staten-island/|archive-date=September 29, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Area codes==
The area is served by at least 26 area codes:
{{div col}}
* [[Area code 212|212]]: Serves [[Manhattan]] and is [[Overlay plan|overlaid]] with [[Area code 646|646]], [[Area code 917|917]], and [[Area code 332|332]].
* [[Area code 718|718]]: Serves all other boroughs of New York City and is overlaid with [[Area code 347|347]], [[Area code 917|917]], and [[Area code 929|929]].
* [[Area code 917|917]]: Serves all of New York City.
* [[Area codes 516 and 363|516 & 363]]: Serve [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].
* [[Area codes 631 and 934|631 & 934]]: Serve [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]].
* [[Area code 914|914]]: Serves [[Westchester County]].
* [[Area code 845|845]]: Serves the [[Hudson Valley]] counties of southern New York State.
* [[Area code 570|570 & 272]]: Serves Pike County in [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[Area code 203 and 475|203 & 475]]: Serves southwestern [[Connecticut]].
* [[Area code 860 and 959|860 & 959]]: Serves the rest of Connecticut not served by 203 or 475.
* [[Area codes 201 and 551|201]]: Serves most of Bergen County, as well as parts of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic in [[North Jersey|Northern]] [[New Jersey]], and is overlaid with [[Area code 551|551]].
* [[Area code 973|973]]: Serves portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and portions of Union County in Northern New Jersey, and is overlaid with [[Area code 862|862]].
* [[Area code 908|908]]: Serves communities in Union County, Somerset County, northern parts of Middlesex County, Hunterdon County, Warren County, and Morris County as well as some cell phones in Monmouth County in [[Central Jersey|Central]] New Jersey.
* [[Area code 732|732]]: Serves Middlesex County, Somerset County, portions of Union County, Monmouth and northern Ocean counties in Central New Jersey; overlaid with [[Area code 848|848]].
* [[Area codes 609 and 640|609 & 640]]: Serves Mercer County and parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties in Central New Jersey.
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area]]
* [[Regional Plan Association]]
* [[Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area]]
* [[Transportation in New York City]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|collapsible=collapsed|voy=Metro New York}}
* [https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/phc-t3.html Government Census], Table 1.

{{New York metropolitan area}}
{{New York City}}
{{New York}}
{{New Jersey}}
{{Connecticut}}
{{Pennsylvania}}
{{USPopulousPSA}}
{{World's most populated urban areas}}
{{Northeast Megalopolis}}
{{Portal bar|United States|New York (state)|New Jersey|Connecticut|Pennsylvania|New York City}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New York Metropolitan Area}}
[[Category:New York metropolitan area| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of Connecticut]]
[[Category:Northeast megalopolis]]
[[Category:Putnam County, New York]]
[[Category:Regions of Connecticut]]
[[Category:Regions of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Regions of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Regions of Pennsylvania]]