View source for Nilo Cruz

{{short description|Cuban-American playwright and pedagogue|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Nilo Cruz
| image = Playwright Nilo Cruz. Photo by Matt Pilsner (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Matanzas, Cuba]]
| occupation = [[Playwright]], [[pedagogue]]
| nationality = [[Cuban-American]]
| education = [[Miami Dade College]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br>[[Brown University]] {{small|([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])}}
| notableworks = ''[[Two Sisters and a Piano]]''
| awards = {{nowrap|[[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]] (2003)}}
}}

'''Nilo Cruz''' is a [[Cuban-American]] [[playwright]] and [[pedagogue]]. With his award of the [[2003 Pulitzer Prize#Letters, Drama and Music Awards|2003]] [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]] for his play ''[[Anna in the Tropics]]'', he became the second Latino so honored, after [[Nicholas Dante]].<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Hilton Als | title=Ghosts and Hosts: Two Troubled Households | url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/01/23/060123crth_theatre | magazine=The New Yorker | date=23 January 2006 | access-date=2008-12-25}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early years===
Cruz was born in 1960 to Tina and Nilo Cruz, Sr. in [[Matanzas, Cuba]]. The family immigrated to [[Little Havana]] in [[Miami, Florida]], in 1970 on a Freedom Flight, and eventually naturalised to the United States. His interest in theater began with acting and directing in the early 1980s. He studied theater first at Miami-Dade Community College, later moving to New York City, where Cruz studied under fellow Cuban [[María Irene Fornés]]. Fornes recommended Cruz to [[Paula Vogel]] who was teaching at [[Brown University]] where he would later receive his M.F.A. in 1994.

===Career===
In 2001, Cruz served as the playwright-in-residence for the New Theatre in [[Coral Gables, Florida]], where he wrote ''[[Anna in the Tropics]]''.  Rafael de Acha, artistic director of the New Theatre, produced and directed the world premiere performance of ''Anna in the Tropics,'' which won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the Steinberg Award for Best New Play.

After the play was awarded the Pulitzer and Steinberg awards, Emily Mann directed a production at the [[McCarter Theatre]] in Princeton, New Jersey, and the play then had its Broadway premiere with [[Jimmy Smits]] in the lead role.

Some of the theatres that have developed and performed Cruz’s works include New York's [[Public Theater]], [[New York Theatre Workshop]], [[Pasadena Playhouse]], [[McCarter Theatre]], [[Oregon Shakespeare Festival]], [[South Coast Repertory]], [[Alliance Theatre|The Alliance]], [[New Theatre (Coral Gables)|New Theatre]], Florida Stage, and the [[Coconut Grove Playhouse]].

Cruz wrote the book of the [[Frank Wildhorn]]-Jack Murphy musical ''Havana''. Its scheduled world premiere at the [[Pasadena Playhouse]] has been delayed by the theatre's declaration of bankruptcy in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/05/pasadena-playhouse-files-chapter-11-petition.html|title=Pasadena Playhouse files Chapter 11 petition|date=May 11, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 11, 2010}}</ref>

Cruz has translated plays into both Spanish and English. His adaptation and translation of ''La vida es sueño'' (''[[Life Is a Dream]]'') in English premiered at [[South Coast Repertory]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verini |first1=Bob |title=Life is a Dream |url=https://variety.com/2007/legit/markets-festivals/life-is-a-dream-2-1200510212/ |website=Variety Magazine |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref> He translated the script for ''Hamlet, Prince of Cuba'' at [[Asolo Repertory Theatre]] into Spanish for the 2012 production that ran simultaneously in English and Spanish on alternating nights.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Della Gatta |first1=Carla |title=Latinx Shakespeares: Staging US Intracultural Theater |date=2023 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-472-05577-7 |page=118 |url=https://press.umich.edu/Books/L/Latinx-Shakespeares}}</ref>

Cruz has been the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships, including two [[National Endowment for the Arts|NEA/TCG]] National Theatre Artist Residency grants, a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] grant, [[San Francisco]]'s W. Alton Jones award, a [[Kennedy Center]] Fund for New American Plays award, and a USA Artist Fellowship.

Cruz is a frequent collaborator with Peruvian-American composer [[Gabriela Lena Frank]]. To date, they have completed a set of orchestral songs, ''La centinela y la paloma'' (''The Keeper and the Dove''), for soprano [[Dawn Upshaw]] and the [[St. Paul Chamber Orchestra]] (premiered under the baton of [[Joana Carneiro]] in February 2011); ''The Saint Maker'' for soprano [[Jessica Rivera]], mezzo-soprano Rachel Calloway, the [[San Francisco Girls Chorus]], and the [[Berkeley Symphony]] in May 2013; ''Journey of the Shadow'' for narrator and ensemble of eleven players (San Francisco Chamber Orchestra premiering in April 2013); the ''Conquest Requiem'' for soprano, baritone, orchestra, and chorus for the [[Houston Symphony]] under the baton of [[Andrés Orozco-Estrada]] in May 2017 which will be recorded by the Nashville Symphony in November 2022 for the Naxos label; and ''Cinco Lunas de Lorca'' (''The Five Moons of Lorca'') as a digital short for countertenor, choir, and piano for the [[Los Angeles Opera]]. Their newest project is ''El último sueño de Frida y Diego'' (''The Last Dream of Frida and Diego)'', a two-act opera commissioned by [https://www.sdopera.org San Diego Opera] and [https://www.sfopera.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw94WZBhDtARIsAKxWG--FEql5YPPyUyekPkzurNXD0XGZP__Bfn-c6qyoigQIYmW8QmqRaQcaAg46EALw_wcB San Francisco Opera] with a premiere in October 2022.

Cruz penned the libretto to composer [[Jimmy López]]'s opera ''[[Bel Canto (opera)|Bel Canto]]'' which had its world premiere at the [[Lyric Opera of Chicago]] on December 7, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bel Canto|url=http://www.lyricopera.org/belcanto/|website=Lyric Opera of Chicago|access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref>

Cruz's most recent work is ''Bathing in Moonlight'', a world premiere featuring [[Raul Mendez]], [[Priscilla Lopez]], [[Hannia Guillen]], [[Frankie J. Alvarez]], Michael Rudko, and Katty Velasquez. Directed by [[Emily Mann (director)|Emily Mann]], ''Bathing in Moonlight'' ran September 9 - October 9, 2016, at the [[McCarter Theatre]] in Princeton, New Jersey. ''Bathing in Moonlight'' is the recipient of an Edgerton Foundation New Play Award and a 2016 Greenfield Prize.

Cruz is an alumnus of [[New Dramatists]] and has taught playwriting at [[Brown University]], the [[University of Iowa]], and [[Yale University]]. He currently lives in [[New York City]] and Miami.

===Awards and honors===

In 2003, Cruz received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play ''Anna in the Tropics''.

In 2009, Cruz received the [[PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Award]] for a distinguished American playwright in mid-career.

In 2010, Cruz was awarded the honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from [[Whittier College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary|title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College|website=www.whittier.edu|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>

==Work==

===Plays===
* ''Dancing on Her Knees'' (1994)
* ''Night Train to Bolina''  (1995)
* ''A Park in Our House''  (1995)
* ''Two Sisters and a Piano'' (1998)
* ''A Bicycle Country''  (1999)
* ''Hortensia and the Museum of Dreams'' (2001)
* ''[[Anna in the Tropics]]'' (2002)
* ''Lorca in a Green Dress ''  (2003)
* ''Capricho'' (2003)
* ''Beauty of the Father'' (2006)
* ''The Color of Desire'' (2010)
* ''Hurricane'' (2010)
* ''Soto Voce'' (2014)
* ''Bathing in Moonlight'' (2016)
* ''Exquisita Agonía'' (''Exquisite Agony'') (2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/theater/exquisite-agony-review.html|title=Review: Exquisite Agony, a Heart-to-Heart With a Dead Man|first=Laura|last=Collins-Hughes|newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 August 2018|access-date=20 January 2019}}</ref>

===Musicals===
* ''Havana'' – music by [[Frank Wildhorn]], lyrics by Jack Murphy, book by Cruz

===Translations===
* ''A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings'' – a children's play that is an adaptation of a short story by  [[Gabriel García Márquez]]
* ''[[Doña Rosita the Spinster]]'' – by [[Federico García Lorca]]
* ''[[The House of Bernarda Alba]]'' – by [[Federico García Lorca]]
* ''[[La vida es sueño|Life is a Dream]]'' – by [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Literature}}
* [[List of Cuban Americans]]
* [[List of Cuban American writers]]
* [[Cuban American literature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|}}
* {{iobdb name|2067}}
* [http://www.broadway.com/gen/Buzz_Story.aspx?ci=32311 Nilo Cruz Interview by Beth Stevens on Broadway.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312103136/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/seminars/detail/new_plays_and_playwrights_01_04/ New Plays And Playwrights] – ''Working in the Theatre Seminar'' video at [[American Theatre Wing]].org, January 2004
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212200206/http://bombsite.com/issues/86/articles/2626 Bomb magazine interview]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080918060715/http://www.scr.org/season/06-07season/dream.asp Articles about Nilo Cruz and ''Life is a Dream''] at [[South Coast Repertory]]

{{PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors 2001-2025}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruz, Nilo}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Brown University alumni]]
[[Category:American writers of Cuban descent]]
[[Category:Cuban emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American gay writers]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners]]
[[Category:Hispanic and Latino American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:People from Matanzas]]
[[Category:American opera librettists]]
[[Category:Exiles of the Cuban Revolution in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ dramatists and playwrights]]